2453:
1547:, taught as three noun classes. The first class are nonhuman nouns of the first declension. Number is only distinguished in the absolutive case, though verbal agreement may distinguish number when these nouns are in the ergative. The second class are proper names and kin terms for elders. They are second declension, and distinguish number in the ergative, locative, and lative cases, as well as the absolutive. The third class are the other human nouns; they may be either first or second declension.
343:
358:
952:
36:
438:. The language is unwritten and moribund; in the 1970s residents of the chief Alutor village of Vyvenka under the age of 25 did not know the language. In recent years the Vyvenka village school has started teaching the language. Until 1958 the language was considered the "village" (settled) dialect of the
919:
All
Alyutor syllables begin with a single consonant. If the vowel is short, including a schwa, they may also close with a single consonant. Consonant clusters are not permitted in the word initial or word final positions. The schwa is used to break up disallowed clusters.
2167:
For impersonal forms of conjugation include verbal predicate (formed with the circumfix a...ka) and imperative (formed by circumfix ɣa...a/ta). Non-finite forms
Impersonal forms include the verbal predicate with the circumfix
890:
containing schwa cannot be stressed. As a consequence, if a disyllabic term begins with such a syllable, the stress is shifted to the last syllable and thereafter a new, epenthetic syllable is added at the end, e.g.:
1750:
The absolutive case is the citation form of a noun. It is used for the argument ("subject") of an intransitive clause and the object of a transitive clause, for "syntactic possessives", and for the
2108:; agreement is through both prefixes and suffixes. Transitive verbs agree with both arguments (ergative and absolutive), whereas intransitive verbs agree with their sole (absolutive) argument.
1871:
Grammatical first and second person suffixes on nouns are used to equate a noun with participants in the discourse. They only appear in the absolutive, with an intervening
2355:
2689:
2699:
1482:
Alyutor has the following parts of speech: nouns, adjectives, numerals, pronouns, verbs, participles, adverbs, postpositions, conjunctions, and particles.
368:
1862:
Associative is used for secondary or passive accompaniment. It is only attested in the declension of nouns of the first declension, usually inanimate.
234:
1539:
Number and case are expressed using a single affix. A suffix is used for all cases except the comitative and associative, which are expressed using
2679:
2348:
2694:
2328:
784:
791:
2323:
2341:
2291:
999:
973:
119:
53:
1940:
Alyutor has simple numerals for the numbers one to five, ten, and twenty. All other numbers are compounds based on these numerals.
1273:
2674:
1338:
is variable, and it is difficult to say which typology is basic. The verb-absolutive orders AVO and VAO are perhaps most common.
531:
526:
380:
100:
977:
72:
57:
2301:
1850:
Equative is used with the meanings 'like X', 'as X', usually with verbs like 'to become', 'to turn into', 'to work as,' etc.
2372:
855:
Stress generally falls on the second syllable of polysyllabic words, and on the first syllable of disyllabic words, e.g.:
423:
348:
199:
2684:
748:
741:
550:
545:
329:
79:
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493:
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805:
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693:
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571:
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981:
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46:
2266:
The Case for Fewer Cases in Pre-Chukotko-Kamchatkan: Grammaticalization and
Semantics in Internal Reconstructions
2551:
2364:
718:
512:
507:
390:
68:
2305:
711:
442:, but it is not intelligible with traditionally nomadic varieties of Koryak. The autonym means "villager".
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229:
2239:
Nedoluzhko, Anja (2016). Variability of languages in time and space: Linguistic typology - phonology
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1213:
1158:
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2096:
There are finite (conjugated) and non-finite verbs. There are several conjugations.
2476:
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Monopersonal verbs include two conjugations, one with the third-person singular in
2116:
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727:
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2124:
1773:
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35:
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17:
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Comitative is used for ... . It is primarily used with high-animacy referents.
1544:
1529:
1501:
1335:
558:
480:
1012:
The Alutor language does not have an official orthography, but the newspaper
1840:
1540:
1525:
1521:
1490:
Nouns are inflected for number, case, definiteness, and grammatical person.
