55:
In 1687, Eugenia sold her grandson
Francisco to his father Miguel; Miguel freed him the same day. Four years later, in 1691, Eugenia sold her grand-daughters Maria (born 1682) and Feliciana (born 1685) to their father, who, again, promptly freed them. In colonial Costa Rica, children and women were
63:
Cardoso was 'freed' in 1689 by
Eugenia, however she was obliged to remain in service until the older woman's death. This came in 1692. Two further children were born free in 1691 and 1694. In 1715, Miguel created his will, leaving Cardoso goods from his house up to the value of 200 pesos. It also
51:
Tomás Calvo and his wife, Eugenia de Abarca. Their son, Miguel Calvo, began a sexual relationship with
Cardoso, and over the following twenty years she had at least five children with him. Technically these children were owned by their grandmother, Eugenia.
26:
mother, whose life and eventual freedom is seen to exemplify the experiences of enslaved Costa Rican women in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Her descendants include former presidents, such as
129:
84:, refer to the change in circumstance of her life as one that was common, but often unrecorded, and a significant contributor to the development of Costa Rican society.
47:, Costa Rica, Cardoso's mother was an enslaved woman owned by Ana Pereira Cardoso. At around twenty years old Cardoso was purchased for 300 pesos by
275:
206:
175:
149:
48:
265:
192:
301:
296:
165:
81:
311:
88:
223:
306:
316:
73:
44:
96:
32:
271:
202:
171:
145:
137:
141:
240:
92:
28:
290:
77:
64:
recognised his children as heirs, and bequeathed other enslaved people to them.
57:
194:
Africans Into
Creoles: Slavery, Ethnicity, and Identity in Colonial Costa Rica
23:
76:
to exemplify that of enslaved women from this period. In the same way
267:
Blacks and
Blackness in Central America: Between Race and Place
167:
The New Key to Costa Rica: Your Guide to the Land and
Culture
134:
Dictionary of
Caribbean and Afro–Latin American Biography
222:Chaverri, Carlos Meléndez; Duncan, Quince (1974).
264:Gudmundson, Lowell; Wolfe, Justin (2010-10-18).
8:
164:Blake, Beatrice; Becher, Anne (2004-11-22).
270:. Duke University Press. pp. 245–247.
201:]. University of New Mexico Press.
107:
87:Many of her descendants include former
16:Costa Rican woman (c. 1650 – c. 1715)
7:
142:10.1093/acref/9780199935796.001.0001
123:
121:
119:
117:
115:
113:
111:
228:(in Spanish). Editorial Costa Rica.
14:
225:El negro en Costa Rica: antologĂa
1:
136:, Oxford University Press,
333:
72:Cardoso's life is seen by
97:Carlos Luis Fallas Sibaja
95:. Another was the writer
33:Carlos Luis Fallas Sibaja
22:(c.1650 - c.1715) was an
89:Presidents of Costa Rica
82:Carlos Meléndez Chaverri
31:, as well as the writer
191:Lohse, Russell (2014).
128:Lohse, Russell (2016),
170:. Simon and Schuster.
241:"Prejudice and Pride"
239:Gudmundson, Lowell.
93:Oscar Arias Sanchez
29:Oscar Arias Sanchez
302:18th-century women
297:17th-century women
56:more likely to be
49:Spanish colonisers
312:Costa Rican women
277:978-0-8223-9313-9
208:978-0-8263-5497-6
177:978-1-56975-900-4
151:978-0-19-993579-6
20:Ana Cardoso Calvo
324:
282:
281:
261:
255:
254:
252:
251:
236:
230:
229:
219:
213:
212:
188:
182:
181:
161:
155:
154:
125:
60:than adult men.
332:
331:
327:
326:
325:
323:
322:
321:
287:
286:
285:
278:
263:
262:
258:
249:
247:
238:
237:
233:
221:
220:
216:
209:
190:
189:
185:
178:
163:
162:
158:
152:
127:
126:
109:
105:
70:
43:Born c.1650 in
41:
17:
12:
11:
5:
330:
328:
320:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
289:
288:
284:
283:
276:
256:
231:
214:
207:
183:
176:
156:
150:
130:"Cardoso, Ana"
106:
104:
101:
69:
66:
40:
37:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
329:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
307:Former slaves
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
294:
292:
279:
273:
269:
268:
260:
257:
246:
242:
235:
232:
227:
226:
218:
215:
210:
204:
200:
196:
195:
187:
184:
179:
173:
169:
168:
160:
157:
153:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
124:
122:
120:
118:
116:
114:
112:
108:
102:
100:
98:
94:
90:
85:
83:
79:
78:Quince Duncan
75:
74:Russell Lohse
67:
65:
61:
59:
53:
50:
46:
38:
36:
34:
30:
25:
21:
317:1710s deaths
266:
259:
248:. Retrieved
244:
234:
224:
217:
198:
193:
186:
166:
159:
133:
86:
71:
62:
54:
42:
19:
18:
291:Categories
250:2024-02-19
103:References
91:, such as
58:manumitted
39:Biography
24:enslaved
245:ReVista
199:177-180
45:Cartago
274:
205:
174:
148:
68:Legacy
197:[
272:ISBN
203:ISBN
172:ISBN
146:ISBN
80:and
138:doi
293::
243:.
144:,
132:,
110:^
99:.
35:.
280:.
253:.
211:.
180:.
140::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.