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Almighty Hashem, Himself. The other, is Amalek: his guardian angel is the foremost angel of evil, Satan. Therefore, Amalek worships Samael HaSatan, the
Prosecutor. The final war therefore, will be fought between the Children of Hashem, and the children of Hasatan, between Good and Evil. This is possibly why the 188th commandment exists, to wipe out Amalek completely, male and female, young and old, sparing none. "Evil has no future. This is the lesson of Amalek." There is however, one obscure prophecy that states that all nations will eventually worship Hashem as the only God, which begs the question, if Amalek is wiped out, how can they possibly be at the 3rd and final Temple? The Midrash states there is no quandry, the last Amalekite is a convert to Judaism. Reference: THE MIDRASH SAYS, Copyright 1980 Rabbi Moshe Weissman, Brooklyn, NY. Benei Yakov Publications 1742 E.7th St. Brooklyn, NY 11223.
31:
229:
215:. She replied she would rather be a handmaiden to the dregs of Israel than be a mistress of another gentile nation. To punish the Patriarchs for their attitudes, Timna birthed Amalek, whose descendants would cause Israel much distress. Amalek was also the product of an incestuous union since Eliphaz was Timna's stepfather, according to 1 Chronicles 1:36, after he committed adultery with the wife of Seir the Horite, who was Timna's biological father. First-century Roman-Jewish scholar and historian
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1039:, Elliot Horowitz, and Josef Stern suggest that the Amalekites represent an "eternally irreconciliable enemy" that wants to murder Jews. In post-biblical times, Jews associated contemporary enemies with Amalek or Haman and, occasionally, believed pre-emptive violence is acceptable against such enemies. Groups identified with Amalek include the
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man, woman, infant and suckling. This massacre is believed to be a retelling of the raids in 1 Samuel 14:48, although it additionally specifies that it occurred in the "city of Amalek", which was believed to be the "principal place of arms" or the "metropolis" of Amalek. In 1 Samuel 15:33, Samuel identifies king
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and
Gezirite allies. He kills every man and woman but takes sheep, cattle, donkey, camels and clothing. These Amalekites were theorized to be refugees who fled from Saul or a separate Amalekite faction that dwelt to the south of Israel. Gili Kluger believes these narratives were anti-Saul propaganda,
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In 1 Samuel 15:1–9, Samuel identifies Amalek as the enemy of
Israelites, saying "Thus says the Lord of hosts: I will punish Amalek for what he did to Israel, how he ambushed him on the way when he came up from Egypt," a reference to Exodus. God then commands Saul to destroy the Amalekites, by killing
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In Psalm 83:7, Amalek joins Israel's other historic enemies in annihilating Israel. Their attempts are thwarted by God. Although most scholars believe the passage refers to a real historical event, they are unsure which event it should be identified with. One likely answer is that it occurred during
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Professor Philip
Jenkins notes that Christian extremists have historically labelled enemies such as Native Americans, Protestants, Catholics and Tutsis as Amalekites to justify their genocides. Jews and victims of the Crusades were also called Amalekites. Because of this, modern Christian scholars
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such as "man and woman" and Near
Easterners valued "bravado and exaggeration" when reporting warfare. Kluger believes this is an earnest attempt to absolve the Israelites, and their God, of moral responsibility. Nonetheless, she argues Copan's interpretation still "normalizes mass violence" and
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commands existed to prevent the Jewish community from being endangered but believes people should think twice before literally following them. Nathan Lopes
Cardazo argues that the Torah's ethically questionable laws were intentional since they were a result of God working with an underdeveloped
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and not in present times; this limitation is widely supported by medieval authorities. RELIGION OF AMALEK: According to the
Midrash, every nation on Earth has a guardian angel overseeing its destiny. Two nations are unique. Israel rejected the Archangel Michael as its guardian, in favor of G-d
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in retribution for "what Amalek did to on the way as were coming out of Egypt", a reference to the
Amalekite ambush on the Israelites at Rephidim. Earlier, in Deuteronomy 7:1–16 and Deuteronomy 25:16–18, they are commanded to utterly destroy all the inhabitants of the idolatrous cities in the
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concluded that there were no
Amalekites and that the Biblical stories concerning them were entirely ahistorical and mythological. Although archaeological research has improved knowledge about nomadic Arabs, no specific artifact or site has been linked to Amalek with certainty.
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commands were not uncommon in the ancient Near East. Their purpose was to show that the deity was on the aggressor's side and that the enemy deserved said deity's wrath for their "sins". It also allowed kings to pursue militarist policies without taking moral responsibility.
862:, have Amalekite connections. If this hypothesis is correct, it is likely that Saul's anti-Amalekite campaigns were motivated by a strategic desire to wrest control of copper production at Tel Masos. Copper was valuable to the early Israelites and their theology and ritual.
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commands to be an exceptional component to
Israelite and Judahite warfare since they were erratically applied, even in the early stages of national and ethnic identity formation. They were an extreme means to eradicate the threat of chaos. Similar attitudes were held by
805:. However, she notes that the Hebrew Bible is surprisingly neutral when describing the Amalekites and that the texts do not provide an adequate explanation on why they were singled out for complete annihilation, compared to the Egyptians and Canaanites for example.
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Adam J. Silverstein observes that most of the medieval Muslim world ignored the Book of Esther or modified its details, despite their familiarity with the Persian Jewish community. This was caused by their attempt to reconcile the Biblical Esther with the
1125:. This was because Haman was considered to be an Amalekite although this label is more likely to be symbolic rather than literal. Some Iranophilic Jews interpreted Haman's Amalekite background as being anathema to both Jews and 'pure-blooded Iranians'.
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No reference to Amalek or the Amalekites has been found in surviving Egyptian and Assyrian monumental inscriptions and records, even though both groups recorded various tribes and peoples of the Levant in the relevant time period(s). Therefore,
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watch from a nearby hill. When Moses' hands holding his staff are raised, the Israelites prevail, but when his hands are lowered, the Israelites falter. He sits with his hands held up by Aaron and Hur until sunset, securing the Israelite
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said that the Israeli government was "committed to completely eliminating this evil from the world", and he also stated: "You must remember what Amalek has done to you, says our Holy Bible. And we do remember". At an argument to the
1006:, concerning Balaam's utterance: "Amalek was the first one of the nations, but his end afterward will be even his perishing", Richard Watson attempts to associate this passage to the "first one of the nations" that developed
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presented the comments as inciting genocide against the Palestinian people. Netanyahu denied that was his intention, stating the South African accusation reflected a "deep historical ignorance" since he was referring to
1299:, some Israeli politicians and extremists have compared Palestinians to Amalek, stated that the Palestinians are the Amalekites or accuse Arabs of exhibiting "behavior" that is "typical" of Amalekites.
