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612:
3990:
139:
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784:; these episquamosals vary between five and nine in number. The last episquamosal is very large, approaching the size of the three osteoderms per side on the rear edge of the frill, the epiparietals. Another characteristic feature is the pair of bony knobs located on either side of the midline, towards the end of the frill. These are pointing sideways and are very variable in form and size between individuals. The
452:
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118:
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816:, the fused vertebrae supporting the pelvis, had shifted to the rear. The neck of NMC 8547 is exceptionally long, with four syncervicals, fused anterior cervical vertebrae. Also the pelvis is very long. The tail is short. The forelimbs are very robust, with a large deltopectoral crest on the humerus, indicating a heavy musculature.
811:
have been based, has many traits that are unique in the
Chasmosaurinae. The vertebral column contains seventy-four vertebrae: ten of the neck, thirteen dorsals, twelve sacrals and thirty-nine caudals. Typically chasmosaurines have twelve dorsals, ten sacrals and up to forty-six tail vertebrae. Mallon
705:
fossils had been collected than previously had been realized. These included the specimens TMP 1983.001.0001, a nearly complete skull of a juvenile; UW 2419, a nearly complete skull; ROM 802, a skull lacking the snout; FMNH P15003, the upper side of a skull lacking the snout; CMN 11838, a left skull
2618:
Larson, D. W.; Brinkman, D. B.; Bell, P. R. (2010). "Faunal assemblages from the upper
Horseshoe Canyon Formation, an early Maastrichtian cool-climate assemblage from Alberta, with special reference to the Albertosaurus sarcophagus bonebed This article is one of a series of papers published in this
1547:
lifestyle. The long snout would have allowed the animal to cross deeper swamps walking, catching breath on the water's surface and the heavy frill would have acted as a counterbalance to help point the beak upwards. Later paleontologists tended to reject this notion, emphasizing that dinosaurs in
1812:
made up the fish fauna. Reptiles such as turtles and crocodilians are rare in the
Horseshoe Canyon Formation, and this was thought to reflect the relatively cool climate which prevailed at the time. A study by Quinney et al. (2013) however, showed that the decline in turtle diversity, which was
2442:
M. J. Ryan, A. P. Russell, and S. Hartman. 2010. A new chasmosaurine ceratopsid from the Judith River
Formation, Montana. In M. J. Ryan, B. J. Chinnery-Allgeier, D. A. Eberth (eds.), New Perspectives on Horned Dinosaurs: The Royal Tyrrell Museum Ceratopsian Symposium. Indiana University Press,
442:
that could grow up to an estimated 4.3 metres (14 ft) long. Its skull featured two long brow horns and a short horn on the nose. The skull frill was elongated and rectangular, its edges adorned by coarse triangular projections. About a dozen skulls of the genus have been found.
1590:
specimens by Mallon (2012) revealed that these variations in skull form do not actually fall into two distinct morphs, and more likely represent individual variation, forcing him to reject the hypothesis that there were two species. Likewise there was no proof of sexual dimorphism.
519:
today. In total, at least ten incomplete skulls have been recovered. The skulls are different with respect to their proportions (e.g. size of the supraorbital horn cores, the dimensions of the frill) which had led researchers to conclude that the disparity is
1692:. The area was wet and warm with a temperate to subtropical climate. Just prior to the CampanianâMaastrichtian boundary, the mean annual temperature and precipitation in this region dropped rapidly. The dinosaurs from this formation form part of the
1448:, because of its size and its horns which are significantly more slender and point forward instead of upward. Later however, paleontologists had concluded that the size and form of this skull falls within the expected range of variation seen in
2520:
Quinney, Annie; Therrien, François; Zelenitsky, Darla K.; Eberth, David A. (2013). "Palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic reconstruction of the Upper
Cretaceous (late Campanianâearly Maastrichtian) Horseshoe Canyon Formation, Alberta, Canada".
1930:"Anchiceratops." In: Dodson, Peter & Britt, Brooks & Carpenter, Kenneth & Forster, Catherine A. & Gillette, David D. & Norell, Mark A. & Olshevsky, George & Parrish, J. Michael & Weishampel, David B.
2681:
Larson, Derek W.; Brinkman, Donald B.; Bell, Phil R. (2010). "Faunal assemblages from the upper
Horseshoe Canyon Formation, an early Maastrichtian cool-climate assemblage from Alberta, with special reference to the
1684:, shorelines and wetlands. Due to the changing sea levels, many different environments are represented in the Horseshoe Canyon Formation, including offshore and near-shore marine habitats and coastal habitats like
2200:
Weishampel, D.B., Barrett, P.M., Coria, R.A., Le Loueff, J., Xu X., Zhao X., Sahni, A., Gomani, E.M.P., & Noto, C.N. 2004. Dinosaur distribution. In: Weishampel, D.B., Dodson, P., & OsmĂłlska, H. (Eds.).
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with three horns on its face, a parrot-like beak, and a long frill extending from the back of its head. The two horns above the eyes were longer than the single horn on its snout, as in other chasmosaurines.
600:. NMC 8547 is displayed as a half-mount with the better preserved right side showing, and completed with a cast skull replica of NMC 8535. Other material has been found since, including one or two possible
2410:
D. A. Russell and T. P. Chamney. 1967. Notes on the biostratigraphy of dinosaurian and microfossil faunas in the
Edmonton Formation (Cretaceous), Alberta. National Museum of Canada Natural History Papers
1602:
as a species was exceptionally long-lived; other ceratopsid species typically last a few hundred thousand years. Several possible explanations were given: a decreased competition by related species; less
1391:
1774:. Of these, the hadrosaurs dominated in terms of sheer number and made up half of all dinosaurs who lived in this region. Other vertebrates present in the Horseshoe Canyon Formation at the time of
584:
Another specimen, NMC 8547 (or CMN 8547) collected by
Sternberg in 1925, lacks most of the skull but is otherwise the most complete skeleton known from any ceratopsid, preserving a complete
2383:
L. M. Lambe. 1915. On
Eoceratops canadensis, gen. nov., with remarks on other genera of Cretaceous horned dinosaurs. Canada Geological Survey Museum Bulletin 12, Geological Series 24:1-49
1813:
previously attributed to climate, coincided instead with changes in soil drainage conditions, and was limited by aridity, landscape instability, and migratory barriers. The saltwater
1552:, at least for specimen NMC 8547. This would be an explanation for the robustness and extreme musculature of the limbs. Mallon admitted that its small tail was not a swimming-organ.
2558:"An Ornithomimid (Dinosauria) Bonebed from the Late Cretaceous of Alberta, with Implications for the Behavior, Classification, and Stratigraphy of North American Ornithomimids"
4172:
1496:
is rare compared to other ceratopsians in the area, and usually found near marine sediments, in both the
Horseshoe Canyon and Dinosaur Park Formations. This indicates that
2241:
Langston, W. Jr. (1975). "The ceratopsian dinosaurs and associated lower vertebrates from the St. Mary River Formation (Maestrichtian) at Scabby Butte, southern Alberta".
