324:). Identifying her as a queen of Ashurbanipal is problematic given that Libbāli-šarrat is otherwise assumed to have been his only queen and the mother of his most prominent children. Libbāli-šarrat was married to Ashurbanipal before he became king, perhaps in 672 BC, and appears in artwork from 653 BC. Aššur-etil-ilāni, Ashurbanipal's son and successor, was an adult at the time of his accession in 631 BC and may have been named heir as early as 660 BC.
141:, is a shallow dish made for some specific, though unknown, purpose. The inscription runs around the top, on the flat edge of the rim. It is unclear if the inscription is complete (and thus only a mark of ownership of the vessel) or if it is only fragmentary and was previously longer since only about half of the circumference of the vessel is preserved. The inscription was first examined and identified as recording a previously unknown Assyrian queen by
273:) and the mother of Sennacherib, and that she thus lived in Nineveh after her husband's death. This hypothesis is problematic for three reasons. Firstly, it is likely that the position of queen was not retained upon the death of the king. Secondly, Sennacherib in an inscription discovered in 2014 explicitly identified his mother by the name Ra'īmâ. Thirdly, if she had been Sennacherib's mother she would appropriately have been titled as
1173:
979:
313:. Though the provenance of the stone vessel could support association with Esarhaddon, documentary evidence suggests that Esarhaddon did not remarry after Esharra-hamat's death in 672 BC and that Assyria was without a queen for the last four years of his reign; lists of officials at the royal court from after 672 BC include several officials employed by the "Mother of the Queen" (
95:. She is known only from a single fragmentary inscription and it has as of yet not been possible to confidently identify which king was her husband. She is the only Neo-Assyrian queen known by name whose husband and dates are unknown. Though various identifications have been proposed, the hypothesis with the least problems is that she was the wife of one of the last Assyrian kings,
259:
A frequently suggested possibility is that Ana-Tašmētum-taklāk was the queen of Aššur-etil-ilāni or Sîn-šar-iškun and as such one of the last
Assyrian queens. It is known that both Aššur-etil-ilāni and Sîn-šar-iškun were married, as queens are attested for both of them in administrative documents,
185:
It has as of yet not been possible to identify which king was Ana-Tašmētum-taklāk's husband and she is the only Neo-Assyrian queen known by name whose husband and dates are unknown.. Since her inscriptions is from either
Nineveh or Tarbisu, she must have been active in or after the reign of
297:
names another woman of
Sennacherib whose name, although mutilated away, might not be reconstructable as either Tašmētu-šarrat or Naqiʾa. It has been suggested that this stele was mutilated in the reign of Esarhaddon and that this woman was the mother of Sennacherib's son and murderer
284:, and the mother of his oldest children. It is notoriously difficult to reconstruct the chronology and number of relationships of Sennacherib; he is known to have had at least two consorts; Tašmētu-šarrat (who is attested as queen for certain around 694 BC) and
292:
713 BC) and was prominent in his reign (indicating she was alive throughout
Sennacherib's reign) but might not have actually held the title of queen. Some have suggested that there was a third consort of Sennacherib, since a stele from
356:, but this was reserved for goddesses and foreign queens who ruled in their own right. Because the consorts of the kings did not rule themselves, they were not regarded as their equals and as such not called
747:
Gansell, Amy
Rebecca (2018). "In Pursuit of Neo-Assyrian Queens: An Interdisciplinary Model for Researching Ancient Women and Engendering Ancient History". In Svärd, Saana; Agnès, Garcia-Ventura (eds.).
201:. She has variously been suggested by different authors to have been the wife of every king during the period when Nineveh was the capital. Finkel's original hypotheses included her being the queen of
317:) and the crown prince (Ashurbanipal), but none employed by the queen. It is most likely that the duties and responsibilities of the queen were handled by Esarhaddon's mother during this time.
327:
If Aššur-etil-ilāni was Libbāli-šarrat's son, Libbāli-šarrat was alive at the time of
Ashurbanipal's death and later as well since documents from his reign mention the "Mother of the King".
309:
Queen of
Esarhaddon: identifying Ana-Tašmētum-taklāk as a queen of Esarhaddon means that she would have been his second wife, married to him after the death of his first wife
320:
Queen of
Ashurbanipal: identifying Ana-Tašmētum-taklāk as a queen of Ashurbanipal means that she would have been his first or second wife (married to him before or after
895:
280:
Queen of
Sennacherib: it is possible that Ana-Tašmētum-taklāk was the first wife of Sennacherib, perhaps married to him before his more well-attested wife
269:
Queen of Sargon II: identifying Ana-Tašmētum-taklāk as a queen of Sargon II means that she would have been his second wife (married to him before or after
1013:
302:. However, the fragments that are left do not preserve any title and the traces do not appear to allow for reconstructing the word for "queen" (
681:
1215:
757:
708:
666:
197:
705–681 BC); it was only in his reign that
Nineveh was made the capital of the empire and Tarbisu was made the residence of the
904:
277:("Mother of the King"), a title first attested in Sennacherib's reign, not by the normal title of the queen ("Woman of the Palace").