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Amalek is described in Genesis 36:16 as the "chief of Amalek" among the "chiefs of the sons of Esau", from which it is surmised that he ruled a clan or territory named after him. In the oracle of
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were equivalent to the Hamite-Arabian Amalekites described by Muslim scholars. He argues the Amalekites were always allied with the Canaanites who descended from Ham, were conquered by the
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fortress and Horvat Haluqim in the Negev, dated to the late 11th to early 10th century BC, could corroborate with the Biblical Israelite-Amalekite confrontations, during the reigns of
30:
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Other Talmudic commentators argued that the calls to spare no Amalekite or "blot out their memory" were metaphorical and did not require the actual killing of Amalekites. Rabbi
1281:, Israel's memorial to the Holocaust, features the phrase on a banner, and in letters between European Jews during the Holocaust, they plead with each other to "bear witness".
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and later, supplanted their population. However, the paganism of the Amalekites and other Arabian tribes negatively influenced the Ishmaelites, including their approach to the
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Hunter, Alastair G. (2003). "Denominating Amalek: Racist stereotyping in the Bible and the Justification of Discrimination". In Bekkenkamp, Jonneke; Sherwood, Yvonne (eds.).
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passages literally. He states that "there is practically no historical evidence that anyone in the Great Church" viewed them as being purely an allegory. In particular,
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The Jewish encyclopedia: a descriptive record of the history, religion, literature, and customs of the Jewish people from the earliest times to the present day
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471:. The Amalekite claims he euthanized Saul, at Saul's request, and removed his crown. David gives orders to his men to kill the Amalekite for killing the
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Stern, Josef (2004). "Maimonides on Amalek, Self-Corrective Mechanisms, and the War against Idolatry"". In Hartman, David; Malino, Jonathan W. (eds.).
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252:, Amalek was called the "first of the nations". One modern scholar believes this attests to Amalek's high antiquity, while traditional commentator
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have re-examined the Biblical narratives that inspired these atrocities using philology, literary analysis, archaeology and historical evidence.
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320:'s agricultural zone. This is probably based on the association of this tribal group with the steppe region of ancient Israel and the area of
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Kluger believes that the extermination verses can be explained by the Israelites seeing the Amalekites as their "unwelcome brother" and the "
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Some commentators have discussed the ethics of the commandment to exterminate all the Amalekites, including children, and the presumption of
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allies, defeat Israel so that the Moabites could oppress them. Judges 10:11–13 confirms Amalek as being one of the many oppressors of Israel.
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passages allegorically; Hofreiter argues that although Origen prioritized a spiritual interpretation of the Bible, he did not deny that the
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that 'raises his hand against the throne of God, his tabernacle and his saints'. He believes the phrase "from generation to generation" in
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ruled that the commandment only applies to a Jewish king or an organized community, and cannot be performed by an individual. According to
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1113:. It is customary for the audience to make noise and shout whenever "Haman" is mentioned, in order to desecrate his name, based on
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By the 19th century, many Western theologians believed that the nation of Amalek could have flourished before the time of Abraham.
888:. Oval fortresses were built during the relevant timeframe. However, other scholars argue that these settlements were inhabited by
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of Amalek as an enemy and killer, saying "As your sword has made women childless, so shall your mother be childless among women."
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801:", possessing all the negative qualities that the Israelites inherently saw within themselves, which Kluger sees as a form of
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413:", inducing a famine. They also help the Midianites wage wars against Israel, according to Judges 6:32–34 and Judges 7:11–13.
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3134:"Shabbat Zachor: "Remember what Amalek did to you!" But why did he do it? Can we reconcile with our eternal sworn enemies?"
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Maimonides elaborates that when the Jewish people wage war against Amalek, they must request the Amalekites to accept the
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Remember Amalek!: Vengeance, Zealotry, and Group Destruction in the Bible according to Philo, Pseudo-Philo, and Josephus
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617:, the Amalekites were sorcerers who could transform themselves to resemble animals, in order to avoid capture. Thus, in
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Some commentators claim that this passage is a reference to the territory which was later inhabited by the Amalekites.
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In Numbers 14:45, the Amalekites and Canaanites kill a group of Israelites that tried to enter the hill country of the
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According to Christian Hofreiter, almost all Christian authorities and theologians have historically interpreted the
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movement see Arabs as the "Amalek of today". One reason includes the belief that Amalek is any nation that prevents
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3534:"'Amalek's Accomplices' Blaming Zionism for the Holocaust: Anti-Zionist Ultra-Orthodoxy in Israel during the 1980s"
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1082:. This is sometimes known as the "Amalekite doctrine". In contemporary times, religious Jews associate Amalek with
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said that God would perform the elimination of Amalek and that Jews only need to remember what Amalek did to them.
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As a people, the Amalekites are identified throughout the Hebrew Bible as a recurrent enemy of the Israelites:
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2935:"Masseboth Shrine at Horvat Haluqim: Amalekites in the Negev Highlands-Sinai Region? Evaluating the Evidence"
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In 1 Chronicles 4:43, the Simeonites kill the remaining survivors of Amalek and live in their settlements.
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2885:"Tel Masos: Its Importance in Relation to the Settlement of the Tribes of Israel in the Northern Negev,"
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960:, and that the Edomites never rescued these Amalekites from Saul's campaigns due to inter-tribal feuds.
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European Journal of Sociology / Archives Européennes de Sociologie / Europäisches Archiv für Soziologie
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689:, due to their 'accursed' nature and the threat they posed to the commonwealth of surrounding nations.
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3229:"Unmasking Purim, Fighting Amalek: Behind the whimsy of this holiday lie some deep lessons for living"
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led a successful mission against the Amalekites to recover "all that the Amalekites had carried away".
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said that the command was to destroy "the remembrance of Amalek" rather than actual Amalekites. The
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1587:"Abraham in Islamic Perspective Reflections on the Development of Monotheism in Pre-Islamic Arabia"
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927:, the "field of the Amalekites" is mentioned, but the person who is named Amalek was not born yet.
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enumerated several speculative reasons for the existence of a "more ancient Amalek" than Abraham.
915:. "Agag" may have been the hereditary name of the Amalekite kings. The one depicted was killed by
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derives three commandments, two positive and one negative, related to references to Amalek in the
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3739:
3720:"Metaphysical Hatred and Sacred Genocide: The Questionable Role of Amalek in Biblical Literature"
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1196:. Likewise, Charles Ellicott notes that the Amalekites were collectively called 'the sinners' in
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In 2 Samuel 1:5–10, an Amalekite tells David that he found Saul leaning on his spear after the
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deported and mixed the nations, so it is no longer possible to determine who is an Amalekite.
