29:
290:, with hot dry summers and rainy winters. Average annual precipitation generally ranges from 400 to 600 mm. The climate is varies from east to west and north to south. Winters are milder and rainfall is generally higher where the climatic influence of the Mediterranean Sea is strongest, and while the eastern and northern portions of the ecoregion closer to
579:
Kazdağı National Park and Gürgendağ Nature
Reserve are located on Kazdağı (Mount Ida) in the northwest. The national park is home to 800 plant species, 68 of which are endemic to Turkey and 31 of which are endemic to the mountain.
359:) is more widespread, particularly in the drier east and above 1000 meters elevation. Pure stands are common above 1000 meters elevation, and sparse forests of Anatolian black pine and juniper are found at high elevations near the
596:
Eric
Dinerstein, David Olson, et al. (2017). An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm, BioScience, Volume 67, Issue 6, June 2017, Pages 534–545; Supplemental material 2 table S1b.
318:
201:
83:
643:
Mansourian, Stephanie & Rossi, Magali & Vallauri, Daniel. (2013). Ancient
Forests in the Northern Mediterranean: Neglected High Conservation Value Areas. 10.13140/2.1.5170.4640.
221:
108:
678:
258:
rivers originate in the central portion of the ecoregion, and flow westwards to empty into the Aegean. The northern-central portion of the ecoregion is drained by the
103:
708:
266:
and its tributaries drain the northeast. The southeastern portion of the ecoregion includes several closed basins that drain into saline or soda lakes, including
186:
65:
93:
688:
549:
220:, which has a drier and more continental climate, and home to conifer forests, dry deciduous broadleaf forests, and steppes. The
213:
98:
703:
683:
561:
146:
698:
509:(Mount Ida), where it covers 282.5 ha in pure stands, and 3309 ha mixed with Anatolian black pine and Oriental beech.
557:
693:
251:
569:
573:
565:
302:
The predominant plant communities in the ecoregion are forests of pines and deciduous broadleaf trees, chiefly
88:
553:
28:
287:
236:
182:
170:
331:
244:
275:
444:
393:
240:
48:
317:) occur in the western foothills and inland depressions. Turkish pine is a characteristic tree of
506:
232:
208:. On the north, the Anatolian conifer and deciduous forests extend to the southern shore of the
432:
341:
271:
466:
291:
225:
217:
53:
452:
235:(Mount Ida) is in the northwest near the Aegean shore. Other mountain ranges include the
200:
The ecoregion covers the mountains and plateaus of southwestern Turkey. To the west, the
440:
410:
397:
327:
209:
672:
461:
382:
263:
310:
657:
626:
363:. Below 1000 meters elevation, Anatolian black pine occurs in mixed forests with
474:
348:
267:
259:
255:
517:
490:
212:. On the northeast, the ecoregion transitions to the more humid and temperate
205:
439:
In humid areas, particularly along streams and in the mountains south of the
401:
377:
spp. In the eastern mountains around 1000 meters elevation, mixed stands of
373:
34:
533:
360:
294:
have a more continental climate, with colder winters and lower rainfall.
174:
598:
178:
134:
408:
Oaks occur in pine forests, and as the dominant tree in some areas.
231:
The highest peak is Uludağ (2,543 m), south of the Sea of
Marmara.
189:
60:
525:
443:, oaks form mixed forests with other deciduous trees, including
303:
204:
ecoregion covers the foothills and coastal plains along the
202:
Aegean and
Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests
84:
Aegean and
Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests
418:, especially in steppe edges and on degraded sites, and
391:
also include many typical
Anatolian steppe plants, like
262:, which empties northwards into the Sea of Marmara. The
222:
Southern
Anatolian montane conifer and deciduous forests
109:
Southern
Anatolian montane conifer and deciduous forests
414:is the most widespread of the oaks. Other oaks are
155:
145:
140:
130:
122:
117:
71:
59:
47:
42:
21:
104:Northern Anatolian conifer and deciduous forests
658:"Anatolian conifer and deciduous mixed forests"
627:"Anatolian conifer and deciduous mixed forests"
319:Western Turkey's lowland Mediterranean forests
167:Anatolian conifer and deciduous mixed forests
22:Anatolian conifer and deciduous mixed forests
8:
679:Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub
187:Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub
66:Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub
16:Ecoregion in Southwestern Anatolia, Turkey
548:Protected areas in the ecoregion include
405:spp., and shrubs and herbaceous plants.