39:
92:
1225:
1205:
1006:
1195:
881:
888:
1210:
915:
145:
in 2000 during a project of editing and compiling cuneiform inscriptions for a study on Assyrian stone vessels by
1200:
1176:
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235:
96:
50:
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270:
797:
281:
246:
107:
54:
656:
310:
1128:
966:
321:
146:
345:
150:
784:
137:. An origin in Nineveh is more probable. The vessel, given the designation 55-12-5, 252, in the
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704:
662:
77:
62:
1157:
1107:
1086:
1076:
1022:
945:
834:
822:
809:
776:
719:
344:
Though usually used by historians today, the title of "queen" as such did not exist in the
1123:
961:
676:
1118:
956:
138:
1189:
1081:
823:"Finding Hama: On the Identification of a Forgotten Queen Buried in the Nimrud Tombs"
788:
142:
873:
17:
1149:
1144:
1061:
925:
738:
Frahm, Eckart (1999). "Kabale und Liebe: Die königliche Familie am Hof zu Ninive".
299:
224:
198:
698:
1041:
920:
187:
1056:
213:
1036:
202:
126:
1112:
950:
314:
285:
780:
134:
130:
740:
Von Babylon bis Jerusalem: Die Welt der altorientalischen Königsstädte
991:
838:
813:
294:
288:, who was the mother of Sennacherib's successor Esarhaddon (born
125:
Ana-Tašmētum-taklāk is known only from an inscription on a burnt
798:"Libbali-sharrat in the Garden: An Assyrian Queen Holding Court"
995:
877:
767:
Kertai, David (2013). "The Queens of the Neo-Assyrian Empire".
364:(woman of the palace). In Assyrian, this term was rendered
846:
Svärd, Saana (2015). "Changes in Neo-Assyrian Queenship".
727:
N.A.B.U. – Nouvelles Assyriologiques Brèves et Utilitaires
360:. Instead, the term reserved for the primary consort was
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1137:
1095:
1029:
260:though no known inscriptions preserve their names.
61:
46:
32:
862:Women and their Agency in the Neo-Assyrian Empire
658:Southern Mesopotamia in the time of Ashurbanipal
174:
158:
425:
423:
421:
419:
417:
415:
1007:
889:
348:. The feminine version of the word for king (
8:
156:The inscription on the stone vessel reads:
1014:
1000:
992:
896:
882:
874:
29:
750:Studying Gender in the Ancient Near East
406:
626:
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337:
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521:
481:
464:
394:
638:
602:
563:
536:
502:
7:
682:Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative
802:Source: Notes in the History of Art
742:(in German). Reiss-Museum Mannheim.
848:State Archives of Assyria Bulletin
25:
905:Queens of the Neo-Assyrian Empire
868:(Thesis). University of Helsinki.
1172:
1171:
978:
977:
752:. University Park: Eisenbrauns.
429:
93:queen of the Neo-Assyrian Empire
827:Journal of Near Eastern Studies
251:
240:
229:
218:
207:
192:
112:
101:
1:
289:
769:Altorientalische Forschungen
700:Sennacherib, King of Assyria
821:Spurrier, Tracy L. (2017).
1242:
1216:Ancient Mesopotamian women
916:Mullissu-mukannishat-Ninua
1169:
975:
911:
655:Ahmed, Sami Said (2018).
172:Translated into English:
37:
176:mētum-taklāk, the Queen.
718:Finkel, Irving (2000).
697:Elayi, Josette (2018).
368:, later abbreviated to
796:Kertai, David (2020).
720:"A New Assyrian Queen"
703:. Atlanta: SBL Press.
264:Problematic hypotheses
178:
170:
27:Ancient Assyrian queen
1226:7th-century BC people
1206:7th-century BC births
859:Teppo, Saana (2005).
781:10.1524/aof.2013.0006
677:"Ana-tašmētum-taklāk"
661:. Walter de Gruyter.
1129:Ana-Tashmetum-taklak
967:Ana-Tashmetum-taklak
245:631–627 BC) or
106:631–627 BC) or
18:Ana-Tashmetum-taklak
1196:Neo-Assyrian Empire
641:, pp. 122–123.
578:, pp. 116–118.
346:Neo-Assyrian Empire
129:vessel from either
82:Ana-Tašmētum-taklāk
74:Ana-Tašmētum-taklāk
67:Ana-Tašmētum-taklāk
40:Woman of the Palace
33:Ana-Tašmētum-taklāk
256:627–612 BC).
234:669–631 BC),
223:681–669 BC),
212:722–705 BC),
117:627–612 BC).