735:
520:
314:
298:
280:
2333:
1757:
The ergative is used for the agent ("subject") of a transitive verb, as an
305:
1751:
1509:
1265:
bread+NOM+SG eat.with.something-CVB ASSOC⟩butter⟨ASSOC good
887:
415:
398:
386:
172:
1419:
1406:
once (name)-ERG+SG somewhere RES⟩see⟨RES+3SG.P fish-ABS+SG
1378:
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1306:
1180:
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687:
394:
434:
The Alutor are the indigenous inhabitants of the northern part of the
2184:
1829:
The dative is used for recipients, benefactors, directional objects (
1769:
1517:
1513:
1192:
1188:
879:
419:
365:
284:
152:
1856:
Causative is used for noun phrases that cause or motivate an action
1470:
RES⟩poke⟨RES+3SG.P (name)-ERG+SG finger-ABS+SG there
938:
Alyutor word boundaries always coincide with syllable boundaries.
456:
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1397:
1393:
1359:
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1229:
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Alyutor has six vowels, five of which may be long or short. The
2337:
1812:
1434:
1355:
1285:
945:
29:
347:
Pre-contact distribution of
Alyutor (light purple) and other
2104:
Finite verbs agree in person and number with their nuclear
1801:
1403:
tita·qa qutkinʲnʲaqu-nak maŋ.ki·ʔana ɣa⟩laʔu⟨lin ʔənnə-ʔən.
1196:
397:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
1240:
1839:
Prolative is used for movement along and movement from (
1776:), as well as arguments which are "driven away", e.g.:
2588:
2572:
2535:
2492:
2469:
2460:
2415:
2380:
2371:
2282:Kibrik, A.E., S.V. Kodzasov, I.A. Murav'eva. 2000.
364:Alutor is classified as Severely Endangered by the
328:
312:
296:
291:
266:
261:
245:
220:
188:
178:
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148:
134:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1928:...ʡopta am-ʡujamtawilʔ-ə-muru "yes we the people"
1768:The locative is used for position and direction (
1853:Contactive is used for objects that make contact
911:The final syllable of a word is never stressed.
1467:ɣa⟩nvə⟨lin qutkinʲnʲaqu-nak təlɣə-lŋən ŋan.tiŋ.
2349:
2253:. ILCAA: Tokyo University of Foreign Studies.
8:
1262:qəlʲippə tətu-kki ɣeqə⟩masla⟨ta n-ə-mal-qin.
422:that belongs to the Chukotkan branch of the
2251:Grammatical Sketches from the Field: Alutor
980:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2466:
2377:
2356:
2342:
2334:
356:
341:
131:
1268:'Bread (eaten) with butter is excellent.'
1000:Learn how and when to remove this message
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1942:
1931:japlə=q ʡujamtawilʔ-iɣəm "and I'm a man"
1881:
1549:
1409:'Once Qutkinnyaqu saw a fish somewhere.'
1216:, with extensive prefixes and suffixes.
589:
464:
369:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
2196:
1836:Lative is used for motion toward a goal
391:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
27:Chukotkan language of Kamchatka, Russia
2298:Ocherk grammatiki aljutorskogo jazyka
2227:Ocherk grammatiki aljutorskogo jazyka
2135:, potential (marked by the circumfix
1833:), and subjects of experiential verbs
1473:'Qutkinnyaqu stuck his finger there.'
219:
7:
2700:Languages written in Cyrillic script
978:adding citations to reliable sources
587:There are 18 consonants in Alyutor.
58:adding citations to reliable sources
2304:Publication Series A2-038). Osaka:
1327:he-ERG me+ABS 1SG.P-walk.past-3SG.A
1205:I.ABS 1SG.S-E-boot+crumple-E-IMPERF
1875:on nouns ending in a vowel and an
25:
2229:. Osaka: Osaka Gakuin University.
1821:he-ABS.SG drive-IMPERF sledge-LOC
828:
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1879:on nouns ending in a consonant.
1016:uses the following orthography:
950:
34:
2111:Verbs distinguish two aspects,
45:needs additional citations for
2268:. Eastern Michigan University.
2183:These include the infinitive,
1202:ɣəmmə t-ə-plak+tavamjat-ə-tkən
1:
2690:Subject–verb–object languages
2680:Chukotko-Kamchatkan languages
2329:Alutor: Bibliographical guide
1497:: singular, dual and plural.
424:Chukotko-Kamchatkan languages
349:Chukotko-Kamchatkan languages
2695:Endangered languages of Asia
2284:Jazyk i fol'klor aljutorcev.
2187:, gerunds, and participles.
1818:ənnu ɣilŋatə-tkən ujatiki-k.
1761:, and as the argument of an
2286:Moscow: IMLI RAN Nasledie.
