20:
78:
105:(pgm), for example, is a starchless mutant plant, thus preventing the settling of the statoliths. This mutant shows a significantly weaker gravitropic response as compared to a non-mutant plant. A normal gravitropic response can be rescued with hypergravity. In roots, gravity is sensed in the
109:, a section of tissue at the very tip of the root. Upon removal of the root cap, the root loses its ability to sense gravity. However, if the root cap is regrown, the root's gravitropic response will recover. In stems, gravity is sensed in the
408:
Toyota M, Ikeda N, Sawai-Toyota S, Kato T, Gilroy S, Tasaka M, Morita MT (November 2013). "Amyloplast displacement is necessary for gravisensing in
Arabidopsis shoots as revealed by a centrifuge microscope".
513:
444:
Wilkins H, Wain RL (January 1975). "The role of the root cap in the response of the primary roots of Zea mays L. seedlings to white light and to gravity".
101:
that causes the curvature and growth of stems against the gravity vector, as well as growth of roots along the gravity vector. A plant lacking in
38:, a subcategory for colorless, non-pigment-containing plastids. Amyloplasts are found in roots and storage tissues, and they store and synthesize
65:. Amyloplasts and chloroplasts are closely related, and amyloplasts can turn into chloroplasts; this is for instance observed when potato
34:, double-enveloped organelles in plant cells that are involved in various biological pathways. Amyloplasts are specifically a type of
506:
575:
677:
499:
197:
Naeem M, Tetlow IJ, Emes MJ (March 2002). "Starch synthesis in amyloplasts purified from developing potato tubers".
97:. This settling is a vital mechanism in plant's perception of gravity, triggering the asymmetrical distribution of
940:
370:
Kiss JZ, Wright JB, Caspar T (June 1996). "Gravitropism in roots of intermediate-starch mutants of
Arabidopsis".
672:
637:
612:
945:
876:
662:
555:
935:
909:
930:
535:
477:
461:
102:
859:
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469:
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349:
314:
279:
179:
453:
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379:
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306:
271:
237:
206:
171:
560:
275:
210:
523:
242:
225:
62:
491:
383:
310:
924:
806:
766:
741:
657:
570:
545:
175:
136:
481:
19:
786:
758:
736:
729:
709:
649:
565:
550:
86:
297:
Tasaka M, Kato T, Fukaki H (March 1999). "The endodermis and shoot gravitropism".
888:
854:
781:
776:
667:
77:
58:
135:
Wise RR, Hoober JK (2006-01-01). "The
Diversity of Plastid Form and Function".
883:
823:
816:
801:
791:
746:
692:
682:
632:
627:
617:
345:
110:
35:
162:
Neuhaus HE, Emes MJ (June 2000). "Nonphotosynthetic
Metabolism in Plastids".
93:, and are able to settle to the bottom of the gravity-sensing cell, called a
904:
866:
839:
811:
719:
704:
687:
622:
595:
527:
94:
90:
89:. Statoliths, a specialized starch-accumulating amyloplast, are denser than
473:
430:
391:
353:
318:
283:
183:
849:
605:
590:
585:
106:
465:
871:
771:
724:
600:
457:
262:
Morita MT (2010-06-02). "Directional gravity sensing in gravitropism".
51:
47:
43:
31:
422:
332:
Morita MT, Tasaka M (December 2004). "Gravity sensing and signaling".
714:
39:
226:"Development of chloroplasts from amyloplasts in potato tuber discs"
50:. Starch synthesis relies on the transportation of carbon from the
98:
76:
66:
18:
495:
844:
164:
Annual Review of Plant
Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology
16:
Type of plastid, double-enveloped organelles in plant cells
54:, the mechanism by which is currently under debate.
897:
832:
757:
648:
534:
57:Starch synthesis and storage also takes place in
85:Amyloplasts are thought to play a vital role in
81:A diagram showing the different types of plastid
507:
8:
514:
500:
492:
61:, a type of pigmented plastid involved in
241:
122:
138:The structure and function of plastids
276:10.1146/annurev.arplant.043008.092042
69:are exposed to light and turn green.
7:
403:
401:
365:
363:
257:
255:
253:
157:
155:
130:
128:
126:
211:10.1046/j.1365-313x.1997.11051095.x
243:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1973.tb04394.x
14:
384:10.1034/j.1399-3054.1996.970205.x
334:Current Opinion in Plant Biology
224:Anstis PJ, Northcote DH (1973).
176:10.1146/annurev.arplant.51.1.111
264:Annual Review of Plant Biology
1:
678:Microtubule organizing center
311:10.1016/S1360-1385(99)01376-X
141:. Vol. 23. pp. 3–26
23:Amyloplasts in a potato cell
962:
42:for the plant through the
346:10.1016/j.pbi.2004.09.001
673:Prokaryotic cytoskeleton
299:Trends in Plant Science
73:Role in gravity sensing
82:
24:
663:Intermediate filament
556:Endoplasmic reticulum
372:Physiologia Plantarum
80:
22:
910:Extracellular matrix
613:Cytoplasmic granule
638:Weibel–Palade body
522:Structures of the
458:10.1007/BF00390700
103:phosphoglucomutase
83:
25:
918:
917:
698:Spindle pole body
423:10.1111/tpj.12324
411:The Plant Journal
199:The Plant Journal
953:
941:Plant physiology
516:
509:
502:
493:
486:
485:
441:
435:
434:
405:
396:
395:
367:
358:
357:
329:
323:
322:
294:
288:
287:
259:
248:
247:
245:
221:
215:
214:
205:(5): 1095–1103.
