935:
Onge (Andamanese hunter–gatherers) and
Papuans all derive in a short evolutionary time from the eastward dispersal of an out-of-Africa population . The HUGO (Human Genome Organization) Pan-Asian SNP consortium investigated haplotype diversity within present-day Asian populations and found a strong correlation with latitude, with diversity decreasing from south to north. The correlation continues to hold when only mainland Southeast Asian and East Asian populations are considered, and is perhaps attributable to a serial founder effect . These observations are consistent with the view that soon after the single eastward migration of modern humans, East Asians diverged in southern East Asia and dispersed northward across the continent.
63:
151:
219:
2197:
170:— refers to an ancestral population that primarily contributed to human populations in a region consisting of Australia, Papua, New Zealand, neighboring islands in the South Pacific Ocean and parts of the Philippines. Represented by present-day Australasians, e.g. Papuans and Aboriginal Australians, as well as the
226:
The
Australasian, Ancient Ancestral South Indian, and East and Southeast Asian lineages display a closer genetic relationship to each other than to any non-Asian lineages, and together represent the main branches of "Asian-related ancestry", which diverged from each other >40kya. The Australasian
947:
Demeter, Fabrice; Shackelford, Laura L.; Bacon, Anne-Marie; Duringer, Philippe; Westaway, Kira; Sayavongkhamdy, Thongsa; Braga, José; Sichanthongtip, Phonephanh; Khamdalavong, Phimmasaeng; Ponche, Jean-Luc; Wang, Hong; Lundstrom, Craig; Patole-Edoumba, Elise; Karpoff, Anne-Marie (4 September 2012).
767:
the southern migration wave seems to have diversified into the local populations in East Asia (defined in this paper as a region including China, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Taiwan and
Southeast Asia), and the northern wave, which probably runs through the Siberian and Eurasian steppe regions and mixed
1006:
Inferences from nuclear (51), Y chromosome (52), and mitochondrial genome (53) data support an early migration of modern humans out of Africa and into
Southeast Asia using a southern route by at least 60 ka. Patterns of genetic variation in recent human populations (11, 54, 55) recognize Southeast
825:
Gakuhari, Takashi; Nakagome, Shigeki; Rasmussen, Simon; Allentoft, Morten E.; Sato, Takehiro; Korneliussen, Thorfinn; Chuinneagáin, Blánaid NĂ; Matsumae, Hiromi; Koganebuchi, Kae; Schmidt, Ryan; Mizushima, Souichiro; Kondo, Osamu; Shigehara, Nobuo; Yoneda, Minoru; Kimura, Ryosuke (25 August 2020).
934:
A single major migration of modern humans into the continents of Asia and Sahul was strongly supported by earlier studies using mitochondrial DNA, the non-recombining portion of Y chromosomes, and autosomal SNP data . Ancestral
Ancient South Indians with no West Eurasian relatedness, East Asians,
231:
region, and may also harbor some small amounts of "xOoA" admixture from an earlier human dispersal, which did not contribute to any other human population. Alternatively, Australasians can be described as nearly equally admixture between a "Basal East Asian" source (represented by
Tianyuan) and a
1383:
Hoabinhian/Onge-related lineages in southeast Asia (Supplementary Fig. 10), suggesting instead that it represents yet another unsampled lineage within early
Eurasian genetic diversity. This deep Eurasian lineage is likely to represent the Paleolithic genetic substratum of the Plateau populations.