2264:Wdzenczny, Dibella (2011).
2139:), and conjunctive (prefix
1824:'he drove away the sledge.'
2716:
1734:ɣeqə⟩…⟨a/-ta
1324:ən-an(nə) ɣəmmə ina-ɣal-i.
1272:The argument structure is
2649:
2449:
2249:Nagayama, Yukari (2010).
2225:Nagayama, Yukari (2003).
1737:
1732:
1722:
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430:Sociolinguistic situation
377:
355:
340:
268:Official language in
139:
2365:Paleo-Siberian languages
2296:Nagayama, Yukari. 2003.
2147:Monopersonal conjugation
2123:. There are five moods,
2100:Polypersonal conjugation
2074:ŋitaqməlləŋin mənɣətkin
1719:ɣa⟩…⟨a/-ta
1500:There are eleven cases:
1177:t-ə-plak+tavamjat-ə-tkən
2675:Agglutinative languages
2306:Osaka Gakuin University
2214:(subscription required)
2066:ŋəraqmənɣətkin ŋəraqqə
1807:
1796:
1781:
1724:awən⟩…⟨ma
1683:-jpəŋ/-ɣəpəŋ (-e ~ -i)
1459:
1444:
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1302:
1291:
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1165:
2172:and the imperative in
2163:Impersonal conjugation
379:This article contains
2115:, the bare stem, and
2077:seventy (seven tens)
184:25 (2010 census)
2324:The Aliutor Language
1330:'He walked past me.'
974:improve this section
54:improve this article
2685:Languages of Russia
2373:Chukotko-Kamchatkan
2119:, using the suffix
2085:hundred (ten tens)
2082:mənɣətək mənɣətkin
2013:eight (three-five)
1495:grammatical numbers
1239:eat.with.something-
436:Kamchatka Peninsula
277:Karaginsky District
200:Chukotko-Kamchatkan
2438:Southern Kamchadal
2061:forty (four tens)
1867:Grammatical person
1250:ASSOC⟩butter⟨ASSOC
1212:The morphology is
1014:Aborigen Kamchatki
915:Syllable structure
69:"Alyutor language"
2662:
2661:
2656:extinct languages
2564:Southern Yukaghir
2531:
2530:
2447:
2446:
2431:Eastern Kamchadal
2425:(Western) Itelmen
2212:(18th ed., 2015)
2155:and the other in
2089:
2088:
2045:twenty (a score)
2021:nine (four-five)
2005:seven (two-five)
1925:
1924:
1759:instrumental case
1742:
1741:
1208:'I soften boots '
1150:
1149:
1010:
1009:
1002:
848:
847:
580:
579:
405:
404:
387:rendering support
383:phonetic symbols.
273:Tigilsky District
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
2707:
2467:
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2261:
2255:
2254:
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2240:
2237:
2231:
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2222:
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2215:
2201:
2179:Non-finite forms
2018:ŋəraqməlləŋ(in)
2010:ŋəruqməlləŋ(in)
2002:ŋitaqməlləŋ(in)
1994:ənnanməlləŋ(in)
1943:
1882:
1814:
1803:
1792:
1788:
1550:
1543:. There are two
1493:There are three
1455:
1451:
1440:
1436:
1430:qutkinʲnʲaqu-nak
1425:
1421:
1399:
1395:
1384:
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1357:
1351:qutkinʲnʲaqu-nak
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876:/pə.ˈla.kəl.ŋən/
873:
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462:cannot be long.