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3604:"Harsh Israeli rhetoric against Palestinians becomes central to South Africa's genocide case"
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3155:"ISIS a Reenactment of Biblical War Between Israel and the Amalekites, Military Analysts Say"
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2330:"Netanyahu rejects South Africa's claim that his quote about 'Amalek' was a call to genocide"
2252:(Commentary to Exodus 17:16), Sefer HaYereim (435), Hagahot Maimoniyot (Hilchot Melachim 5:5)
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designed to make him appear weak compared to David, since no losses were attributed to David.
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3689:(David Noel Freedman, Allen C. Myers, Astrid B. Beck ed.). Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing.
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War and Ethics in the Ancient Near East: Military Violence in Light of Cosmology and History
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Islamic commentators believe the Amalekites were an ancient Arabian tribe. The monotheistic
884:. They lived in tents, rode camels, participated in the copper trade and worshipped gods at
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interpreted the command as fully hating Amalek, without performing any physical action. The
621:, it was considered necessary to destroy the livestock when destroying Amalek. According to
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and the best livestock of the Amalekites in 1 Samuel 15 in defiance of these commandments.
325:
309:
3572:"Netanyahu invokes 'Amalek' narrative in speech about expanding ground operation in Gaza"
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Eynei Kol Ḥai, 73, on Sanhedrin 96b. Also Minchat Chinuch, parshat Ki Tetze, mitzvah 434.
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Some Arabian stories mention an Arab tribe called "Amaliq" that existed at the time of
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Veiling Esther, Unveiling Her Story: The Reception of a Biblical Book in Islamic Lands
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Is God a Vindictive Bully? Reconciling Portrayals of God in the Old and New Testaments
3930:
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3586:"PM's office says it's 'preposterous' to say his invoking Amalek was a genocide call"
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203:, Timna was a princess who tried to convert to Judaism. However, she was rejected by
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Making Sense of Old Testament Genocide: Christian Interpretations of Herem Passages
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Rabbis generally agree that Amalekites no longer exist, based on the argument that
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143:, 'a people who lick (blood)', but most scholars regard the origin to be unknown.
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It is possible that some of the fortified settlements in the Negev highlands and
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state that the Amalekites were extinct by the second half of Hezekiah's reign.
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and pay a tax to the Jewish kingdom. If they refuse, they are to be executed.
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theorized that the Amalekites were not the descendants of Amalek by taking a
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1258:, who affirmed the Amalekite origins of Haman and his antisemitic vendetta.
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1014:, the Amalekites were the "first" in their hostility toward the Israelites.
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109:. The name "Amalek" can refer to the descendants of Amalek, the grandson of
3798:
The Punishment of Amalek in Jewish Tradition: Coping with the Moral Problem
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Sanctified aggression: legacies of biblical and post-biblical vocabularies
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2547:
Copan, Paul (Fall 2010). "How Could God Command Killing the Canaanites?".
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identified Palestinians as the descendants of the ancient Amalekites and
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889:
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301:) were claimed to be Amalek's descendants through the genealogy of Esau.
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Britt, Brian; Lipton, Diana; Soltes, Ori Z.; Walfish, Barry Dov (2010).
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2747:
2706:"Ethical Criticism of the Bible: The Case of Divinely Mandated Genocide"
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The Bible's Top Fifty Ideas: The essential concepts everyone should know
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In Deuteronomy 25:17–19, The Israelites are specifically commanded to "
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164:"Amalekites" redirects here. For Amalekites in the Book of Mormon, see
153:
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3759:(3rd and corr. print. ed.). Macon, Ga.: Mercer University Press.
1192:, where Amalek and other antichristian states are exterminated by the
3384:
Laying Down the Sword: Why We Can't Ignore the Bible's Violent Verses
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Amalek is the archetypal enemy of the Jews and the symbol of evil in
939:
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25:17, 19 – "Remember what Amalek has done to you ... do not forget."
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3273:. Vol. 6. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. p. 189–190.
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Introduction to positive commandments, Beer Mayim Hayim, letter Alef
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Not to forget the wicked deeds which Amalek perpetrated against us
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states: "He came before all of them to make war with Israel". The
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29:
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A discussion with R. Eliezer Breitowitz & Dr. Elliott Malamet
3883:- Amalek symbolism in relations between Israelis and Palestinians
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the rise of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, the 9th to 7th centuries BC.
3078:
Judaism and modernity: the religious philosophy of David Hartman
1399:
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is read in commemoration of the salvation of Jewish people from
975:. However, the modern biblical scholar Gerald L. Mattingly uses
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870:
418:
395:
381:
176:
126:
110:
3812:
Israeli PM invokes the Amalek in the context of the war on Gaza
3287:"Amalek and the amalekites in the ancient christian literature"
3069:
Imperial Israel and the Palestinians: the politics of expansion
2748:"Religion, nationalism and genocide: ancient Judaism revisited"
1545:
A Genealogy of Evil: Anti-Semitism from Nazism to Islamic Jihad
934:
elaborates this concept by making a comparison: one might say "
137:
In some rabbinical interpretations, Amalek is etymologised as
2918:"A Metallurgical Perspective on the Birth of Ancient Israel,"
2524:
Is God a Moral Monster? Making Sense of the Old Testament God
1721:. Honolulu: University Press of the Pacific. pp. 77–79.
766:, the king of Israel, to depose the Amalekites, which caused
724:
have defended a literal reading of these passages at length.
667:
to help humanity evolve in their understanding of the Torah.
220:
138:
96:
3089:. Continuum International Publishing Group. pp. 99–105.
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to be defensive warfare since the Amalekites were invaders.
304:
According to the Hebrew Bible, the Amalekites inhabited the
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and his men conduct raids against the Amalekites and their
372:
promised land and their livestock; scripture purports that
287:
281:
275:
70:
64:
3800:, Harvard Theological Review Vol.87, No.3, p. 323-46.
3444:"The Dangerous History Behind Netanyahu's Amalek Rhetoric"
2651:
The Ethics of War: Shared problems in different traditions
1568:
M. Weippert, Semitische Nomaden des zweiten Jahrtausends.
1379:
allegations of genocide in the 2023 Israeli attack on Gaza
1510:
1508:
1506:
1504:
436:
According to 1 Samuel 30:1–2, the Amalekites invaded the
269:
58:
3515:
Defining Israel:The Jewish State, Democracy, and the Law
3259:
Hirsch, Emil; Seligsohn, M.; Schechter, Solomon (1904).