71:
Modern humans of the
Initial Upper Paleolithic wave (IUP) are suggested to have expanded from a population hub through a star-like expansion pattern (>45kya), and are linked to the "East Eurasian" lineage, broadly ancestral to modern populations in Eastern Eurasia, Oceania, and the Americas,
812:
Via the southern route, ancestors of current Asian populations reached
Southeast Asia and a part of Oceania around 70000–50000 years ago, probably through a coastal dispersal route (Bae et al., 2017). The oldest samples providing the genetic evidence of the northern migration route come from a
1382:
our results reject previously suggested sources of gene flow into the
Tibetan lineage13,35,36, including deeply branching Eastern Eurasian lineages, such as the 45,000-year-old Ust'-Ishim individual from southern Siberia, the 40,000-year-old Tianyuan individual from northern China, and
266:
specimens in southeastern Europe, and represent early inland migrations, deeply diverged from all other East Eurasian populations. These deep East Eurasian populations did not contribute to later Eurasian populations, except small contributions to the
66:
Repetitive expansions into Eurasia from a population Hub OoA. Representative samples dated between 45 and 40 ka across Eurasia can be ascribed to a population movement with uniform genetic features and material culture consistent with an IUP
1088:
Vallini, Leonardo; Zampieri, Carlo; Shoaee, Mohamed Javad; Bortolini, Eugenio; Marciani, Giulia; Aneli, Serena; Pievani, Telmo; Benazzi, Stefano; Barausse, Alberto; Mezzavilla, Massimo; Petraglia, Michael D.; Pagani, Luca (25 March 2024).
1019:
Vallini, Leonardo; Zampieri, Carlo; Shoaee, Mohamed Javad; Bortolini, Eugenio; Marciani, Giulia; Aneli, Serena; Pievani, Telmo; Benazzi, Stefano; Barausse, Alberto; Mezzavilla, Massimo; Petraglia, Michael D.; Pagani, Luca (25 March 2024).
560:
Vallini, Leonardo; Zampieri, Carlo; Shoaee, Mohamed Javad; Bortolini, Eugenio; Marciani, Giulia; Aneli, Serena; Pievani, Telmo; Benazzi, Stefano; Barausse, Alberto; Mezzavilla, Massimo; Petraglia, Michael D.; Pagani, Luca (25 March 2024).
1325:
Liu, Chi-Chun; Witonsky, David; Gosling, Anna; Lee, Ju Hyeon; Ringbauer, Harald; Hagan, Richard; Patel, Nisha; Stahl, Raphaela; Novembre, John; Aldenderfer, Mark; Warinner, Christina; Di Rienzo, Anna; Jeong, Choongwon (8 March 2022).
1395:
Wang, Hongru; Yang, Melinda A.; Wangdue, Shargan; Lu, Hongliang; Chen, Honghai; Li, Linhui; Dong, Guanghui; Tsring, Tinley; Yuan, Haibing; He, Wei; Ding, Manyu; Wu, Xiaohong; Li, Shuai; Tashi, Norbu; Yang, Tsho (15 March 2023).
718:
Sato, Takehiro; Adachi, Noboru; Kimura, Ryosuke; Hosomichi, Kazuyoshi; Yoneda, Minoru; Oota, Hiroki; Tajima, Atsushi; Toyoda, Atsushi; Kanzawa-Kiriyama, Hideaki; Matsumae, Hiromi; Koganebuchi, Kae (1 September 2021).
2160:
2025:
251:" that was distinct from other deeply diverged lineages such as Ust'Ishim, Hoabinhian/Onge or Tianyuan, representing the local Paleolithic population of the Tibetan Plateau.
1154:
Yelmen, Burak; Mondal, Mayukh; Marnetto, Davide; Pathak, Ajai K; Montinaro, Francesco; Gallego Romero, Irene; Kivisild, Toomas; Metspalu, Mait; Pagani, Luca (5 April 2019).
1532:
1500:
813:
high-coverage genome sequence of individuals excavated from the Yana RHS site in northeastern Siberia (Figure 2), which is about 31600 years old (Sikora et al., 2019).
656:
1076:... and the split between EEC and WEC, with the former leaving the Hub18, 46 kya (allowing the time for them to reach Ust'Ishim and Bacho Kiro by ~45 kya).
617:... and the split between EEC and WEC, with the former leaving the Hub18, 46 kya (allowing the time for them to reach Ust'Ishim and Bacho Kiro by ~45 kya).
1906:
1634:
1574:
1788:
1260:
Changmai, Piya; Pinhasi, Ron; Pietrusewsky, Michael; Stark, Miriam T.; Ikehara-Quebral, Rona Michi; Reich, David; Flegontov, Pavel (29 December 2022).
1962:
1748:
522:
Nägele, Kathrin; Rivollat, Maite; Yu, He; Wang, Ke (2022). "Ancient genomic research - From broad strokes to nuanced reconstructions of the past".
