304:
58:
40:
625:
Much woodland has been converted to arable land to grow crops such as hazelnut, tea, citrus fruit, and bamboo. A 2017 assessment found that 784 square kilometres (303 square miles), or 1%, of the ecoregion is in protected areas. Protected areas include the
974:
967:
960:
108:
393:
The
Colchic region has high rainfall, averaging 1,500–2,500 millimetres (59–98 inches) annually, with a maximum in excess of 4000 mm, and is home to some of Europe's
123:
1367:
128:
1261:
1226:
1166:
805:
Kavgacı, Ali; Karaköse, Mustafa; Keleş, Emine Seda; Balpınar, Neslihan; Arslan, Münevver; Yalçın, Erkan; Novák, Pavel; Čarni, Andraž (October 2023).
1297:
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1216:
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510:
886:
210:
90:
1145:
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986:
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1140:
1135:
1256:
1246:
1211:
1181:
1058:
1053:
1043:
1003:
761:
513:, which connects Scandinavia and Western Russia to the Mediterranean Sea and Africa. Water birds found in the ecoregion include the
1236:
1186:
1176:
1171:
647:
244:
broadleaf shrubs is characteristic for both sub-regions. Notable species in the understory include various rhododendrons such as
1337:
1292:
1125:
1089:
1362:
1150:
1079:
1033:
1013:
509:
The ecoregion is habitat for many migrating, wintering, and breeding birds. It is on a bird migratory pathway known as the
1302:
1287:
1191:
639:
182:
1196:
1104:
916:
902:
1282:
1094:
1322:
1317:
1307:
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1206:
643:
917:"The Black Sea-Eastern Mediterranean flyway of the globally threatened European turtle dove (Streptopelia turtur)"
1347:
1038:
662:
1377:
1332:
1201:
1028:
1023:
631:
329:
952:
1352:
1099:
1130:
1109:
1048:
1008:
658:
514:
285:
118:
853:
776:
755:
635:
627:
435:
807:"Classification of forest and shrubland vegetation in central and eastern Euxine Turkey and SW Georgia"
400:
A 2023 study suggested that deforestation has resulted in more flooding and landslides in the region.
1074:
1018:
439:
394:
113:
903:"Camera trapping of medium and large-sized mammals in western Black Sea deciduous forests in Turkey"
562:
530:
347:
308:
261:
245:
73:
303:
62:
Euxine-Colchic deciduous forests ecoregion along the southern coast of Black Sea, shown in yellow.
1357:
1342:
475:
417:
277:
17:
328:
are found around the southeast corner of the Black Sea in Turkey and
Georgia in and around the
882:
828:
743:
546:
522:
226:
162:
237:
The ecoregion is divided into two sub-regions, chiefly based on the amount of precipitation.
983:
818:
733:
723:
610:
602:
594:
554:
375:
341:
222:
78:
877:
Kirwan, Guy M. (January 2008). "Turkey's
Ecoregions: their Biodiversity and Conservation".
654:
538:
333:
253:
806:
738:
711:
431:
The Euxine forests receive an average of 1000 to 1500 mm precipitation annually.
360:
352:
293:
269:
1276:
499:
217:. The ecoregion extends along the thin coastal strip from the southeastern corner of
586:
367:
689:
578:
570:
57:
650:
site, because of the biodiversity and distinctiveness of the
Colchic forests.
467:
383:
832:
989:
728:
491:
241:
214:
206:
747:
483:
447:
425:
297:
218:
157:
642:
in
Georgia. In 2021, the Georgian protected areas were inscribed on the
823:
930:
712:"An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm"
39:
229:
in the east, where it wraps around the eastern end of the Black Sea.
167:
48:
311:
is characteristic for the Euxine-Colchic deciduous forests ecoregion
937:. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization
302:
85:
292:
etc. From a
European perspective, the majority of these count as
459:
443:
421:
44:
956:
428:
along the Black Sea coast of
European Turkey to Bulgaria.
109:
Aegean and
Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests
710:
Dinerstein, Eric; Olson, David; et al. (June 2017).
390:). The vegetation is diverse and varies with elevation.
1159:
1118:
1067:
996:
191:
181:
176:
150:
142:
137:
96:
84:
72:
67:
32:
332:. The Colchian forests are mixed, with deciduous
434:The Bulgarian part of the ecoregion lies within
124:Northern Anatolian conifer and deciduous forests
438:, where it borders on and transitions into the
458:Large mammals native to the ecoregion include
968:
129:Anatolian conifer and deciduous mixed forests
8:
705:
703:
420:, which meets the Black Sea in the city of
307:An understory of evergreen shrubs like the
975:
961:
953:
221:in the west, across the northern coast of
822:
737:
727:
674:
146:73,828 km (28,505 sq mi)
106:
753:
511:Black Sea-Eastern Mediterranean flyway
442:ecoregion. Rare habitat types include
29:
1368:Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests
987:temperate broadleaf and mixed forests
684:
682:
680:
678:
211:temperate broadleaf and mixed forests
91:temperate broadleaf and mixed forests
7:
848:
846:
844:
842:
800:
798:
796:
931:"Colchic Rainforests and Wetlands"
854:"Euxine-Colchic Broadleaf Forests"
777:"Euxine-Colchic Broadleaf Forests"
766:Supplemental material 2 table S1b.
