303:. as a way to pay for his expenses abroad. Trocmé met Magda Grilli, a Russian-Italian woman who had come to New York to learn social work and escape the confines of her home. Magda Elisa Larissa Grilli di Cortona was born on November 2, 1901, in Florence, Italy. Her father was an Italian born of Florentine nobility and was distant to Magda due to the death of his wife, Magda's mother. Magda's mother was a Russian woman who died shortly after giving birth to Magda. Magda's new step-mother had attempted to put Magda into a Catholic school while in elementary school, but Magda could not outwardly conform. Magda preferred to make up her own mind rather than follow the "ready-made" opinions of others. Even marrying a Protestant pastor did not change her skepticism of religion.
631:
439:
266:
66:
2937:
2925:
2913:
2888:
380:
false names. Many village families and numerous farm families also took in children whose parents had been shipped to concentration camps in
Germany. Trocmé refused to accept the definitions of those in power. "We do not know what a Jew is. We only know men", he said when asked by the Vichy authorities to produce a list of the Jews in the town. Between 1940 and 1945 when World War II ended in Europe, it is now documented by researcher Muriel Rosenberg in her 2021 book
3236:
3188:
3140:
3092:
2827:
278:
upbringing was sheltered and strict, but he faced reality when the First World War reached his hometown. During this period of time, Trocmé was only thirteen as he watched soldiers struggle through the streets after battle. In 1916 he saw the trains carrying soldiers bodies to the crematoriums of the South. Trocmé became aware of the notions of identity and loyalty as his family was split between his mother's German heritage and his half-French brothers.
2839:
2657:
2876:
2777:
2729:
2717:
3857:
2618:
3224:
2996:
2765:
2741:
2753:
2670:
2631:
642:, recognized André Trocmé as Righteous among the Nations. He died later that year in Geneva. In July 1986, Magda was also recognized. Several years later, Yad Vashem honored the village of Le Chambon-sur-Lignon and the neighboring communities with an engraved stele erected in its memorial park. It was the second time Yad Vashem honored a whole community, the first time being the Dutch village of
3056:
2644:
581:
2973:
3176:
2800:
3068:
3212:
3128:
2705:
3200:
3164:
3152:
3116:
3104:
3080:
3044:
3032:
3020:
3008:
2851:
291:
himself, including
Edouard Theis, who later joined Trocmé in Le Chambon. Trocmé's studies were interrupted due to mandatory military service (1921–1923), which Trocmé did not oppose because he wanted to experience the service time in Morocco. Upon returning from the military he joined the French wing of the
314:
in northern France, a town destroyed by the Great War. Conscientious objection was a forbidden matter among pastors, though this did not stop Trocmé from supporting those of the town who refused conscription. This reflected Trocmé's pacifism, which was not highly regarded in the
Protestant faith. The
421:
near
Limoges, they were released after four weeks and pressed to sign a commitment to obey all government orders. Trocmé and Theis refused but were nevertheless released. They went underground where Trocmé was still able to keep the rescue and sanctuary efforts running smoothly with the help of many
670:
As historians continue to examine events during the German occupation and Vichy rule, several longstanding disputes have emerged. In the case of the
Plateau Vivarais-Lignon and Le Chambon-sur-Lignon, they include whether the interpretations based on Trocmé's writings are complete or correct. Those
281:
His views on pacifism came to fruition when he met a young soldier. They spoke a great deal, and the young soldier told him about the ideals of non-violence, influencing Trocmé greatly. The young soldier was killed in battle later on, and Trocmé took pacifism more seriously. When his hometown was
379:
With the help of many dedicated people, families were located who were willing to accommodate Jewish refugees; members of the community reported to the railroad station to gather the arriving refugees, and the town's schools were prepared for the increased enrollment of new children, often under
384:
that at least 2,000 Jewish refugees, including many children, were saved by the small village of Le
Chambon and the communities on the surrounding plateau because the people refused to give in to what they considered to be the illegitimate legal, military and police power of the Nazis. (Earlier
355:. Trocmé and his church members helped their town develop ways of resisting the dominant force they faced. Together they established first one, and then a number of "safe houses" where Jewish and other refugees seeking to escape the Nazis could hide. These houses received contributions from the
277:
to a large and prosperous upper-middle class and
Protestant family. His mother, Pauline Schwerdtmenn, passed away when Trocmé was ten due to an automobile accident, leaving him to be raised by his distant but demanding father. André's father, Paul Trocmé, was a wealthy curtain manufacturer. His
1310:
by
Patrick Henry, a thoroughly researched and referenced book that tells the stories of some of the courageous rescuers on the Plateau Vivarais-Lignon, who by instinct protected the oppressed and the helpless without first asking the question "Why?" (Catholic University of America Press, 2007,
388:
These activities eventually came to the attention of the anti-Jewish Vichy regime. Authorities and "security agents" were sent to perform searches within the town, most of which were unsuccessful. One arrest by the
Gestapo led to the death of several young Jewish men in deportation camps. The
290:
The Trocmé family moved to Paris, shortly after the end of the First World War. He began studying at the
Faculty of the Protestant Theology as well as at Sorbonne. Trocmé's convictions of nonviolence and Christian socialism were deepened here as he studied the Bible. He met many students like
31:
350:
regime, Trocmé and other area ministers serving other parishes encouraged their congregations to shelter "the people of the Bible" and for their cities to be a "city of refuge." Trocmé was a catalyst whose efforts led to Le Chambon and surrounding villages becoming a unique haven in
315:
family stayed here for seven years, but by 1932 the dusty, polluted air began to take a toll on them. While in search of a new parish, Trocmé was turned down by the first two he had applied to. The third, Le Chambon, was more open to pacifists and admired his great faith.