589:
126:86,105 km (33,245 sq mi)
81:
379:P. nigra, Quercus cerris, Q. pubescens
94:Central Anatolian steppe and woodlands
18:
709:Ecoregions of the Mediterranean Basin
621:
619:
617:
615:
613:
611:
609:
607:
605:
7:
550:Manyas Bird Paradise National Park
14:
424:macrolepis, Q. trojana, Q. robur
214:Euxine-Colchic broadleaf forests
99:Euxine-Colchic broadleaf forests
27:
1:
562:Troy Historical National Park
570:Vakıf Çamlığı Nature Reserve
228:in the south and southeast.
689:Natural history of Anatolia
532:) are found around Uludağ.
725:
239:in the northeast, and the
574:Dandindere Nature Reserve
566:Gürgendağı Nature Reserve
325:forests include the oaks
26:
173:located in southwestern
89:Central Anatolian steppe
540:) are more widespread.
664:. World Wildlife Fund.
662:Terrestrial Ecoregions
633:. World Wildlife Fund.
631:Terrestrial Ecoregions
704:Palearctic ecoregions
558:Kazdağı National Park
479:Abies bornmuelleriana
288:Mediterranean climate
185:, and is part of the
183:Mediterranean climate
684:Ecoregions of Turkey
554:Uludağ National Park
349:Anatolian black pine
286:The ecoregion has a
538:Capreolus capreolus
449:Carpinus orientalis
394:Pyrus elaeagrifolia
151:critical/endangered
147:Conservation status
699:Ecoregions of Asia
499:Abies nordmanniana
495:Abies equi-trojani
483:Abies nordmanniana
473:), along with the
247:in the southwest.
237:Sündiken Mountains
694:Forests of Turkey
489:) on Uludağ. The
445:oriental hornbeam
216:. To the east is
163:
162:
716:
665:
644:
641:
635:
634:
623:
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505:) is endemic to
487:bornnmuelleriana
471:Fagus orientalis
292:Central Anatolia
226:Taurus Mountains
218:Central Anatolia
31:
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546:
544:Protected areas
515:
457:Castanea sativa
420:Q. ithaburensis
333:Q. ithaburensis
300:
284:
245:Aydin Mountains
198:
113:
80:
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651:External links
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467:oriental beech
453:sweet chestnut
441:Sea of Marmara
411:Quercus cerris
398:Prunus spinosa
328:Quercus cerris
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252:Büyük Menderes
210:Sea of Marmara
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37:from Sarıalan
36:
30:
25:
20:
661:
639:
630:
592:
578:
547:
537:
529:
522:Ursus arctos
521:
516:
503:equi-trojani
502:
498:
494:
486:
482:
478:
470:
460:
456:
448:
438:
433:Q. frainetto
431:
427:
423:
419:
416:Q. pubescens
415:
409:
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392:
387:
383:
378:
372:
368:
364:
356:
352:
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342:Q. coccifera
336:
332:
326:
323:Pinus brutia
322:
315:Pinus brutia
314:
311:Turkish pine
308:
301:
285:
249:
230:
199:
166:
164:
141:Conservation
530:Canis lupus
475:Turkish fir
309:Forests of
276:Lake Işıklı
272:Lake Acıgöl
268:Lake Burdur
260:Simav River
224:occupy the
181:. It has a
159:667 km (1%)
673:Categories
584:References
518:Brown bear
491:Trojan fir
371:spp., and
357:pallasiana
337:macrolepis
206:Aegean Sea
54:Palearctic
526:grey wolf
402:Crateagus
374:Juniperus
365:P. brutia
196:Geography
171:ecoregion
156:Protected
118:Geography
534:Roe deer
507:Kaz Dağı
384:Q. robur
361:treeline
353:P. nigra
175:Anatolia
33:View of
501:subsp.
485:subsp.
426:subsp.
422:subsp.
386:subsp.
369:Quercus
282:Climate
233:Kazdağı
131:Country
72:Borders
43:Ecology
572:, and
524:) and
465:, and
430:, and
381:, and
340:, and
274:, and
179:Turkey
169:is an
135:Turkey
35:Uludağ
513:Fauna
428:robur
388:robur
355:ssp.
335:ssp.
298:Flora
256:Gediz
190:biome
61:Biome
49:Realm
304:oaks
254:and
250:The
243:and
165:The
123:Area
78:List
497:or
481:or
459:),
451:),
675::
660:.
629:.
604:^
576:.
568:,
564:,
560:,
556:,
552:,
436:.
400:,
396:,
367:,
345:.
330:,
321:.
306:.
278:.
270:,
192:.
177:,
536:(
528:(
520:(
493:(
477:(
469:(
455:(
447:(
351:(
313:(
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