690:"Euxine-Colchic deciduous forests"
25:
881:. Christopher Helm. p. 35.
648:Colchic Rainforests and Wetlands
213:along the southern shore of the
203:Euxine–Colchic broadleaf forests
56:
38:
33:Euxine-Colchic broadleaf forests
18:Euxine-Colchic broadleaf forests
1298:Ecoregions of Georgia (country)
1:
760:: CS1 maint: date and year (
640:Kintrishi Protected Landscape
1373:Natural history of Anatolia
1167:Central China loess plateau
1095:East European forest steppe
1394:
1328:Biota of Georgia (country)
1313:Flora of Georgia (country)
935:UNESCO World Heritage List
811:Applied Vegetation Science
644:UNESCO World Heritage List
366:, together with evergreen
290:Vaccinium arctostaphylos)
55:
37:
1085:Crimean Submediterranean
632:Machakhela National Park
424:, and extend across the
330:Machakhela National Park
1338:Biota of the Black Sea
1293:Ecoregions of Bulgaria
696:. World Wildlife Fund.
694:Terrestrial Ecoregions
659:Kolkheti National Park
515:eastern imperial eagle
312:
286:Caucasian whortleberry
119:Caucasus mixed forests
1363:Palearctic ecoregions
1232:South Sakhalin–Kurile
1217:Northeast China Plain
729:10.1093/biosci/bix014
636:Mtirala National Park
628:Strandzha Nature Park
607:Phoenicopterus roseus
535:Pelecanus onocrotalus
436:Strandzha Nature Park
395:temperate rainforests
306:
250:Rhododendron ponticum
1303:Ecoregions of Turkey
1288:Ecoregions of Europe
630:in Bulgaria and the
480:Cervus elaphus maral
440:Balkan mixed forests
114:Balkan mixed forests
563:red-crested pochard
551:Oxyura leucocephala
543:Microcarbo pygmaeus
531:great white pelican
488:Capreolus capreolus
309:Pontic rhododendron
266:Prunus laurocerasus
246:Pontic rhododendron
187:Critical/endangered
183:Conservation status
27:Ecoregion in Turkey
1283:Ecoregions of Asia
1242:Taiheiyo evergreen
1222:Qin Ling Mountains
1207:Nihonkai evergreen
1177:Changbai Mountains
824:10.1111/avsc.12753
476:Caucasian red deer
444:coastal sand dunes
372:Abies nordmanniana
348:C. orientalis
313:
282:Buxus sempervirens
240:The understory of
1323:Biota of Bulgaria
1318:Flora of Bulgaria
1308:Forests of Turkey
1270:
1269:
1141:Eastern Anatolian
1136:Central Anatolian
1126:Caspian Hyrcanian
1090:Dinaric Mountains
888:978-1-4081-0475-0
547:white-headed duck
527:Pelecanus crispus
523:Dalmatian pelican
364:(Castanea sativa)
337:(Alnus glutinosa)
199:
198:
16:(Redirected from
1385:
1348:Black Sea Region
1247:Taiheiyo montane
1212:Nihonkai montane
1182:Changjiang Plain
1151:Zagros Mountains
1080:Central European
1059:Western European
1034:English Lowlands
977:
970:
963:
954:
947:
946:
944:
942:
927:
921:
920:
913:
907:
906:
899:
893:
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874:
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865:
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837:
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826:
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791:
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787:
773:
767:
765:
759:
751:
741:
731:
707:
698:
697:
686:
663:Kızılırmak Delta
603:greater flamingo
595:demoiselle crane
555:ferruginous duck
416:lie west of the
388:Pinus sylvestris
380:Picea orientalis
376:Caucasian spruce
357:Fagus orientalis
342:Carpinus betulus
326:Colchian forests
316:Colchian forests
60:
42:
30:
21:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1383:
1382:
1378:Pontus (region)
1333:Biota of Turkey
1273:
1272:
1271:
1266:
1155:
1114:
1063:
992:
981:
951:
950:
940:
938:
929:
928:
924:
915:
914:
910:
901:
900:
896:
889:
879:Birds of Turkey
876:
875:
871:
862:
860:
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840:
804:
803:
794:
785:
783:
775:
774:
770:
752:
709:
708:
701:
688:
687:
676:
671:
655:RAMSAR wetlands
646:as part of the
623:
621:Protected areas
615:Cygnus bewickii
539:pygmy cormorant
456:
414:Euxinic forests
406:
404:Euxinic forests
318:
254:Black Sea holly
235:
172:
133:
105:
104:
63:
51:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1391:
1389:
1381:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1353:Marmara Region
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
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1275:
1274:
1268:
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1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1237:Southern Korea
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1197:Huang He Plain
1194:
1189:
1187:Daba Mountains
1184:
1179:
1174:
1172:Central Korean
1169:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1153:
1148:
1146:Euxine–Colchic
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1122:
1120:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1071:
1069:
1068:Eastern Europe
1065:
1064:
1062:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1044:North Atlantic
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1000:
998:
997:Western Europe
994:
993:
982:
980:
979:
972:
965:
957:
949:
948:
922:
908:
894:
887:
869:
838:
792:
768:
722:(6): 534–545.
