155:
609:–beads (made from shell, bone, ivory, amber, coal, shale, slate and fish vertebrae), woodcarvings in relation to Alutiiq religion, skin sown articles of clothing for celebratory and traditional use, and grass weaving of both artistic expression and functional application. During festivals, story telling, singing and dancing were all important means of passing down history through generations as Alutiiq lacked a formal system of writing.
1699:
71:
783:(= Names derived from a combination of Russian and Native words include: Alutiiq, from the Russian word Aleut (a term something like English "Eskimo" but referring to the people of the Aleutian Islands, the Alaska Peninsula, and the Kodiak archipelago); plus the Russian plural suffix -y; plus the Native singular suffix -q)
604:
Traditional
Alutiiq art are sources of pride for many as they typically highlight the importance of ancestors, the endurance and preservation of tradition, and the beauty of the natural world that sustain Alutiiq life. Physical medians of expression include
497:
The people traditionally lived a coastal lifestyle, subsisting primarily on ocean resources that were supplemented with rich land resources, such as berries and land mammals. The exact methods of subsistence would change throughout the seasons. Ugnerkaq, or
952:(= "Aleut," "Alutiiq," "Sugpiaq," "Russian," "Pacific Eskimo," "Unegkuhmiut," and "Chugach Eskimo" are all different names that have been used to identify the group of Native people living on the Lower Kenai Peninsula of Alaska.)
1257:
574:
migrating south for the winter. Much of there harvest would be preserve for winter. This was done a variety of ways from drying, smoking, storing in oil, or freezing foods. During the harsh storms of Uksuq, or
595:
Today, in the 21st century, the
Alutiiq live in coastal fishing communities in more modern housing. They work in all aspects of the modern economy, while also maintaining the cultural value of subsistence.
375:). In the early 1800s there were more than 60 Alutiiq villages in the Kodiak archipelago, with an estimated population of 13,000 people. Today more than 4,000 Alutiiq people live in Alaska.
1310:. A story about the Old Village of Afognak up to and including the strongest earthquake ever recorded on the North American continent and the resulting tsunami of March 27, 1964. 1991
1895:
502:, was often regarded as the most difficult season to survive in due to the winter's limiting of resources. During this time, the Alutiiq people would turn to the shore, collecting
1530:
Names derived from a combination of
Russian and Native words include: Alutiiq, from the Russian word Aleut; plus the Russian plural suffix -y; plus the Native singular suffix -q
1633:
1261:
633:
of these languages. The Kodiak dialect of the language was being spoken by only about 50 persons, all of them elderly, and the dialect was in danger of being lost entirely.
550:, and other were harvested for their medical and nutritional value. During this time trade would emerge with the natives of mainland Alaska for materials such as antler,
1406:
2086:
154:
583:
and ermine, hunting ducks, or fishing through lake or river ice. While inside, celebrations and festivals would be held in honor of the harvest, and ancestors
526:, approached, activity increased out on the open ocean. Fishing for halibut and cod would continue to remain prevalent, along with the hunting and harvest at
510:, and pick greens during low tide. As the season furthered, fish and sea mammals would gradually move closer to shore to feed. Alutiiq people would then hook
1888:
1584:
842:
756:
is the
Sugtestun pronunciation of the Russian-introduced name Aleut and is commonly used as a self-designation by the people of the Chugach region";
871:
480:
to refer to the language. All three names (Alutiiq, Aleut, and
Sugpiaq) are used now, according to personal preference. Over time, many other
1908:
1881:
1545:
1336:
450:, some Alaska Natives from the region have advocated use of the terms that the people themselves use to describe their people and language:
2076:
1320:
Lee, Molly. 2006. ""If It's Not a
Tlingit Basket, Then What Is It?": Toward the Definition of an Alutiiq Twined Spruce Root Basket Type",
1503:
1473:
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1371:
1315:
1301:
318:
272:
206:
1459:
142:
1660:
1413:
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917:
1130:
1514:
1082:
774:
1841:
1230:
626:
1178:
1154:
1106:
1058:
1034:
126:
1798:
1752:
1352:. Donning Company Publishers. Distributed by the Alutiiq Museum & Archaeological Repository, Kodiak, Alaska.
