195:
saying he "seems a natural choice" for the role. FitzPatrick's resignation came little over two months after he had admitted that his former bank had made mistakes but insisted it had not been "reckless". Alongside FitzPatrick's resignation came that of
Bradshaw who had held a loan jointly with FitzPatrick, a loan that was temporarily transferred to another bank prior to a year end audit without the knowledge of Bradshaw. On the evening of 19 December, Drumm announced he would step down with immediate effect, but said he will continue to work with the chairman through a transition phase until a replacement chief executive is agreed upon.
126:, resigned, becoming the fourth casualty of the controversy. Two days later the Financial Regulator Patrick Neary retired amidst much criticism over his handling of the affair. After the nationalisation, the Chairman of Irish Nationwide, Dr Michael Walsh, resigned on 17 February, one week to the day that government-appointed directors announced they were investigating a deposit of billions of euro by Irish Life and Permanent, placed in Anglo Irish Bank before the end of its financial year.
142:
Drumm, the bank was recording annual profits of over €500 million. The Anglo share price peaked at €17.60 in May 2007, an increase from under €1 ten years previously. Anglo was valued at nearly €13 billion and FitzPatrick's 4.5 million Anglo shares were worth nearly €80 million at this time. Prior to FitzPatrick's resignation, the Anglo share price had already dropped to €0.32, a drop of 98% with the entire bank valued at a low €242 million and FitzPatrick's stake reduced to €1.5 million.
29:
201:
It is undoubtedly in the best interests of Anglo that a new Chief
Executive is appointed to lead the Bank through its next phase of development. The appointment of Donal O'Connor as Chairman together with a new Chief Executive augurs well for the Bank and all its stakeholders. It gives the Bank fresh impetus and an upward trajectory. I would like to thank all of my colleagues for their intense commitment and honest endeavour and their friendship over the last 15 years.
371:. The bank's head of internal audit, Walter Tyrrell, told the Oireachtas committee that the movement of loans by Seán FitzPatrick into the bank and back out again could only have been known by FitzPatrick himself and the executive of his account, claiming that loans were tested by means of random sampling and that FitzPatrick's loans had not once been selected – however one loan he held with a partner was chosen. Fine Gael's
576:
149:. The inspectors noticed that a large loan was provided to FitzPatrick at Anglo Irish Bank and later repaid. The Regulator discovered at a later date that similar loans were provided to FitzPatrick in September 2008 and repaid by him in October 2008. When the issue was raised with Anglo Irish Bank it was discovered that there were further loans between the two banks over an extended period of eight years.
160:, returning them to Anglo at a later date. He acted in a manner that thwarted the transparency of Anglo's loan book. Financial authorities investigated if there were breaches of corporate governance. The Chief Executive of the Financial Regulator said that "a lay person would expect that issues of this nature and this magnitude would have been picked up" by the external auditors,
238:
Ernst & Young, to advise on the €440 billion bank guarantee scheme in
January 2009, despite the fact that serious questions have been asked about why Ernst & Young did not spot the massive loans that former chief executive Seán FitzPatrick concealed from his shareholders for eight years. Consultants
452:
stated beforehand that the ten would not be named in either report. The Anglo report revealed that the bank lent €451 million to the ten "Golden Circle" clients, a 50% increase on previous estimates of €300 million. That same evening, Brian
Lenihan also issued a statement containing extracts from the
395:
The
Financial Regulator, on the recommendation of the Irish Finance Minister, ordered an "urgent review" of directors' loans at Anglo Irish Bank, saying it has a "very serious view" of the issue. It claimed the loans were "first brought to its attention on December 17th 2008" and that a committee had
155:
Every Anglo annual report contained a note displaying the total loans given to directors of the bank. This total was measured at a single point in time. In the case of Anglo this occurred on 30 September. FitzPatrick, instead of revealing the true figures of his loans, transferred some of them to the
200:
It is appropriate for me to step down today given last evening's announcement in relation to the resignation of Seán FitzPatrick and given the strong statement of support for the Bank and its recapitalisation programme by the
Minister for Finance. Good progress is being made on the recapitalisation.
535:
has since stated that the ten cannot be named. On 23 July 2012 the Irish
Independent identified the ten members of the golden circle as Belfast-born developer Paddy McKillen, Mennolly Homes's Seamus Ross, auctioneer Brian O'Farrell, John McCabe of McCabe Builders, developer Gerry Maguire, Belfast's
358:
advocated the chasing of those responsible for the bank's nationalisation "even into the courts", saying that a person could be imprisoned for failure to pay a household bill, yet those who caused the loss of jobs and pensions might not. President Mary McAleese then signed the Anglo Irish Bank Bill
313:
opposed this move and stated on 14 January 2009 that the bank should be shut down but the following evening the Irish government announced that recapitalisation was no longer a serious option and nationalised the bank instead. Lenihan stated that "clear blue water" had been inserted between the old
237:
There were also reports that the
Financial Regulator may have known of the loans for eight years prior to their revelation. The Fine Gael finance spokesman Richard Bruton called for the board and senior management of the Financial Regulator to be sacked. The Financial Regulator hired a partner from
435:
On 17 February, Taoiseach Brian Cowen informed Dáil Éireann of his knowledge of a group of ten wealthy businessmen who had come together to buy shares in Anglo Irish Bank in 2008 in a transaction which is now at the centre of an investigation by the Office of
Corporate Enforcement. Cowen has since
322:
on 16 January 2009, the bank's shareholders angrily voiced their opinions on FitzPatrick's involvement in the bank's downfall and their lack of confidence in the banking sector. The auditors, Ernst & Young were also criticised for failing to detect the loans during their audits. At the EGM the
194:
FitzPatrick issued a statement on the evening of 18 December 2008, linking his resignation with a €87 million loan he had from the bank. Ireland's
Minister for Finance, Brian Lenihan welcomed the appointment of a new chairman, Donal O'Connor, an official with a substantial commercial track record,
167:
This in turn led to inaccurate figures for the total directors' loans given for eight consecutive years in the end of year Anglo accounts. 2008 was the first occasion on which FitzPatrick revealed his true figure, that of €87 million or twice the total of the other twelve directors' loan figures.