2621:
Divine Command Ethics: Jewish and Christian perspectives
2430:"1 Samuel 15: Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers"
1978:"1 Samuel 15: Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers"
786:. It has also been described as genocidal, according to
3824:
Amalek, Based on the teachings of the Lubavitcher Rebbe
3475:
Reckless Rites: Purim and the Legacy of Jewish Violence
3339:"1 Samuel 15 Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers"
3105:
Reckless Rites: Purim and the Legacy of Jewish Violence
3007:
3005:
2452:"1 Samuel 14: Henry's Complete Commentary on the Bible"
1719:
A Dictionary of the Bible: Volume I (Part I: A – Cyrus)
1525:
1523:
956:, existed before the Edomite Amalekites thus affirming
316:
or seminomadic lifestyle along the fringes of southern
1773:
1771:
728:
of Alexandria is sometimes cited as having viewed the
2863:(2004 reprint ed.). Cornell University Library.
2047:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2039:
512:. The text at the side (in Dutch and Hebrew) is from
293:
284:
171:
According to the Hebrew Bible, Amalek was the son of
73:
3181:"Destroying Amalek: Removing Doubt & Insecurity"
1173:) to defeat the demonic Strong Man, as described in
746:
commands were hyperbolic since the passages contain
365:
blot out the remembrance of Amalek from under heaven
290:
278:
67:
27:
Nation and a character described in the Hebrew Bible
3956:
Phrases related to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict
3846:
Latznu: Popular Culture and the Disciples of Amalek
3206:"Esther 3 Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges"
2587:
2585:
2583:
339:, the Amalekites ambush the Israelites encamped at
272:
266:
61:
55:
3635:. London: K. Paul, Trench, & Company. p.
1655:"Timna, concubine of Eliphaz: Midrash and Aggadah"
942:", though Gaul only later became known as France.
3361:"1 Chronicles 4 Keil and Delitzsch OT Commentary"
2248:(Sefer Hamitzvot, end of positive commandments),
1651:For an Rabbanic explanation of Timna lineage see
1357:groups consider Zionists to be Amalekites due to
1273:Since the Holocaust, the phrase as it appears in
351:to lead the Israelites into battle, while Moses,
156:, but it is not clear if this is the same tribe.
1548:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 43, 244.
877:. Bruins discovered that their inhabitants were
3061:
3059:
2264:, 1 Samuel 15:3 commentary, The Rubin Edition,
1580:
1578:
1341:are not related to Amalekites and prior to the
1161:. Origen sees the battle as an allegory of the
3829:Remember Amalek: A lesson in Divine Providence
1307:of our generation" by 200 rabbis. Many in the
475:king, believing him to be guilty by admission.
113:, or anyone who lived in their territories in
3851:Antiquities of the Jews - by Josephus Flavius
2501:. Oxford University Press. pp. 247–248.
2147:. Engelwood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1990.
1659:The Shalvi/Hyman Encyclopedia of Jewish Women
679:explains that the Amalekites were subject to
596:To constantly remember what Amalek did to us
460:and taking its citizens away into captivity.
8:
3468:
3466:
3464:
3080:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. pp. 360–362.
2664:Rogerson, John William; Carroll, M. Daniel.
2323:
2321:
1761:Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary
1492:
1490:
1474:
1472:
1463:Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary
1180:John Gill believes that Amalek is a type of
452:border area towards the end of the reign of
3200:
3198:
2666:Theory and Practice in Old Testament Ethics
2598:. Oxford University Press. pp. 39–63.
581:"You shall blot out the memory of Amalek" (
409:allies, destroy Israelite farms "as far as
3509:
3507:
2406:Cardazo, Nathan Lopes (October 19, 2016).
2315:, Hilchot Melachim uMilchamot, 6:1 and 6:4
685:in the Book of Samuel for the purposes of
663:world. He believes that God appointed the
2901:
2683:. Oxford University Press. pp. 8–9.
2495:Hofreiter, Christian (16 February 2018).
1514:
367:" once they have taken possession of the
1434:Xenophobia and racism in the Middle East
1200:, which was only used elsewhere for the
1055:, and bellicose Iranian leaders such as
536:
1956:"1 Samuel 15: Matthew Poole Commentary"
1678:
1450:
1345:, some Jews associated Amalek with the
3174:
3172:
3011:
2992:
2408:"The Deliberately Flawed Divine Torah"
2051:
1529:
736:passages described historical events.
625:, the commandment only applies to the
3780:A Biblical and theological dictionary
3227:Finley, Mordecai (21 February 2018).
2801:Taggar-Cohen, Ada (October 6, 2022).
1777:
945:John Gill believes the Amalekites of
751:"hostility towards targeted groups".
7:
3494:Imperial Israel and the Palestinians
2383:Sassoon, Isaac S.D. (May 14, 2015).
2135:, Camden, NJ: Thomas Nelson and Sons
239:(1860), representing Exodus 17:8–16.
86:
3023:
2634:Elkins, Dov Peretz; Treu, Abigail.
1169:, who recruits strong people (i.e.
599:"Remember what Amalek did to you" (
405:In Judges 6:1–6, Amalek, and their
3416:Goldberg, Jeffrey (May 24, 2004).
2145:The New Jerome Biblical Commentary
1653:Kadari, Tamar (31 December 1999).
609:Many rabbinic authorities such as
578:To exterminate the seed of Amalek
394:In Judges 3:13, Amalek, and their
25:
3632:Balaam: An Exposition and a Study
3216:from the original on Jul 2, 2023.
3153:Zaimov, Stoyan (April 29, 2017).
2942:Negev, Dead Sea and Arava Studies
2526:. Baker Books. pp. 175–176.
2220:"Mishneh Torah, Positive Mitzvot"
2193:"Mishneh Torah, Positive Mitzvot"
2166:"Mishneh Torah, Negative Mitzvot"
1145:consider the defeat of Amalek in
1117:. It is also customary to recite
1078:rejection of God, which leads to
991:, and in the early 19th century,
865:Archaeological evidence from the
219:refers to Amalek as a "bastard" (
3687:Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible
3252:
3165:from the original on 2021-04-16.
3071:. Pluto Press. pp. 129–131.
2803:"War at the Command of the Gods"
2649:Sorabji, Richard; Rodin, David.
2484:from the original on 2013-12-17.
2474:"1 Samuel 15: Gill's Exposition"
2440:from the original on 2014-11-08.
2000:"1 Samuel 15: Benson Commentary"
1250:, who was the antagonist of the
770:'s hostility to the Jews in the
262:
51:
3897:'s controversial view that the
3538:Journal of Contemporary History
3285:Paczkowski, Mieczysław (2014).
2566:. Baker Academic. p. 205.
2294:from the original on 2020-03-04
2282:Klapper, Aryeh (4 March 2020).