1299:
by Peter Grose, a compellingly-written, accurate (fact-checked by numerous historians and André and Magda's daughter, Nelly Trocmé Hewett) account of how 2,000+ refugees were saved by Huguenot farmers on the Plateau Vivarais-Lignon during WWII. (Pegasus Books, 2015,
607:. They also advocated for the independence of Algeria from France, and demonstrated against the development of nuclear armaments in France. André and Magda were signatories of the agreement to convene a convention for drafting a
322:, in Le Chambon-sur-Lignon. Its initial purpose was to prepare local country youngsters to enter the university. When the refugees arrived, it also took in many Jewish young people wishing to continue their secondary education.
2538:
697:(2014) also examines the events on the Plateau Vivarais-Lignon and in Le Chambon-sur-Lignon, other authors, historians and documentary filmmakers believe that that book presents a biased and inaccurate view of what took place.
2500:
352:
282:
bombed in 1917 by the Germans, he and his family were evacuated to southern Belgium as refugees. This gave Trocmé an understanding of what it meant to be poor, contrast to the wealthy life he had been accustomed to.
375:
and the Swiss organization Help to Children in order to house and buy food supplies for the fleeing refugees. Many refugees were helped to escape to Switzerland following an underground railroad network.
405:
were sent into the town to locate "illegal" aliens. Amidst rumors that Trocmé was soon to be arrested, he urged his parishioners to "do the will of God, not of men". He also spoke of the Biblical passage
306:
From a young age, Magda was interested in social work. In 1925, Magda attended the New York School of Social Work at Columbia University by scholarship. It was here in New York that Magda and André met.
2531:
3931:
3860:
2524:
3881:
1744:
3798:
567:
194:
2430:
1971:
1505:
2424:
3901:
622:
André spent his final years as a pastor of the Reformed Church in Geneva, where he died. Magda died in Paris. André and Magda are buried in Le Chambon-sur-Lignon.
319:
511:
477:
138:
104:
1197:
Against Indifference: Four Christian Responses to Jewish Suffering during the Holocaust: C. S. Lewis, Thomas Merton, Dietrich Bonhoeffer, André and Magda Trocmé.
541:
516:
506:
168:
143:
133:
2443:
1397:
531:
491:
486:
158:
118:
113:
3916:
1734:
536:
401:, a minister in the Vichy government, made an official visit to Le Chambon on August 15, 1942, Trocmé expressed his opinions to him. Days later, the Vichy
163:
1456:
592:
585:
525:
501:
296:
292:
152:
128:
342:, André and Magda Trocmé became involved in a network organizing the rescue of Jews fleeing the deportation efforts of the Nazi implementation of their
630:
2577:
560:
496:
393:
who was André's second cousin, refused to let the young adults put in his care to be sent away without him. He was arrested and later murdered in the
187:
123:
2564:
616:
310:
André Trocmé married Magda Grilli in 1926. They had four children: Nelly, Jean-Pierre, Jacques, and Daniel. Trocmé's first post as a pastor was at
2462:
1675:
1575:
45:
2240:
1949:
1701:
1671:
1264:
748:
1216:
874:
295:
along with several of his friends from university. In 1925 he was offered a one-year bursary designated for young French theologians by the
2550:
2024:
1961:
553:
180:
2187:
1119:
3906:
3891:
453:
241:. In his preaching, he spoke out against discrimination as the Nazis were gaining power in neighboring Germany and urged his Protestant
80:
1362:
1535:
521:
148:
1651:
1186:
1008:
969:
364:
1994:
1550:
667:
The Plateau Vivarais-Lignon and Le Chambon-sur-Lignon have become a symbol of the rescue of Jews in France during World War II.
3751:
2547:
2295:
1883:
1847:
413:
In February 1943, André Trocmé was arrested along with Edouard Theis and the public school headmaster Roger Darcissac. Sent to
928:
3192:
3144:
1565:
1449:
1414:
1032:
3687:
2415:
1618:
2505:
2495:
2147:
2034:
1909:
1739:
2450:
3886:
3803:
3060:
1623:
368:
767:
Zuccotti, Susan (2014). "A Portrait of Pacifists: Le Chambon, the Holocaust, and the Lives of André and Magda Trocmé".
3911:
3000:
2721:
2310:
1989:
1929:
1545:
654:
428:
394:
215:
55:
2757:
1383:
338:
in 1940, the mission to resist the Nazis became increasingly important. Believing in the same ideas as former Pastor
438:
407:
65:
3156:
2390:
1681:
1643:
1540:
612:
418:
410:, which speaks of the entitlement of the persecuted to shelter. The gendarmes were unsuccessful and left the town.