579:, most of the season would be spent insides, with occasional breaks in the storms allowing for the trapping of
1593:
853:
901:
1010:
1965:
130:
1431:
986:
820:
1819:
1814:
1397:
1205:(1990). "Alaska Native Languages in Russian America". In Smith, Barbara S.; Barnett, Redmond J. (eds.).
843:"Regulating a Mystery: Science, colonialism, and the politics of knowing in the Pacific halibut commons"
1619:
1341:
Mishler, Craig. 1997. "Aurcaq: Interruption, Distraction, and
Reversal in an Alutiiq Men's Dart Game",
878:
444:
Given the violence underlying the colonial period, and confusion because the
Sugpiaq term for Aleut is
1586:
Regulating a
Mystery: Science, colonialism, and the politics of knowing in the Pacific halibut commons
1355:
Mishler, Craig, and Rachel Mason. 1996. "Alutiiq
Vikings: Kinship and Fishing in Old Harbor, Alaska",
1762:
1447:
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674:
345:
1917:
1653:
922:
648:
1960:
1873:
1833:
1829:
939:
432:
362:
159:
692:
418:
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895:
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428:
796:
702:
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547:
366:
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237:
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gave to the native people in the region. Russian occupation began in 1784, following their
1683:
1623:
1465:
1391:
918:"What is in a Name?: The Predicament of Ethnonyms in the Sugpiaq-Alutiiq Region of Alaska"
657:, also known as Peter the Aleut, an Eastern Orthodox saint, reportedly from Kodiak Island.
654:
630:
499:
349:
1461:
The Evolution of Complex Hunter-Gatherers: archaeological evidence from the North Pacific
344:
Their traditional homelands date back to over 7,500 years ago, and include areas such as
2081:
2012:
1904:
1855:
1772:
1757:
1646:
697:
670:
666:
618:
543:
535:
414:
338:
216:
1402:. Anchorage, Alaska (3212 West 30th Ave., Anchorage 99517-1660): H.J. Simeonoff, 1996.
591:
Before contact with Russian fur traders, they lived in semi-subterranean homes called
2065:
1988:
1930:
1767:
1714:
1669:
943:
163:
1396:
Origins of the Sun and Moon Alutiiq Legend from Kodiak Island, Alaska, Collected by
2040:
1790:
1688:
223:
146:
39:
1568:
1484:
1350:
Black Ducks and Salmon Bellies: An Ethnography of Old Harbor and Ouzinkie, Alaska
1235:
721:
2035:
1940:
1935:
962:
947:
660:
1983:
1950:
554:, caribou pelts, and glassy stone, not available on Kodiak. During Uksuaq, or
539:
17:
558:, much of the work that was in done was in preparation for winter. They pick
2050:
1698:
1518:
1226:
778:
503:
2007:
1732:
1485:"Report on Population and Resources of Alaska at the Eleventh Census: 1890"
722:"Report on Population and Resources of Alaska at the Eleventh Census: 1890"
70:
935:
1357:
Human Organization : Journal of the Society for Applied Anthropology
531:
527:
481:
2045:
1999:
1955:
1364:
Birth & Rebirth on an Alaskan Island; The Life of an Alutiiq Healer
687:
519:
515:
507:
355:
1975:
1744:
1722:
576:
563:
555:
523:
97:
1945:
1209:. Tacoma, WA: Washington State Historical Society. pp. 205–213.
730:(= "The Kaniagmiut, to whom the Russians applied the name of Aleut")
621:
responded to requests from Alutiiq students and agreed to teach the
1287:
Effects of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill on Alutiiq Culture and People
468:(plural) — to identify the people (meaning "the real people"), and
2030:
1925:
1862:
559:
551:
153:
1638:
571:
567:
226:"; plural often "Alutiit"), also called by their ancestral name
1877:
1642:
1628:
1294:
Looking Both Ways; Heritage and Identity of the Alutiiq People
1289:. Anchorage, Alaska: Stephen R. Braund & Associates, 1993.