141:
Starting in 1986, Seán "Seanie" FitzPatrick spent eighteen years as chief executive of Anglo Irish Bank, during which time the bank grew from a small operator into the third-largest bank in Ireland. When he became the bank's chairman in 2005, handing over the position of chief executive to David
426:
On 12 February 2009, details of a further controversial transaction which had the effect of misrepresenting the end-of-year accounts of Anglo-Irish Bank came into the public domain. Anglo-Irish Bank lent €4bn to Irish Life & Permanent (IL&P) for 1 day by way of inter-bank loan, and a
115:(EGM). Lenihan instead unexpectedly announced the nationalisation of Anglo Irish Bank the night before the EGM due to difficulties he encountered with the recapitalisation process. Recapitalisations of the other two banks mentioned were expected by the end of March 2009 but, according to
233:
calling for a strengthening of powers within the organisation and saying that confidence in Irish financial services had been eroded by events of the previous six months. Financial observers indicated that a replacement for Neary might have to be located in the United States or Britain.
294:
announced he would be examining the loans issued by Anglo Irish Bank to all its directors, claiming he became aware of the existence of the loans "following an inspection earlier this year". Ultimately he became a victim of the controversy and subsequently announced his retirement.
436:
denied suggestions put forth by the Opposition that he was attempting to protect anyone involved in this so-called "Golden Circle". The mystery has been discussed in Dáil Éireann since its revelation, with Minister for the Environment, Community and Local Government and
427:
subsidiary of Irish Life placed a deposit of a similar amount with Anglo, which was recorded as a customer deposit. Following a discussion with the Minister for Finance, a board meeting of IL&P accepted the resignation of two senior IL&P executives.
314:
and new versions of Anglo and defended the nationalisation by saying that if the government were to let the bank fail it would be saying to Ireland and other economies that the country was "closed for business". At an Emergency General Meeting held at the
212:
On 19 January 2009, the balance of the Board, who had served while FitzPatrick was chairman, resigned. The consequence of Anglo's nationalisation caused steep falls, up to 50%, in the market value of the other two large banks on 19 January 2009.
122:, were expected to be finalised in early February 2009 at a total of €7 billion. The nationalisation of Anglo Irish Bank on 21 January 2009 followed two more resignations earlier that month. On 7 January 2009, another director,
133:" of wealthy financiers from being identified. This mysterious group of ten businessmen is said to have received loans from Anglo Irish Bank in return for buying shares, in a move designed to keep the bank afloat.
353:
claimed that "no-one was being told the truth about Anglo Irish Bank" and called the EGM of the previous Friday "a disgrace show corporate Ireland at its worst, as there were no answers to any questions". Senator
444:
calling for the names to be made public if a legal way of doing so could be found. Anglo Irish Bank's annual report alongside the PricewaterhouseCoopers report on the bank were both published on 20 February but
3134:
2085:"Named: four of Anglo's 'golden circle' – Gerry Gannon, Joe O'Reilly, Seamus Ross and Jerry Conlan are four of the businessmen who secretly bought 10% of Anglo Irish Bank with the bank's own cash"
536:
Patrick Kearney, Gerry Gannon of Gannon Homes who had a stake in the K Club Ryder Cup golf resort, Kildare businessman Jerry Conlan, Sean Reilly of the McGarrell Reilly firm and developer Joe O'Reilly.
3000:
2951:
680:
145:
The Financial Regulator first uncovered the €87 million loans in January 2008 when inspectors from the regulator's offices carried out an inspection into the loan book of rival lender,
921:
3111:
404:
302:(CARB) undertook an investigation into the "circumstances around the issue of inappropriate directors' loans at Anglo Irish"and into the performance of Ernst and Young. The
2990:
225:
Patrick Neary on 9 January 2009 announced his decision to retire as of 31 January that year. Neary's weakness in dealing with the issue has received much criticism, with
1105:
3081:
2946:
282:, announced his decision to step down from the board, stating that his decision had been influenced by his former non-executive directorship of Anglo Irish Bank.
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266:. The following morning, Dublin's ISEQ index fell over 3% to stand at 1,987, a 14-year low. The last time it stood under the 2,000 level was the middle of 1995.