1686:
1405:
265:
3896:
2195:
2057:
1984:
1500:
1442:
1253:
274:
238:
318:
In 1938, Pastor André Trocmé and Reverend Edouard Theis founded the Ecole Nouvelle Cévenole, which later became
3926:
3851:
3216:
1580:
1520:
1510:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
3849:
3846:
3843:
1628:
1603:
1070:
1045:
414:
1301:
653:(1910–1944), who was involved in similar activities to rescue Jews from the Vichy government and died in the
3367:
3297:
2733:
2436:
2370:
2335:
2102:
2009:
1955:
1590:
1570:
1560:
1555:
1530:
1515:
1465:
1000:
721:
716:
300:
219:
3591:
3523:
3515:
3475:
3287:
3228:
3024:
2804:
2480:
2205:
1656:
1633:
1525:
604:
2132:
1812:
3377:
3372:
3277:
3180:
2330:
1871:
226:
3132:
2395:
1096:"Preparing earth constitution | Global Strategies & Solutions | The Encyclopedia of World Problems"
398:
3583:
2936:
2924:
2912:
2887:
2350:
2177:
2122:
2072:
1877:
1661:
1598:
402:
339:
2270:
1270:
815:
Batten, Alicia J (2010-07-03). "Reading the Bible in occupied France: André Trocmé and Le Chambon".
744:
657:
in April 1944. In March 1976, Yad Vashem likewise recognized Daniel as Righteous among the Nations.
214:(née Grilli di Cortona, November 2, 1901 – October 10, 1996), were a French couple designated
3403:
3282:
3267:
2977:
2781:
2694:
2516:
2385:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2152:
1696:
2250:
1772:
1339:
1046:"Letters from Thane Read asking Helen Keller to sign the World Constitution for world peace. 1961"
30:
3921:
3819:
3647:
3607:
3120:
2685:
2457:
2365:
2300:
1852:
1822:
1787:
1706:
693:
688:
608:
463:
234:
90:
3168:
2375:
2280:
1939:
1919:
1312:
664:(Paths of a Life) recorded by Christian Lassalas for FR3 Auvergne Radio (April 1982 – 90 min).
3703:
3495:
3382:
3240:
3048:
2607:
2210:
2167:
2142:
2097:
2052:
1979:
1807:
1792:
1711:
1613:
1212:
1182:
1127:
1028:
1004:
965:
961:
906:
870:
832:
784:
1071:"Letter from World Constitution Coordinating Committee to Helen, enclosing current materials"
3829:
3824:
3727:
3711:
3623:
3599:
3465:
3398:
3343:
3254:
3108:
3036:
2490:
2290:
2200:
2137:
2082:
1914:
1368:
953:
824:
776:
650:
390:
331:
1255:
A Portrait of Pacifists: Le Chambon, the Holocaust, and the Lives of André and Magda Trocmé
685:
A Portrait of Pacifists: Le Chambon, the Holocaust, and the Lives of André and Magda Trocmé
3779:
3743:
3505:
3490:
3084:
2816:
2275:
2172:
2087:
2077:
1767:
1666:
580:
44:
2360:
1944:
1797:
1754:
1286:
3695:
3679:
3567:
3549:
3500:
3480:
3424:
3312:
3272:
3262:
3235:
3187:
3139:
3091:
2892:
2855:
2831:
2826:
2745:
2592:
2485:
2220:
2215:
2117:
1924:
1827:
1205:
687:(2012) provides a thorough exploration of the roles and writings of the Trocmés. While
360:
343:
3875:
3771:
3759:
3719:
3639:
3533:
3470:
3440:
3419:
3322:
3096:
2929:
2880:
2843:
2597:
2380:
2355:
2340:
2320:
2157:
2127:
2112:
2092:
2067:
2042:
2019:
2004:
1817:
1802:
1691:
1476:
954:
672:
458:
448:
371:, Jewish and Christian ecumenical groups, the French Protestant student organization
250:
85:
75:
1179:
Lest Innocent Blood Be Shed: The Story of Le Chambon and How Goodness Happened There
3735:
3671:
3615:
3317:
3072:
3012:
2941:
2838:
2662:
2587:
2325:
2285:
2230:
2047:
2014:
1934:
1901:
1837:
1832:
1777:
596:
347:
335:
254:
3655:
2162:
1420:
27:
French husband-and-wife protectors of Jewish refugees; Righteous Among the Nations
1095:
3631:
3204:
2955:
2709:
2225:
2062:
1782:
1716:
1351:
591:
After the war, André Trocmé and his wife Magda served as co-secretaries for the
1120:"The Village of Le Chambon-sur-Lignon: André & Magda Trocmé, Daniel Trocmé"
3485:
3457:
2917:
2875:
2776:
2728:
2716:
2623:
2582:
2405:
2345:
1842:
1762:
1100:
The Encyclopedia of World Problems | Union of International Associations (UIA)
828:
643:
639:
600:
468:
95:
910:
836:
788:
634:
Plaque commemorating the Trocmé's rescue of the Jews in Le Chambon-sur-Lignon
3663:
3351:
2865:
2769:
2107:
1999:
299:
in New York. It was there that Trocmé worked as a tutor for the children of
17:
1726:
1434:
1302:
http://pegasusbooks.com/books/a-good-place-to-hide-9781605986920-hardcover
599:, André and Magda set up the group Eirene in Morocco, with the aid of the
3559:
3327:
3223:
2995:
2764:
2740:
2675:
2636:
311:
242:
3067:
2752:
2649:
780:
356:
3211:
3127:
3055:
2902:
2704:
1890:
372:
246:
230:
222:
1320:
385:
unsubstantiated estimates were 3,000 to 5,000 refugees were saved.)