580:
511:
534:
haulouts, and bird rookeries even common feeding grounds for
261:
189:
1616:
1538:
Kodiak Kreol: Communities of Empire in Early Russian America
1611:
1378:
Making History Alutiiq/Sugpiaq Life on the Alaska Peninsula
872:"Assimilation and Identity among the Kodiak Island Sugpiat"
562:
sweetened by the first frosts; harvest large quantities of
301:
180:
1612:
Alaska Native Language Center: Alaska Native Languages Map
292:
246:
307:
295:
258:
249:
195:
1380:. Fairbanks, Alaska: University of Alaska Press, 2001.
1296:. Fairbanks, Alaska: University of Alaska Press, 2001.
341:
that inhabit the southern-central coast of the region.
1292:
Crowell, Aron, Amy F. Steffian, and Gordon L. Pullar.
1258:"2007 Fellows Individual Pages - MacArthur Foundation"
1407:"The Afognak Alutiiq People: Our History and Culture"
319:
310:
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289:
273:
264:
252:
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207:
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1634:
List of Native American peoples in the United States
298:
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192:
186:
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1974:
1916:
1828:
1807:
1789:
1743:
1713:
1706:
1676:
286:
240:
183:
136:
120:
107:
95:
90:
80:
1565:"Kodiak High School Adding Alutiiq Language Class"
1412:. Afognak Native Corporation. 2008. Archived from
1221:"Kodiak High School Adding Alutiiq Language Class"
1448:"East Prince William Sound Landscape Assessment"
1446:East Prince William Sound Landscape Assessment.
1308:Derevnia's Daughters, Saga of an Alaskan Village
748:Cordova Ranger District, Chugach National Forest
741:"East Prince William Sound Landscape Assessment"
1517:. Alaska Native Language Center. Archived from
1331:. Fairbanks: University of Alaska Press, 2008.
1889:
1654:
1567:. Alaska Public Radio Network. Archived from
1366:. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2001.
475:
469:
463:
457:
451:
445:
436:
422:
408:
402:
401:(plural). These terms derive from the names (
396:
390:
384:
370:
353:
228:
8:
1329:Alutiiq Villages Under Russian and U.S. Rule
383:At present, the most commonly used title is
49:
726:United States Census Office - Alaska - 1893
1896:
1882:
1874:
1710:
1661:
1647:
1639:
1617:Alaskan Orthodox Christian texts (Alutiiq)
841:Richmond, Laurie Shannon (February 2011).
663:, Lieutenant-governor of Alaska, 2002-2006
48:
1540:. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
2087:Native American language revitalization
1207:Russian America: The Forgotten Frontier
713:
421:of hundreds of Sugpiat at Refuge Rock (
329:; plural often "Sugpiat"), as well as
1285:Braund, Stephen R. & Associates.
916:DeHass, Medeia Csoba (January 2012).
7:
1483:United States Census Office (1893).
791:
789:
566:spawning in local streams; hunt fat
484:were used to refer to this people.
166:. Photographed by N. B. Miller, 1889
91:Regions with significant populations
1515:"Mapping Alaska's Native languages"
1234:. December 17, 2010. Archived from
775:"Mapping Alaska's Native languages"
570:headed for hibernation, and shoot
522:, and hunt for seals. As Kiak, or
25:
1583:Richmond, Laurie Shannon (2011).
1697:
1343:The Journal of American Folklore
431:near the present-day village of
415:Russian fur traders and settlers
282:
236:
176:
158:Salmon drying. Alutiiq village,
69:
1345:. (Vol. 110, no. 436): 189–202.
1:
1495:Written Voices Become History
471:Sugstun, Sugcestun, Sugt'stun
337:, are one of eight groups of
1905:Indigenous peoples of Alaska
1434:. Afognak Native Corporation
821:""Alutiiq / Suqpiaq Nation""
669:, executive director of the
2077:Alaska Native ethnic groups
1231:Alaska Public Radio Network
900:Museum of Natural History,
617:In 2010 the high school in
538:. Trees and shrubs such as
409:
2103:
1556:"About the Alutiiq People"
1432:"Afognak Village Timeline"
1359:(Vol. 55, no. 3): 263–269.
870:Pullar, Gordon L. (2010).