2132:Peake's Commentary on the Bible
2129:Black, Matthew, editor (1962),
1572:vol. 55, 1974, 265-280, 427-433
1390:, not Palestinians as a whole.
1059:. More metaphorically, to some
808:Ada Taggar-Cohen observes that
3887:Contemporary Amalek - Hirhurim
3880:Between Rephidim and Jerusalem
3757:Mercer Dictionary of the Bible
3710:Penny Cyclopaedia, Volumes 1-2
3666:. Hebrew Union College Press.
3386:. HarperCollins Religious US.
2972:"Genesis 14 Gill's Exposition"
2284:"How Not to Talk About Amalek"
1414:Antisemitism in the Arab world
1375:International Court of Justice
1277:is used as a call to witness.
900:Alternative theories of origin
312:. They appear to have lived a
1:
3736:10.1080/14623528.2020.1827781
3681:Mattingly, Gerald L. (2000).
3317:"Exodus 17 Gill's Exposition"
2592:Silverstein, Adam J. (2018).
1368:(beginning in October 2023),
1133:Early Church fathers such as
237:Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld
3864:A Kabbalistic view of Amalek
3724:Journal of Genocide Research
3650:Illustrated Bible Dictionary
2830:(1st ed.). De Gruyter.
2355:Commentary to Deuteronomy 25
1717:. In Hastings, James (ed.).
1291:Far-right politics in Israel
1153:defeating the powers of the
701:describes the cherem as the
376:ultimately loses favor with
139:
97:
42:fighting Amalek (Exodus 17).
2933:Bruins, Hendrik J. (2022).
2679:Naimark, Norman M. (2017).
2328:Kampeas, Ron (2024-01-16).
1303:was called "the Amalek and
1188:specifically refers to the
858:and possibly equivalent to
816:C. L. Crouch considers the
391:without Moses's permission.
166:Amalekites (Book of Mormon)
105:as the enemy nation of the
36:Phillip Medhurst Collection
3987:
3901:were considered Amalekites
3755:. In Roger Bullard (ed.).
3550:10.1177/002200949202700408
3519:Hebrew Union College Press
3479:Princeton University Press
3275:Retrieved 13 February 2017
3110:Princeton University Press
3102:Horowitz, Elliott (2018).
1603:10.1515/islm.2004.81.2.184
1424:Jewish extremist terrorism
1288:
1109:, who plotted to kill all
762:believed that God ordered
335:In Exodus 17:8–16, during
233:Battle with the Amalekites
221:
163:
3751:Mills, Watson E. (1997).
3662:Feldman, Louis H (2004).
3560:– via SageJournals.
3473:Elliott Horowitz (2018).
3305:– via ResearchGate.
2764:10.1017/S000397560000686X
2746:Freeman, Michael (1994).
2725:10.1007/s11841-011-0261-5
2681:Genocide: A World History
2335:Jewish Telegraphic Agency
1585:Athamina, Khalil (2005).
1542:Patterson, David (2011).
1297:Israel–Palestine conflict
979:to glean that the use of
380:for failing to kill King
225:) in a derogatory sense.
87:
3905:"Amalek" (Passages 1999)
3653:(2nd ed.). London:
3382:Jenkins, Philip (2013).
2859:Singer, Isidore (1901).
1713:Macpherson, J. (2004) .
1635:Ginzberg, Louis (1913).
3889:- a blog post by Rabbi
3857:The Jewish Encyclopedia
3818:Wipe Out Amalek, Today?
3270:The Jewish Encyclopedia
2704:Morriston, Wes (2012).
1638:The Legends of the Jews
1613:– via De Gruyter.
1234:evangelized to them in
3951:Massacres in the Bible
3645:Easton, Matthew George
3367:. 2024. Archived from
3345:. 2024. Archived from
3323:. 2024. Archived from
3303:10.12775/TiCz.2014.021
3267:; et al. (eds.).
2978:. 2024. Archived from
2892:vol. 20, issue 4 1978.
2824:Crouch, C. L. (2009).
2458:. 2022. Archived from
2006:. 2024. Archived from
1984:. 2024. Archived from
1962:. 2024. Archived from
1429:Religious antisemitism
1165:mysteriously invoking
1111:Jews in Persian Empire
920:
517:
240:
101:) is described in the
43:
3873:Catholic Encyclopedia
3783:. London: John Mason.
3718:Kugler, Gili (2020).
3371:on February 12, 2024.
3349:on February 12, 2024.
3327:on February 12, 2024.
3137:Pardes from Jerusalem
3067:Masalha, Nur (2000).
2982:on February 12, 2024.
2836:10.1515/9783110223521
2418:on February 12, 2024.
2385:"Obliterating Cherem"
1419:Antisemitism in Islam
1343:Arab–Israeli conflict
1319:, which includes the
1315:from settling in the
1149:to be reminiscent of
1070:), Amalek represents
965:Matthew George Easton
907:
784:collective punishment
642:Samson Raphael Hirsch
504:) by Dick Stins is a
499:
337:the Exodus from Egypt
231:
33:
3941:Hebrew Bible nations
3683:"Amalek, Amalekites"
3532:Porat, Dina (1992).
3418:"Among the Settlers"
3191:on January 23, 2024.
2813:on February 9, 2024.
2562:Copan, Paul (2022).
2522:Copan, Paul (2011).
2462:on January 23, 2024.
2395:on February 9, 2024.
2010:on January 23, 2024.
1988:on January 23, 2024.
1966:on January 23, 2024.
1823:Deuteronomy 25:16–18
1801:Deuteronomy 25:17–19
1359:Zionist antisemitism
1129:Christian traditions
1123:Shabbat before Purim
1119:Deuteronomy 25:17–18
1018:Abrahamic traditions
627:future messianic era
623:Haggahot Maimuniyyot
424:In 1 Samuel 27:8–9,
343:, but are defeated.
175:(himself the son of
3753:"Amalek/Amalekites"
3291:Teologia i Człowiek
3261:"HAMAN THE AGAGITE"
3026:, pp. 125–126.
2921:Entangled Religions
2889:Expedition Magazine
2638:. pp. 315–316.
2623:. pp. 137–138.
2619:Harris, Michael J.
2288:The Times of Israel
1641:. pp. 422–423.
1364:During the 2023–24
1353:. Conversely, some
1351:medieval Christians
1212:Carl Friedrich Keil
1092:Jewish doubt in God
1084:violent antisemites
1057:Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
705:being carried out.
191:Timna. Timna was a
183:and the brother of
160:In the Hebrew Bible
3966:Pre-Islamic Arabia
3839:2016-03-04 at the
3834:Remembering Amalek
3796:Sagi, Avi (1994).
3610:. 18 January 2024.