897:
Fox, Deborah (2006). "Magda Trocmé: A Mother Responds, "Hineni!"".
681:
We Only Know Men: The Rescue of Jews in France During the Holocaust
3199:
3175:
3163:
3151:
3115:
3103:
3079:
3043:
3031:
3019:
3007:
2850:
2799:
1608:
706:"Look hard for ways to make little moves against destructiveness".
629:
579:
264:
233:. He had been accepted to the rather remote parish because of his
43:
29:
929:"André and Magda Trocmé and the Village of Le Chambon-sur-Lignon"
3764:
2520:
1438:
1332:
1313:
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1342636.We_Only_Know_Men
1207:
Practicing Theology: Beliefs and Practices in Christian Life
1328:
1003:
and Nigel Young. Syracuse University Press, New York, 1999
389:
director of their residence La Maison des Roches, director
638:
In January 1971, the Holocaust memorial center in Israel,
1367:, The Jewish Foundation for the Righteous, archived from
1244:
899:
Shofar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Jewish Studies
3799:
World Committee for a World Constitutional Convention
1269:, Swarthmore College Peace Collection, archived from
584:
André Trocmé speaking in 1958 as co-secretary of the
3812:
3791:
3576:
3558:
3532:
3514:
3456:
3433:
3412:
3391:
3360:
3336:
3305:
3296:
3253:
2986:
2963:
2954:
2901:
2864:
2815:
2790:
2693:
2684:
2606:
2414:
2309:
2239:
2186:
2033:
1970:
1900:
1861:
1753:
1725:
1642:
1589:
660:Magda Trocmé was the guest of French radio program
229:, on the Plateau Vivarais-Lignon, in south-central
210:(April 7, 1901 – June 5, 1971) and his wife,
2431:Sons and Daughters of Jewish Deportees from France
1204:
1419:(bibliography), Heart has reasons, archived from
1023:Charles E. Moore, "Introduction" to André Trocmé
745:"André Trocmé and Magda Trocmé Papers, 1919–date"
3932:World Constitutional Convention call signatories
1285:Trocmé, André (2004) , Moore, Charles E. (ed.),
237:positions, which were not well received by the
3882:20th-century Calvinist and Reformed ministers
2532:
1450:
1322:Weapons of the Spirit (Les armes de l'esprit)
561:
188:
8:
739:
737:
269:The Reformed church in Le Chambon-sur-Lignon
2425:Fondation pour la Mémoire de la Déportation
1735:Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation
3302:
2960:
2690:
2539:
2525:
2517:
1457:
1443:
1435:
593:International Fellowship of Reconciliation
586:International Fellowship of Reconciliation
568:
554:
424:
293:International Fellowship of Reconciliation
195:
181:
51:
2578:World Constitution Coordinating Committee
1203:Volf, Miroslav; Bass, Dorothy C. (2001),
960:. Chicago: Chicago Review Press. p.
2565:Constitution for the Federation of Earth
1147:
617:Constitution for the Federation of Earth
3902:French Calvinist and Reformed ministers
2463:List of Holocaust memorials and museums
1745:Timeline of deportations to death camps
733:
476:
427:
103:
54:
2444:Mémorial des Martyrs de la Déportation
1950:Vichy Holocaust collaboration timeline
1199:New York: Peter Lang Publishing, 2015.
1159:
1019:
1017:
984:
683:(2013). Meanwhile, Richard Unsworth's
320:Le Collège-Lycée Cévenol International
922:
920:
913:– via Academic Search Ultimate.
892:
890:
888:
886:
860:
858:
856:
854:
852:
850:
848:
846:
810:
808:
806:
804:
802:
800:
798:
791:– via Academic Search Ultimate.
762:
760:
758:
677:Vichy France: Old Guard and New Order
346:. Following the establishment of the
7:
2025:Police collaboration in Vichy France
751:from the original on 8 October 2010.
679:(1972) and in Patrick Henry's book,
671:issues are objectively addressed in
2451:Mémorial national de la déportation
1291:, Framington, PA: Plough Publishing
1288:Jesus and the Nonviolent Revolution
1181:, New York: Harper & Row,
1077:. American Foundation for the Blind
1052:. American Foundation for the Blind
1025:Jesus and the Nonviolent Revolution
869:. HarperCollins. pp. 112–118.
839:– via Atla Religion Database.
3917:French Righteous Among the Nations
218:. For 15 years, André served as a
25:
1258:, Syracuse University Press, 2012
997:Pacifism in the Twentieth Century
3856:
3855:
3234:
3222:
3210:
3198:
3186:
3174:
3162:
3150:
3138:
3126:
3114:
3102:
3090:
3078:
3066:
3054:
3042:
3030:
3018:
3006:
2994:
2971:
2935:
2923:
2911:
2886:
2874:
2849:
2837:
2825:
2798:
2775:
2763:
2751:
2739:
2727:
2715:
2703:
2668:
2655:
2642:
2629:
2616:
1416:Whosoever Saves a Single Life...
