906:
124:
66:
25:
872:, making use of prefixes and suffixes attached to the stems of verbs and nouns, thus making it a synthetic language rather than an analytic one. Persian is an SOV language, thus having a head-final phrase structure. Persian utilizes a noun root + plural suffix + case suffix + postposition suffix syntax similar to Turkish. For example:
813:
English is not totally analytic in its nouns since it uses inflections for number (e.g., "one day, three days; one boy, four boys") and possession ("The boy's ball" vis-à-vis "The boy has a ball"). Mandarin
Chinese, by contrast, has no inflections on its nouns: compare
876:
meaning 'I was looking at their cars'. Breaking down mashin+ha+shun+ra (car+s+their+at) we can see its agglutinative nature and the fact that
Persian is able to affix a given number of dependent morphemes to a root morpheme (in this example, car).
801:
as well). Purely isolating languages are by definition analytic and lack inflectional morphemes. However, the reverse is not necessarily true, and a language can have derivational morphemes but lack inflectional morphemes. For example,
609:"the fish caught the cat", the fish becomes the subject, while the cat becomes the object. This transformation is not possible in an analytic language without altering the word order. Typically, analytic languages have a low
810:, which gives it a moderately high ratio of morphemes per word, but since it has almost no inflectional affixes at all to convey grammatical relationships, it is a very analytic language.
544:
777:
with both nouns and verbs. This shift towards a more analytical language reflects broad changes in linguistic trends overtime. Classical Hebrew relies heavily on inflectional
76:
750:
inflect for at least six cases, most of which descended from Proto-Indo-European cases, whose functions
English translates by instead using other strategies like
661:
over the centuries and has not gained any new inflectional morphemes in the meantime, which makes it more analytic than most other Indo-European languages.
537:
465:
460:
455:
443:
438:
433:
858:'four boys' (lit. 'four male child'). Furthermore English is considered to be weakly inflected and comparatively more analytic than most other
351:
530:
314:
923:
890:
141:
38:
1333:
1295:
989:
225:
207:
105:
52:
326:
970:
188:
942:
160:
927:
145:
886:
482:
949:
894:
356:
167:
1450:
341:
1455:
785:
relationships, while in Modern Hebrew, there has been a significant reduction of the use of inflectional morphology.
450:
428:
492:
1287:
956:
385:
319:
174:
916:
134:
673:
309:
778:
300:
938:
156:
1266:
1121:
1003:
859:
665:
646:
472:
390:
289:
1408:
1088:
1071:
578:
284:
279:
248:
87:
44:
1214:
693:
518:
400:
395:
380:
1244:
1371:
574:
371:
366:
346:
1224:
1155:
1126:
743:
650:
241:
1248:
1219:
1209:
1050:
1035:
1008:
794:
759:
669:
634:
586:
269:
262:
963:
181:
1329:
1325:
1291:
1138:
1112:
1098:
1081:
1076:
361:
336:
274:
1167:
1102:
1093:
1040:
1029:
865:
803:
774:
735:
731:
719:
677:
562:
331:
1182:
1172:
1056:
1024:
755:
747:
723:
487:
405:
889:
and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by
1199:
1187:
1177:
1160:
1131:
1062:
1018:
782:
727:
654:
642:
1444:
1204:
1143:
869:
807:
770:
638:
477:
708:, Standard English has lost nearly all of them (except for three modified cases for
16:
Language that conveys grammatical relationships without using inflectional morphemes
1148:
701:
570:
1319:
1281:
1395:
905:
751:
658:
566:
123:
739:
705:
697:
594:
589:, which synthesize many concepts into a single word, using affixes regularly.
513:
419:
410:
1356:
1106:
1013:
689:
590:
1422:
797:, which are those with a low morpheme-per-word ratio (taking into account
798:
618:
610:
621:. No natural language, however, is purely analytic or purely synthetic.
1409:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/bulgarian-language
1249:"Hybridity versus Revivability: Multiple Causation, Forms and Patterns"
930: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
709:
685:
582:
504:
712:) along with genders and dual number and simplified its conjugation.