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2552:Tundra Yukaghir
2527:
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2456:
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2411:
2367:
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2058:ŋəraqmənɣətkin
2034:mənɣətək ənnan
1997:six (one-five)
1938:
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1826:
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1805:
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1735:
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1720:
1699:-kjit ~ -kjita
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1558:2nd declension
1555:1st declension
1524:, contractive,
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868:/ˈta.wə.ja.tək/
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440:Koryak language
432:
385:Without proper
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262:Official status
256:Cyrillic script
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180:Native speakers
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18:Alutor language
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1191:-boot+crumple-
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1691:-jit ~ -jita
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1418:RES⟩poke⟨RES+
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1247:ɣeqə⟩masla⟨ta
1243:
1237:
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1214:agglutinative
1209:
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1199:
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968:
964:
959:This section
957:
953:
948:
947:
941:
939:
936:
929:/ˈtil.mə.til/
923:Examples are
921:
914:
912:
904:
894:
893:
892:
889:
888:open syllable
881:
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71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
2651:
2636:
2612:
2605:
2556:
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2520:
2513:
2506:
2499:
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2436:
2429:
2399:
2389:
2319:The Aliutors
2297:
2283:
2277:Bibliography
2265:
2259:
2250:
2244:
2235:
2226:
2220:
2207:
2199:
2182:
2173:
2169:
2166:
2156:
2152:
2150:
2140:
2136:
2120:
2117:imperfective
2110:
2103:
2095:
1975:
1963:
1939:
1876:
1872:
1870:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1810:
1799:
1797:ɣilŋatə-tkən
1784:
1774:lative cases
1730:associative
1538:
1528:, equative,
1499:
1492:
1489:
1481:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1462:
1447:
1432:
1417:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1391:
1377:RES⟩see⟨RES+
1376:
1368:
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1345:
1333:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1305:
1294:
1283:
1271:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1257:
1255:n-ə-mal-qin.
1249:
1238:
1223:
1211:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1179:
1168:
1157:Alutor is a
1156:
1013:
1011:
996:
987:
972:Please help
960:
937:
922:
918:
910:
902:
885:
872:/qə.ˈla.vul/
854:
586:
454:
433:
411:
407:
406:
378:
313:
209:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
2153:ɣa-...-lin,
2069:forty four
2053:twenty one
1912:2nd person
1898:1st person
1763:antipassive
1715:comitative
1688:contactive
1585:absolutive
1545:declensions
1541:circumfixes
1534:associative
1374:ɣa⟩laʔu⟨lin
1366:maŋ.ki·ʔana
1313:-walk.past-
942:Orthography
927:'to work',
907:'mosquito'.
874:'husband',
870:'to feed',
779:Approximant
638:palatalized
393:instead of
233: [
2669:Categories
2417:Kamchatkan
2209:Ethnologue
2191:References
2129:imperative
2125:indicative
2113:perfective
2026:mənɣətkin
1808:ujatiki-k.
1745:Case roles
1696:causative
1680:prolative
1530:comitative
1502:absolutive
1478:Morphology
1445:təlɣə-lŋən
1415:ɣa⟩nvə⟨lin
1389:ʔənnə-ʔən.
1336:word order
1303:ina-ɣal-i.
1161:language.
864:/ˈɣəl.ɣən/
621:Pharyngeal
583:Consonants
110:April 2021
80:newspapers
2654:indicate
2462:Yeniseian
2382:Chukotkan
2157:n-...-qin
2106:arguments
1986:məlləŋin
1887:singular
1841:perlative
1704:equative
1636:locative
1620:ergative
1526:causative
1522:prolative
1369:somewhere
1281:ən-an(nə)
961:does not
935:'parka'.
933:/ˈʔitʔən/
931:'eagle',
925:/ˈvi.tak/
897:/ˈmə.tan/
862:'water',
860:/ˈmi.məl/
736:Fricative
446:Phonology
315:Glottolog
299:ISO 639-3
281:Kamchatka
205:Chukotkan
169:Ethnicity
163:Kamchatka
143:alutalg'u
141:алуталг’у
2622:Eskaleut
2614:Sakhalin
2601:Hokkaido
2537:Yukaghir
2522:Pumpokol
2493:Southern
2470:Northern
2174:ɣa…a/ta.
2133:optative
2042:qəlikkə
1936:Numerals
1752:vocative
1710:-u/-ənu
1574:singular
1565:singular
1510:locative
1506:ergative
1460:ŋan.tiŋ.
1274:ergative
1236:tətu-kki
1221:qəlʲippə
1153:Typology
901:/məˈtan.
866:'skin',
601:Alveolar
416:language
399:Help:IPA
322:alut1245
221:Dialects
173:Alyutors
2652:Italics
2638:Sirenik
2395:Chukchi
2390:Alyutor
2204:Alyutor
2037:eleven
1915:-j-ɣət
1901:-j-ɣəm
1893:plural
1811:sledge-
1765:clause.