86:Ana-Tašmētu-taklak
1211:Ancient Assyrians
1183:
1182:
1162:
1073:
1068:Shamash-shum-ukin
1053:
1048:Ashur-nadin-shumi
989:
988:
363:
71:
70:
16:(Redirected from
1233:
1201:Sargonid dynasty
1175:
1174:
1158:Full family tree
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1108:Tashmetu-sharrat
1087:Ashur-uballit II
1077:Ashur-etil-ilani
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1051:
1023:Sargonid dynasty
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51:Aššur-etil-ilāni
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839:10.1086/690911
833:(1): 149–174.
818:
814:10.1086/709188
808:(4): 209–218.
793:
775:(1): 108–124.
764:
759:978-1575067704
758:
744:
735:
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710:978-0884143178
709:
694:
673:
668:978-3111033587
667:
651:
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646:
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631:
629:, p. 163.
619:
617:, p. 209.
607:
605:, p. 322.
595:
593:, p. 119.
580:
568:
556:
554:, p. 112.
541:
539:, p. 161.
526:
524:, p. 121.
507:
486:
484:, p. 120.
469:
434:
411:
409:, p. 173.
399:
397:, p. 109.
383:
381:
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375:
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336:
335:
333:
330:
329:
328:
322:Libbāli-šarrat
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307:
282:Tašmētu-šarrat
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265:
262:
182:
181:Identification
179:
161:
139:British Museum
133:or the nearby
122:
119:
69:
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569:
566:, p. 13.
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527:
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505:, p. 39.
504:
499:
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491:
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467:, p. 12.
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407:Spurrier 2017
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311:Ešarra-ḫammat
308:
301:
296:
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261:
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248:
247:Sîn-šar-iškun
237:
226:
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157:
154:
152:
148:
144:
143:Irving Finkel
140:
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108:Sîn-šar-iškun
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56:
55:Sîn-šar-iškun
52:
49:
45:
42:
41:
36:
31:
19:
1156:
1150:Serua-eterat
1145:Arda-Mulissu
1066:
1062:Ashurbanipal
1046:
861:
851:
847:
830:
826:
805:
801:
772:
768:
749:
739:
730:
726:
699:
686:. Retrieved
680:
657:
648:Bibliography
634:
627:Gansell 2018
622:
610:
598:
571:
559:
402:
369:
365:
357:
353:
349:
340:
325:
300:Arda-Mulissu
274:
258:
225:Ashurbanipal
199:crown prince
184:
175:
171:
159:
155:
151:Ann Searight
124:
89:
85:
81:
73:
72:
38:
1042:Sennacherib
921:Shammuramat
615:Kertai 2020
591:Kertai 2013
576:Kertai 2013
552:Kertai 2013
522:Kertai 2013
482:Kertai 2013
465:Finkel 2000
395:Kertai 2013
366:issi ekalli
362:MUNUS É.GAL
188:Sennacherib
121:Inscription
1190:Categories
1057:Esarhaddon
854:: 157–171.
688:19 January
639:Ahmed 2018
603:Frahm 1999
564:Elayi 2018
537:Svärd 2015
503:Teppo 2005
380:References
214:Esarhaddon
1072:(Babylon)
1052:(Babylon)
1037:Sargon II
789:163392326
275:ummi šari
203:Sargon II
127:limestone
1177:Category
1096:Consorts
983:Category
358:šarratum
354:šarratum
304:mí.é.gal
166:mí.é.gal
78:Akkadian
63:Akkadian
370:sēgallu
254:
243:
232:
221:
210:
195:
135:Tarbisu
131:Nineveh
115:
104:
1138:Others
1113:Naqi'a
1103:Atalia
951:Naqi'a
941:Atalia
936:Banitu
787:
756:
707:
665:
352:) was
350:šarrum
315:Naqiʾa
286:Naqiʾa
271:Atalia
164:--lak
160:-me-tu
91:was a
47:Spouse
1030:Kings
866:(PDF)
785:S2CID
733:: 12.
723:(PDF)
332:Notes
295:Assur
931:Iaba
926:Hama
754:ISBN
705:ISBN
690:2022
663:ISBN
430:CDLI
149:and
1115:(?)
953:(?)
852:XXI
835:doi
810:doi
777:doi
84:or
57:(?)
53:or
1192::
850:.
831:76
829:.
825:.
806:39
804:.
800:.
783:.
773:40
771:.
729:.
725:.
679:.
583:^
544:^
529:^
510:^
489:^
472:^
437:^
414:^
387:^
306:).
290:c.
252:r.
241:r.
230:r.
219:r.
208:r.
193:r.
153:.
113:r.
102:r.
80::
1161:)
1155:(
1015:e
1008:t
1001:v
897:e
890:t
883:v
841:.
837::
816:.
812::
791:.
779::
762:.
731:1
713:.
692:.
671:.
432:.
372:.
249:(
238:(
227:(
216:(
205:(
190:(
168:.
162:4
110:(
99:(
88:)
76:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.