715:
598:
1357:"Logical Semantics Approach for Data Modeling in XBRL Taxonomies"
681:
614:
899:
117:
59:
18:
1321:
Pluricentric languages: differing norms in different nations
664:
For example, Proto-Indo-European had much more complex
597:. For example, by changing the individual words in the
565:
in which a series of root/stem words is accompanied by
83:
148:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1267:Mandarin Chinese: A Functional Reference Grammar
1423:"Description of Thai as an isolating language"
1270:, University of California Press, 1981, p. 46.
1396:https://clada-bg.eu/images/PDFs/Bulgarian.pdf
853:
848:
842:
837:
831:
826:
820:
815:
538:
73:The examples and perspective in this article
8:
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
545:
531:
237:
990:Learn how and when to remove this message
593:roles are assigned to words primarily by
226:Learn how and when to remove this message
208:Learn how and when to remove this message
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
635:a relative rather than an absolute sense
1236:
503:
418:
299:
247:
240:
1318:Geerts, G.; Clyne, Michael G. (1992).
1283:Pidgins and Creoles: References survey
836:'three days' (literally 'three day');
1264:Li, Charles and Thompson, Sandra A.,
637:. The most prominent and widely used
7:
1366:
1364:
928:adding citations to reliable sources
847:'one boy' (lit. 'one male child'),
146:adding citations to reliable sources
1421:Minegishi, Makoto (3 March 2011).
676:and inflections for eight or nine
617:ratio, especially with respect to
77:include all significant viewpoints
14:
34:This article has multiple issues.
904:
585:very rarely. This is opposed to
122:
64:
23:
915:needs additional citations for
133:needs additional citations for
42:or discuss these issues on the
1:
793:A related concept is that of
645:, which has lost much of the
605:"the cat caught the fish" to
874:Mashinhashunra niga mikardam
1253:Journal of Language Contact
854:
843:
832:
821:
773:is much more analytic than
362:Ditransitive/Monotransitive
1472:
1427:Social Science Information
1355:Danilevitch, Olga (2019),
1288:Cambridge University Press
884:
881:List of analytic languages
849:
838:
827:
816:
738:, characterized by free
1122:Austroasiatic languages
1004:Indo-European languages
860:Indo-European languages
666:grammatical conjugation
649:that it inherited from
647:inflectional morphology
1280:Holm, John A. (1989).
1089:Sino-Tibetan languages
1072:Austronesian languages
799:derivational morphemes
734:and a majority of the
619:inflectional morphemes
1255:, Varia 2, pp. 40–67.
1215:Zero-marking language
641:analytic language is
352:Nominative–absolutive
315:Nominative–accusative
1156:Hmong-Mien languages
924:improve this article
891:adding missing items
633:is commonly used in
607:fēl-em pisc-is cēpit
603:fēl-is pisc-em cēpit
142:improve this article
1451:Linguistic typology
1245:Zuckermann, Ghil'ad
1225:Linguistic typology
939:"Analytic language"
795:isolating languages
744:synthetic languages
670:grammatical genders
651:Proto-Indo-European
587:synthetic languages
466:Object–verb–subject
461:Object–subject–verb
456:Subject–object–verb
444:Verb–object–subject
439:Verb–subject–object
434:Subject–verb–object
327:Ergative–absolutive
242:Linguistic typology
157:"Analytic language"
84:improve the article
1456:Analytic languages
1220:Synthetic language
1210:Isolating language
1009:Germanic languages
789:Isolating language
758:, word order, and
1326:Walter de Gruyter
1243:See pp. 50–51 in
1139:Kra-Dai languages
1113:Classical Chinese
1099:Sinitic languages
1000:
999:
992:
974:
559:analytic language
555:
554:
497:Place–manner–time
493:Time–manner–place
386:Dependent-marking
337:Symmetrical voice
320:Marked nominative
236:
235:
228:
218:
217:
210:
192:
116:
115:
108:
88:discuss the issue
57:
1463:
1435:
1434:
1418:
1412:
1405:
1399:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1382:
1376:people.umass.edu
1372:"Grammar: Cases"
1368:
1359:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1315:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1277:
1271:
1262:
1256:
1241:
995:
988:
984:
981:
975:
973:
932:
908:
900:
895:reliable sources
868:has features of
857:
852:
851:
846:
841:
840:
835:
830:
829:
824:
819:
818:
804:Mandarin Chinese
775:Classical Hebrew
764:
748:Nouns in Russian
736:Slavic languages
563:natural language
547:
540:
533:
238:
231:
224:
213:
206:
202:
199:
193:
191:
150:
126:
118:
111:
104:
100:
97:
91:
68:
67:
60:
49:
27:
26:
19:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1461:
1460:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1420:
1419:
1415:
1406:
1402:
1393:
1389:
1380:
1378:
1370:
1369:
1362:
1354:
1350:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1290:. p. 338.