367:
The bank's internal auditors appeared before the Oireachtas Joint Committee on Economic Regulatory Affairs on 3 February 2009 to discuss the nationalisation of
3005:
2266:
684:
309:
The Irish State subsequently announced it was to become the majority shareholder in Anglo Irish Bank by injecting €3 billion into the bank. Opposition party
2812:
60:
of Anglo on 21 January 2009. FitzPatrick subsequently resigned his position and was followed within twenty-four hours by the bank's non-executive director,
3051:
1433:
410:
asked the Financial Regulator to explain what he termed "extraordinary complacency" in relation to the situation at Anglo Irish Bank. The opposition party
378:
On 11 February 2009, Lenihan revealed plans under which €3.5 billion ($ 4.5 billion, £3.1 billion) each would be provided by the government's purchase of
3335:
3096:
3020:
1419:
846:
306:
expressed how it was "surprised and disappointed" at the controversy and announced it would be writing to Anglo's new chairman to describe its worries.
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2431:
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209:
On 15 January 2009 the Government of Ireland nationalised Anglo Irish Bank and its shares were suspended on the Dublin and London Stock Exchanges.
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said the Financial Regulator had "serious questions" to answer over its supposed lack of knowledge of the loans and the Irish
303:
3370:
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2921:
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88:, has also since resigned his position. So too did a number of other chairmen, directors and executives involved with Anglo,
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20:
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quizzed the Minister for Finance on his announcement that he would provide the necessary capital to Anglo Irish Bank.
99:
Within days of the initial admission, an announcement was made that Anglo Irish Bank would be one of three (alongside
1540:
1463:
492:
564:, to enter the premises and seize documents that may show crimes committed under section 20 of the Companies' Acts.
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818:
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28:
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Anglo Irish Bank has said it would review its policy on directors' loans following FitzPatrick's resignation. The
262:
On 23 February 2009, the former Anglo Irish Bank director Anne Heraty unexpectedly resigned from the board of the
3365:
3206:
3116:
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1818:
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221:
Following reports of a communication breakdown at the office of the Financial Services Regulatory Authority, the
85:
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1939:
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480:
3201:
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2832:
2720:
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1579:"Anglo's board and auditors criticised at egm Shareholders told FitzPatrick owed bank a total of €129m in 2007"
549:
466:
275:
89:
453:
report carried out by PricewaterhouseCoopers for the Financial Regulator. The morning before its publication,
68:. A new chairman of Anglo, Donal O'Connor, was quickly appointed from the board, a move welcomed by the Irish
2234:
856:
2911:
2779:
2311:
2159:
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published the names of four of the Golden Circle members on 22 February. The four members of the elite are
2931:
2503:
2415:
230:
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111:. The recapitalisation of Anglo Irish Bank was expected to be effected in mid-January 2009, following an
3281:
3228:
3181:
2025:
1967:
1790:
1361:
1217:
1127:
437:
315:
226:
181:, and said that FitzPatrick would have already been arrested if this had occurred in the United States.
553:
164:. After receiving legal advice Ernst & Young declined to appear before a parliamentary committee.
3304:
263:
206:
On 7 January 2009, Willie McAteer resigned his position as finance director and chief risk officer.
76:. A number of investigations have been launched into the reasons behind the three resignations. The
3264:
3196:
2700:
372:
45:
560:. The warrant, issued the previous day, allowed the Gardaí, acting on behalf of the Office of the
528:
484:
3246:
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512:
342:
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1413:
1394:
898:
767:
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346:
242:, which reviewed their operations said "that regulatory expertise was lacking in some areas."
173:
100:
73:
56:
87 million in loans from the bank, triggering a series of incidents which led to the eventual
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500:
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49:
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2117:
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1944:
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851:
823:
795:
104:
57:
32:
Protestors outside Anglo Irish Bank during protests against the bank bailout in April 2010
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520:
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469:, where he stated that the ten were "heroes" in his opinion (Joe Higgins disagreed).
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without a vote on 20 January 2009. During the Seanad's debate on the bill, Senator
61:
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1904:
1902:
1335:
1165:
706:
3234:
2875:
2191:
1139:
446:
422:
Further Hidden Loans (Deposits) Controversy Involving Irish Life & Permanent
279:
119:
65:
2053:
2003:
1876:
1612:
1519:
1493:
152:
It is uncertain which officials, if any, within the bank knew about the loans.
2655:
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969:
650:
571:
532:
504:
350:
1106:
What the implications are for savers and investors as State takes over Anglo
411:
310:
116:
375:
expressed his amazement that each of the directors' loans were not tested.
19:
For this controversy in the wider context of the Irish banking crisis, see
3150:
250:
On the evening of 17 February 2009, the Chairman of the building society
2623:
2455:
2383:
2244:
791:"Regulator stumbled on loans during inspection of rival bank's books"
557:
382:
intended to re-capitalise Allied Irish Bank and the Bank of Ireland.
319:
239:
52:(the state's third-largest bank), admitted he had hidden a total of
995:
Dineen, Maeve; Keenan, Brendan; Mulligan, John (19 December 2008).
2712:
1192:"Regulator may have known of loans to FitzPatrick for eight years"
178:
323:
total level of loans to directors was announced as €179 million.