3592:. 16 January 2024.
3039:Amalek, Amalekites
2883:Aharon Kempinski,
2549:Enrichment Journal
1812:Deuteronomy 7:1–16
1370:Benjamin Netanyahu
1337:. Genealogically,
1226:Islamic traditions
1080:unethical hedonism
1066:(particularly the
921:
703:law of retaliation
658:believes that the
656:Isaac S.D. Sassoon
635:Seven Laws of Noah
518:
506:Holocaust memorial
241:
179:, ancestor of the
44:
34:Illustration from
3119:978-0-691-19039-6
3049:978-3-11-018355-9
2690:978-0-19-976526-3
2508:978-0-19-253900-7
2364:Shemot Zachor 646
2108:1 Chronicles 4:43
1624:1 Chronicles 1:36
1483:1 Chronicles 1:36
1402:, an ancestor of
1275:Deuteronomy 25:17
1023:Jewish traditions
913:The Death of Agag
886:masseboth shrines
882:agro-pastoralists
788:genocide scholars
607:
606:
563:"Do not forget" (
199:. According to a
95:
16:(Redirected from
3978:
3971:Tribes of Arabia
3895:Rav Soloveitchik
3859:, 1901-6: Amalek
3784:
3770:
3747:
3714:
3713:. Great Britain.
3700:
3677:
3658:
3640:
3612:
3611:
3608:Associated Press
3600:
3594:
3593:
3582:
3576:
3575:
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3255:
3250:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3239:
3224:
3218:
3217:
3202:
3193:
3192:
3187:. Archived from
3179:Koperwas, Josh.
3176:
3167:
3166:
3150:
3144:
3139:, 18 Feb. 2018.
3130:
3124:
3123:
3112:. pp. 1–7.
3099:
3093:
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3072:
3063:
3054:
3053:
3033:
3027:
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3015:
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2905:
2899:
2893:
2881:
2875:
2874:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2821:
2815:
2814:
2809:. Archived from
2798:
2792:
2791:
2743:
2737:
2736:
2710:
2701:
2695:
2694:
2676:
2670:
2669:
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2492:
2486:
2485:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2426:
2420:
2419:
2414:. Archived from
2403:
2397:
2396:
2391:. Archived from
2380:
2374:
2371:
2365:
2362:
2356:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2325:
2316:
2310:
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2299:
2279:
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2216:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2189:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2162:
2156:
2142:
2136:
2127:
2121:
2116:
2110:
2105:
2099:
2094:
2088:
2083:
2077:
2075:1 Samuel 30:9–20
2072:
2066:
2061:
2055:
2049:
2034:
2029:
2023:
2018:
2012:
2011:
1996:
1990:
1989:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1952:
1946:
1941:
1935:
1930:
1924:
1919:
1913:
1908:
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1897:
1891:
1886:
1880:
1875:
1869:
1864:
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1853:
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1820:
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1582:
1573:
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1559:
1539:
1533:
1527:
1518:
1512:
1499:
1494:
1485:
1476:
1467:
1455:
1366:Israel–Hamas war
1285:In modern Israel
1252:Exodus narrative
977:textual analysis
969:literal approach
867:Tell el-Qudeirat
854:, which is near
742:argues that the
677:Charles Ellicott
537:
469:battle of Gilboa
300:
299:
296:
295:
292:
289:
286:
283:
280:
277:
274:
271:
268:
224:
223:
217:Flavius Josephus
187:) and Eliphaz's
142:
100:
94:romanized:
93:
91:
89:
80:
79:
76:
75:
72:
69:
66:
63:
60:
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21:
3986:
3985:
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3980:
3979:
3977:
3976:
3975:
3911:
3910:
3841:Wayback Machine
3808:
3803:
3792:
3790:Further reading
3787:
3775:Watson, Richard
3773:
3767:
3750:
3717:
3705:Knight, Charles
3703:
3697:
3680:
3674:
3661:
3643:
3625:
3621:
3616:
3615:
3602:
3601:
3597:
3590:Times of Israel
3584:
3583:
3579:
3570:
3569:
3565:
3531:
3530:
3526:
3513:
3512:
3505:
3491:
3490:
3486:
3481:. pp. 2–4.
3472:
3471:
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3441:
3440:
3436:
3426:
3424:
3415:
3414:
3410:
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3358:
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3337:
3336:
3332:
3315:
3314:
3310:
3284:
3283:
3279:
3265:Singer, Isidore
3258:
3253:
3251:
3247:
3237:
3235:
3226:
3225:
3221:
3204:
3203:
3196:
3178:
3177:
3170:
3152:
3151:
3147:
3141:Elmad by Pardes
3131:
3127:
3120:
3101:
3100:
3096:
3084:
3075:
3066:
3064:
3057:
3050:
3035:
3034:
3030:
3022:
3018:
3010:
3003:
2991:
2987:
2970:
2969:
2965:
2957:
2953:
2948:(2–4): 121–142.
2937:
2932:
2931:
2927:
2914:Nissim Amzallag
2912:
2908:
2900:
2896:
2882:
2878:
2871:
2858:
2857:
2853:
2846:
2823:
2822:
2818:
2800:
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2795:
2745:
2744:
2740:
2708:
2703:
2702:
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2691:
2678:
2677:
2673:
2663:
2662:
2658:
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2201:
2191:
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2163:
2159:
2143:
2139:
2128:
2124:
2117:
2113:
2106:
2102:
2095:
2091:
2086:2 Samuel 1:5–10
2084:
2080:
2073:
2069:
2064:1 Samuel 30:1–2
2062:
2058:
2050:
2037:
2032:1 Samuel 27:8–9
2030:
2026:
2019:
2015:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1942:
1938:
1931:
1927:
1920:
1916:
1911:1 Samuel 15:1–9
1909:
1905:
1898:
1894:
1887:
1883:
1876:
1872:
1867:Judges 10:11–13
1865:
1861:
1854:
1850:
1843:
1839:
1832:
1828:
1821:
1817:
1810:
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1495:
1488:
1477:
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1456:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1396:
1293:
1287:
1264:
1228:
1216:Franz Delitzsch
1131:
1029:Jewish religion
1025:
1020:
1010:. According to
987:is actually an
902:
839:
825:rulers such as
780:
778:Modern academia
757:
673:
494:
489:
265:
261:
246:
169:
162:
135:
121:descendants of
83:Biblical Hebrew
54:
50:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3984:
3982:
3974:
3973:
3968:
3963:
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3876:
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3848:
3843:
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3826:
3821:
3815:
3807:
3806:External links
3804:
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3595:
3577:
3563:
3544:(4): 695–729.
3524:
3521:. p. 281.
3503:
3500:. p. 113.