1279:
1278:
1274:
1263:
1259:
1242:
1238:
1233:
1196:
996:
985:
979:
976:
933:
931:
921:
909:
898:
883:
791:
762:
627:
551:
488:Free word order
406:Syntactic pivot
301:Morphosyntactic
232:
221:
220:
219:
214:
203:
197:
194:
151:
149:
139:
127:
112:
101:
95:
92:
81:
69:
65:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1469:
1467:
1459:
1458:
1453:
1443:
1442:
1437:
1436:
1413:
1400:
1387:
1360:
1348:
1334:
1328:. p. 72.
1310:
1296:
1272:
1257:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1200:Auxiliary verb
1195:
1192:
1191:
1190:
1188:Haitian Creole
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1153:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1129:
1119:
1118:
1117:
1116:
1115:
1096:
1086:
1085:
1084:
1079:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1060:
1054:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1027:
1022:
1016:
998:
997:
912:
910:
903:
882:
879:
808:compound words
790:
787:
655:Proto-Germanic
643:Modern English
626:
623:
553:
552:
550:
549:
542:
535:
527:
524:
523:
522:
521:
516:
508:
507:
501:
500:
499:
498:
495:
490:
485:
480:
475:
470:
469:
468:
463:
458:
448:
447:
446:
441:
436:
423:
422:
416:
415:
414:
413:
408:
403:
398:
393:
391:Double-marking
388:
383:
378:
377:
376:
375:
374:
369:
359:
357:Direct-inverse
354:
349:
344:
342:Active–stative
339:
334:
332:Split ergative
329:
324:
323:
322:
304:
303:
297:
296:
295:
294:
293:
292:
290:Oligosynthetic
287:
282:
277:
267:
266:
265:
252:
251:
245:
244:
234:
233:
216:
215:
130:
128:
121:
114:
113:
72:
70:
63:
58:
32:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1468:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1417:
1414:
1410:
1404:
1401:
1397:
1391:
1388:
1377:
1373:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1358:
1352:
1349:
1337:
1335:9783110128550
1331:
1327:
1323:
1322:
1314:
1311:
1299:
1297:9780521359405
1293:
1289:
1285:
1284:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1268:
1261:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1240:
1237:
1230:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1205:Free morpheme
1203:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1140:
1137:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1123:
1120:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1073:
1070:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1005:
1002:
1001:
994:
991:
983:
972:
969:
965:
962:
958:
955:
951:
948:
944:
941: –
940:
936:
935:Find sources:
929:
925:
919:
918:
913:This section
911:
907:
902:
901:
896:
892:
888:
880:
878:
875:
871:
870:agglutination
867:
863:
861:
856:
845:
834:
823:
811:
809:
805:
800:
796:
788:
786:
784:
780:
776:
772:
771:Modern Hebrew
768:
766:
765:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
711:
707:
703:
702:postpositions
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
662:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
639:Indo-European
636:
632:
624:
622:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
571:postpositions
568:
564:
561:is a type of
560:
548:
543:
541:
536:
534:
529:
528:
526:
525:
520:
517:
515:
512:
511:
510:
509:
506:
502:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
483:OS word order
481:
479:
478:V2 word order
476:
474:
473:V1 word order
471:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
453:
452:
449:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
431:
430:
427:
426:
425:
424:
421:
417:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
381:Zero-marking
379:
373:
370:
368:
365:
364:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
321:
318:
317:
316:
313:
312:
311:
308:
307:
306:
305:
302:
298:
291:
288:
286:
285:Polysynthetic
283:
281:
280:Agglutinative
278:
276:
273:
272:
271:
268:
264:
261:
260:
259:
256:
255:
254:
253:
250:
249:Morphological
246:
243:
239:
230:
227:
212:
209:
201:
190:
187:
183:
180:
176:
173:
169:
166:
162:
159: –
158:
154:
153:Find sources:
147:
143:
137:
136:
131:This article
129:
125:
120:
119:
110:
107:
99:
89:
85:
79:
78:
71:
62:
61:
56:
54:
47:
46:
41:
40:
35:
30:
21:
20:
1430:
1426:
1416:
1403:
1390:
1379:. Retrieved
1375:
1351:
1339:. Retrieved
1320:
1313:
1301:. Retrieved
1282:
1275:
1265:
1260:
1252:
1239:
1053:(partially)
986:
977:
967:
960:
953:
946:
934:
922:Please help
917:verification
914:
887:dynamic list
873:
864:
855:sì ge nánhái
844:yī ge nánhái
812:
792:
769:
761:
756:verbal voice
752:prepositions
714:
663:
630:
628:
606:
602:
567:prepositions
558:
556:
451:OV languages
429:VO languages
401:Null-subject
396:Head-marking
257:
222:
204:
198:January 2020
195:
185:
178:
171:
164:
152:
140:Please help
135:verification
132:
102:
96:January 2020
93:
74:
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
1433:(1): 62–80.
1101:(including
1059:(partially)
1021:(partially)
825:'one day',
783:grammatical
760:possessive
706:determiners
698:participles
674:dual number
659:Old English
514:Color terms
372:Indirective
367:Secundative
1445:Categories
1381:2018-04-19
1231:References
1127:Vietnamese
980:April 2019
950:newspapers
885:This is a
781:to convey
779:morphology
740:word order
690:adjectives
625:Background
595:word order
420:Word order
411:Theta role
347:Tripartite
168:newspapers
39:improve it
1107:Cantonese
1051:Bulgarian
1036:Norwegian
1014:Afrikaans
806:has many
629:The term
591:Syntactic
579:modifiers
575:particles
310:Alignment
270:Synthetic
263:Isolating
45:talk page
1247:(2009),
1194:See also
1103:Mandarin
1077:Hawaiian
1032:(mostly)
833:sān tiān
710:pronouns
694:numerals
686:pronouns
631:analytic
611:morpheme
581:, using
519:Numerals
275:Fusional
258:Analytic
75:may not
1168:Maybrat
1094:Burmese
1047:Others
1041:Swedish
1030:English
964:scholar
866:Persian
822:yī tiān
732:Russian
720:Spanish
680:in its
601:phrase
583:affixes
505:Lexicon
182:scholar
82:Please
1341:19 May
1332:
1303:19 May
1294:
1183:Yoruba
1173:Mixtec
1057:French
1025:Danish
966:
959:
952:
945:
937:
763:'s
742:, are
730:, and
724:German
184:
177:
170:
163:
155:
1178:Sango
1161:Hmong
1132:Khmer
1082:Māori
1063:Kalto
1019:Dutch
971:JSTOR
957:books
893:with
728:Greek
716:Latin
682:nouns
678:cases
613:-per-
599:Latin
189:JSTOR
175:books
1343:2010
1330:ISBN
1305:2010
1292:ISBN
1144:Thai
1105:and
943:news
850:四個男孩
839:一個男孩
704:and
657:and
615:word
577:and
161:news
1149:Lao
926:by
557:An
144:by
86:or
1447::
1431:50
1429:.
1425:.
1374:.
1363:^
1324:.
1286:.
1251:,
1109:)
862:.
828:三天
817:一天
767:.
754:,
746:.
726:,
722:,
718:,
700:,
696:,
692:,
688:,
684:,
672:,
668:,
653:,
573:,
569:,
48:.
1411:)
1407:(
1398:)
1394:(
1384:.
1345:.
1307:.
993:)
987:(
982:)
978:(
968:·
961:·
954:·
947:·
920:.
897:.
546:e
539:t
532:v
229:)
223:(
211:)
205:(
200:)
196:(
186:·
179:·
172:·
165:·
138:.
109:)
103:(
98:)
94:(
90:.
80:.
55:)
51:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