2224:
1263:"Top watchdog job to be split three ways in regulatory overhaul"
53:
3135:
List of banks acquired or bankrupted during the Great Recession
2969:
2716:
2248:
2235:
Audio of Ulick McEvaddy and Joe Higgins's "Golden Circle" Clash
2599:
2195:
1764:
129:
Taoiseach Brian Cowen denied claims that he was protecting a "
80:
is carrying out a review of the bank's dealings, although its
1330:
1328:
922:"If FitzPatrick lived in New York, he'd have been arrested"
405:
Minister for the Environment, Heritage and Local Government
1611:. Raidió Teilifís Éireann. 16 January 2009. Archived from
1518:. Raidió Teilifís Éireann. 15 January 2009. Archived from
1492:. Raidió Teilifís Éireann. 14 January 2009. Archived from
1464:"State plans €3bn capital injection into Anglo Irish Bank"
763:"'Seanie' turned a struggling minnow into a banking giant"
337:
Emergency legislation to nationalise the bank, titled the
3001:
Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act
2141:"Two former Anglo executives charged with fraud offences"
1236:"Regulator hires partner from Anglo auditor: ThePost.ie"
274:
On the evening of 24 February 2009, the chairman of the
683:. Financial Regulator. 21 December 2008. Archived from
3112:
National fiscal policy response to the Great Recession
1940:"Anglo loaned €451m to 10 clients to buy bank shares"
1128:
Bank shares lose half their value in market 'carnage'
345:, being approved by 79 – 67 before passing in
3257:
3215:
3172:
3143:
3125:
3064:
3039:
2976:
2894:
2841:
2805:
2750:
1791:"IFSRA board orders urgent review into Anglo loans"
552:warrant at the headquarters of Anglo Irish Bank on
3231:(Europe, Middle East and North Africa, Asia; 2009)
1541:Government nationalises 'fragile' Anglo Irish Bank
681:"Bank Government Announcement on Recapitalisation"
396:been established to investigate the matter. Irish
130:
1434:"Drumm resigns as chief executive of Anglo Irish"
1048:"Anglo Irish Bank statement on Drumm resignation"
2026:"McEvaddy defends Anglo Irish investor 'heroes'"
1910:"Golden Circle names should be public – Gormley"
1117:Anglo Irish directors step down, bank downgraded
997:"Anglo chief quits after hiding €87m bank loans"
2113:"'Golden Circle' cannot be named, claims Roche"
3082:American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009
2947:Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight
1095:Taxpayer is picking up ailing Anglo Irish Bank
970:"Mistakes made says Anglo Irish Bank chairman"
707:"Bank recapitalisation finalised soon – Cowen"
651:"Bank move a good deal for taxpayers: Lenihan"
2728:
2260:
1338:. Raidió Teilifís Éireann. 24 February 2009.
1309:. Raidió Teilifís Éireann. 24 February 2009.
1283:. Raidió Teilifís Éireann. 17 February 2009.
1024:. Raidió Teilifís Éireann. 19 December 2008.
946:. Raidió Teilifís Éireann. 18 December 2008.
847:"FitzPatrick Anglo loans were more than €87m"
8:
3006:Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008
1877:"'Golden Circle' dominates Dáil proceedings"
1685:. Raidió Teilifís Éireann. 21 January 2009.
1659:. Raidió Teilifís Éireann. 20 January 2009.
1218:"Financial Regulator board should be sacked"
1168:. Raidió Teilifís Éireann. 10 January 2009.
1166:"Greens call for stronger finance regulator"
414:'s deputy leader and finance representative
1490:"FG to oppose Anglo Irish recapitalisation"
1142:. Raidió Teilifís Éireann. 9 January 2009.
972:. Raidió Teilifís Éireann. 4 October 2008.
894:"Why directors' loans fell below the radar"
819:"Anglo stays silent over who knew of loans"
254:, Dr Michael Walsh, resigned his position.
3140:
3097:Fraud Enforcement and Recovery Act of 2009
3036:
3021:Term Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility
2966:
2735:
2721:
2713:
2267:
2253:
2245:
1637:. Raidió Teilifís Éireann. 16 January 2009
1635:"Anglo Irish directors' loans total €179m"
1609:"Shareholder anger at Anglo Irish meeting"
1516:"Govt to take control of Anglo Irish Bank"
737:"Anglo directors probe 'billions' deposit"
3277:Effects of the Great Recession on museums
3107:Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008
2991:China–Japan–South Korea trilateral summit
2648:Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal
2360:Bank of Credit and Commerce International
2054:"Four 'Golden Circle' named by newspaper"
1996:"McEvaddy praises Golden Circle 'heroes'"
1819:"Statement by Irish Life & Permanent"
1076:. Raidió Teilifís Éireann. 7 January 2009
359:at Áras an Uachtaráin the following day.
38:Anglo Irish Bank hidden loans controversy
2971:Government policy and spending responses
2937:Government National Mortgage Association
1735:"Anglo director loans 'tested randomly'"
1307:"Anglo Irish Bank offices were searched"
1140:"Neary to retire as Financial Regulator"
531:were not among the chosen ten. Minister
304:Irish Association of Investment Managers
44:) began in Dublin in December 2008 when
27:
3031:2008 United Kingdom bank rescue package
1709:"Anglo Irish auditors to be questioned"
1657:"Dáil votes to nationalise Anglo Irish"
920:McDonald, Dearbhail (17 January 2009).