699:
673:
672:
670:
667:
622:
619:
519:Aquila heliaca
455:
452:
405:
402:
361:sweet chestnut
353:Oriental beech
317:
314:
294:relict species
274:Buxus colchica
234:
231:
197:
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1299:
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1262:West Siberian
1260:
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1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
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1228:
1227:Sichuan Basin
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1123:
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1111:
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1027:
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1022:
1020:
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978:
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855:
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843:
839:
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808:
801:
799:
797:
793:
782:
778:
772:
769:
763:
757:
749:
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740:
735:
730:
725:
721:
717:
713:
706:
704:
700:
695:
691:
685:
683:
681:
679:
675:
668:
666:
664:
660:
656:
651:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
620:
618:
616:
612:
611:Bewick's swan
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
575:Ciconia nigra
572:
568:
564:
560:
559:Aythya nyroca
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
507:
505:
501:
500:golden jackal
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
453:
451:
449:
445:
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323:
315:
310:
305:
301:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
262:cherry laurel
259:
258:Ilex colchica
255:
251:
247:
243:
238:
232:
230:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
194:
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136:
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83:
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71:
66:
59:
54:
50:
46:
41:
36:
31:
19:
939:. Retrieved
934:
925:
911:
897:
878:
872:
861:. Retrieved
857:
814:
810:
784:. Retrieved
780:
771:
756:cite journal
719:
715:
693:
652:
624:
614:
606:
598:
590:
587:common crane
582:
574:
567:Netta rufina
566:
558:
550:
542:
534:
526:
518:
508:
504:Canis aureus
503:
495:
487:
479:
472:Ursus arctos
471:
463:
457:
433:
430:
413:
409:
407:
399:
392:
387:
379:
371:
368:Nordmann fir
363:
356:
346:
340:
339:, hornbeam (
336:
325:
321:
319:
289:
281:
273:
265:
257:
249:
239:
236:
202:
200:
177:Conservation
1252:Tarim Basin
579:white stork
571:black stork
418:Melet River
334:black alder
233:Sub-regions
195:784 km (1%)
1277:Categories
1202:Manchurian
1024:Cantabrian
990:ecoregions
984:Palearctic
863:2023-09-03
786:2024-04-16
716:BioScience
669:References
653:There are
638:, and the
599:Grus virgo
583:C. ciconia
496:Sus scrofa
468:brown bear
408:The drier
384:Scots pine
278:common box
79:Palearctic
47:province,
1358:Strandzha
1343:Black Sea
1160:East Asia
1119:West Asia
1100:Pannonian
858:One Earth
833:1402-2001
781:One Earth
591:Grus grus
492:wild boar
464:Lynx lynx
448:peatlands
296:from the
242:evergreen
215:Black Sea
207:ecoregion
192:Protected
151:Countries
138:Geography
1192:Hokkaidō
1131:Caucasus
1110:Sarmatic
1054:Pyrenees
1049:Po Basin
1009:Atlantic
1004:Apennine
941:24 April
748:28608869
661:and the
484:roe deer
426:Bosporus
300:period.
298:Tertiary
270:Caucasus
219:Bulgaria
158:Bulgaria
1039:Madeira
739:5451287
657:in the
609:), and
498:), and
359:), and
322:Colchic
227:Georgia
163:Georgia
97:Borders
68:Ecology
1257:Ussuri
1105:Rodope
1075:Balkan
1029:Celtic
1019:Baltic
1014:Azores
885:
831:
746:
736:
410:Euxine
382:) and
276:) and
223:Turkey
205:is an
168:Turkey
49:Turkey
817:(4).
454:Fauna
225:, to
86:Biome
74:Realm
943:2022
883:ISBN
829:ISSN
762:link
744:PMID
460:lynx
446:and
422:Ordu
345:and
320:The
201:The
143:Area
103:List
45:Rize
819:doi
734:PMC
724:doi
617:).
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