126:
1586:
skulls that are larger, more robust, and have much longer horns that point more vertically were proposed to represent males. Preliminary statistical analysis of the
654:. However, brown horn fragments (specimens NMC 9590 and 10645) and frill pieces (specimens NMC 9813, 9814 and 9829) have been found from two localities in the older
4113:
1459:
because of the few frill elements associated with it and because it could not be determined with certainty whether the material belonged to this taxon. The related
2420:
R. E. Molnar. 1980. Australian late Mesozoic continental tetrapods: some implications. Mémoires de la Société Géologique de France, Nouvelle Série 139:131-143
642:
remains are known from the lower part of the formation, and range in age between 72.5-71 million years ago). Frill fragments found in the early Maastrichtian
1388:
is assigned to currently. Over the decades Lull (1933), Romer (1956), Russell and Chamney (1967), Molnar (1980) agreed with the assignment to Ceratopsidae.
780:
in the form of triangular bony projections. These are exceptionally wide and coarse. Some of these epoccipitals are on the side of the frill, formed by the
2082:, a new genus of horned dinosaurs from the Edmonton Cretaceous of Alberta. With a discussion of the origin of the ceratopsian crest and the brain casts of
1378:
assigned this genus to a new taxon that he erected, "eoceratopsinae", which included "Eoceratops" (now Chasmosaurus), "Diceratops" (now Nedoceratops) and
4202:
1465:
is known from the same formation, and has a comparable frill surface structure. According to Mallon, in 1925 C.M. Sternberg had referred the material to
1473:
had been described in March of that year. If correct, this would mean that no unequivocal postcrania (all skeletal elements posterior to the skull) of
4100:
2720:
Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and OsmĂłlska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. (2004) 861 pp.
1560:
4177:
2452:
Lehman, T.M. 1990. "The ceratopsian subfamily Chasmosaurinae: sexual dimorphism and systematics". In: Carpenter, K. & Currie, P.J. (Eds.).
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694:
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specimens are found in the upper part of Unit one of this formation, part of the Horsetheif member, dated to about 72-71 million years ago.
1555:
2755:
4182:
2646:
Arbour, Victoria (2010). "A Cretaceous armoury: Multiple ankylosaurid taxa in the Late Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada and Montana, USA".
1384:. "Eoceratopsinae" however soon fell into disuse as a taxon. Ironically, in the same study Lambe erected Chasmosaurinae, the taxon that
468:
3439:
1874:, which provide evidence that these animals were also present. Non-vertebrates in this ecosystem included both marine and terrestrial
492:
615:
NMC 8547 mounted at the Canadian Museum of Nature, completed with a skull cast of NMC 8535. NMC 8547 might represent a separate taxon
565:
and intermediate between them, but closest in the development of the skull frill to the latter, hence the generic name meaning "near
2725:
2501:
2055:
1939:
391:
2291:
J.C. Mallon and R. Holmes (2010) "Description of a complete and fully articulated chasmosaurine postcranium previously assigned to
4197:
4013:
2312:
Scott D. Sampson; Mark A. Loewen; Andrew A. Farke; Eric M. Roberts; Catherine A. Forster; Joshua A. Smith; Alan A. Titus (2010).
1903:
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frill; CMN 12-1915, frill fragments; and UALVP 1618, the rear edge of a frill. This larger number of fossils can be examined by
4192:
2392:
R. S. Lull. 1933. A revision of the Ceratopsia or horned dinosaurs. Memoirs of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 3(3):1-175
744:
was a medium-sized ceratopsid. If specimen NMC 8547 is not taken into account, no very exact estimations of the body length of
1998:
Mallon, Jordan C.; Holmes, Robert; Eberth, David A.; Ryan, Michael J.; Anderson, Jason S. (2012). "Variation in the skull of
4207:
3989:
138:
4187:
1756:
1736:
2429:
P. Dodson and P.J. Currie. 1990. "Neoceratopsia", pp 593-618 in: D.B. Weishampel, H. Osmolska, and P. Dodson (eds.),
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at the Scabby Butte locality in southwestern Alberta, however, the fossils cannot be referred to a specific species.
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627:
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dated as being between 74 and 67 million years old. It was deposited during the gradual withdrawal of the
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1535:, as he could not explain the differences between the taxa by a difference in defence function. In 1959,
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4023:
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general were land animals, but in 2012 Mallon again suggested a semi-aquatic lifestyle, like a modern
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words "anchi" (αγÏÎč-) meaning "near", "keras" (ÎșΔÏαÏ) meaning "horn", and "ops" (ÏÏ) meaning "face".
281:
2469:, a horned dinosaur from the Horseshoe Canyon Formation." Royal Tyrrell Museum Speaker Series 2012.
1669:. The valley where dinosaurs lived included ancient meandering estuary channels, straight channels,
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can be given. Some popular science books state that it approached 20 feet (6 m) in length. In 2010
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2019:
1952:
Sternberg, C.M. (1929). "A new species of horned dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Alberta".
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133:
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C.M. Sternberg had originally designated a smaller skull as the type specimen for a new species
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2002:(Dinosauria, Ceratopsidae) from the Horseshoe Canyon Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of Alberta".
4126:
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1935:
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1411:. The phylogenetic analysis conducted by Ryan et al. (2010) confirmed this assignment. Modern
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4131:
2295:(Dinosauria: Ceratopsia)", In: M. J. Ryan, B. J. Chinnery-Allgeier, and D. A. Eberth (eds.),
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2011:
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553:, as he believed that this dinosaur represented a transitional form closely related to both
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30:
2161:"Ceratopsid dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous Almond Formation of southwestern Wyoming"
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2314:"New Horned Dinosaurs from Utah Provide Evidence for Intracontinental Dinosaur Endimism"
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Cullen, T. M.; Ryan, M. J.; Schröder-Adams, C.; Currie, P. J.; Kobayashi, Y. (2013).
2112:; Burns, M. E.; Sissons, R. L. (2009). "A redescription of the ankylosaurid dinosaur
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New Perspectives on Horned Dinosaurs: The Royal Tyrrell Museum Ceratopsian Symposium
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land vertebrate age, and are distinct from those in the formations above and below.
