742:
1654:
1625:
1711:
1183:
1552:
1404:
2164:
391:
1478:
2150:
1036:
65:
1256:
1110:
1330:
218:
880:, the Amami Islands fell under direct American military control, with American documents referring to the Amami Islands as the "Northern Ryukyu Islands". The Japanese government believed this indicated an American intention to permanently separate the islands from Japan, and in response, stressed to the
2057:
There are three
Ryukyuan tomb styles: the house style, the turtle style, and the cave style. Most tombs in Amami use the house style, unlike in Okinawa where the turtle style is more prevalent. However, there are tombs called "Shiroma Tofuru" tombs, which were built 400 years ago, that use the turtle
987:
The
Japanese government promulgated the Amami Islands Promotion and Development Special Measures Law. However, the economic gap between the islands and the mainland still exists to this day. The law did help residents by improving the island's infrastructure. However, its bureaucratic system has been
928:
Amami residents were dissatisfied with these controls by the U.S. Moreover, the Amami economy suffered from separation from the
Japanese market. Public funds of the U.S. administration were mostly used for heavily damaged Okinawa and the military bases there. The Amami Islands Homeland Restoration
329:
The Amami
Islands are limestone islands of coralline origin and have a total area of approximately 1,240.28 square kilometres (478.87 sq mi), of which 308.3 square kilometres (119.0 sq mi) constitute the city
983:
Although the Amami
Islands were returned to Japan in 1953, Okinawa remained under American control until 1972. Because of this, Amami people who worked in Okinawa suddenly became "foreigners", making their situations difficult.
789:
At first, Satsuma's administration was a mild one, but as the financial deterioration of the domain became worse, the administration changed to one of exploitation. Satsuma imposed high taxes payable in sugar. This resulted in
1819:
As a part of the
Ryukyuan cultural sphere, Amami culture is closer to that of the other Ryukyu Islands than to that of mainland Japan. However, the islands' history is different from Okinawa as well. Okinawa, including the
709:
of Japan attempted to invade Amami Ōshima in 1493, but Ryukyu defeated them. During the 16th century, there were three rebellions on Amami Ōshima that Ryukyu put down: one in 1536, one in 1537, and one in 1571.
1849:. It is divided into several dialects: the Kikai dialect, North Amami dialect, South Amami dialect, and Tokunoshima dialect. Dialects spoken in the southern islands of Okinoerabu and Yoron are part of the
909:
in 1950. However, under a democratic election, the local electorate chose a governor who pledged reversion to Japan (this also happened in other native governments of Ryukyu, namely those of
Okinawa,
782:
commissioner. However, it was still nominally treated as
Ryukyuan territory, and bureaucrats from the kingdom were dispatched as well. Satsuma control over the islands was formally recognized by the
769:
of the Ryukyu
Kingdom. They landed on Amami Ōshima, then Tokuno, Okinoerabu, and Okinawa itself. Satsuma met fierce resistance, but eventually defeated Ryukyu, by capturing the capital of
918:
2002:, which incorporated some Okinawan styles and thus causes confusion as to the precision of the term. Others argue the word was used for Okinawan folk songs as well even before 1992.
921:(USCAR) was alarmed by this development, and reduced the power of native governments to that of a figurehead status. In 1952, USCAR founded another governmental body called the
1828:
themselves regard their culture as distinct from that of
Okinawa. The Amami people treat the area between Kikai, Amami Ōshima, and Tokuno as part of their own cultural sphere.
765:, the ruler of Satsuma Domain in southern Kyushu, to invade the Ryukyu Kingdom in order to gain control of the shipping routes between Japan and China. In April 1609, Shimazu
357:) with very warm summers and mild winters. Precipitation is high throughout the year, but is highest in the months of May, June and September. The area is subject to frequent
933:, formed in 1947, also favored reunification. Among locals over 14 years old, 99.8% of them signed in a bid toward reversion. Some municipalities and communities went on a
468:. Initially, the styles were similar to those of the main islands of Japan, but later, a style original to Amami, known as "Usuki Lower Style", was developed.
