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In criminal cases, the court may be composed of either one professional judge, where the expected sentence is not more than two years imprisonment, or 1-2 professional judges and 2 lay judges where the expected sentence is more than two years imprisonment. A single judge is still able to impose up to
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court of first instance for civil case where the subject of litigation is worth €5,000 or less, and for litigation involving rental agreements, marriages, alimony and child custody.
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court of first instance for criminal cases where no more than four years imprisonment is expected. Several exceptions exist, such as all homicide.
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administration of several public registers such as the companies', the associations', the cooperatives' and the land ownership register.
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may also refer to the building where the proceedings take place.
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Gerichtsverfassungsgesetz (German
Judiciary Act) §12
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