1899:
1714:
1649:
1624:
1598:
1262:"Ancient DNA from Protohistoric Period Cambodia indicates that South Asians admixed with local populations as early as 1st–3rd centuries CE"
2145:
1957:
1525:
180:— refers to an ancestral population that primarily contributed to Indigenous South Asians. Partially represented by 5,000 – 1,500 year old
62:
1156:"Ancestry-Specific Analyses Reveal Differential Demographic Histories and Opposite Selective Pressures in Modern South Asian Populations"
721:"Whole-Genome Sequencing of a 900-Year-Old Human Skeleton Supports Two Past Migration Events from the Russian Far East to Northern Japan"
2135:
1918:
1894:
1817:
97:
2180:
2107:
1889:
1884:
1709:
1644:
1593:
247:
source (specifically Yellow River farmers), a minor, but significant contribution stems from a deeply diverged East Eurasian local "
235:
Traces of an unsampled deeply diverged East Eurasian lineage can be observed in the genome of ancient and modern inhabitants of the
874:
Population genomic studies on present-day humans7,8 have exclusively supported the southern route origin of East Asian populations.
271:
specimen of Europe. The exact substructure and relationship between these deeper East Eurasian lineages is not well resolved yet.
2223:
1589:
1979:
1930:
1874:
1518:
1211:
Kusuma, Pradiptajati; Cox, Murray P.; Barker, Graeme; Sudoyo, Herawati; Lansing, J. Stephen; Jacobs, Guy S. (1 November 2023).
2228:
2155:
1991:
1879:
128:, are inferred to have used inland routes, the ancestors of all modern East Eurasian populations are inferred to have used a
1463:"The future of the Eurasian past: highlighting plotholes and pillars of human population movements in the Late Pleistocene"
477:"The future of the Eurasian past: highlighting plotholes and pillars of human population movements in the Late Pleistocene"
143:
around 46,000 years ago, and started to diversify themselves 45,000 years ago. This divergence most likely occurred in the
2233:
2065:
1328:"Ancient genomes from the Himalayas illuminate the genetic history of Tibetans and their Tibeto-Burman speaking neighbors"
2170:
2140:
2125:
2075:
1741:
1674:
1654:
1584:
636:"Genetics and Material Culture Support Repeated Expansions into Paleolithic Eurasia from a Population Hub Out of Africa"
105:
2080:
2060:
1805:
1783:
244:
206:— refers to an ancestral population that primarily contributed to humans living in East and Southeast Asia, much of
2097:
2013:
1798:
150:
77:
2070:
1942:
1869:
1849:
280:
101:
45:
2120:
2115:
2090:
1967:
1935:
1689:
35:
to describe the genetic ancestry and phylogenetic relationship of diverse populations primarily living in the
2201:
2102:
2085:
1996:
1972:
1952:
1923:
1812:
1734:
1699:
1694:
1639:
888:"Infectious diseases may have arrested the southward advance of microblades in Upper Palaeolithic East Asia"
184:
individuals as well as modern South Asians. Highest presence among tribal groups of southern India like the
51:
40:
886:
Aoki, Kenichi; Takahata, Naoyuki; Oota, Hiroki; Wakano, Joe Yuichiro; Feldman, Marcus W. (30 August 2023).
163:
Major East Eurasian ancestry lineages which contributed to modern human populations include the following:
2001:
1984:
1947:
1837:
1619:
1541:
828:"Ancient Jomon genome sequence analysis sheds light on migration patterns of early East Asian populations"
85:
2055:
1822:
1494:
1007:
Asia as an important source for the peopling of East Asia and Australasia via a rapid, early settlement.