893:
1067:
2484:
1509:
1213:
1435:
835:, more than 20,000 Japanese soldiers were garrisoned in the Amami Islands, although the islands were never invaded, and experienced only small scale
2469:
1582:
1287:
1140:
1361:
2440:
812:. Their folk songs evolved into a style different from that of Ryukyu, and still remain as a part of their culture today. Under Satsuma's rule,
881:
2387:
888:
1883:, a dialect of the Japanese language that uses an Amami accent and some words and phrases from the Amami language, locally referred to as
2244:
2213:
1992:
originally referred to Amami folk songs only, and is therefore now mistakenly used for Okinawan folk songs. The Japanese rock band
438:
89:
2048:
established by the Japanese government, whereas Buddhist temples are less common than in Japan. As in Okinawa, priestesses called
1875:
Because of the education system put in place during the Meiji period, all Amami people today speak standard Japanese. However, the
2078:
There are no universities or colleges in the Amami Islands. From 2004, The Graduate School of Humanistic-Sociological Sciences of
922:
351:
741:
2474:
2373:
2363:
2349:
416:
412:
776:
Ryukyu ceded the Amami Islands to Satsuma Domain in 1611. Satsuma started to directly rule the islands from 1613, sending a
2273:
681:'s control. However, since Okinawa itself was still rife with civil wars, it could not control the Northern Amami Islands.
2449:
697:. During the 1430s and 1440s, Ryukyu expanded into the Amami Islands. By 1450, Ryukyuan forces had reached deep into the
1831:
On the other hand, islanders from Yoron, just 22 km away from Okinawa, have much closer cultural ties to Okinawa.
685:
from Tokuno and further north just paid tribute to Okinawan kingdoms, and continued to remain independent. After 1429,
1857:
746:
540:
2118:
401:
1653:
1624:
420:
405:
2479:
1998:
992:
347:
1772:
871:
574:
Agriculture came to the islands around the 12th century, and the people shifted to farming from hunting. As on
2113:
1710:
369:
The population of the Amami Islands on 1 October 2020 was 104,281, of which 41,390 were in the city of Amami-
2368:
Hellyer. Robert. Defining Engagement: Japan and Global Contexts, 1640-1868. Harvard University Press (2009)
1974:
1824:, had strong cultural influences from China, whereas Amami was affected more by Japan. Because of this, the
945:
899:
2464:
758:
31:
2017:
scale with intervals 2-0.5-1-2-0.5 (leading note) - Amami folk songs use the scale of C, D, E, G, A - an
952:
to Japan in February 1952, and the Amami Islands on December 25, 1953. The U.S. government called it "a
2450:
Commemorative Silver Proof Coin of the 50th Anniversary of the Restoration of the Amami Islands to Japan
930:
904:
948:
in 1952 put the Amami islands under trusteeship as part of the Ryukyu Islands. The U.S. returned the
603:
2079:
828:
661:
were forced to pay tribute to stronger nations to retain autonomy. Ryukyuan records state that Amami
619:
263:
179:
2126:
1799:
607:
1794:
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2217:
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1983:
1861:
1685:
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1978:
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2041:
2018:
1909:
1901:
1869:
1865:
1850:
1821:
1789:
824:
820:
762:
471:
Among Japanese literature, mention of the islands first appeared in the late 7th century. The
318:
271:
800:
During these times, the Amami people found their joys in local liquors made from sugarcanes,
2068:
2050:
2010:
1946:
599:
251:
816:
underwent a great change, and they are today known for many unique one-character surnames.
2101:
2094:
1716:
914:
887:
In February 1946, the Amami Islands were officially separated from Japan. In October, the
209:
205:
2072:
1041:
461:
343:
334:) of Amami, and 931.9 square kilometres (359.8 sq mi) constitute the district (
2183:
2169:
2006:
1966:
1913:
1880:
1846:
1840:
1630:
1483:
1182:
949:
938:
706:
698:
694:
690:
575:
255:
1551:
2458:
2045:
2024:
with intervals 1-1-1.5-1-1.5 (the same as the Greek pentatonic scale). Singers use a
1970:
1742:
934:
843:
730:
674:
666:
505:
126:
2293:
1845:
Idiolects spoken in a large part of the Amami Islands are collectively known as the
749:
map of the islands from October 1944, depicting intelligence for a possible invasion
2177:
2155:
1825:
1659:
1188:
929:
Movement, which had started immediately after the separation, became stronger. The
832:
770:
754:
702:
580:
544:
1403:
686:
622:
in 1185, fled to Amami Ōshima. The historical accuracy of this claim is unknown.