3484:
3460:
3442:Lanard, Noah.
3434:
3422:The New Yorker
3408:
3399:
3393:978-0061990724
3392:
3374:
3352:
3330:
3308:
3297:(2): 137–155.
3277:
3245:
3233:Jewish Journal
3219:
3194:
3168:
3159:Christian Post
3145:
3132:Roth, Daniel.
3125:
3118:
3094:
3092:
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3048:
3042:. De Gruyter.
3028:
3016:
3001:
2995:, p. 35,
2985:
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2951:
2925:
2906:
2902:Mattingly 2000
2894:
2876:
2870:978-1112115349
2869:
2851:
2845:978-3110223514
2844:
2816:
2793:
2758:(2): 259–282.
2738:
2719:(1): 117–135.
2696:
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2641:
2626:
2611:
2605:978-0198797227
2604:
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2573:978-1540964557
2572:
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2021:1 Samuel 15:33
2013:
1991:
1969:
1947:
1944:1 Samuel 14:48
1936:
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1914:
1903:
1900:Judges 7:11–13
1892:
1889:Judges 6:32–34
1881:
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1837:
1826:
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1793:
1790:Exodus 17:8–16
1782:
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1705:
1694:
1683:
1681:, p. 8–9.
1671:
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1597:(2): 193–196.
1574:
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1519:
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1355:ultra-Orthodox
1317:Land of Israel
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1224:
1198:1 Samuel 15:18
1175:Ephesians 6:12
1147:Exodus 17:8–13
1130:
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1103:Book of Esther
1099:Purim festival
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
993:Richard Watson
919:(1 Samuel 15).
901:
898:
838:
835:
792:Norman Naimark
779:
776:
772:Book of Esther
756:
753:
718:Thomas Aquinas
693:considers the
687:incapacitation
672:
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605:
604:
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594:
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488:
487:Interpretation
485:
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434:
422:
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403:
392:
385:
361:
245:
242:
195:and sister of
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3492:Nur Masalha.
3488:
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3017:
3014:, p. 50.
3013:
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2915:
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2903:
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2718:
2714:
2707:
2700:
2697:
2692:
2686:
2682:
2675:
2672:
2668:. p. 92.
2667:
2660:
2657:
2653:. p. 98.
2652:
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2313:Mishneh Torah
2309:
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2270:1-57819-333-8
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2126:
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2109:
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2098:
2097:2 Samuel 1:16
2093:
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2017:
2014:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1995:
1992:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1973:
1970:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1933:1 Samuel 15:3
1929:
1926:
1923:
1922:1 Samuel 15:2
1918:
1915:
1912:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1896:
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1885:
1882:
1879:
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1857:
1852:
1849:
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1845:Numbers 14:45
1841:
1838:
1835:
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1827:
1824:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1786:
1783:
1780:, p. 21.
1779:
1774:
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1745:
1743:
1738:
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1728:9781410217226
1724:
1720:
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1709:
1706:
1703:
1702:Numbers 24:20
1698:
1695:
1692:
1691:Genesis 36:16
1687:
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1555:9781139492430
1551:
1547:
1546:
1538:
1535:
1531:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1517:, p. 48.
1516:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1498:
1497:Numbers 13:29
1493:
1491:
1487:
1484:
1480:
1479:Genesis 36:12
1475:
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1332:
1331:
1326:
1325:2014 Gaza war
1323:. During the
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1301:Yasser Arafat
1298:
1292:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1271:
1269:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1248:Quranic Haman
1243:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1207:
1206:Genesis 13:13
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1190:Messianic Age
1187:
1183:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
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1156:
1152:
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1144:
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1135:Justin Martyr
1128:
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1120:
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1112:
1108:
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1100:
1095:
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1089:
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1068:Baal Shem Tov
1065:
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1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1022:
1017:
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1013:
1009:
1005:
1004:Numbers 24:20
1001:
996:
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990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
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958:Numbers 24:20
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848:
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844:Hugo Winckler
836:
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832:
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719:
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706:
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700:
696:
692:
691:Matthew Henry
688:
684:
683:
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670:
668:
666:
661:
657:
653:
651:
650:Chofetz Chaim
647:
643:
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631:
628:
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620:
619:1 Samuel 15:3
616:
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523:Mishneh Torah
515:
511:
507:
503:
502:Star of David
500:"Davidster" (
498:
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369:Promised Land
366:
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334:
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329:
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178:
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159:
157:
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149:
144:
141:
132:
130:
128:
125:, the son of
124:
120:
119:North African
116:
112:
108:
104:
99:
84:
78:
48:
41:
37:
32:
19:
3961:Antisemitism
3946:Torah people
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3451:. Retrieved
3448:Mother Jones
3447:
3437:
3425:. Retrieved
3421:
3411:
3402:
3383:
3377:
3369:the original
3365:Biblehub.com
3364:
3355:
3347:the original
3343:Biblehub.com
3342:
3333:
3325:the original
3321:Biblehub.com
3320:
3311:
3294:
3290:
3280:
3268:
3248:
3236:. Retrieved
3232:
3222:
3209:
3189:the original
3184:
3158:
3148:
3140:
3136:
3128:
3104:
3097:
3086:
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3068:
3038:
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2996:
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2980:the original
2976:Biblehub.com
2975:
2966:
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2941:
2928:
2920:
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2897:
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2807:TheTorah.com
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2411:
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2393:the original
2389:TheTorah.com
2388:
2378:
2369:
2360:
2351:
2339:. Retrieved
2333:
2308:
2296:. Retrieved
2287:
2277:
2257:
2241:
2229:. Retrieved
2223:
2214:
2202:. Retrieved
2196:
2187:
2175:. Retrieved
2169:
2160:
2144:
2140:
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2125:
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2092:
2081:
2070:
2059:
2027:
2016:
2008:the original
2003:
1994:
1986:the original
1981:
1972:
1964:the original
1959:
1950:
1939:
1928:
1917:
1906:
1895:
1884:
1878:Judges 6:1–6
1873:
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1807:
1796:
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1718:
1708:
1697:
1686:
1679:Feldman 2004
1674:
1662:. Retrieved
1658:
1647:
1637:
1630:
1619:
1594:
1590:
1569:
1564:
1544:
1537:
1461:
1453:
1409:Anti-Judaism
1383:South Africa
1363:
1347:Roman Empire
1328:
1327:, a leading
1321:Palestinians
1294:
1272:
1265:
1262:Modern usage
1244:
1229:
1220:
1210:
1186:Exodus 17:16
1179:
1132:
1115:Exodus 17:14
1096:
1026:
997:
985:Genesis 14:7
980:
973:Genesis 14:7
962:
954:Chedorlaomer
947:Genesis 14:7
944:
929:
925:Genesis 14:7
922:
912:
909:Gustave Doré
879:semi-nomadic
864:
849:
840:
831:Assurbanipal
817:
815:
809:
807:
799:rejected son
796:
781:
758:
743:
738:
733:
729:
709:
707:
694:
681:
674:
671:Christianity
659:
654:
639:
632:
608:
546:Commandment
521:
519:
330:
303:
257:
247:
232:
170:
145:
136:
103:Hebrew Bible
46:
45:
35:
3893:explaining
3891:Gil Student
3627:Cox, Samuel
3498:Pluto Press
3453:15 November
3427:14 November
3238:22 February
3012:Watson 1832
2993:Easton 1894
2923:12.2 (2021)
2341:13 February
2250:Nachmanides
2052:Kugler 2020
1856:Judges 3:13
1834:1 Samuel 15
1756:"Amalekite"
1530:Knight 1833
1335:Philistines
1309:Gush Emunim
1268:Sennacherib
1256:Ibn Khaldūn
1232:Ishmaelites
1097:During the
1037:Nur Masalha
989:anachronism
837:Historicity
803:self-hatred
760:Ibn Khaldūn
722:John Calvin
675:Theologian
601:Deut. 25:17
583:Deut. 25:19
565:Deut. 25:19
514:Deuteronomy
3915:Categories
3820:chabad.org
3673:0878204636
2997:Am'alekite
2958:Including
2551:: 138–143.