194:
188:
187:
159:
150:
149:
147:
146:
132:
111:endodermal cells
961:
960:
956:
955:
954:
952:
951:
950:
921:
920:
919:
914:
893:
828:
753:
644:
561:Golgi apparatus
537:
530:
520:
490:
489:
443:
442:
438:
407:
406:
399:
369:
368:
361:
331:
330:
326:
296:
295:
291:
261:
260:
251:
230:New Phytologist
223:
222:
218:
196:
195:
191:
161:
160:
153:
144:
142:
134:
133:
124:
119:
113:of the shoots.
75:
17:
12:
11:
5:
959:
957:
949:
948:
943:
938:
933:
923:
922:
916:
915:
913:
912:
907:
901:
899:
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891:
886:
881:
880:
879:
874:
864:
863:
862:
857:
852:
842:
836:
834:
833:Other internal
830:
829:
827:
826:
821:
820:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
769:
763:
761:
755:
754:
752:
751:
750:
749:
744:
734:
733:
732:
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722:
717:
707:
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695:
690:
685:
675:
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603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
542:
540:
532:
531:
521:
519:
518:
511:
504:
496:
488:
487:
436:
397:
359:
324:
289:
249:
236:(3): 449–463.
216:
189:
151:
121:
120:
118:
115:
74:
71:
63:photosynthesis
44:polymerization
30:are a type of
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
958:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
928:
926:
911:
908:
906:
903:
902:
900:
896:
890:
887:
885:
882:
878:
875:
873:
870:
869:
868:
865:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
847:
846:
843:
841:
838:
837:
835:
831:
825:
822:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
807:Proteinoplast
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
774:
773:
770:
768:
767:Mitochondrion
765:
764:
762:
760:
759:Endosymbionts
756:
748:
745:
743:
742:Lamellipodium
740:
739:
738:
735:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
712:
711:
708:
706:
703:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
680:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
658:Microfilament
656:
655:
653:
651:
647:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
615:
614:
611:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
578:
577:
574:
572:
571:Autophagosome
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
546:Cell membrane
544:
543:
541:
539:
536:Endomembrane
533:
529:
525:
517:
512:
510:
505:
503:
498:
497:
494:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
452:(3): 217–22.
451:
447:
440:
437:
432:
428:
424:
420:
417:(4): 648–60.
416:
412:
404:
402:
398:
393:
389:
385:
381:
378:(2): 237–44.
377:
373:
366:
364:
360:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
328:
325:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
293:
290:
285:
281:
277:
273:
270:(1): 705–20.
269:
265:
258:
256:
254:
250:
244:
239:
235:
231:
227:
220:
217:
212:
208:
204:
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185:
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177:
173:
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165:
158:
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140:
139:
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127:
123:
116:
114:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
79:
72:
70:
68:
64:
60:
55:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
21:
946:Cell anatomy
796:
787:Gerontoplast
737:Pseudopodium
730:Radial spoke
710:Undulipodium
650:Cytoskeleton
566:Parenthesome
449:
445:
439:
414:
410:
375:
371:
340:(6): 712–8.
337:
333:
327:
305:(3): 103–7.
302:
298:
292:
267:
263:
233:
229:
219:
202:
198:
192:
167:
163:
143:. Retrieved
137:
87:gravitropism
84:
59:chloroplasts
56:
27:
26:
936:Plant cells
889:Magnetosome
855:Spliceosome
782:Chromoplast
777:Chloroplast
668:Microtubule
170:: 111–140.
28:Amyloplasts
931:Organelles
925:Categories
884:Proteasome
877:Inclusions
824:Nitroplast
817:Apicoplast
802:Elaioplast
797:Amyloplast
792:Leucoplast
747:Filopodium
693:Basal body
683:Centrosome
633:Peroxisome
628:Glyoxysome
618:Melanosome
528:organelles
145:2018-11-28
117:References
36:leucoplast
905:Cell wall
867:Cytoplasm
840:Nucleolus
812:Tannosome
720:Flagellum
705:Myofibril
688:Centriole
623:Microbody
596:Phagosome
95:statocyte
91:cytoplasm
898:External
850:Ribosome
606:Acrosome
591:Endosome
586:Lysosome
482:19797331
474:24435121
466:23371730
431:24004104
392:11539189
354:15491921
319:10322541
284:19152486
184:15012188
107:root cap
872:Cytosol
772:Plastid
725:Axoneme
601:Vacuole
581:Exosome
576:Vesicle
551:Nucleus
52:cytosol
48:glucose
32:plastid
715:Cilium
538:system
480:
472:
464:
446:Planta
429:
390:
352:
317:
282:
182:
67:tubers
40:starch
860:Vault
478:S2CID
462:JSTOR
99:auxin
524:cell
470:PMID
427:PMID
388:PMID
350:PMID
315:PMID
280:PMID
180:PMID
845:RNA
454:doi
450:123
419:doi
380:doi
342:doi
307:doi
272:doi
238:doi
207:doi
172:doi
46:of
927::
526:/
476:.
468:.
460:.
448:.
425:.
415:76
413:.
400:^
386:.
376:97
374:.
362:^
348:.
336:.
313:.
301:.
278:.
268:61
266:.
252:^
234:72
232:.
228:.
203:11
201:.
178:.
168:51
166:.
154:^
125:^
515:e
508:t
501:v
484:.
456::
433:.
421::
394:.
382::
356:.
344::
338:7
321:.
309::
303:4
286:.
274::
246:.
240::
213:.
209::
186:.
174::
148:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