535:
in 714. All of these are believed to be identical to the current Amami. The tenth
614:
battled each other to expand their territories. Local folklore states that some
1409:
794:
473:
457:
390:
247:
1477:
991:
In 2001, there was a small naval exchange between North Korea and Japan in the
2445:
2145:
2090:
910:
813:
615:
2356:
The Return of the Amami Islands: The Reversion Movement and U.S.-Japan Relati
1951:
1784:
1598:
1584:
1525:
1511:
1451:
1437:
1377:
1363:
1303:
1289:
1229:
1215:
1156:
1142:
1083:
1069:
104:
91:
2163:
1931:
1925:
1872:, they are often not mutually intelligible between each other and Japanese.
1557:
1261:
1115:
953:
836:
791:
670:
1035:
2086:
2025:
1993:
305:
64:
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exist, and the people worship according to the native religious norms.
1335:
808:
802:
678:
358:
217:
2108:-FM has a repeater, but there is a local community FM station as well.
1255:
1109:
925:, in which "local leaders" were appointed by the American government.
778:
586:
465:
259:
17:
1329:
2097:
2037:
1962:
740:
578:, this resulted in the development of a nobility class called the
267:
216:
898:
was founded, formed by local leaders. It changed its name to the
2111:
There are two local newspapers in the Amami Islands, namely the
1936:
means "island" in Japanese, it means "community" in Amami. Thus
884:
that the islands were an integral part of Kagoshima Prefecture.
550:
Among locals, this prehistoric period is called the Amami period
753:
Ryukyu's direct control lasted just over 170 years. Trade with
2105:
384:
2441:
Amami Wordlist at the Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database
2427:
2410:
1908:
is affected not only by standard Japanese, but also by the
2435:
2418:
304:
was also used. The name of Amami is probably cognate with
988:
criticized as causing unnecessary destruction of nature.
2402:
2247:. Geospatial Information Agency of Japan. Archived from
2216:. Geospatial Information Agency of Japan. Archived from
919:
United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands
270:. The Geospatial Information Authority of Japan and the
889:
Provisional Government of the Northern Ryukyu Islands
201:
193:
188:
178:
164:
156:
148:
140:
132:
120:
83:
78:
42:
2180:, a rabbit endemic to Amami Ōshima and Tokunoshima
2082:started satellite schooling in the city of Amami.
1940:literally means "communities' songs". Singers of
2340:National Geospatial Intelligence Agency (NGIA).
1864:. Although the Ryukyuan languages belong to the
1770:Map all coordinates in "Amami Islands" using
274:agreed on February 15, 2010, to use the name of
1856:These dialects and languages all belong to the
968:
855:
722:
642:
559:
342:with a height of 694 metres (2,277 ft) on
290:
275:
237:
2067:The regional commercial center is the city of
1889:
1747:
1721:
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1635:
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1120:
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849:
716:
636:
553:
528:
515:
496:
483:
310:
297:
282:
231:
47:
2342:Prostar Sailing Directions 2005 Japan Enroute
1879:common speech among Amami people under 60 is
806:bought from Ryukyu, and folk songs sung with
8:
1904:), the Okinawan equivalent used in Okinawa.
37:
30:"Amami" redirects here. For other uses, see
823:, the Amami Islands were incorporated into
419:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2287:
2285:
2283:
1002:
797:, which often resulted in severe famines.
373:and 62,891 were in the district of Oshima-
63:
36:
2327:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2009. 30-48.
2294:"Examining the Myth of Ryukyuan Pacifism"
1924:The local folk songs in Amami are called
959:This period is called the American period
677:Okinawa. Okinoerabu and Yoron fell under
477:contains an entry dated 657 referring to
439:Learn how and when to remove this message
262:. Administratively, the group belongs to
144:1,240.28 km (478.87 sq mi)
2325:The Samurai Capture a King: Okinawa 1609
2312:The Samurai Capture a King: Okinawa 1609
995:, which resulted in a Japanese victory.