616:
1847:"Anglo share purchases raised in Dáil"
1683:"McAleese signs Anglo Irish Bank Bill"
1418:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1411:
1362:"McGann steps down as chairman of DAA"
944:"Chairman of Anglo Irish Bank resigns"
879:"Anglo auditors won't be at committee"
398:Minister for Social and Family Affairs
339:Anglo Irish Bank Corporation Bill 2009
333:Anglo Irish Bank Corporation Bill 2009
300:Chartered Accountants Regulatory Board
3016:Temporary Liquidity Guarantee Program
2986:Banking (Special Provisions) Act 2008
2907:Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
2202:from the original on 25 February 2009
2172:from the original on 27 February 2009
2064:from the original on 26 February 2009
1968:"Lenihan statement on the PWC report"
1920:from the original on 21 February 2009
1887:from the original on 19 February 2009
1857:from the original on 18 February 2009
1771:from the original on 13 February 2009
1553:"Lenihan defends Anglo takeover move"
1342:from the original on 25 February 2009
1313:from the original on 26 February 2009
1287:from the original on 19 February 2009
1028:from the original on 21 December 2008
976:from the original on 23 December 2008
950:from the original on 20 December 2008
661:from the original on 22 December 2008
625:"Drumm quits Anglo in loans fall-out"
107:) that would be recapitalised by the
7:
2902:Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
2158:McDonald, Henry (24 February 2009).
1689:from the original on 24 January 2009
1663:from the original on 3 February 2009
1172:from the original on 10 January 2009
1146:from the original on 11 January 2009
1074:"Anglo Irish loses another director"
717:from the original on 8 February 2009
544:On 24 February 2009, members of the
3192:Collateralized mortgage obligations
1281:"Irish Nationwide Chairman resigns"
1022:"Anglo Irish chief third to resign"
546:Garda Bureau of Fraud Investigation
177:described Anglo Irish as Ireland's
2192:"Fraud search at Anglo Irish Bank"
2002:. 20 February 2009. Archived from
1440:. 19 December 2008. Archived from
892:Dineen, Maeve (19 December 2008).
487:. The same article declared that
14:
3336:Post-2008 Irish economic downturn
3287:2007–2008 world food price crisis
3087:Chinese economic stimulus program
3072:2008 European Union stimulus plan
2996:Commercial Paper Funding Facility
2640:Wells Fargo account fraud scandal
1761:"Rescue plan for Ireland's banks"
562:Director of Corporate Enforcement
158:Irish Nationwide Building Society
147:Irish Nationwide Building Society
42:circular transactions controversy
3315:List of countries by public debt
2942:National Asset Management Agency
1585:. 1 January 2009. Archived from
574:
3270:2008 Central Asia energy crisis
3187:Collateralized debt obligations
2608:Saradha Group financial scandal
2568:National Herald corruption case
2083:Lyons, Tom (22 February 2009).
3077:2008–2009 Keynesian resurgence
2922:Federal Housing Finance Agency
2917:Federal Housing Administration
2424:Lysine price-fixing conspiracy
21:Post-2008 Irish banking crisis
1:
3092:Economic Stimulus Act of 2008
3026:Troubled Asset Relief Program
2952:Office of Financial Stability
2927:Federal Housing Finance Board
2861:Société Générale trading loss
2296:Panic of 1890 (Baring crisis)
1261:Brennan, Joe (27 June 2009).
113:Extraordinary General Meeting
3011:Irish emergency budget, 2009
2632:1Malaysia Development Berhad
2544:Volkswagen emissions scandal
2440:Long-Term Capital Management
2400:Towers Financial Corporation
2680:Facebook company files leak
2592:Indian coal allocation scam
1336:"ISEQ falls to 14-year low"
286:Outcome and nationalisation
3387:
3310:2007–2008 financial crisis
3202:Mortgage-backed securities
2813:Automotive industry crisis
2160:"'Police raid Anglo Irish"
330:
18:
3300:
3207:Secondary mortgage market
3128:rescues, and acquisitions
3126:Government interventions,
3117:Zero interest-rate policy
2965:
2828:Housing market correction
2690:
2282:
3225:(United States; c. 2009)
2957:UK Financial Investments
2842:Banking losses and fraud
2833:Subprime mortgage crisis
2818:California budget crisis
2576:News Corporation scandal
2376:Indian stock market scam
2241:– 20 February 2009
276:Dublin Airport Authority
270:Dublin Airport Authority
90:Irish Life and Permanent
3243:(worldwide; 2011–2012)
3182:Auction rate securities
2912:Federal Home Loan Banks
2058:Raidió Teilifís Éireann
2000:Raidió Teilifís Éireann
1914:Raidió Teilifís Éireann
1881:Raidió Teilifís Éireann
1851:Raidió Teilifís Éireann
1739:Raidió Teilifís Éireann
1713:Raidió Teilifís Éireann
1557:Raidió Teilifís Éireann
741:Raidió Teilifís Éireann
711:Raidió Teilifís Éireann
655:Raidió Teilifís Éireann
629:Raidió Teilifís Éireann
605:Put on the green jersey
590:List of Irish companies
78:Central Bank of Ireland
16:Irish financial scandal
3346:2009 in Irish politics
3341:2008 in Irish politics
2932:Federal Reserve System
2806:United States-specific
2504:Bayou Hedge Fund Group
204:
33:
3371:Banking controversies
3282:Decline of newspapers
3229:2009 May Day protests
3175:and financial markets
3065:Stimulus and recovery
2312:Kinney Services, Inc.