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1371:
1197:
1048:
950:
895:
871:
832:
772:
570:
546:
487:, including the long frill, and two other partial skulls, specimens AMNH 5259 (the
289:
277:
244:
199:
117:
1653:
period. The Horseshoe Canyon Formation is a terrestrial unit which is part of the
718:
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2338:
2015:
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1132:
561:
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436:
43:
2401:
A. S. Romer. 1956. Osteology of the Reptiles, University of Chicago Press 1-772
1862:
were present. Vertebrate trace fossils from this region included the tracks of
1485:
770:
frills are very distinctive. Rectangular in shape, the frill is edged by large
666:, 76.5-75 million years ago) with the characteristic pattern of points seen in
3718:
3634:
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3005:
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231:
88:
53:
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Specimen NMC 8547, on which traditionally descriptions of the postcrania of
781:
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663:
631:
439:
150:
93:
37:
2601:
2372:, 1915 Dinosaurs, with Special Reference to the American Museum Collections
2357:
2187:
804:. The frill has deep arterial grooves on both the upper and the underside.
491:) and AMNH 5273, were found at the same time, which are now stored in the
4057:
3519:
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3061:
2797:
2788:
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1795:
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63:
58:
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2116:
Parks, 1924 (Ornithischia: Ankylosauria) and a revision of the genus".
1779:
1509:
1501:
1441:, suggesting that this genus was less derived than previously thought.
763:
Restoration, with generalised chasmosaurine rump, not based on NMC 8547
647:
601:
574:
472:
404:
98:
73:
2782:
2205:(2nd Edition). Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 517-606.
1823:
1799:
1685:
1455:
In 2010 Mallon removed specimen NMC 8547 from the fossil material of
792:, window-like openings, than those seen in other chasmosaurines like
623:
597:
160:
4034:
2707:
2632:
2262:
1523:
In 1914 Brown suggested that the distinctive frill and horn form of
511:
five years later, in 1929. but this species is widely considered a
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1673:
1618:
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1390:
758:
717:
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in a more advanced position within the Chasmosaurinae, closer to
788:, forming the rear edge and the middle of the frill, has smaller
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1670:
1517:
756:, estimated its length at 4.3 metres, its weight at 1.2 tonnes.
4038:
3455:
2924:
2775:
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2050:(Abridged ed.). United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.
1803:
710:
to solve certain long-standing controversies about the genus.
678:
remains were also recovered in terrestrial sediments from the
368:
2733:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1918:
2299:. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, Indiana. pp 189â202
371:
359:
353:
2433:. First Edition, University of California Press, Berkeley,
1822:
was present and freshwater environments were populated by
1520:
which probably made up the majority of ceratopsian diets.
499:. A complete skull designated NMC 8535, was discovered by
377:
2456:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Pp. 211â219
350:
1508:
were increasingly common but still rare compared to the
722:
Size comparison with postcranium restored after NMC 8547
752:, on the assumption that specimen NMC 8547 represented
581:, whose name refers to the ornate margin of its frill.
2374:. American Museum of Natural History, New York 162 pp
392:
383:
365:
356:
347:
531:, means "near horned face", and is derived from the
435:
was a medium-sized, heavily built, ground-dwelling,
380:
374:
296:
4047:
3931:
3889:
3880:
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3739:
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3297:
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1452:and that it was probably a member of that species.
630:of Alberta, which belongs to the later part of the
362:
2492:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. pp.
2485:
2092:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
1429:. Mallon's study of 2012 concluded however, that
475:in 1912 by an expedition led by Barnum Brown. The
2523:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
2454:Dinosaur Systematics: Approaches and Perspectives
2224:National Museum of Canada Natural History Papers
1623:Restoration of two individuals facing off, with
127:University of Michigan Museum of Natural History
2213:
2211:
1979:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 346 pp
2465:Mallon, J. (2012). "Variation in the skull of
2307:
2305:
2749:
2613:
2611:
2515:
2513:
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2285:
670:frills. These may represent early records of
8:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1395:ROM 802, a skull in the Royal Ontario Museum
592:. Sternberg's material is now housed in the
2619:Special Issue on the theme Albertosaurus".
2073:
2071:
2069:
2067:
1934:. Publications International, LTD. p. 124.
4173:Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of North America
4035:
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3745:
3535:
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3465:
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3354:
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3175:
3045:
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2742:
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116:
20:
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2347:
2337:
701:In 2012, Mallon concluded that many more
1633:The Horseshoe Canyon Formation has been
2488:The Horned Dinosaurs: A Natural History
2222:from the Oldman Formation of Alberta".
1914:
1561:University of Wyoming Geological Museum
674:or possibly a second, related species.
2277:The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs
1504:where other ceratopsids did not live.
604:deposits in Alberta, but very little
7:
2279:, Princeton University Press p. 268
1611:; and a more generalist lifestyle.
1189:
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1073:
1023:
1016:
992:
942:
935:
911:
887:
863:
838:
828:
697:1983.001.0001 (original, not cast).
2688:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
2648:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
2621:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
2243:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
2118:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
2004:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
1954:National Museum of Canada Bulletin
493:American Museum of Natural History
420:that lived approximately 72 to 71
14:
4203:Campanian genus first appearances
1469:because he had been unaware that
125:Skull cast of TMP 1983.001.0001,
4019:
4018:
3994:
3988:
3438:
3432:
1904:Timeline of ceratopsian research
1888:
431:in what is now Alberta, Canada.
343:
137:
1582:represents a female. The other
2660:10.1080/02724634.2010.10411819
1710:with other dinosaurs, such as
650:in the United States resemble
608:material has been described.
507:in 1924, and was described as
424:during the latter part of the
1:
4178:Fossil taxa described in 1914
2583:10.1371/journal.pone.0058853
2543:10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.12.009
2339:10.1371/journal.pone.0012292
2016:10.1080/02724634.2011.601484
1433:was more closely related to
626:have been discovered in the
1757:Pachyrhinosaurus canadensis
1737:Sphaerotholus edmontonensis
539:was described and named by
4224:
4183:Taxa named by Barnum Brown
2114:Dyoplosaurus acutosquameus
1848:. Evidence has shown that
1578:genus, where the skull of
1446:Anchiceratops longirostris
628:Horseshoe Canyon Formation
463:were discovered along the
321:Anchiceratops longirostris
16:Extinct genus of dinosaurs
4008:
3986:
3748:
3538:
3479:
3464:
3451:
3429:
3357:
3178:
3048:
3044:
2952:
2948:
2933:
2920:
2866:
2839:
2826:
2771:
2684:Albertosaurus sarcophagus
1767:Albertosaurus sarcophagus
1727:Ornithomimus edmontonicus
1533:intra-species recognition
1415:analyses usually recover
1211:
1194:
1187:
1170:
1163:
1146:
1129:
1122:
1102:
1095:
1078:
1071:
1045:
1028:
1021:
1014:
997:
990:
964:
947:
940:
933:
916:
909:
892:
885:
868:
861:
843:
836:
594:Canadian Museum of Nature
318:
311:
295:
288:
134:Scientific classification
132:
124:
115:
23:
2218:Langston, W.J. (1959). "
1717:Epichirostenotes curriei
1607:by the recession of the
726:Like other ceratopsids,
680:St. Mary River Formation
660:Dinosaur Park Formations
483:, is the back half of a
4198:Paleontology in Alberta
2965:Micropachycephalosaurus
2047:A Greek-English Lexicon
1639:Western Interior Seaway
1609:Western Interior Seaway
1358:Brown in 1914 assigned
1346:, conducted by Sampson
455:Type specimen AMNH 5251
4193:Horseshoe Canyon fauna
2188:10.2113/gsrocky.39.1.1
2168:Rocky Mountain Geology
1630:
1598:e.a. pointed out that
1563:
1490:
1396:
1368:William Diller Matthew
764:
723:
698:
616:
588:down to the last tail
456:
4140:Paleobiology Database
2038:Liddell, Henry George
1747:Edmontosaurus regalis
1622:
1605:habitat fragmentation
1558:
1488:
1394:
1344:phylogenetic analysis
762:
721:
688:
614:
579:Anchiceratops ornatus
459:The first remains of
454:
301:Anchiceratops ornatus
4208:Ornithischian genera
2159:Farke, A.A. (2004).