2200:
1764:
1011:
1005:
842:This period, until 1945, is called the
2211:was standardized on February 15, 2010.
460:from 6,000 years ago, affected by the
338:) of Oshima. The highest elevation is
289:for the Amami Islands. Prior to that,
2314:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2009. 9.
2292:Smits, Gregory (September 13, 2010).
1853:centered on Northern Okinawa Island.
7:
2268:
2266:
417:adding citations to reliable sources
2380:The Most Daring Raid of the Samurai
2485:Archipelagoes of the Pacific Ocean
27:Island group within Ryukyu Islands
25:
2013:of Ab, C, Db, Eb, G - that is, a
713:This period is called Naha period
317:, the goddess of creation in the
2382:. Rosen Publishing Group (2011)
2162:
2148:
1709:
1652:
1623:
1550:
1476:
1402:
1328:
1254:
1181:
1108:
1034:
923:Government of the Ryukyu Islands
584:, who resided in castles called
389:
2470:Islands of Kagoshima Prefecture
2344:. Prostar Publications (2005).
1896:. The speech is different from
882:American occupation authorities
757:China, which flourished in the
629:period is sometimes called the
1:
2421:, Amami folk song distributor
2230:Prior to that, another name,
1988:. Some believe that the word
705:, which was invaded in 1466.
456:Islanders started to produce
352:Köppen climate classification
2358:ons. Levington Books (2004)
2036:Each community has multiple
2274:"History Overview of Amami"
1800:GPX (secondary coordinates)
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856:
723:
643:
560:
541:Imperial embassies to China
291:
276:
238:
2501:
1965:as well, examples include
1838:
869:
29:
1894:, lit. "Potato standard")
1890:
1795:GPX (primary coordinates)
1765:
1748:
1722:
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1563:
1489:
1415:
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1047:
963:
850:
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637:
618:members, having lost the
554:
529:
516:
497:
484:
348:humid subtropical climate
311:
298:
283:
232:
221:Location of Amami Islands
169:
152:694 m (2277 ft)
74:
62:
48:
2411:Nankainichinichi Shimbun
2298:The Asia-Pacific Journal
2114:Nankainichinichi Shimbun
1996:'s 1992 hit song called
1778:Download coordinates as:
979:After reversion to Japan
872:Amami reversion movement
547:China via Amami Ōshima.
1858:Northern Ryukyuan group
946:Treaty of San Francisco
254:, which is part of the
2475:Archipelagoes of Japan
2234:(奄美諸島), was also used.
1957:(lit. "singer"). Some
1599:27.04444°N 128.41722°E
1526:27.36889°N 128.56667°E
1452:27.82000°N 128.93222°E
1378:28.02722°N 129.23944°E
1304:28.04417°N 129.16389°E
1230:28.12472°N 129.24472°E
1157:29.31694°N 129.93944°E
1084:28.32639°N 129.37472°E
993:Battle of Amami-Ōshima
900:Amami Gunto Government
759:Azuchi-Momoyama period
750:
701:and conquered all but
319:Ryukyuan creation myth
258:, and is southwest of
222:
149:Highest elevation
32:Amami (disambiguation)
1790:GPX (all coordinates)
937:after the example of
931:Amami Communist Party
814:names of Amami people
744:
657:Eventually the Amami
220:
69:Coast of Amami Oshima
2080:Kagoshima University
2028:voice when singing.
829:Kagoshima Prefecture
767:launched an invasion
620:Battle of Dan-no-ura
413:improve this section
264:Kagoshima Prefecture
2378:Turnbull, Stephen.
2323:Turnbull, Stephen.
2310:Turnbull, Stephen.
2007:Okinawan folk songs
1898:Uchinaa-Yamatuguchi
1604:27.04444; 128.41722
1594: /
1531:27.36889; 128.56667
1521: /
1457:27.82000; 128.93222
1447: /
1383:28.02722; 129.23944
1373: /
1309:28.04417; 129.16389
1299: /
1235:28.12472; 129.24472
1225: /
1162:29.31694; 129.93944
1152: /
1089:28.32639; 129.37472
1079: /
956:present to Japan".