1396:Trippett, Frank (May 21, 1979),
1325:. US/France: Chambon Foundation.
615:convened to draft and adopt the
437:
64:
2548:World Constitutional Convention
2296:Marie-Claude Vaillant-Couturier
649:André was the second cousin of
1211:, Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans,
927:Sunshine, Glenn (2016-04-25).
1:
3545:(Righteous Among the Nations)
2506:Vichy anti-Jewish legislation
2496:History of the Jews in France
1740:Vichy anti-Jewish legislation
35:
3804:Provisional World Parliament
1884:Jeunesse Populaire Française
1848:Carl-Heinrich von Stülpnagel
956:Women Heroes of World War II
865:Moorehead, Caroline (2014).
369:Fellowship of Reconciliation
3688:Maurício Campos de Medeiros
3001:Ahmed Ebrahim Haroon Jaffer
2722:Francisco Orlich Bolmarcich
1990:Louis Darquier de Pellepoix
1930:Louis Darquier de Pellepoix
1124:Righteous among the nations
952:Atwood, Kathryn J. (2011).
655:Majdanek concentration camp
422:friends and collaborators.
395:Majdanek concentration camp
216:Righteous Among the Nations
3948:
3907:French Christian pacifists
3892:Christian clergy in France
3157:Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi
1327:Documentary. Aired in the
817:Harvard Theological Review
613:World Constituent Assembly
297:Union Theological Seminary
3838:
3061:Ezequiel Padilla Peñaloza
2558:
2471:
1472:
1350:Best, Elizabeth Kirkley,
1177:Hallie, Philip P (1979),
829:10.1017/S0017816010000659
382:Mais combien étaient-ils?
275:Saint-Quentin-en-Tourmont
273:André Trocmé was born in
3775:(teacher & pacifist)
3651:(scholar & pacifist)
3217:Pascoal Ranieri Mazzilli
1878:Parti Populaire Français
1319:Sauvage, Pierre (1989).
367:, the pacifist movement
239:French Protestant Church
3444:(Chemistry & Peace)
2010:Charles du Paty de Clam
1910:Anti-Jewish legislation
1619:French Riviera roundups
1466:The Holocaust in France
1384:"A French Town's Story"
722:Protestantism in France
717:List of peace activists
605:conscientious objectors
3683:(writer & scholar)
3592:David Alfaro Siqueiros
3542:André and Magda Trocmé
3524:Martin Luther King Jr.
3516:Human rights activists
3476:Edris Rice-Wray Carson
3361:Physiology or Medicine
3229:Patrick Wolrige-Gordon
3025:B. Satya Narayan Reddy
2805:Jaramogi Oginga Odinga
2481:Antisemitism in France
2401:André and Magda Trocmé
2206:Antoinette Feuerwerker
1985:Louis-Ferdinand Céline
1266:André and Magda Trocmé
1246:The Chambon Foundation
1229:, 1980 (translated as
1126:. 2013. Archived from
747:. Swarthmore College.
635:
588:
419:French internment camp
301:John D. Rockefeller Jr
270:
225:in the French town of
49:
41:
3378:Hermann Joseph Muller
3373:Dickinson W. Richards
3181:Komla Agbeli Gbedemah
2758:Léopold Sédar Senghor
2331:Le Chambon-sur-Lignon
1872:Devisenschutzkommando
1408:on September 30, 2007
1027:. Orbis Books, 2004.
662:Les Chemins d'une Vie
633:
595:, Europe. During the
583:
365:Congregational Church
268:
245:congregation to hide
227:Le Chambon-sur-Lignon
47:
33:
3584:Arthur Ernest Bishop
3368:Albert Szent-Györgyi
2734:José Figueres Ferrer
2437:Mémorial de la Shoah
2391:Jules-Géraud Saliège
2351:Pierre-Marie Gerlier
2336:Château de Chabannes
2073:Messaoud El Mediouni
1956:Révolution nationale
1297:A Good Place to Hide
1148:Volf & Bass 2001
1075:Helen Keller Archive
1050:Helen Keller Archive
415:Saint-Paul d'Eyjeaux
353:Nazi-occupied France
34:Pastor André Trocmé
3887:Calvinist pacifists
3755:(cultural theorist)
3404:Salvatore Quasimodo
3268:Dana McLean Greeley
2978:Cornelis Berkhouwer
2782:Otilio Ulate Blanco
2686:Head of governments
2458:Rivesaltes Memorial
1813:Hans-Dietrich Ernst
1702:Royallieu-Compiègne
1672:Natzweiler-Struthof
1364:Pastor André Trocmé
1170:Relevant literature
408:Deuteronomy 19:2–10
286:Studies in Theology
3912:French Protestants
3820:World constitution
3648:Hugh J. Schonfield
3608:Edward J. Sparling
3133:Irène de Lipkowski
3121:Inder Kumar Gujral
2770:Muhammad Ayub Khan
2396:Pierre-Marie Théas
1853:Carltheo Zeitschel
1823:Ernst Heinrichsohn
1388:The New York Times
1251:Richard Unsworth,
933:www.breakpoint.org
867:Village of Secrets
781:10.1111/pech.12070
769:Peace & Change
694:Village of Secrets
689:Caroline Moorehead
636:
609:world constitution
589:
464:Seven Laws of Noah
332:France was overrun
271:
235:Christian pacifist
91:Seven Laws of Noah
50:
42:
3869:
3868:
3784:
3776:
3768:
3756:
3748:
3740:
3732:
3724:
3716:
3708:
3700:
3692:
3684:
3676:
3668:
3660:
3652:
3644:
3636:
3628:
3620:
3612:
3604:
3596:
3588:
3546:
3496:Priyadaranjan Ray
3452:
3451:
3445:
3383:Macfarlane Burnet
3348:
3255:Religious leaders
3249:
3248:
3241:William Beveridge
3049:Diwan Chaman Lall
2950:
2949:
2514:
2513:
2371:Père Marie-Benoît
2211:David Feuerwerker
2168:Charlotte Salomon
2143:Sonia Olschanezky
2098:Maurice Halbwachs
1980:Robert Brasillach
1864:and organizations
1808:Theodor Dannecker
1652:Beaune-la-Rolande
1390:, 30 October 1999
1356:, Shoah education
1227:Les Cerfs-volants
1218:978-0-8028-4931-1
1195:Lambert, Carole.