797:"Alutiiq / Sugpiaq People"
127:Orthodox Church in America
29:
27:Alaska Native ethnic group
1850:
1695:
1536:Miller, Gwenn A. (2010).
1390:Simeonoff, Helen J., and
761:
403:
141:
125:
112:
85:
68:
1492:Haakanson, Sven (2010).
427:) just off the coast of
38:Not to be confused with
902:Smithsonian Institution
673:, and winner of a 2007
493:Fishing and Subsistence
476:
470:
464:
458:
452:
446:
437:
423:
397:
391:
385:
371:
354:
229:
1458:Fitzhugh, Ben (2003).
1348:Mishler, Craig. 2003.
703:Alutiiq Museum Website
651:, painter and muralist
645:, painter and sculptor
627:Eskimo–Aleut languages
167:
31:For the language, see
1398:Alphonse Louis Pinart
1376:Partnow, Patricia H.
936:10.1353/arc.2012.0010
157:
137:Related ethnic groups
1498:. Left Coast press.
1468:/Plenum Publishers.
750:. September 9, 2008.
675:MacArthur Fellowship
346:Prince William Sound
131:traditional religion
1808:Notable individuals
1362:Mulcahy, Joanne B.
1322:Arctic Anthropology
923:Arctic Anthropology
896:"Looking Both Ways"
649:Linda Infante Lyons
629:, belonging to the
625:. It is one of the
65:
1707:Homelands by state
1622:2015-05-08 at the
1327:Luehrmann, Sonja.
363:Kodiak Archipelago
168:
2059:
2058:
1871:
1870:
1785:
1784:
1547:978-0-8014-4642-9
1337:978-1-60223-010-1
1324:. 43, no. 2: 164.
1183:alutiiqmuseum.org
1159:alutiiqmuseum.org
1135:alutiiqmuseum.org
1111:alutiiqmuseum.org
1087:alutiiqmuseum.org
1063:alutiiqmuseum.org
1039:alutiiqmuseum.org
1015:alutiiqmuseum.org
991:alutiiqmuseum.org
967:alutiiqmuseum.org
801:alutiiqmuseum.org
429:Sitkalidak Island
215:in English; from
152:
151:
16:(Redirected from
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2002:
1898:
1891:
1884:
1875:
1711:
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1592:. Archived from
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1479:
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1400:, March 20, 1872
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1260:. Archived from
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852:. Archived from
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777:. Archived from
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643:Alvin Eli Amason
623:Alutiiq language
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81:Total population
75:A Sugpiaq dancer
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33:Alutiiq language
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2008:Central Alaskan
1998:
1994:Alutiiq–Sugpiaq
1970:
1966:Upper Kuskokwim
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1909:Tribal entities
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1872:
1867:
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1824:
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1684:Yupik languages
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1667:
1624:Wayback Machine
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1603:
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1563:Jacob Resnick.
1562:
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1466:Kluwer Academic
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693:Awa'uq Massacre
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536:humpback whales
495:
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350:Kenai Peninsula
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96:United States (
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1629:Alutiiq Museum
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1607:
1606:External links
1604:
1602:
1601:
1599:on 2013-01-24.
1580:
1560:
1552:
1546:
1533:
1513:Holton, Gary.
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1306:Harvey, Lola.
1304:
1290:
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1280:
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1275:
1274:
1249:
1238:on May 5, 2021
1225:Jacob Resneck
1212:
1194:
1170:
1146:
1131:"Storytelling"
1122:
1098:
1074:
1050:
1026:
1002:
978:
954:
950:on 2020-05-18.
908:
887:
884:on 2016-03-04.
862:
859:on 2013-01-24.
833:
828:Alutiiq Museum
812:
785:
781:on 2015-01-06.