304:
196:, serving as an imperfect proxy, the Andamanese groups are genetically closer to the 'Basal East Asian'
418:
305:"A working model of the deep relationships of diverse modern human genetic lineages outside of Africa"
2018:
1793:
1776:
1409:
1339:
1273:
1102:
1033:
961:
781:
574:
81:
2238:
2042:
1842:
32:
1610:
803:
454:
399:
193:
129:
73:
782:"Exploring models of human migration to the Japanese archipelago using genome-wide genetic data"
2030:
2006:
1911:
1832:
1827:
1684:
1665:
1629:
1565:
1482:
1443:
1425:
1373:
1355:
1307:
1289:
1242:
1234:
1193:
1175:
1136:
1118:
1067:
1049:
997:
979:
925:
907:
865:
847:
758:
740:
700:
650:
608:
590:
539:
504:
496:
446:
438:
391:
383:
342:
324:
255:
218:
117:
93:
1474:
1433:
1417:
1363:
1347:
1297:
1281:
1224:
1183:
1167:
1126:
1110:
1057:
1041:
987:
969:
915:
899:
855:
839:
793:
748:
732:
690:
635:
598:
582:
531:
488:
430:
373:
332:
316:
248:
1091:"The Persian plateau served as hub for Homo sapiens after the main out of Africa dispersal"
1022:"The Persian plateau served as hub for Homo sapiens after the main out of Africa dispersal"
563:"The Persian plateau served as hub for Homo sapiens after the main out of Africa dispersal"
222:
Estimated ancestry components among selected modern populations per Changmai et al. (2022).
1859:
263:
254:
Deeper IUP-associated East Eurasian lineages have been associated with the remains of the
236:
144:
1438:
1413:
1397:
1343:
1277:
1131:
1106:
1090:
1062:
1037:
1021:
965:
920:
887:
603:
578:
562:
378:
361:
108:. While certain Initial Upper Paleolithic populations represented by specimens found in
1757:
1679:
1368:
1327:
1302:
1261:
1188:
992:
949:
860:
827:
753:
337:
207:
140:
1213:"Deep ancestry of Bornean hunter-gatherers supports long-term local ancestry dynamics"
2217:
1704:
1462:
807:
458:
185:
403:
1771:
197:
189:
109:
36:
1229:
1212:
154:
Inferred model for the phylogenetic substructure of Eastern Eurasian populations.
1579:
268:
171:
1351:
1285:
1114:
1045:
843:
586:
419:"Human evolutionary history in Eastern Eurasia using insights from ancient DNA"
434:
211:
133:
121:
1429:
1359:
1293:
1238:
1179:
1122:
1053:
983:
911:
851:
744:
704:
594:
500:
442:
387:
328:
1171:
974:
695:
678:
320:
1486:
1447:
1421:
1377:
1311:
1246:
1197:
1140:
1071:
1001:
929:
903:
869:
762:
612:
543:
508:
450:
395:
346:
210:, as well as Siberia and the Americas. Represented by ancient Tianyuan and
736:
1510:
240:
192:. While the lineage is occasionally represented by the distantly related
1155:
679:"A genetic history of migration, diversification, and admixture in Asia"
1550:
1478:
798:
535:
492:
228:
89:
720:
1398:"Human genetic history on the Tibetan Plateau in the past 5100 years"
476:
125:
113:
217:
149:
61:
1726:
1555:
259:
1730:
1514:
950:"Anatomically modern human in Southeast Asia (Laos) by 46 ka"
227:
lineage however received higher archaic admixture in the
892:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
362:"Ancient Genomics of Modern Humans: The First Decade"
39:
region, belonging to the "Eastern Eurasian clade" of
470:
468:
360:
Skoglund, Pontus; Mathieson, Iain (31 August 2018).
214:
specimens and present-day East and Southeast Asians.
16:
Ancestry of people living in the Asia-Pacific region
2041:
1858:
1764:
1664:
1609:
1564:
629:
627:
625:
1461:Vallini, Pagani, Leonardo, Luca (December 2022).
298:
296:
954:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
232:deeper East Eurasian lineage not sampled yet.
1742:
1526:
423:Current Opinion in Genetics & Development
139:Ancient East Eurasians diverged from Ancient
8:
1499:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
768:with the southern wave, probably in Siberia.
366:Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics
136:, where they subsequently diverged rapidly.
655:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1749:
1735:
1727:
1533:
1519:
1511:
1437:
1367:
1301:
1228:
1187:
1130:
1061:
991:
973:
919:
859:
797:
752:
694:
602:
377:
336:
475:Vallini, Leonardo; Pagani, Luca (2022).
417:Zhang, Ming; Fu, Qiaomei (1 June 2020).
292:
43:, and which can be associated with the
1492:
683:Human Population Genetics and Genomics
672:
670:
668:
666:
648:
178:Ancient Ancestral South Indian lineage
7:
780:Osada, Naoki; Kawai, Yosuke (2021).