331:Further information:
197:
64:and chief executive,
31:
3361:Financial regulation
3305:European debt crisis
3197:Credit default swaps
3173:Securities involved
2979:stability and reform
2416:Sumitomo Corporation
2198:. 24 February 2009.
2060:. 22 February 2009.
1916:. 19 February 2009.
1883:. 18 February 2009.
1853:. 17 February 2009.
1767:. 12 February 2009.
1444:on 19 September 2012
1242:on 14 September 2009
657:. 22 December 2008.
595:FÁS expenses scandal
341:, was voted through
258:Irish Stock Exchange
70:Minister for Finance
3351:Accounting scandals
3265:2000s energy crisis
2977:Banking and finance
2895:Government entities
2701:Accounting scandals
2230:Financial Regulator
2006:on 24 February 2009
713:. 7 February 2009.
523:, Richard Barrett,
491:, Patrick Doherty,
431:The "Golden Circle"
292:Financial Regulator
223:Financial Regulator
217:Financial Regulator
82:Financial Regulator
40:(also known as the
3356:Banking in Ireland
3247:Occupy Wall Street
3223:Tea Party protests
2881:Scott W. Rothstein
2392:Metallgesellschaft
2276:Corporate scandals
2147:. 2 December 2012.
2121:. 24 February 2009
2034:. 20 February 2009
1976:. 20 February 2009
1948:. 20 February 2009
1827:. 13 February 2009
1799:. 20 December 2008
1615:on 17 January 2009
1522:on 16 January 2009
1496:on 15 January 2009
1470:. 20 December 2008
1368:. 24 February 2009
1224:. 2 February 2009.
1054:. 19 December 2008
881:. 2 February 2009.
827:. 20 December 2008
799:. 20 December 2008
771:. 19 December 2008
743:. 10 February 2009
687:on 29 January 2009
631:. 19 December 2008
554:St Stephen's Green
483:, Seamus Ross and
48:, the chairman of
34:
3323:
3322:
3292:Retail apocalypse
3237:(MENA; 2010–2012)
3168:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3060:
3059:
3040:Bank stress tests
2710:
2709:
2288:South Sea Company
2145:Irish Independent
1741:. 3 February 2009
1715:. 29 January 2009
1559:. 16 January 2009
1267:Irish Independent
1198:. 24 January 2009
1001:Irish Independent
932:on 1 August 2013.
926:Irish Independent
899:Irish Independent
768:Irish Independent
600:Enten controversy
174:Irish Independent
162:Ernst & Young
101:Allied Irish Bank
3378:
3366:Anglo Irish Bank
3216:Social responses
3141:
3037:
2967:
2737:
2730:
2723:
2714:
2703:
2696:
2683:
2675:
2667:
2659:
2651:
2643:
2635:
2627:
2619:
2611:
2603:
2595:
2587:
2579:
2571:
2563:
2560:2G spectrum case
2555:
2547:
2539:
2536:Anglo Irish Bank
2531:
2523:
2515:
2512:Société Générale
2507:
2499:
2491:
2483:
2475:
2467:
2459:
2451:
2443:
2435:
2427:
2419:
2411:
2403:
2395:
2387:
2379:
2371:
2363:
2355:
2347:
2339:
2331:
2323:
2320:Banco Ambrosiano
2315:
2307:
2299:
2291:
2269:
2262:
2255:
2246:
2225:Anglo Irish Bank
2212:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2155:
2149:
2148:
2137:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2090:The Sunday Times
2080:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2022:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2011:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1936:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1906:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1873:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1605:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1549:
1543:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1417:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1400:on 17 March 2009
1399:
1393:. Archived from
1392:
1384:
1378:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1332:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1238:. Archived from
1232:
1226:
1225:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1162:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1136:
1130:
1125:
1119:
1114:
1108:
1103:
1097:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1018:
1012:
1011:
1009:
1007:
992:
986:
985:
983:
981:
966:
960:
959:
957:
955:
940:
934:
933:
928:. Archived from
917:
911:
910:
908:
906:
889:
883:
882:
875:
869:
868:
866:
864:
855:. Archived from
843:
837:
836:
834:
832:
815:
809:
808:
806:
804:
787:
781:
780:
778:
776:
759:
753:
752:
750:
748:
733:
727:
726:
724:
722:
703:
697:
696:
694:
692:
677:
671:
670:
668:
666:
647:
641:
640:
638:
636:
621:
584:
579:
578:
577:
472:The Sunday Times
373:Kieran O'Donnell
369:Anglo Irish Bank
252:Irish Nationwide
246:Irish Nationwide
190:Anglo Irish Bank
109:Irish government
94:Irish Nationwide
50:Anglo Irish Bank
46:Seán FitzPatrick
3386:
3385:
3381:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3376:
3375:
3326:
3325:
3324:
3319:
3296:
3253:
3241:Occupy movement
3211:
3174:
3160:
3139:
3127:
3121:
3056:
3035:
2978:
2972:
2961:
2890:
2837:
2801:
2746:
2744:Great Recession
2741:
2711:
2706:
2699:
2694:
2686:
2678:
2670:
2662:
2654:
2646:
2638:
2630:
2622:
2614:
2610:(2013–ongoing)
2606:
2598:
2590:
2582:
2574:
2570:(2010–ongoing)
2566:
2558:
2550:
2542:
2534:
2526:
2518:
2510:
2502:
2494:
2486:
2478:
2470:
2462:
2454:
2446:
2438:
2430:
2422:
2414:
2406:
2398:
2390:
2382:
2374:
2366:
2358:
2350:
2342:
2334:
2326:
2318:
2310:
2302:
2294:
2286:
2278:
2273:
2221:
2216:
2215:
2205:
2203:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2175:
2173:
2157:
2156:
2152:
2139:
2138:
2134:
2124:
2122:
2118:The Irish Times
2111:
2110:
2106:
2096:
2094:
2082:
2081:
2077:
2067:
2065:
2052:
2051:
2047:
2037:
2035:
2031:The Irish Times
2024:
2023:
2019:
2009:
2007:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1979:
1977:
1973:The Irish Times
1966:
1965:
1961:
1951:
1949:
1945:The Irish Times
1938:
1937:
1933:
1923:
1921:
1908:
1907:
1900:
1890:
1888:
1875:
1874:
1870:
1860:
1858:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1830:
1828:
1824:The Irish Times
1817:
1816:
1812:
1802:
1800:
1796:The Irish Times
1789:
1788:
1784:
1774:
1772:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1744:
1742:
1733:
1732:
1728:
1718:
1716:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1692:
1690:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1666:
1664:
1655:
1654:
1650:
1640:
1638:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1618:
1616:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1592:
1590:
1583:The Irish Times
1577:
1576:
1572:
1562:
1560:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1539:
1535:
1525:
1523:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1499:
1497:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1473:
1471:
1468:The Irish Times
1462:
1461:
1457:
1447:
1445:
1438:The Irish Times
1432:
1431:
1427:
1410:
1403:
1401:
1397:
1390:
1388:"Archived copy"
1386:
1385:
1381:
1371:
1369:
1366:The Irish Times
1360:
1359:
1355:
1345:
1343:
1334:
1333:
1326:
1316:
1314:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1290:
1288:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1245:
1243:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1222:The Irish Times
1216:
1215:
1211:
1201:
1199:
1196:The Irish Times
1190:
1189:
1185:
1175:
1173:
1164:
1163:
1159:
1149:
1147:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1126:
1122:
1115:
1111:
1104:
1100:
1093:
1089:
1079:
1077:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1057:
1055:
1052:The Irish Times
1046:
1045:
1041:
1031:
1029:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1005:
1003:
994:
993:
989:
979:
977:
968:
967:
963:
953:
951:
942:
941:
937:
919:
918:
914:
904:
902:
891:
890:
886:
877:
876:
872:
862:
860:
852:The Irish Times
845:
844:
840:
830:
828:
824:The Irish Times
817:
816:
812:
802:
800:
796:The Irish Times
789:
788:
784:
774:
772:
761:
760:
756:
746:
744:
735:
734:
730:
720:
718:
705:
704:
700:
690:
688:
679:
678:
674:
664:
662:
649:
648:
644:
634:
632:
623:
622:
618:
613:
580:
575:
573:
570:
542:
463:Socialist Party
433:
424:
393:
388:
365:
335:
329:
288:
272:
260:
248:
219:
192:
187:
139:
105:Bank of Ireland
58:nationalisation
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3384:
3382:
3374:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3328:
3327:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3301:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3273:
3272:
3261:
3259:
3258:Related topics
3255:
3254:
3252:
3251:
3250:
3249:
3238:
3232:
3226:
3219:
3217:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3178:
3176:
3170:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3158:
3156:General Motors
3153:
3147:
3145:
3138:
3137:
3131:
3129:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3102:Green New Deal
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3068:
3066:
3062:
3061:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3054:
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3034:
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3023:
3018:
3013:
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3003:
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2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2898:
2896:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2888:
2886:Allen Stanford
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2857:
2856:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2823:Housing bubble
2820:
2815:
2809:
2807:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2799:
2794:
2793:
2792:
2782:
2777:
2776:
2775:
2770:
2760:
2754:
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2748:
2747:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2732:
2725:
2717:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2704:
2697:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2684:
2676:
2668:
2660:
2652:
2644:
2642:(2016–ongoing)
2636:
2634:(2015–ongoing)
2628:
2620:
2618:(2013–ongoing)
2612:
2604:
2596:
2588:
2580:
2572:
2564:
2556:
2548:
2540:
2532:
2524:
2516:
2508:
2500:
2492:
2484:
2476:
2468:
2460:
2452:
2444:
2436:
2428:
2420:
2412:
2404:
2396:
2388:
2380:
2372:
2368:Robert Maxwell
2364:
2356:
2348:
2344:Bofors scandal
2340:
2332:
2324:
2316:
2308:
2300:
2292:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2264:
2257:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2232:
2227:
2220:
2219:External links
2217:
2214:
2213:
2183:
2150:
2132:
2104:
2075:
2045:
2017:
1987:
1959:
1931:
1898:
1868:
1838:
1810:
1782:
1752:
1726:
1700:
1674:
1648:
1626:
1600:
1589:on 22 May 2011
1570:
1544:
1533:
1507:
1481:
1455:
1425:
1379:
1353:
1324:
1298:
1272:
1253:
1227:
1209:
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1131:
1120:
1109:
1098:
1087:
1065:
1039:
1013:
987:
961:
935:
912:
884:
870:
859:on 22 May 2011
838:
810:
782:
754:
728:
698:
672:
642:
615:
614:
612:
609:
608:
607:
602:
597:
592:
586:
585:
569:
566:
550:District Court
541:
538:
517:Michael Whelan
461:alongside the
455:Ulick McEvaddy
432:
429:
423:
420:
416:Richard Bruton
392:
389:
387:
384:
364:
361:
347:Seanad Éireann
328:
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124:Willie McAteer
15:
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3:
2:
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2899:
2897:
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2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2871:Bernie Madoff
2869:
2867:
2866:Forex scandal
2864:
2862:
2859:
2855:
2852:
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2562:(2010–2019)
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2408:Barings Bank
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619:
582:Banks portal
543:
540:Fraud search
529:Fintan Drury
525:Johnny Ronan
509:John Magnier
489:Sean Mulryan
485:Jerry Conlan
481:Joe O'Reilly
477:Gerry Gannon
470:
457:appeared on
442:John Gormley
434:
425:
408:John Gormley
401:Mary Hanafin
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185:Resignations
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98:
62:Lar Bradshaw
41:
37:
35:
25:
3235:Arab Spring
3144:Non-banking
2876:Tom Petters
2602:(2012–2013)
2546:(2008–2015)
2538:(2008–2011)
2530:(2008–2012)
2490:(2003-2005)
2434:(1999-2006)
2239:RTÉ Radio 1
2206:24 February
2176:24 February
2125:24 February
2097:22 February
2068:22 February
2038:20 February
2010:20 February
1980:20 February
1952:20 February
1924:19 February
1891:18 February
1861:18 February
1831:13 February
1803:20 December
1775:12 February
1474:20 December
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1372:24 February
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1058:19 December
1032:19 December
1006:19 December
980:19 December
954:19 December
905:19 December
831:20 December
803:20 December
775:19 December
747:10 February
691:30 December
665:22 December
635:19 December
548:executed a
467:Joe Higgins
459:RTÉ Radio 1
438:Green Party
356:Joe O'Toole
327:Legislation
280:Gary McGann
227:Green Party
120:Brian Cowen
66:David Drumm
3330:Categories
2656:Moser Baer
2352:Polly Peck
2168:. London.
1745:5 February
1719:5 February
1693:21 January
1667:21 January
1641:16 January
1619:16 January
1593:19 January
1563:16 January
1526:16 January
1500:16 January
1246:18 October
1202:24 January
1176:10 January
1150:10 January
863:19 January
721:7 February
611:References
533:Dick Roche
513:Noel Smyth
505:JP McManus
493:Sean Dunne
363:Discussion
351:Shane Ross
137:Background
2854:Tom Hayes
2751:By region
2304:Salad Oil
1080:7 January
412:Fine Gael
311:Fine Gael
231:Dan Boyle
117:Taoiseach
3151:Chrysler
2763:Americas
2695:See also
2664:Wirecard
2488:Parmalat
2480:WorldCom
2472:Adelphia
2336:Guinness
2200:Archived
2170:Archived
2093:. London
2062:Archived
1918:Archived
1885:Archived
1855:Archived
1769:Archived
1687:Archived
1661:Archived
1414:cite web
1340:Archived
1311:Archived
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1170:Archived
1144:Archived
1026:Archived
974:Archived
948:Archived
715:Archived
659:Archived
568:See also
447:Tánaiste
386:Findings
229:Senator
2797:Oceania
2790:Iceland
2624:Toshiba
2594:(2012)
2584:Olympus
2456:One.Tel
2384:Banesto
2346:(1990)
1404:4 March
440:leader
380:options
278:(DAA),
2785:Europe
2758:Africa
2682:(2021)
2674:(2020)
2672:Nikola
2666:(2020)
2658:(2019)
2650:(2018)
2626:(2015)
2586:(2011)
2578:(2011)
2554:(2009)
2552:Satyam
2522:(2008)
2514:(2008)
2506:(2005)
2498:(2004)
2482:(2002)
2474:(2002)
2466:(2001)
2458:(2001)
2450:(2000)
2442:(2000)
2432:Daewoo
2426:(1997)
2418:(1996)
2410:(1995)
2402:(1993)
2394:(1993)
2386:(1993)
2378:(1992)
2370:(1991)
2362:(1990)
2354:(1990)
2338:(1986)
2330:(1983)
2322:(1982)
2314:(1971)
2306:(1963)
2298:(1890)
2290:(1720)
558:Dublin
391:Review
320:Dublin
240:Mazars
2616:Forex
2528:Libor
2464:Enron
2448:CINAR
1398:(PDF)
1391:(PDF)
179:Enron
3052:U.S.
2780:Asia
2496:Tyco
2208:2009
2178:2009
2127:2009
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2012:2009
1982:2009
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