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698:Alutiiq Museum
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671:Alutiiq Museum
667:Sven Haakanson
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637:Notable people
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372:Koniag Alutiiq
339:Alaska Natives
331:Pacific Eskimo
217:Promyshlenniki
172:Alutiiq people
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1670:Yupik peoples
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1083:"Skin Sewing"
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987:"Subsistence"
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631:Yup'ik branch
628:
624:
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600:Cultural Arts
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335:Pacific Yupik
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164:Kodiak Island
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1791:Organisation
1727:
1594:the original
1585:
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1529:
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1519:the original
1494:
1460:
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1421:. Retrieved
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1395:
1392:A. L. Pinart
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1328:
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966:
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927:
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865:
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800:
779:the original
769:
753:
747:
735:
725:
716:
616:
606:
603:
592:
590:
548:Sitka spruce
520:herring eggs
496:
456:(singular),
443:
389:(singular),
382:
343:
334:
330:
227:
174:(pronounced
171:
169:
86:4,000-12,000
61:
57:
52:
46:Ethnic group
40:Aleut people
1918:Athabaskans
850:Conservancy
661:Loren Leman
544:Kenai birch
379:Terminology
2066:Categories
1951:Holikachuk
1931:Deg Hitʼan
1861:See also:
1834:settlement
1575:2010-12-18
1525:2014-11-15
1438:2014-11-15
1423:2014-11-15
1268:2018-10-14
1188:2023-05-07
1164:2023-05-07
1140:2023-05-07
1116:2023-05-07
1092:2023-05-07
1068:2023-05-07
1044:2023-05-07
1020:2023-05-07
996:2023-05-07
972:2023-05-07
806:2023-05-07
709:References
518:, collect
506:, hunting
433:Old Harbor
348:and outer
160:Old Harbor
2051:Tsimshian
1179:"Dancing"
1155:"Singing"
1107:"Weaving"
1059:"Carving"
1035:"Beading"
944:154511087
655:Cungagnaq
593:ciqlluaq.
508:octopuses
504:shellfish
482:ethnonyms
477:Sugtestun
222:Алеутъ, "
116:, English
114:Sugcestun
108:Languages
103:>4,000
2013:Siberian
1941:Gwichʼin
1936:Denaʼina
1856:Category
1830:European
1763:Chaplino
1758:Yupighyt
1753:Chukotka
1620:Archived
930:: 3–17.
682:See also
613:Language
532:sea lion
462:(dual),
419:massacre
395:(dual),
365:and the
121:Religion
2072:Alutiiq
2046:Tlingit
2000:Chugach
1984:Iñupiat
1956:Koyukon
1842:Siberia
1773:Serinik
1728:Alutiiq
1677:Culture
762:Алутиик
758:Russian
754:Alutiiq
688:Chugach
607:pinguat
587:Housing
560:berries
516:halibut
488:Culture
465:Sugpiat
459:Sugpiak
453:Sugpiaq
447:Alutiiq
413:) that
398:Alutiit
392:Alutiik
386:Alutiiq
361:), the
358:Sugpiaq
356:Chugach
230:Sugpiaq
220:Russian
62:Sugpiak
58:Sugpiaq
53:Sugpiat
50:Alutiiq
1976:Eskimo
1961:Tanana
1820:Russia
1799:Global
1768:Naukan
1745:Russia
1733:Yup'ik
1723:Alaska
1544:
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1472:
1384:
1370:
1335:
1314:
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942:
619:Kodiak
577:winter
564:salmon
524:summer
500:spring
438:Nuniaq
424:Awa'uq
404:Алеутъ
277:-byahk
143:Yup'ik
98:Alaska
64:(dual)
2082:Yupik
2041:Haida
2031:Aleut
2024:Other
1989:Yupik
1926:Ahtna
1863:Inuit
1689:Thule
1597:(PDF)
1590:(PDF)
1451:(PDF)
1417:(PDF)
1410:(PDF)
940:S2CID
882:(PDF)
875:(PDF)
857:(PDF)
846:(PDF)
824:(PDF)
744:(PDF)
572:ducks
568:bears
552:ivory
540:Cedar
474:, or
410:Aleut
323:-pee-
224:Aleut
147:Aleut
60:(sg)
2036:Eyak
1542:ISBN
1500:ISBN
1470:ISBN
1382:ISBN
1368:ISBN
1333:ISBN
1312:ISBN
1298:ISBN
1244:2010
1227:KMXT
556:fall
530:and
528:seal
514:and
321:SUUG
275:SUUG
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