555:
553:
243:mostly derive their ancestry from a
1467:Journal of Anthropological Sciences
677:Yang, Melinda A. (6 January 2022).
634:Vallini et al. 2022 (4 July 2022).
524:Journal of Anthropological Sciences
481:Journal of Anthropological Sciences
379:10.1146/annurev-genom-083117-021749
303:Lipson, Mark; Reich, David (2017).
1818:Blood type distribution by country
14:
2196:
2195:
204:East and Southeast Asian lineage
1160:Molecular Biology and Evolution
309:Molecular Biology and Evolution
23:, alternatively also known as
1:
1230:10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113346
725:Genome Biology and Evolution
425:. Genetics of Human Origin.
2255:
1799:Neanderthal genome project
1690:Settlement of the Americas
1352:10.1038/s41467-022-28827-2
1286:10.1038/s41598-022-26799-3
1115:10.1038/s41467-024-46161-7
1046:10.1038/s41467-024-46161-7
844:10.1038/s42003-020-01162-2
587:10.1038/s41467-024-46161-7
2191:
1548:
435:10.1016/j.gde.2020.06.009
281:Initial Upper Paleolithic
46:Initial Upper Paleolithic
1936:Caucasus hunter-gatherer
1700:Western hunter-gatherers
130:Southern dispersal route
2224:Archaeogenetic lineages
1997:Ancient Northeast Asian
1973:Eastern hunter-gatherer
1953:Western hunter-gatherer
1924:Early Anatolian farmers
1695:Ancient North Eurasians
975:10.1073/pnas.1208104109
786:Anthropological Science
696:10.47248/hpgg2202010001
52:Out of Africa migration
41:human genetic diversity
2002:Ancient Paleo-Siberian
1985:Ancient North Eurasian
1948:Early European Farmers
1542:Early human migrations
1422:10.1126/sciadv.add5582
904:10.1098/rspb.2023.1262
832:Communications Biology
258:from Siberia, and the
223:
155:
86:Aboriginal Australians
68:
2229:Peopling of the world
1823:Genealogical DNA test
1784:Evolutionary genetics
1332:Nature Communications
1172:10.1093/molbev/msz037
1095:Nature Communications
1026:Nature Communications
567:Nature Communications
321:10.1093/molbev/msw293
221:
153:
65:
21:Ancient East Eurasian
2234:Last Glacial Maximum
1794:Neanderthal genetics
1777:Human Genome Project
168:Australasian lineage
98:Indigenous Americans
82:Indigenous Siberians
2177:Sub-Saharan Africa
2146:Tamils (Sri Lankan)
2043:Population genetics
1850:Genetic enhancement
1843:Surname DNA project
1414:2023SciA....9D5582W
1344:2022NatCo..13.1203L
1278:2022NatSR..1222507C
1107:2024NatCo..15.1882V
1038:2024NatCo..15.1882V
966:2012PNAS..10914375D
960:(36): 14375–14380.
737:10.1093/gbe/evab192
579:2024NatCo..15.1882V
245:northern East Asian
172:Philippine Negritos
33:population genomics
1611:Middle Paleolithic
1479:10.4436/JASS.10013
1266:Scientific Reports
799:10.1537/ase.201215
536:10.4436/jass.10017
493:10.4436/JASS.10013
224:
194:Andamanese peoples
156:
69:
2211:
2210:
2031:Ancient Beringian
1833:Race and genetics
1828:Genetic genealogy
1813:Genetic variation
1724:
1723:
1685:Ancient Beringian
1666:Upper Paleolithic
1635:archaic admixture
1630:Coastal migration
1580:Neanderthal range
1566:Lower Paleolithic
94:Pacific Islanders
2246:
2199:
2198:
1900:African diaspora
1890:Eastern Africa‎‎
1838:Recent evolution
1789:Human-chimp MRCA
1751:
1744:
1737:
1728:
1625:Out of Africa II
1535:
1528:
1521:
1512:
1505:
1504:
1498:
1490:
1473:(100): 231–241.
1458:
1452:
1451:
1441:
1408:(11): eadd5582.