1707:-u/-nu
1652:dative
1639:-k/-ki
1623:-a/-ta
1614:-w/-wwi
1599:-w/-wwi
1580:plural
1571:plural
1448:finger-
1433:(name)-
1354:(name)-
1343:tita·qa
982:removed
967:sources
688:Plosive
626:Glottal
606:Palatal
476:Central
408:Alyutor
395:Unicode
210:Alyutor
135:Alyutor
94:scholar
2632:Naukan
2589:Others
2546:Chuvan
2407:Koryak
2290:
2185:supine
2137:ta…(ŋ)
1969:three
1954:ŋitaq
1946:ənnan
1921:-turu
1918:-turi
1907:-muru
1904:-muri
1802:IMPERF
1800:drive-
1770:essive
1668:lative
1663:-ətək
1647:-ətək
1631:-ətək
1604:(stem)
1594:-t/-ti
1589:(stem)
1532:, and
1518:lative
1514:dative
1224:bread+
1197:IMPERF
1037:Гʼ гʼ
1031:Вʼ вʼ
899:->
880:mukluk
851:Stress
616:Uvular
596:Labial
451:Vowels
420:Russia
412:Alutor
366:UNESCO
335:Alutor
285:Russia
239:Koryak
230:Palana
226:Alutor
159:Region
153:Russia
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
2607:Kuril
2580:Nivkh
2573:Nivkh
2508:Assan
2401:Kerek
2170:a…ka,
2141:ʔ-/a-
2092:Verbs
1989:five
1981:four
1890:dual
1672:-kəŋ
1659:-ənaŋ
1643:-ənak
1627:-ənak
1486:Nouns
1463:there
1392:fish-
1292:ɣəmmə
1166:ɣəmmə
822:Trill
645:Nasal
633:plain
611:Velar
488:Close
471:Front
457:schwa
414:is a
237:]
101:JSTOR
87:books
2627:Yuit
2596:Ainu
2558:Omok
2515:Kott
2501:Arin
2483:Yugh
2302:ELPR
2288:ISBN
2029:ten
1978:qqə
1966:qqə
1957:two
1949:one
1843:and
1782:ənnu
1772:and
1609:-nti
1577:dual
1568:dual
1346:once
1334:The
1258:good
1144:Я я
1141:Ю ю
1138:Э э
1135:Ь ь
1132:Ы ы
1129:Ъ ъ
1126:Щ щ
1121:Ш ш
1118:Ч ч
1115:Ц ц
1112:Х х
1109:Ф ф
1106:У у
1103:Т т
1100:С с
1095:Р р
1092:П п
1089:О о
1086:Ӈ ӈ
1083:Н н
1080:М м
1077:Л л
1074:Ӄ ӄ
1069:К к
1066:Й й
1063:И и
1060:З з
1057:Ж ж
1054:Ё ё
1051:Ә ә
1048:Е е
1043:Д д
1040:Ғ ғ
1034:Г г
1028:В в
1025:Б б
1022:А а
965:any
963:cite
559:Open
481:Back
73:news
2477:Ket
2206:at
2143:).
1974:ŋər
1962:ŋər
1813:LOC
1787:ABS
1785:he-
1655:-ŋ
1450:ABS
1435:ERG
1420:3SG
1394:ABS
1379:3SG
1356:ERG
1315:3SG
1307:1SG
1297:ABS
1295:me+
1286:ERG
1284:he-
1241:CVB
1226:NOM
1181:1SG
1171:ABS
976:by
886:An
521:Mid
460:/ə/
418:of
410:or
381:IPA
330:ELP
306:alr
56:by
2671::
2159:.
2131:,
2127:,
1791:SG
1738:—
1675:—
1536:.
1520:,
1516:,
1512:,
1508:,
1504:,
1454:SG
1439:SG
1398:SG
1360:SG
1276:.
1230:SG
1169:I.
903:nə
882:'.
799:lʲ
665:nʲ
572:aː
551:oː
532:eː
513:uː
499:iː
426:.
279:,
275:,
235:ru
2357:e
2350:t
2343:v
2308:.
2300:(
1976:a
1964:u
1877:i
1873:j
1847:)
1789:.
1754:.
1452:+
1437:+
1424:P
1422:.
1396:+
1383:P
1381:.
1358:+
1319:A
1317:.
1311:P
1309:.
1228:+
1195:-
1193:E
1189:E
1187:-
1185:S
1183:.
1003:)
997:(
992:)
988:(
984:.
970:.
905:/
895:*
878:'
830:r
806:j
792:l
785:w
769:ʕ
760:ɣ
749:s
742:v
728:ʔ
719:q
712:k
701:t
694:p
674:ŋ
658:n
651:m
567:a
546:o
539:ə
527:e
508:u
494:i
401:.
287:)
283:(
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
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