2138:10.1671/039.029.0405
1977:The Horned Dinosaurs
1932:The Age of Dinosaurs
1600:Anchicertops ornatus
1370:refined this to the
708:statistical analysis
501:Charles M. Sternberg
447:History of discovery
3130:Archaeoceratopsidae
2700:2010CaJES..47.1159L
2574:2013PLoSO...858853C
2535:2013PPP...371...26Q
2443:Bloomington 181-188
2330:2010PLoSO...512292S
2255:1975CaJES..12.1576L
2180:2004RMGeo..39....1F
2130:2009JVPal..29.1117A
1732:pachycephalosaurids
1374:. In the same year
4188:Maastrichtian life
3850:Crittendenceratops
3800:Albertaceratopsini
2275:Paul, G.S., 2010,
2078:Brown, B (1914). "
1657:that includes the
1649:stage of the Late
1631:
1596:Jordan Cole Mallon
1576:sexually dimorphic
1564:
1500:may have lived in
1491:
1397:
812:presumed that the
790:parietal fenestrae
765:
724:
699:
617:
457:
4155:
4154:
4127:Open Tree of Life
4041:Taxon identifiers
4032:
4031:
4004:
4003:
3984:
3983:
3980:
3979:
3976:
3975:
3972:
3971:
3933:Pachyrhinosaurini
3871:Yehuecauhceratops
3834:Nasutoceratopsini
3735:
3734:
3447:
3446:
3427:
3426:
3423:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3415:
3414:
3411:
3410:
3407:
3406:
3308:Protoceratopsidae
3195:Leptoceratopsidae
3163:
3162:
3029:
3028:
2916:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2904:
2903:
1975:Dodson, P. 1996.
1850:multituberculates
1806:and the gar-like
1629:in the foreground
1537:Wann Langston Jr.
1407:placed it in the
1356:
1355:
1351:
1334:
1333:
1325:
1324:
1316:
1315:
1307:
1306:
1298:
1297:
1289:
1288:
1280:
1279:
1271:
1270:
1262:
1261:
1253:
1252:
1244:
1243:
1235:
1234:
1226:
1225:
1060:
1059:
979:
978:
469:Canadian province
422:million years ago
334:
333:
329:
284:
4215:
4148:
4147:
4135:
4134:
4122:
4121:
4109:
4108:
4096:
4095:
4083:
4082:
4081:
4068:
4067:
4066:
4036:
4022:
4021:
3999:
3998:
3992:
3963:Pachyrhinosaurus
3887:
3761:Machairoceratops
3746:
3586:Coahuilaceratops
3536:
3477:
3466:
3453:
3442:
3437:
3436:
3355:
3304:
3288:Zhuchengceratops
3176:
3046:
3042:
2983:Chaoyangsauridae
2950:
2946:
2935:
2922:
2864:
2837:
2828:
2821:
2820:
2773:
2758:
2751:
2744:
2735:
2729:
2718:
2712:
2711:
2694:(9): 1159â1181.
2678:
2672:
2671:
2643:
2637:
2636:
2627:(9): 1159â1181.
2615:
2606:
2605:
2595:
2585:
2553:
2547:
2546:
2517:
2508:
2507:
2491:
2478:
2472:
2463:
2457:
2450:
2444:
2440:
2434:
2427:
2421:
2418:
2412:
2408:
2402:
2399:
2393:
2390:
2384:
2381:
2375:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2351:
2341:
2309:
2300:
2289:
2280:
2273:
2267:
2266:
2249:(9): 1576â1608.
2238:
2232:
2231:
2215:
2206:
2198:
2192:
2191:
2165:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2124:(4): 1117â1135.
2106:
2100:
2099:
2075:
2062:
2061:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2010:(5): 1047â1071.
1995:
1980:
1973:
1962:
1961:
1949:
1943:
1928:
1898:
1896:Dinosaurs portal
1893:
1892:
1891:
1708:paleoenvironment
1659:Battle Formation
1615:Paleoenvironment
1529:sexual selection
1506:Flowering plants
1337:
1190:
1166:
1125:
1098:
1074:
1024:
1017:
1001:Coahuilaceratops
993:
943:
936:
912:
888:
864:
839:
829:
824:
823:
644:Almond Formation
399:
395:
390:
389:
386:
385:
382:
379:
376:
373:
370:
367:
364:
361:
358:
355:
352:
349:
324:
298:
276:
269:
256:
243:
230:
214:
198:
142:
141:
120:
110:
40:
29:Temporal range:
21:
4223:
4222:
4218:
4217:
4216:
4214:
4213:
4212:
4158:
4157:
4156:
4151:
4143:
4138:
4130:
4125:
4117:
4112:
4104:
4099:
4091:
4086:
4077:
4076:
4071:
4062:
4061:
4056:
4043:
4033:
4028:
4000:
3993:
3968:
3927:
3876:
3857:Furcatoceratops
3828:
3809:Albertaceratops
3794:
3768:Menefeeceratops
3731:
3704:Tatankaceratops
3661:
3607:Mercuriceratops
3558:Arrhinoceratops
3525:
3473:
3460:
3443:
3431:
3403:
3383:
3344:
3293:
3260:Montanoceratops
3189:
3184:Graciliceratops
3172:
3159:
3139:Archaeoceratops
3124:
3038:
3025:
3013:Xuanhuaceratops
2999:Hualianceratops
2977:
2958:Albalophosaurus
2942:
2929:
2900:
2880:
2853:
2847:Avemetatarsalia
2832:Avemetatarsalia
2822:
2816:Marginocephalia
2778:
2777:
2767:
2762:
2732:
2719:
2715:
2708:10.1139/e10-005
2680:
2679:
2675:
2645:
2644:
2640:
2633:10.1139/e10-005
2617:
2616:
2609:
2555:
2554:
2550:
2519:
2518:
2511:
2504:
2480:
2479:
2475:
2464:
2460:
2451:
2447:
2441:
2437:
2428:
2424:
2419:
2415:
2409:
2405:
2400:
2396:
2391:
2387:
2382:
2378:
2369:
2365:
2311:
2310:
2303:
2290:
2283:
2274:
2270:
2263:10.1139/e75-142
2240:
2239:
2235:
2217:
2216:
2209:
2199:
2195:
2163:
2158:
2157:
2153:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2077:
2076:
2065:
2058:
2036:
2035:
2031:
1997:
1996:
1983:
1974:
1965:
1951:
1950:
1946:
1929:
1916:
1912:
1894:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1845:Stangerochampsa
1663:Whitemud Member
1635:radiometrically
1617:
1580:A. longirostris
1559:Skull UW 2419,
1539:suggested that
1527:were caused by
1483:
1471:Arrhinoceratops
1462:Arrhinoceratops
1421:Arrhinoceratops
1352:
1335:
1326:
1317:
1308:
1299:
1290:
1281:
1272:
1263:
1254:
1245:
1236:
1227:
1106:Arrhinoceratops
1061:
980:
822:
750:Gregory S. Paul
716:
636:Late Cretaceous
577:known today is
573:and only valid
527:The genus name
509:A. longirostris
449:
397:
393:
346:
342:
323:
307:
304:
275:
267:
254:
241:
228:
212:
196:
136:
111:
109:
108:
107:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
35:
34:
31:Late Cretaceous
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4221:
4219:
4211:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4168:Chasmosaurines
4160:
4159:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4149:
4136:
4123:
4110:
4097:
4084:
4069:
4053:
4051:
4045:
4044:
4039:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4026:
4016:
4009:
4006:
4005:
4002:
4001:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3981:
3978:
3977:
3974:
3973:
3970:
3969:
3967:
3966:
3959:
3952:
3945:
3937:
3935:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3925:
3917:
3910:
3903:
3895:
3893:
3884:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3874:
3867:
3864:Nasutoceratops
3860:
3853:
3846:
3838:
3836:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3826:
3823:Medusaceratops
3819:
3812:
3804:
3802:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3792:
3785:
3778:
3771:
3764:
3757:
3754:Diabloceratops
3749:
3743:
3741:Centrosaurinae
3737:
3736:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3729:
3722:
3715:
3712:Titanoceratops
3708:
3700:
3697:Regaliceratops
3693:
3686:
3679:
3671:
3669:
3667:Triceratopsini
3663:
3662:
3660:
3659:
3652:
3645:
3638:
3631:
3628:Sierraceratops
3624:
3617:
3614:Navajoceratops
3610:
3603:
3596:
3589:
3582:
3575:
3568:
3561:
3554:
3547:
3539:
3533:
3531:Chasmosaurinae
3527:
3526:
3524:
3523:
3516:
3509:
3502:
3495:
3492:Brachyceratops
3488:
3480:
3474:
3469:
3462:
3461:
3456:
3449:
3448:
3445:
3444:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3424:
3421:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3413:
3412:
3409:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3401:
3400:
3399:
3393:
3391:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3381:
3374:
3371:Turanoceratops
3367:
3358:
3352:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3342:
3335:
3328:
3321:
3312:
3310:
3301:
3295:
3294:
3292:
3291:
3284:
3281:Unescoceratops
3277:
3270:
3263:
3256:
3249:
3246:Ischioceratops
3242:
3239:Gryphoceratops
3235:
3228:
3221:
3214:
3207:
3199:
3197:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3187:
3179:
3173:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3157:
3149:
3142:
3134:
3132:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3122:
3119:Sasayamagnomus
3115:
3108:
3101:
3094:
3086:
3079:
3072:
3069:Auroraceratops
3065:
3058:
3049:
3039:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3023:
3016:
3009:
3002:
2995:
2992:Chaoyangsaurus
2987:
2985:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2975:
2972:Psittacosaurus
2968:
2961:
2953:
2943:
2938:
2931:
2930:
2925:
2918:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2910:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2898:
2897:
2896:
2890:
2888:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2878:
2877:
2876:
2867:
2861:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2851:
2850:
2849:
2840:
2834:
2824:
2823:
2819:
2818:
2809:
2800:
2791:
2785:
2776:
2769:
2768:
2763:
2761:
2760:
2753:
2746:
2738:
2731:
2730:
2713:
2673:
2638:
2607:
2548:
2509:
2502:
2473:
2458:
2445:
2435:
2431:The Dinosauria
2422:
2413:
2403:
2394:
2385:
2376:
2363:
2301:
2281:
2268:
2233:
2207:
2203:The Dinosauria
2193:
2151:
2101:
2063:
2056:
2029:
1981:
1963:
1944:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1883:
1880:
1852:and the early
1819:Leurospondylus
1809:Aspidorhynchus
1772:apex predators
1770:), which were
1762:tyrannosaurids
1655:Edmonton Group
1616:
1613:
1570:proposed that
1482:
1479:
1409:Chasmosaurinae
1376:Lawrence Lambe
1354:
1353:
1336:
1332:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1323:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1314:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1305:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1295:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1193:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1169:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1128:
1123:
1121:
1119:Triceratopsini
1115:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1101:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1077:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1027:
1022:
1020:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1006:
1005:
996:
991:
989:
986:
985:
982:
981:
977:
976:
973:
972:
963:
960:
959:
956:
955:
946:
941:
939:
934:
932:
929:
928:
925:
924:
915:
910:
908:
905:
904:
901:
900:
891:
886:
884:
881:
880:
877:
876:
867:
862:
860:
858:Chasmosaurinae
854:
853:
850:
849:
846:Centrosaurinae
842:
837:
835:
827:
821:
820:Classification
818:
715:
712:
544:paleontologist
513:junior synonym
465:Red Deer River
448:
445:
332:
331:
326:C.M. Sternberg
316:
315:
309:
308:
305:
293:
292:
286:
285:
265:
261:
260:
258:Chasmosaurinae
252:
248:
247:
239:
235:
234:
226:
219:
218:
216:Neornithischia
210:
203:
202:
194:
187:
186:
181:
174:
173:
168:
164:
163:
158:
154:
153:
148:
144:
143:
130:
129:
122:
121:
113:
112:
104:
103:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
41:
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4220:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4146:
4141:
4137:
4133:
4128:
4124:
4120:
4115:
4111:
4107:
4102:
4098:
4094:
4089:
4085:
4080:
4079:Anchiceratops
4074:
4070:
4065:
4059:
4055:
4054:
4052:
4050:
4049:Anchiceratops
4046:
4042:
4037:
4025:
4017:
4015:
4011:
4010:
4007:
3997:
3991:
3965:
3964:
3960:
3958:
3957:
3953:
3951:
3950:
3946:
3944:
3943:
3942:Achelousaurus
3939:
3938:
3936:
3934:
3930:
3923:
3922:
3921:Styracosaurus
3918:
3916:
3915:
3911:
3909:
3908:
3904:
3902:
3901:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3892:
3891:Centrosaurini
3888:
3885:
3883:
3882:Eucentrosaura
3879:
3873:
3872:
3868:
3866:
3865:
3861:
3859:
3858:
3854:
3852:
3851:
3847:
3845:
3844:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3835:
3831:
3825:
3824:
3820:
3818:
3817:
3813:
3811:
3810:
3806:
3805:
3803:
3801:
3797:
3791:
3790:
3786:
3784:
3783:
3782:Wendiceratops
3779:
3777:
3776:
3772:
3770:
3769:
3765:
3763:
3762:
3758:
3756:
3755:
3751:
3750:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3738:
3728:
3727:
3723:
3721:
3720:
3716:
3714:
3713:
3709:
3706:
3705:
3701:
3699:
3698:
3694:
3692:
3691:
3687:
3685:
3684:
3680:
3678:
3677:
3676:Eotriceratops
3673:
3672:
3670:
3668:
3664:
3658:
3657:
3653:
3651:
3650:
3646:
3644:
3643:
3639:
3637:
3636:
3632:
3630:
3629:
3625:
3623:
3622:
3621:Pentaceratops
3618:
3616:
3615:
3611:
3609:
3608:
3604:
3602:
3601:
3600:Kosmoceratops
3597:
3595:
3594:
3590:
3588:
3587:
3583:
3581:
3580:
3576:
3574:
3573:
3572:Bravoceratops
3569:
3567:
3566:
3565:Bisticeratops
3562:
3560:
3559:
3555:
3553:
3552:
3551:Anchiceratops
3548:
3546:
3545:
3544:Agujaceratops
3541:
3540:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3528:
3522:
3521:
3517:
3515:
3514:
3510:
3508:
3507:
3503:
3501:
3500:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3489:
3487:
3486:
3482:
3481:
3478:
3475:
3472:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3454:
3450:
3441:
3435:
3397:
3396:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3390:
3386:
3380:
3379:
3375:
3373:
3372:
3368:
3365:
3364:
3360:
3359:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3350:Ceratopsoidea
3347:
3341:
3340:
3339:Protoceratops
3336:
3334:
3333:
3332:Breviceratops
3329:
3327:
3326:
3322:
3319:
3318:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3309:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3296:
3290:
3289:
3285:
3283:
3282:
3278:
3276:
3275:
3274:Udanoceratops
3271:
3269:
3268:
3267:Prenoceratops
3264:
3262:
3261:
3257:
3255:
3254:
3253:Leptoceratops
3250:
3248:
3247:
3243:
3241:
3240:
3236:
3234:
3233:
3229:
3227:
3226:
3222:
3220:
3219:
3215:
3213:
3212:
3211:Bainoceratops
3208:
3206:
3205:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3192:
3186:
3185:
3181:
3180:
3177:
3174:
3171:
3166:
3155:
3154:
3150:
3148:
3147:
3146:Helioceratops
3143:
3141:
3140:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3131:
3127:
3121:
3120:
3116:
3114:
3113:
3112:Mosaiceratops
3109:
3107:
3106:
3102:
3100:
3099:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3087:
3085:
3084:
3083:Koreaceratops
3080:
3078:
3077:
3073:
3071:
3070:
3066:
3064:
3063:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3051:
3050:
3047:
3043:
3040:
3037:
3036:Neoceratopsia
3032:
3022:
3021:
3017:
3015:
3014:
3010:
3008:
3007:
3003:
3001:
3000:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2969:
2967:
2966:
2962:
2960:
2959:
2955:
2954:
2951:
2947:
2944:
2941:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2923:
2919:
2894:
2893:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2887:
2883:
2875:
2871:
2870:
2869:
2868:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2856:
2848:
2844:
2843:
2842:
2841:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2817:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2786:
2784:
2780:
2779:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2759:
2754:
2752:
2747:
2745:
2740:
2739:
2736:
2727:
2726:0-520-24209-2
2723:
2717:
2714:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2677:
2674:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2642:
2639:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2614:
2612:
2608:
2603:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2568:(3): e58853.
2567:
2563:
2559:
2552:
2549:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2516:
2514:
2510:
2505:
2503:0-691-05900-4
2499:
2495:
2490:
2489:
2483:
2482:Dodson, Peter
2477:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2467:Anchiceratops
2462:
2459:
2455:
2449:
2446:
2439:
2436:
2432:
2426:
2423:
2417:
2414:
2407:
2404:
2398:
2395:
2389:
2386:
2380:
2377:
2373:
2367:
2364:
2359:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2324:(9): e12292.
2323:
2319:
2315:
2308:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2293:Anchiceratops
2288:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2272:
2269:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2237:
2234:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2220:Anchiceratops
2214:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2197:
2194:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2162:
2155:
2152:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2105:
2102:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2084:Anchiceratops
2081:
2080:Anchiceratops
2074:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2064:
2059:
2057:0-19-910207-4
2053:
2049:
2048:
2043:
2039:
2033:
2030:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
2000:Anchiceratops
1994:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1964:
1959:
1955:
1948:
1945:
1941:
1940:0-7853-0443-6
1937:
1933:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1915:
1909:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1886:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1876:invertebrates
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1846:
1841:
1840:
1835:
1831:
1830:
1829:Champsosaurus
1825:
1821:
1820:
1816:
1811:
1810:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1776:Anchiceratops
1773:
1769:
1768:
1763:
1759:
1758:
1753:
1749:
1748:
1743:
1739:
1738:
1733:
1729:
1728:
1723:
1722:ornithomimids
1719:
1718:
1713:
1712:maniraptorans
1709:
1705:
1704:Anchiceratops
1701:
1700:Anchiceratops
1697:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1647:Maastrichtian
1644:
1641:, during the
1640:
1636:
1628:
1627:
1621:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1606:
1601:
1597:
1592:
1589:
1588:Anchiceratops
1585:
1584:Anchiceratops
1581:
1577:
1573:
1572:Anchiceratops
1569:
1568:Thomas Lehman
1562:
1557:
1553:
1551:
1546:
1543:engaged in a
1542:
1541:Anchiceratops
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1525:Anchiceratops
1521:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1498:Anchiceratops
1495:
1494:Anchiceratops
1487:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1475:Anchiceratops
1472:
1468:
1467:Anchiceratops
1464:
1463:
1458:
1457:Anchiceratops
1453:
1451:
1447:
1442:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1431:Anchiceratops
1428:
1427:
1422:
1418:
1417:Anchiceratops
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1393:
1389:
1387:
1386:Anchiceratops
1383:
1382:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1360:Anchiceratops
1349:
1345:
1342:based on the
1341:
1330:
1329:
1321:
1320:
1312:
1311:
1303:
1302:
1294:
1293:
1285:
1284:
1276:
1275:
1267:
1266:
1258:
1257:
1249:
1248:
1240:
1239:
1231:
1230:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1209:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1192:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1175:
1168:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1151:
1150:Eotriceratops
1144:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1127:
1126:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1107:
1100:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1083:
1082:Anchiceratops
1076:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1050:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1033:
1032:Kosmoceratops
1026:
1025:
1019:
1018:
1012:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1004:
1003:
1002:
995:
994:
988:
987:
984:
983:
975:
974:
971:
970:
969:
968:Pentaceratops
962:
961:
958:
957:
954:
953:
952:
945:
944:
938:
937:
931:
930:
927:
926:
923:
922:
921:
920:Agujaceratops
914:
913:
907:
906:
903:
902:
899:
898:
897:
890:
889:
883:
882:
879:
878:
875:
874:
873:
866:
865:
859:
856:
855:
852:
851:
848:
847:
841:
840:
834:
831:
830:
826:
825:
819:
817:
815:
810:
809:Anchiceratops
805:
803:
802:
797:
796:
795:Pentaceratops
791:
787:
786:parietal bone
783:
779:
775:
774:
769:
768:Anchiceratops
761:
757:
755:
754:Anchiceratops
751:
747:
746:Anchiceratops
743:
742:Anchiceratops
739:
736:
733:
729:
720:
713:
711:
709:
704:
703:Anchiceratops
696:
692:
691:Anchiceratops
687:
683:
681:
677:
676:Anchiceratops
673:
669:
668:Anchiceratops
665:
661:
657:
653:
652:Anchiceratops
649:
645:
641:
640:Anchiceratops
637:
634:stage of the
633:
629:
625:
622:
621:Anchiceratops
613:
609:
607:
606:Anchiceratops
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
586:spinal column
582:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
563:
558:
557:
552:
548:
545:
542:
538:
537:Anchiceratops
534:
530:
529:Anchiceratops
525:
523:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
497:New York City
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
461:Anchiceratops
453:
446:
444:
441:
438:
434:
433:Anchiceratops
430:
427:
423:
419:
416:
413:
412:chasmosaurine
409:
406:
402:
401:
388:
340:
339:
338:Anchiceratops
330:
327:
322:
317:
314:
310:
303:
302:
294:
291:
287:
283:
279:
274:
273:
272:Anchiceratops
266:
263:
262:
259:
253:
250:
249:
246:
240:
237:
236:
233:
227:
224:
221:
220:
217:
211:
208:
205:
204:
201:
195:
192:
189:
188:
185:
182:
179:
176:
175:
172:
169:
166:
165:
162:
159:
156:
155:
152:
149:
146:
145:
140:
135:
131:
128:
123:
119:
114:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
39:
32:
26:
25:Anchiceratops
22:
19:
4048:
3961:
3956:Stellasaurus
3954:
3947:
3940:
3919:
3912:
3907:Coronosaurus
3905:
3900:Centrosaurus
3898:
3869:
3862:
3855:
3848:
3841:
3821:
3816:Lokiceratops
3814:
3807:
3789:Xenoceratops
3787:
3780:
3775:Sinoceratops
3773:
3766:
3759:
3752:
3724:
3717:
3710:
3702:
3695:
3688:
3683:Nedoceratops
3681:
3674:
3656:Vagaceratops
3654:
3649:Utahceratops
3647:
3642:Terminocavus
3640:
3633:
3626:
3619:
3612:
3605:
3598:
3593:Judiceratops
3591:
3584:
3579:Chasmosaurus
3577:
3570:
3563:
3556:
3550:
3549:
3542:
3518:
3511:
3504:
3497:
3490:
3483:
3471:Ceratopsidae
3458:Ceratopsidae
3389:Ceratopsidae
3378:Zuniceratops
3376:
3369:
3363:Ajkaceratops
3361:
3337:
3330:
3325:Bagaceratops
3323:
3317:Ajkaceratops
3315:
3299:Coronosauria
3286:
3279:
3272:
3265:
3258:
3251:
3244:
3237:
3230:
3223:
3216:
3209:
3204:Asiaceratops
3202:
3182:
3170:Euceratopsia
3153:Yamaceratops
3151:
3144:
3137:
3117:
3110:
3105:Microceratus
3103:
3098:Liaoceratops
3096:
3088:
3081:
3074:
3067:
3060:
3054:Ajkaceratops
3052:
3018:
3011:
3004:
2997:
2990:
2970:
2963:
2956:
2874:Ornithischia
2859:Ornithischia
2811:
2807:Ornithischia
2802:
2793:
2716:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2676:
2651:
2647:
2641:
2624:
2620:
2565:
2561:
2551:
2526:
2522:
2487:
2476:
2466:
2461:
2453:
2448:
2438:
2430:
2425:
2416:
2406:
2397:
2388:
2379:
2371:
2370:W.D. Matthew
2366:
2321:
2317:
2296:
2292:
2276:
2271:
2246:
2242:
2236:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2202:
2196:
2171:
2167:
2154:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2110:Arbour, V.M.
2104:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2045:
2042:Robert Scott
2032:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1976:
1957:
1953:
1947:
1931:
1868:ceratopsians
1856:
1843:
1839:Leidyosuchus
1837:
1834:crocodilians
1827:
1817:
1807:
1775:
1765:
1755:
1752:ceratopsians
1745:
1742:hadrosaurids
1735:
1725:
1715:
1703:
1699:
1698:
1678:river deltas
1632:
1626:Ornithomimus
1624:
1599:
1593:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1571:
1565:
1550:hippopotamus
1545:semi-aquatic
1540:
1524:
1522:
1497:
1493:
1492:
1481:Paleobiology
1474:
1470:
1466:
1460:
1456:
1454:
1449:
1445:
1443:
1438:
1435:Chasmosaurus
1434:
1430:
1426:Chasmosaurus
1424:
1420:
1416:
1401:Peter Dodson
1398:
1385:
1379:
1372:Ceratopsidae
1359:
1357:
1347:
1213:
1212:
1198:Nedoceratops
1196:
1195:
1172:
1171:
1148:
1147:
1131:
1130:
1104:
1103:
1081:
1080:
1079:
1049:Vagaceratops
1047:
1046:
1030:
1029:
999:
998:
966:
965:
951:Utahceratops
949:
948:
918:
917:
896:Mojoceratops
894:
893:
872:Chasmosaurus
870:
869:
844:
833:Ceratopsidae
808:
806:
799:
793:
789:
776:, which are
773:epoccipitals
771:
767:
766:
753:
745:
741:
740:
727:
725:
702:
700:
690:
675:
671:
667:
651:
639:
620:
618:
605:
583:
578:
566:
560:
554:
547:Barnum Brown
536:
528:
526:
516:
508:
480:
460:
458:
432:
337:
336:
335:
320:
319:
300:
299:
290:Type species
271:
270:
245:Ceratopsidae
222:
206:
200:Ornithischia
190:
177:
24:
18:
4073:Wikispecies
3949:Einiosaurus
3843:Avaceratops
3726:Triceratops
3690:Ojoceratops
3513:Monoclonius
3225:Ferrisaurus
3090:Kulceratops
1872:ornithopods
1858:Didelphodon
1706:shared its
1694:Edmontonian
1690:tidal flats
1682:floodplains
1489:Restoration
1477:are known.