1402:Science Advances
1392:
1386:
1385:
1371:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1305:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1232:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1191:
1166:(8): 1628–1642.
1151:
1145:
1144:
1134:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1065:
1016:
1010:
1009:
995:
977:
944:
938:
937:
923:
883:
877:
876:
863:
822:
816:
815:
801:
777:
771:
770:
756:
715:
709:
708:
698:
674:
661:
660:
654:
646:
644:
642:
631:
620:
619:
606:
557:
548:
547:
530:(100): 193–230.
519:
513:
512:
487:(100): 231–241.
472:
463:
462:
414:
408:
407:
381:
357:
351:
350:
340:
300:
249:Ghost population
96:, and mostly in
78:Southeast Asians
50:, following the
29:Eastern Eurasian
2254:
2253:
2249:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2244:
2243:
2214:
2213:
2212:
2207:
2187:
2167:Southeast Asia
2045:
2037:
1895:Southern Africa
1862:
1860:Genetic history
1854:
1760:
1755:
1725:
1720:
1719:
1660:
1659:
1605:
1604:
1575:Out of Africa I
1560:
1544:
1539:
1509:
1508:
1491:
1460:
1459:
1455:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1018:
1017:
1013:
946:
945:
941:
885:
884:
880:
824:
823:
819:
779:
778:
774:
717:
716:
712:
676:
675:
664:
647:
640:
638:
633:
632:
623:
559:
558:
551:
521:
520:
516:
474:
473:
466:
416:
415:
411:
359:
358:
354:
302:
301:
294:
289:
277:
264:Bacho Kiro cave
239:. While modern
237:Tibetan Plateau
182:Indus Periphery
161:
145:Persian Plateau
100:,and partly in
60:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2252:
2250:
2242:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2216:
2215:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2205:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2183:
2175:
2174:
2173:
2165:
2164:
2163:
2158:
2150:
2149:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2130:
2129:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2094:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2049:
2047:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2034:
2033:
2023:
2022:
2021:
2014:Southeast Asia
2011:
2010:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1989:
1988:
1987:
1977:
1976:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1928:
1927:
1926:
1916:
1915:
1914:
1904:
1903:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1885:Central Africa
1882:
1877:
1866:
1864:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1852:
1847:
1846:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1810:
1809:
1808:
1803:
1802:
1801:
1791:
1781:
1780:
1779:
1768:
1766:
1762:
1761:
1758:Human genetics
1756:
1754:
1753:
1746:
1739:
1731:
1722:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1680:Mammoth steppe
1677:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1596:
1590:Southeast Asia
1587:
1582:
1577:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1562:
1561:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1540:
1538:
1537:
1530:
1523:
1515:
1507:
1506:
1453:
1387:
1317:
1252:
1223:(11): 113346.
1203:
1146:
1080:
1011:
939:
878:
817:
772:
731:(9): evab192.
710:
662:
621:
549:
514:
464:
409:
372:(1): 381–404.
352:
315:(4): 889–902.
291:
290:
288:
285:
284:
283:
276:
273:
256:Ust'-Ishim man
216:
215:
208:Remote Oceania
201:
175:
160:
157:
141:West Eurasians
118:Ust'-Ishim man
116:, such as the
106:Central Asians
59:
56:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2251:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2204:
2203:
2194:
2193:
2190:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2027:
2024:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2012:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1993:
1990:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1981:
1978:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1958:British Isles
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1944:
1941:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1932:
1929:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1920:
1917:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1908:
1905:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1880:West Africa‎‎
1878:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1851:
1848:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1814:
1811:
1807:
1804:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1786:
1785:
1782:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1752:
1747:
1745:
1740:
1738:
1733:
1732:
1729:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1705:Younger Dryas
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1663:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1558:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1543:
1536:
1531:
1529:
1524:
1522:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1502:
1496:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1457:
1454:
1449:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1391:
1388:
1384:
1379:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1321:
1318:
1313:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1256:
1253:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1207:
1204:
1199:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1150:
1147:
1142:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1084:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1015:
1012:
1008:
1003:
999:
994:
989:
985:
981:
976:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
943:
940:
936:
931:
927:
922:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
882:
879:
875:
871:
867:
862:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
821:
818:
814:
809:
805:
800:
795:
791:
787:
783:
776:
773:
769:
764:
760:
755:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
714:
711:
706:
702:
697:
692:
688:
684:
680:
673:
671:
669:
667:
663:
658:
652:
637:
630:
628:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
605:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
556:
554:
550:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
518:
515:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
471:
469:
465:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
413:
410:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
380:
375:
371:
367:
363:
356:
353:
348:
344:
339:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
299:
297:
293:
286:
282:
279:
278:
274:
272:
270:
265:
261:
257:
252:
250:
246:
242:
238:
233:
230:
220:
213:
209:
205:
202:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
176:
173:
169:
166:
165:
164:
158:
152:
148:
146:
142:
137:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
64:
57:
55:
54:(>60kya).