819:In 1871, after the
346:. The climate is a
101: /
39:
2300:. p. 37-3-10.
1862:Ryukyuan languages
1686:Eniyabanare Island
878:surrender of Japan
784:Tokugawa shogunate
751:
539:mission (Japanese
223:
157:Highest point
105:28.267°N 129.350°E
2388:978-1-4488-1872-3
2276:. March 20, 2013.
1910:Kagoshima dialect
1902:Okinawan Japanese
1851:Kunigami language
1822:Sakishima Islands
1812:
1811:
821:Meiji Restoration
763:Shimazu Tadatsune
501:, "Amami people")
488:, "Amami Island")
449:
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272:Japan Coast Guard
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16:(Redirected from
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2245:"『奄美群島』を決定地名に採用"
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2214:"『奄美群島』を決定地名に採用"
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2040:shrines for the
2011:pentatonic scale
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827:, and then into
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665:paid tribute to
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2251:on 31 July 2012
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2220:on 31 July 2012
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2104:stations, only
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1949:
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1717:Yubanare Island
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1881:Amami Japanese
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1847:Amami language
1841:Amami language
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699:Tokara Islands
695:Ryukyu Kingdom
691:Okinawa Island
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38:Amami Islands
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2297:
2253:. Retrieved
2249:the original
2239:
2231:
2222:. Retrieved
2218:the original
2208:
2203:
2178:Amami rabbit
2156:Japan portal
2125:
2112:
2073:Amami Ōshima
2056:
2049:
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2019:
2014:
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1826:Amami people
1818:
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1660:Sukomobanare
1430:Inokawadake
1241:Kakeromajima
1189:Kakeromajima
1095:Amami Ōshima
1042:Amami Ōshima
1029:Coordinates
990:
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833:World War II
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503:in 682. The
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452:Amami period
435:
429:January 2014
426:
411:Please help
399:
374:
370:
368:
354:
344:Amami Ōshima
339:
335:
331:
328:
239:
226:
224:
189:Demographics
171:
54:
2255:23 November
2232:Amami shotō
2224:23 November
2209:Amami-guntō
2130: [
2117: [
2020:anhemitonic
1982: [
1950: [
1944:are called
1930:. Although
1906:Ton-futsūgo
1885:Ton-futsūgo
1868:along with
1602: /
1589:128°25′02″E
1529: /
1516:128°34′00″E
1463:Tokunoshima
1455: /
1442:128°55′56″E
1410:Tokunoshima
1381: /
1368:129°14′22″E
1307: /
1294:129°09′50″E
1282:Okachiyama
1233: /
1220:129°14′41″E
1160: /
1147:129°56′22″E
1087: /
1074:129°22′29″E
903: [
892: [
795:monoculture
733:of Ryukyu.
653:Naha period
610:. Stronger
598:in Kasari,
596:Beru Castle
522:in 699 and
479:Amami-shima
474:Nihon Shoki
458:earthenware
292:Amami-shotō
277:Amami-guntō
248:archipelago
240:Amami-guntō
180:Prefectures
122:Adjacent to
108: /
84:Coordinates
55:Amami-guntō
2459:Categories
2446:Japan Mint
2374:0674035771
2364:0739107100
2350:1577856511
2190:References
2091:television
2085:There are
1961:also sing
1608: (
1586:27°02′40″N
1535: (
1513:27°22′08″N
1461: (
1439:27°49′12″N
1387: (
1365:28°01′38″N
1313: (
1291:28°02′39″N
1239: (
1217:28°07′29″N
1166: (
1144:29°19′01″N
1093: (
1071:28°19′35″N
1062:Yuwandake
1019:Population
970:Amerika-yo
911:Miyakojima
876:After the
870:See also:
857:Yamatun'yu
837:airstrikes
731:major port
616:Taira clan
570:Aji period
509:refers to
492:Amami-bito
365:Population
194:Population
2207:The name
2195:Citations
2087:repeaters
2015:hemitonic
1999:Shima Uta
1990:shima uta
1979:Anna Sato
1963:pop songs
1942:shima uta
1938:shima uta
1927:shima uta
1610:Yoronjima
1558:Yoronjima
1315:Mageshima
1262:Yoroshima
1168:Kikaijima
1116:Kikaijima
954:Christmas
831:. During
792:sugarcane
786:in 1624.