1439:Triceratops
1405:Phil Currie
1381:Triceratops
1366:. In 1915,
1338:Ceratopsid
1215:Triceratops
1133:Ojoceratops
732:quadrupedal
714:Description
562:Triceratops
556:Monoclonius
522:ontogenetic
479:, specimen
437:quadrupedal
306:Brown, 1914
251:Subfamily:
36:72â71
4162:Categories
4012:See also:
3719:Torosaurus
3635:Spiclypeus
3485:Agathaumas
3398:see belowâ
3218:Cerasinops
3006:Stenopelix
2940:Ceratopsia
2927:Ceratopsia
2895:see belowâ
2886:Ceratopsia
2798:Dinosauria
2765:Ceratopsia
2686:bonebed".
2174:(1): 1â5.
2098:: 539â548.
1815:plesiosaur
1784:amphibians
1665:, both in
1651:Cretaceous
1450:A. ornatus
1364:Ceratopsia
1350:, in 2010.
1174:Torosaurus
801:Torosaurus
778:osteoderms
728:A. ornatus
672:A. ornatus
517:A. ornatus
426:Cretaceous
415:ceratopsid
232:Ceratopsia
184:Dinosauria
2781:Kingdom:
2668:220429286
2529:: 26â44.
2088:Trachodon
1910:Footnotes
1864:theropods
1854:marsupial
1796:sturgeons
1778:included
1643:Campanian
1594:In 2012,
1502:estuaries
1413:cladistic
1399:In 1990,
1340:cladogram
814:synsacrum
782:squamosal
735:herbivore
689:Juvenile
664:Campanian
632:Campanian
481:AMNH 5251
440:herbivore
157:Kingdom:
151:Eukaryota
4058:Wikidata
4024:Category
4014:Timeline
3520:Polyonax
3506:Dysganus
3499:Ceratops
3062:Aquilops
2789:Chordata
2787:Phylum:
2783:Animalia
2602:23554938
2562:PLOS ONE
2484:(1996).
2358:20877459
2318:PLOS ONE
2146:85665879
2044:(1980).
2024:86349131
1960:: 34â37.
1882:See also
1780:reptiles
1667:Edmonton
1661:and the
1566:In 1990
1510:conifers
1437:than to
1423:than to
638:Period (
590:vertebra
567:Ceratops
541:American
489:paratype
477:holotype
418:dinosaur
403:) is an
313:Synonyms
238:Family:
171:Chordata
167:Phylum:
161:Animalia
147:Domain:
4132:4947047
4119:1065095
4106:4823142
4093:4531567
4064:Q131580
3914:Spinops
3232:Gremlin
3020:Yinlong
2696:Bibcode
2654:: 55A.
2593:3595220
2570:Bibcode
2531:Bibcode
2411:35:1-22
2349:2929175
2326:Bibcode
2251:Bibcode
2230:: 1â11.
2176:Bibcode
2126:Bibcode
1824:turtles
1800:bowfins
1760:), and
1686:lagoons
1362:to the
693:skull,
648:Wyoming
624:fossils
602:bonebed
575:species
569:". The
473:Alberta
467:in the
405:extinct
400:-É-tops
264:Genus:
105:↓
2724:
2666:
2600:
2590:
2500:
2356:
2346:
2144:
2054:
2022:
1938:
1832:, and
1788:Sharks
1782:, and
1688:, and
1674:swamps
1574:was a
1514:cycads
1348:et al.
730:was a
662:(late
656:Oldman
598:Ottawa
505:Morrin
429:Period
328:, 1929
4145:38852
4114:IRMNG
2812:Clade
2803:Clade
2794:Clade
2664:S2CID
2494:14â15
2320:. 5.
2164:(PDF)
2142:S2CID
2020:S2CID
1836:like
1518:ferns
619:Most
549:, in
533:Greek
485:skull
408:genus
396:-kee-
278:Brown
223:Clade
207:Clade
191:Clade
178:Clade
4101:GBIF
2872:see
2845:see
2722:ISBN
2598:PMID
2498:ISBN
2354:PMID
2090:"".
2086:and
2052:ISBN
2040:and
1936:ISBN
1870:and
1860:coyi
1842:and
1804:gars
1792:rays
1671:peat
1645:and
1531:and
1516:and
1403:and
798:and
658:and
571:type
559:and
551:1914
398:SERR
282:1914
44:Preê
4088:EoL
3076:Beg
2704:doi
2656:doi
2629:doi
2588:PMC
2578:doi
2539:doi
2527:371
2344:PMC
2334:doi
2259:doi
2184:doi
2134:doi
2012:doi
1750:),
1740:),
1730:),
1720:),
695:TMP
646:of
596:in
515:of
503:at
495:in
471:of
410:of
394:ANG
4164::
4142::
4129::
4116::
4103::
4090::
4075::
4060::
2814::
2805::
2796::
2702:.
2692:47
2690:.
2662:.
2652:30
2650:.
2625:47
2623:.
2610:^
2596:.
2586:.
2576:.
2564:.
2560:.
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2496:.
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2342:.
2332:.
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2284:^
2257:.
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2245:.
2226:.
2210:^
2182:.
2172:39
2170:.
2166:.
2140:.
2132:.
2122:29
2120:.
2096:33
2094:.
2066:^
2018:.
2008:31
2006:.
1984:^
1966:^
1958:54
1956:.
1917:^
1878:.
1866:,
1826:,
1802:,
1798:,
1794:,
1790:,
1786:.
1680:,
1676:,
1512:,
524:.
369:Ér
280:,
225::
209::
193::
180::
94:Pg
38:Ma
33:,
3924:?
3707:?
3366:?
3320:?
3156:?
3093:?
3057:?
2757:e
2750:t
2743:v
2728:.
2710:.
2706::
2698::
2670:.
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2604:.
2580::
2572::
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2322:5
2265:.
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2228:3
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2186::
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2060:.
2026:.
2014::
1942:.
1764:(
1754:(
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387:/
384:s
381:p
378:É
375:t
372:É
366:s
363:Ë
360:i
357:k
354:Ć
351:ĂŠ
348:Ë
345:/
341:(
297:â
268:â
255:â
242:â
229:â
213:â
197:â
99:N
89:K
84:J
79:T
74:P
69:C
64:D
59:S
54:O
49:ê
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