53:
49:
47:
42:
38:
34:
31:, is used in
30:
26:
25:East Eurasian
22:
2200:
2098:Azerbaijanis
1980:Central Asia
1875:North Africa
1772:Human genome
1554:
1495:cite journal
1470:
1466:
1456:
1405:
1401:
1390:
1381:
1335:
1331:
1320:
1272:(1): 22507.
1269:
1265:
1255:
1220:
1217:Cell Reports
1216:
1206:
1163:
1159:
1149:
1098:
1094:
1083:
1075:
1029:
1025:
1014:
1005:
957:
953:
942:
933:
895:
891:
881:
873:
835:
831:
820:
811:
792:(1): 45–58.
789:
785:
775:
766:
728:
724:
713:
686:
682:
639:. Retrieved
616:
570:
566:
527:
523:
517:
484:
480:
426:
422:
412:
369:
365:
355:
312:
308:
253:
234:
225:
203:
198:Tianyuan man
181:
177:
167:
162:
138:
110:Central Asia
102:South Asians
70:
67:affiliation.
44:
37:Asia-Pacific
28:
24:
20:
18:
2156:Han Chinese
2132:South Asia
1919:Middle East
1715:Philippines
1675:LGM refugia
1650:Philippines
1599:Philippines
1338:(1): 1203.
1101:(1): 1882.
1032:(1): 1882.
689:(1): 1–32.
573:(1): 1882.
269:Goyet Caves
74:East Asians
2239:Mesolithic
2218:Categories
2181:Hutu/Tutsi
2152:East Asia
2066:Bulgarians
1907:South Asia
1765:Sub-topics
1559:dispersals
838:(1): 437.
287:References
212:Hoabinhian
134:South Asia
122:Bacho Kiro
48:(IUP) wave
2171:Filipinos
2141:Sinhalese
2136:Gujaratis
2126:Moroccans
2121:Egyptians
2076:Romanians
1992:East Asia
1863:by region
1640:Australia
1430:2375-2548
1360:2041-1723
1294:2045-2322
1239:2211-1247
1180:0737-4038
1123:2041-1723
1054:2041-1723
984:0027-8424
912:0962-8452
852:2399-3642
808:234247309
745:1759-6653
705:2770-5005
595:2041-1723
501:1827-4765
459:220671047
443:0959-437X
429:: 78–84.
388:1527-8204
329:0737-4038
58:Dispersal
19:The term
2202:Category
2161:Japanese
2081:Russians
2061:Bosniaks
2046:by group
2019:Thailand
1931:Caucasus
1806:Timeline
1487:36565457
1448:36930720
1439:10022901
1378:35260549
1312:36581666
1247:37917587
1198:30952160
1141:38528002
1132:10963722
1072:38528002
1063:10963722
1002:22908291
930:37644833
921:10465978
898:(2005).