2298:16 January
2246:Maimonides
2231:15 January
2204:15 January
2177:15 January
2119:Psalm 83:7
1778:Mills 1997
1664:16 January
1440:References
1289:See also:
1279:Yad Vashem
1182:antichrist
1171:Christians
1049:Stalinists
1012:Samuel Cox
1008:post-Flood
938:went into
894:Simeonites
856:Beer-sheba
827:Esarhaddon
740:Paul Copan
611:Maimonides
456:, burning
450:Philistine
258:Amalekites
244:Amalekites
107:Israelites
38:depicting
18:Amalekites
3744:228959516
3655:T. Nelson
3558:154626003
2788:170860040
2772:0003-9756
2733:159560414
1611:170567885
1591:Der Islam
1445:Citations
1202:Sodomites
981:Amalekite
932:C. Knight
852:Tel Masos
714:Augustine
699:John Gill
646:Sfat Emet
593:Positive
575:Positive
557:Negative
510:The Hague
454:King Saul
430:Geshurite
407:Midianite
374:King Saul
189:concubine
133:Etymology
3936:Genocide
3837:Archived
3777:(1832).
3730:: 1–16.
3707:(1833).
3647:(1894).
3629:(1884).
3214:Archived
3210:Biblehub
3163:Archived
3024:Cox 1884
2780:23997469
2482:Archived
2478:Biblehub
2438:Archived
2434:Biblehub
2292:Archived
2004:Biblehub
1982:Biblehub
1960:Biblehub
1715:"Amalek"
1458:"Amalek"
1394:See also
1139:Irenaeus
1088:nihilism
1033:folklore
1000:exegesis
890:Edomites
823:Assyrian
473:anointed
400:Ammonite
389:Amorites
360:victory.
341:Rephidim
181:Edomites
3875:article
3619:Sources
3185:Sefaria
2272:, p. 93
2225:Sefaria
2198:Sefaria
2171:Sefaria
1570:Biblica
1330:yeshiva
1295:In the
1157:at the
1143:Cyprian
1121:on the
1076:cynical
1074:or the
1072:atheism
1061:Hasidic
998:In his
951:Shemite
748:merisms
549:Source
520:In the
492:Judaism
444:in the
396:Moabite
347:orders
328:14:7).
326:Genesis
314:nomadic
205:Abraham
201:midrash
173:Eliphaz
154:Ishmael
151:prophet
148:Islamic
98:ʿĂmālēq
90:
88:עֲמָלֵק
3921:Amalek
3869:Amalec
3763:
3742:
3693:
3670:
3556:
3390:
3257:
3116:
3046:
2867:
2842:
2786:
2778:
2770:
2731:
2713:Sophia
2687:
2602:
2570:
2530:
2505:
2268:
2151:
1725:
1609:
1552:
1377:about
1305:Hitler
1167:Christ
1101:, the
1064:rabbis
1041:Romans
940:France
936:Caesar
917:Samuel
860:Hormah
818:cherem
810:cherem
744:cherem
730:cherem
726:Origen
710:cherem
695:cherem
682:cherem
660:cherem
528:Rambam
458:Ziklag
446:Judean
442:Ziklag
378:Yahweh
349:Joshua
322:Kadesh
318:Canaan
250:Balaam
193:Horite
185:Israel
140:am lak
115:Canaan
47:Amalek
40:Joshua
3899:Nazis
3740:S2CID
3554:S2CID
3263:. In
2960:Rashi
2938:(PDF)
2784:S2CID
2776:JSTOR
2729:S2CID
2709:(PDF)
2262:Rashi
1742:Rashi
1607:S2CID
1404:Haman
1388:Hamas
1339:Arabs
1240:Kaaba
1236:Mecca
1159:cross
1155:devil
1151:Jesus
1107:Haman
1045:Nazis
875:David
790:like
768:Haman
755:Islam
734:herem
665:Sages
615:Rashi
543:Type
532:Torah
462:David
438:Negev
426:David
353:Aaron
345:Moses
310:Sinai
306:Negev
254:Rashi
235:, by
222:νόθος
213:Jacob
209:Isaac
197:Lotan
117:, or
3931:Esau
3926:Edom
3761:ISBN
3691:ISBN
3668:ISBN
3455:2023
3429:2023
3388:ISBN
3240:2018
3114:ISBN
3044:ISBN
2865:ISBN
2840:ISBN
2768:ISSN
2685:ISBN
2600:ISBN
2568:ISBN
2528:ISBN
2503:ISBN
2343:2024
2300:2022
2266:ISBN
2233:2024
2206:2024
2179:2024
2149:ISBN
1723:ISBN
1666:2022
1550:ISBN
1400:Agag
1349:and
1313:Jews
1214:and
1194:Lamb
1141:and
1090:and
1053:ISIS
1031:and
873:and
871:Saul
829:and
764:Saul
720:and
590:189
572:188
440:and
419:Agag
411:Gaza
398:and
382:Agag
355:and
308:and
211:and
177:Esau
127:Noah
111:Esau
3732:doi
3637:125
3546:doi
3299:doi
2832:doi
2760:doi
2721:doi
1599:doi
1204:in
1163:Law
1002:of
983:in
971:to
923:In
892:or
554:59
508:in
357:Hur
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