687:Shō Hashi
594:included
590:. Famous
537:kentō-shi
400:does not
340:Yuwandake
325:Geography
184:Kagoshima
160:Yuwandake
79:Geography
2428:Amami FM
2142:See also
2124:and the
2100:. Among
2032:Religion
2026:falsetto
2009:use the
1994:The Boom
1912:and the
1877:de facto
1870:Japanese
1835:Language
724:Nahan'yu
689:unified
608:Wadomari
359:typhoons
306:Amamikyu
210:Japanese
206:Ryukyuan
96:129°21′E
2335:Sources
2058:style.
1860:of the
1815:Culture
1498:15,000
1424:27,000
1421:247.77
1389:Ukejima
1336:Ukejima
1056:73,000
1053:712.35
999:Islands
917:). The
915:Yaeyama
809:sanshin
803:awamori
679:Hokuzan
644:Ajin'yu
561:Aman'yu
421:removed
406:sources
381:History
250:in the
93:28°16′N
2386:
2372:
2362:
2348:
2062:Region
2005:While
1977:, and
1959:utasha
1947:utasha
1572:6,000
1504:Ōyama
1501:246.0
1495:93.63
1356:Ōyama
1347:13.35
1200:77.39
1133:214.0
1130:7,657
1127:56.93
913:, and
846:period
844:Yamato
779:daikan
761:, led
671:Chūzan
633:period
627:gusuku
602:, and
592:gusuku
587:gusuku
466:Kyushu
260:Kyushu
246:is an
2134:]
2121:]
2098:radio
2069:Amami
2038:utaki
2022:scale
1986:]
1975:Rikki
1954:]
1933:shima
1920:Music
1891:トン普通語
1692:江仁屋離島
1666:須子茂離島
1569:20.8
1490:沖永良部島
1273:9.35
1203:1600
1195:加計呂麻島
1012:Kanji
1006:Photo
964:アメリカ世
907:]
896:]
771:Shuri
625:This
600:Amami
524:Amami
511:Amami
268:Japan
172:Japan
18:Amami
2384:ISBN
2370:ISBN
2360:ISBN
2346:ISBN
2257:2011
2226:2011
2093:and
2051:noro
1637:枝手久島
1427:645
1353:400
1350:200
1279:297
1276:140
1206:314
1059:694
1048:奄美大島
1026:Peak
1015:Area
1009:Name
944:The
667:Eiso
498:阿麻弥人
404:any
402:cite
336:-gun
332:-shi
312:阿摩美久
299:奄美諸島
284:奄美群島
233:奄美群島
225:The
141:Area
49:奄美群島
2106:NHK
2089:of
2071:on
1785:KML
1749:木山島
1723:夕離島
1575:98
1564:与論島
1416:徳之島
1268:与路島
1122:喜界島
851:大和世
747:CIA
718:那覇世
683:Aji
673:in
663:aji
659:aji
638:按司世
631:Aji
612:aji
606:in
581:aji
555:奄美世
485:海見嶋
464:in
415:by
375:gun
371:shi
355:Cfa
2461::
2448::
2296:.
2282:^
2265:^
2132:ja
2119:ja
2102:FM
2095:AM
1984:ja
1973:,
1969:,
1952:ja
1916:.
1342:請島
975:.
967:,
941:.
905:ja
894:ja
862:.
854:,
839:.
773:.
721:,
649:.
641:,
566:.
558:,
530:奄美
517:菴美
377:.
361:.
321:.
266:,
236:,
208:,
2259:.
2228:.
2137:.
2075:.
1900:(
1888:(
1612:)
1539:)
1465:)
1391:)
1317:)
1243:)
1170:)
1097:)
973:)
961:(
860:)
848:(
727:)
715:(
647:)
635:(
564:)
552:(
533:)
527:(
520:)
514:(
495:(
482:(
442:)
436:(
431:)
427:(
423:.
409:.
350:(
330:(
315:)
309:(
302:)
296:(
287:)
281:(
244:)
230:(
34:.
20:)
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