870:32843717
763:34410389
651:cite web
641:16 April
613:38528002
604:10963722
544:36576953
509:36565457
451:32688244
404:19933330
396:29709204
347:28074030
275:See also
241:Tibetans
159:Lineages
132:through
72:notably
2056:Basques
2052:Europe
2026:America
1551:Hominin
1410:Bibcode
1369:8904508
1340:Bibcode
1303:9800559
1274:Bibcode
1189:6657728
1103:Bibcode
1034:Bibcode
993:3437904
962:Bibcode
861:7447786
754:8449830
575:Bibcode
338:5400393
229:Oceania
90:Papuans
2071:Croats
1963:Iberia
1943:Europe
1870:Africa
1655:Europe
1620:Africa
1585:Europe
1485:
1446:
1436:
1428:
1376:
1366:
1358:
1310:
1300:
1292:
1245:
1237:
1196:
1186:
1178:
1139:
1129:
1121:
1070:
1060:
1052:
1000:
990:
982:
928:
918:
910:
868:
858:
850:
806:
761:
751:
743:
703:
611:
601:
593:
542:
507:
499:
457:
449:
441:
402:
394:
386:
345:
335:
327:
186:Paniya
126:Oase 2
114:Europe
2116:Arabs
2112:MENA
2108:Turks
2091:Serbs
2007:China
1968:Italy
1912:India
1710:Burma
1645:Burma
1594:Burma
804:S2CID
455:S2CID
400:S2CID
190:Irula
2103:Jews
2086:Sami
1556:Homo
1553:and
1501:link
1483:PMID
1444:PMID
1426:ISSN
1374:PMID
1356:ISSN
1308:PMID
1290:ISSN
1243:PMID
1235:ISSN
1194:PMID
1176:ISSN
1137:PMID
1119:ISSN
1068:PMID
1050:ISSN
998:PMID
980:ISSN
926:PMID
908:ISSN
866:PMID
848:ISSN
759:PMID
741:ISSN
701:ISSN
657:link
643:2023
609:PMID
591:ISSN
540:PMID
505:PMID
497:ISSN
447:PMID
439:ISSN
392:PMID
384:ISSN
343:PMID
325:ISSN
262:and
260:Oase
188:and
112:and
104:and
1475:doi
1471:100
1434:PMC
1418:doi
1364:PMC
1348:doi
1298:PMC
1282:doi
1225:doi
1184:PMC
1168:doi
1127:PMC
1111:doi
1058:PMC
1042:doi
988:PMC
970:doi
958:109
916:PMC
900:doi
896:290
856:PMC
840:doi
794:doi
790:129
749:PMC
733:doi
691:doi
599:PMC
583:doi
532:doi
528:100
489:doi
485:100
431:doi
374:doi
333:PMC
317:doi
124:or
27:or
2220::
1497:}}
1493:{{
1481:.
1469:.
1465:.
1442:.
1432:.
1424:.
1416:.
1404:.
1400:.
1380:.
1372:.
1362:.
1354:.
1346:.
1336:13
1334:.
1330:.
1306:.
1296:.
1288:.
1280:.
1270:12
1268:.
1264:.
1241:.
1233:.
1221:42
1219:.
1215:.
1192:.
1182:.
1174:.
1164:36
1162:.
1158:.
1135:.
1125:.
1117:.
1109:.
1099:15
1097:.
1093:.
1074:.
1066:.
1056:.
1048:.
1040:.
1030:15
1028:.
1024:.
1004:.
996:.
986:.
978:.
968:.
956:.
952:.
932:.
924:.
914:.
906:.
894:.
890:.
872:.
864:.
854:.
846:.
834:.
830:.
810:.
802:.
788:.
784:.
765:.
757:.
747:.
739:.
729:13
727:.
723:.
699:.
685:.
681:.
665:^
653:}}
649:{{
624:^
615:.
607:.
597:.
589:.
581:.
571:15
569:.
565:.
552:^
538:.
526:.
503:.
495:.
483:.
479:.
467:^
453:.
445:.
437:.
427:62
421:.
398:.
390:.
382:.
370:19
368:.
364:.
341:.
331:.
323:.
313:34
311:.
307:.
295:^
147:.
120:,
92:,
88:,
84:,
80:,
76:,
1750:e
1743:t
1736:v
1601:)
1592:(
1534:e
1527:t
1520:v
1503:)
1489:.
1477::
1450:.
1420::
1412::
1406:9
1350::
1342::
1314:.
1284::
1276::
1249:.
1227::
1200:.
1170::
1143:.
1113::
1105::
1044::
1036::
972::
964::
902::
842::
836:3
796::
735::
707:.
693::
687:2
659:)
645:.
585::
577::
546:.
534::
511:.
491::
461:.
433::
406:.
376::
349:.
319::
200:.
174:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