876:978-0-06-220247-5
603:, to help French
578:
577:
431:Among the Nations
205:
204:
58:Among the Nations
16:(Redirected from
3939:
3897:Christian ethics
3859:
3858:
3830:World federalism
3825:World government
3782:
3774:
3762:
3754:
3746:
3738:
3730:
3728:Shigeri Yamataka
3722:
3714:
3712:Rameshwari Nehru
3706:
3698:
3690:
3682:
3674:
3666:
3658:
3650:
3642:
3635:(science editor)
3634:
3626:
3624:Gregorio Bermann
3618:
3610:
3602:
3600:E. M. L. Odjidja
3595:(Social realist)
3594:
3586:
3544:
3466:Charles C. Price
3443:
3399:Bertrand Russell
3346:
3344:Frederick Sanger
3303:
3283:Martin Niemöller
3239:
3238:
3227:
3226:
3215:
3214:
3203:
3202:
3191:
3190:
3179:
3178:
3167:
3166:
3155:
3154:
3143:
3142:
3131:
3130:
3119:
3118:
3107:
3106:
3095:
3094:
3083:
3082:
3071:
3070:
3059:
3058:
3047:
3046:
3037:Chiyo Sakakibara
3035:
3034:
3023:
3022:
3011:
3010:
2999:
2998:
2976:
2975:
2974:
2961:
2940:
2939:
2928:
2927:
2916:
2915:
2891:
2890:
2879:
2878:
2854:
2853:
2842:
2841:
2830:
2829:
2803:
2802:
2780:
2779:
2768:
2767:
2756:
2755:
2744:
2743:
2732:
2731:
2720:
2719:
2708:
2707:
2691:
2674:
2672:
2671:
2661:
2659:
2658:
2648:
2646:
2645:
2635:
2633:
2632:
2622:
2620:
2619:
2568:
2541:
2534:
2527:
2518:
2491:Battle of France
2477:
2417:
2386:Germaine Ribière
2244:
2201:Jean Elleinstein
2189:
2153:Béatrice Reinach
2138:Casimir Oberfeld
2133:Irène Némirovsky
2083:Benjamin Fondane
2036:
1756:
1728:
1604:Clermont-Ferrand
1459:
1452:
1445:
1436:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1409:
1404:, archived from
1398:"Good Neighbors"
1391:
1378:
1377:
1376:
1357:
1345:
1326:
1308:We Only Know Men
1292:
1280:
1279:
1278:
1259:
1221:
1210:
1191:
1163:
1157:
1151:
1145:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1135:
1116:
1110:
1109:
1107:
1106:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1082:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1058:
1057:
1042:
1036:
1021:
1012:
994:
988:
982:
976:
975:
959:
949:
943:
942:
940:
939:
924:
915:
914:
894:
881:
880:
862:
841:
840:
812:
793:
792:
764:
753:
752:
741:
570:
563:
556:
454:Rescuers of Jews
441:
425:
399:Georges Lamirand
197:
190:
183:
81:Rescuers of Jews
68:
52:
40:
37:
21:
3947:
3946:
3942:
3941:
3940:
3938:
3937:
3936:
3927:Married couples
3872:
3871:
3870:
3865:
3834:
3808:
3787:
3780:Toyohiko Kagawa
3744:Stanley Slotkin
3715:(social worker)
3572:
3554:
3528:
3510:
3506:Wilder Penfield
3491:Pitirim Sorokin
3448:
3429:
3408:
3387:
3356:
3332:
3298:Nobel laureates
3292:
3245:
3233:
3221:
3209:
3197:
3185:
3173:
3169:Kenzō Matsumura
3161:
3149:
3137:
3125:
3113:
3101:
3089:
3085:Hisato Ichimada
3077:
3065:
3053:
3041:
3029:
3017:
3005:
2993:
2982:
2972:
2970:
2946:
2934:
2922:
2910:
2897:
2885:
2873:
2860:
2848:
2836:
2824:
2817:Prime Ministers
2811:
2797:
2791:Vice-presidents
2786:
2774:
2762:
2750:
2738:
2726:
2714:
2702:
2680:
2669:
2667:
2656:
2654:
2643:
2641:
2630:
2628:
2617:
2615:
2602:
2562:
2554:
2545:
2515:
2510:
2501:Occupied France
2475:
2467:
2410:
2376:René de Naurois
2312:
2311:Righteous Among
2305:
2276:Denise Holstein
2242:
2235:
2182:
2173:Sascha Schapiro
2088:Otto Freundlich
2078:Jacques Feldbau
2029:
1966:
1940:Philippe Pétain
1920:François Darlan
1896:
1863:
1862:Nazi occupation
1857:
1768:Ernst Achenbach
1749:
1721:
1638:
1585:
1468:
1463:
1426:
1424:
1413:
1395:
1382:
1374:
1372:
1361:
1349:
1338:
1318:
1284:
1276:
1274:
1263:
1252:
1241:
1236:
1219:
1202:
1189:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1166:
1158:
1154:
1146:
1142:
1133:
1131:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1104:
1102:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1080:
1078:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1055:
1053:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1022:
1015:
995:
991:
983:
979:
972:
951:
950:
946:
937:
935:
926:
925:
918:
896:
895:
884:
877:
864:
863:
844:
814:
813:
796:
766:
765:
756:
743:
742:
735:
730:
713:
703:
628:
574:
430:
363:, the American
340:Charles Guillon
328:
288:
263:
201:
57:
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3945:
3943:
3935:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3874:
3873:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3863:
3853:
3839:
3836:
3835:
3833:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3816:
3814:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3806:
3801:
3795:
3793:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3785:
3777:
3769:
3757:
3749:
3741:
3733:
3725:
3717:
3709:
3701:
3696:Oscar Niemeyer
3693:
3685:
3680:Mark Van Doren
3677:
3669:
3661:
3659:(union leader)
3653:
3645:
3637:
3629:
3621:
3613:
3605:
3597:
3589:
3580:
3578:
3574:
3573:
3571:
3570:
3568:Hugh B. Hester
3564:
3562:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3552:
3550:Brock Chisholm
3547:
3538:
3536:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3526:
3520:
3518:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3481:Harlow Shapley
3478:
3473:
3468:
3462:
3460:
3454:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3446:
3437:
3435:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3427:
3425:Joseph Rotblat
3422:
3416:
3414:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3406:
3401:
3395:
3393:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3364:
3362:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3354:
3349:
3340:
3338:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3313:Alfred Kastler
3309:
3307:
3300:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3273:George MacLeod
3270:
3265:
3259:
3257:
3251:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3243:
3231:
3219:
3207:
3195:
3183:
3171:
3159:
3147:
3135:
3123:
3111:
3099:
3087:
3075:
3063:
3051:
3039:
3027:
3015:
3003:
2990:
2988:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2980:
2967:
2965:
2958:
2952:
2951:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2944:
2932:
2920:
2907:
2905:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2883:
2870:
2868:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2858:
2856:Tetsu Katayama
2846:
2834:
2832:Clement Attlee
2821:
2819:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2794:
2792:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2784:
2772:
2760:
2748:
2746:Julius Nyerere
2736:
2724:
2712:
2699:
2697:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2678:
2665:
2652:
2639:
2626:
2612:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2600:
2595:
2593:Margaret Isely
2590:
2585:
2580:
2574:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2546:
2544:
2543:
2536:
2529:
2521:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2447:
2440:
2433:
2428:
2420:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2317:
2315:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2271:Nadine Heftler
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2247:
2245:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2192:
2190:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2123:Hélène Metzger
2120:
2118:Georges Mandel
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2039:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1976:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1925:Joseph Darnand
1922:
1917:
1912:
1906:
1904:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1887:
1880:
1875:
1867:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1828:Helmut Knochen
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1793:Karl Bömelburg
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1759:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1731:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1648:
1646:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1595:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1464:
1462:
1461:
1454:
1447:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1411:
1393:
1380:
1359:
1347:
1336:
1316:
1305:
1294:
1282:
1261:
1249:
1240:
1239:External links
1237:
1235:
1234:
1223:
1217:
1200:
1193:
1187:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1152:
1150:, p. 158.
1140:
1111:
1087:
1062:
1037:
1035:(pp. ix–xvii).
1013:
989:
987:, p. 103.
977:
970:
944:
916:
882:
875:
842:
823:(3): 309–328.
794:
754:
732:
731:
729:
726:
725:
724:
719:
712:
709:
708:
707:
702:
699:
627:
624:
576:
575:
573:
572:
565:
558:
550:
547:
546:
545:
544:
539:
534:
529:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:
481:
480:
474:
473:
472:
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
443:
442:
434:
433:
361:Salvation Army
344:Final Solution
327:
324:
287:
284:
262:
259:
249:refugees from
203:
202:
200:
199:
192:
185:
177:
174:
173:
172:
171:
166:
161:
156:
146:
141:
136:
131:
126:
121:
116:
108:
107:
101:
100:
99:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
70:
69:
61:
60:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3944:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3879:
3877:
3862:
3854:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3844:
3841:
3840:
3837:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3811:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3796:
3794:
3790:
3781:
3778:
3773:
3770:
3766:
3761:
3760:Tamaki Uemura
3758:
3753:
3750:
3747:(businessman)
3745:
3742:
3739:(theosophist)
3737:
3734:
3729:
3726:
3721:
3720:Satish Gujral
3718:
3713:
3710:
3705:
3702:
3697:
3694:
3689:
3686:
3681:
3678:
3673:
3670:
3665:
3662:
3657:
3654:
3649:
3646:
3641:
3640:Henri Laugier
3638:
3633:
3630:
3625:
3622:
3617:
3614:
3609:
3606:
3601:
3598:
3593:
3590:
3585:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3577:Varied Fields
3575:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3561:
3557:
3551:
3548:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3535:
3534:Humanitarians
3531:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3517:
3513:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3471:Edward Condon
3469:
3467:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3459:
3455:
3442:
3441:Linus Pauling
3439:
3438:
3436:
3432:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3420:John Boyd Orr
3418:
3417:
3415:
3411:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3390:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3359:
3353:
3350:
3345:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3335:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3323:Hideki Yukawa
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3295:
3289:
3288:Michael Scott
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3256:
3252:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3110:
3109:Ichirō Kiyose
3105:
3100:
3098:
3097:Henry Usborne
3093:
3088:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3014:
3009:
3004:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2985:
2979:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2964:International
2962:
2959:
2957:
2953:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2931:
2930:Setsuo Yamada
2926:
2921:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2904:
2900:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2882:
2881:Culbert Olson
2877:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2867:
2863:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2845:
2844:Milton Margai
2840:
2835:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2814:
2808:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2789:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2683:
2677:
2666:
2664:
2653:
2651:
2640:
2638:
2627:
2625:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2605:
2599:
2598:Georgia Lloyd
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2567:
2566:
2561:
2560:
2557:
2552:
2549:
2542:
2537:
2535:
2530:
2528:
2523:
2522:
2519:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2474:
2473:
2470:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2448:
2446:
2445:
2441:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2426:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2413:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2381:Paul Ramadier
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2356:Justin Godart
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2341:Jacques Ellul
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2321:Albert Bedane
2319:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2308:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2291:André Rogerie
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2266:Henry Bulawko
2264:
2262:
2261:Henri Borlant
2259:
2257:
2256:Joseph Bialot
2254:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2238:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2196:Guy Deutscher
2194:
2193:
2191:
2185:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2158:Claude Rodier
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2128:Bernard Natan
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2113:Bereck Kofman
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2093:Salomon Gluck
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2068:Marianne Cohn
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2043:Henri Abraham
2041:
2040:
2038:
2032:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2020:Xavier Vallat
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2005:Maurice Papon
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1972:Collaborators
1969:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1915:René Bousquet
1913:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1899:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1860:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1818:Herbert Hagen
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1803:Alois Brunner
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1752:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1727:Documentation
1724:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1641:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1588:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1477:The Holocaust
1475:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1460:
1455:
1453:
1448:
1446:
1441:
1440:
1437:
1423:on 2013-10-26
1422:
1418:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1371:on 2011-07-23
1370:
1366:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1354:
1348:
1343:
1342:
1341:Trocmé, André
1337:
1334:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1317:
1314:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1298:
1295:
1290:
1289:
1283:
1273:on 2010-10-08
1272:
1268:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1256:
1250:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1214:
1209:
1208:
1201:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1188:0-06-011701-X
1184:
1180:
1175:
1174:
1169:
1162:, p. 85.
1161:
1156:
1153:
1149:
1144:
1141:
1130:on 2015-11-20
1129:
1125:
1121:
1115:
1112:
1101:
1097:
1091:
1088:
1076:
1072:
1066:
1063:
1051:
1047:
1041:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1009:0-8156-8125-9
1006:
1002:
998:
993:
990:
986:
981:
978:
973:
971:9781556529610
967:
963:
958:
957:
948:
945:
934:
930:
923:
921:
917:
912:
908:
904:
900:
893:
891:
889:
887:
883:
878:
872:
868:
861:
859:
857:
855:
853:
851:
849:
847:
843:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
811:
809:
807:
805:
803:
801:
799:
795:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
763:
761:
759:
755:
750:
746:
740:
738:
734:
727:
723:
720:
718:
715:
714:
710:
705:
704:
700:
698:
696:
695:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
673:Robert Paxton
668:
665:
663:
658:
656:
652:
651:Daniel Trocmé
647:
645:
641:
632:
625:
623:
620:
618:
614:
611:. In 1968, a
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
587:
582:
571:
566:
564:
559:
557:
552:
551:
549:
548:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
527:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
484:
483:
482:
479:
475:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
459:Righteousness
457:
455:
452:
450:
449:The Holocaust
447:
446:
445:
444:
440:
436:
435:
432:
426:
423:
420:
416:
411:
409:
404:
400:
396:
392:
391:Daniel Trocmé
386:
383:
377:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
325:
323:
321:
316:
313:
308:
304:
302:
298:
294:
285:
283:
279:
276:
267:
260:
258:
256:
252:
251:the Holocaust
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
221:
217:
213:
209:
198:
193:
191:
186:
184:
179:
178:
176:
175:
170:
167:
165:
162:
160:
157:
154:
150:
147:
145:
142:
140:
137:
135:
132:
130:
127:
125:
122:
120:
117:
115:
112:
111:
110:
109:
106:
102:
97:
94:
92:
89:
87:
86:Righteousness
84:
82:
79:
77:
76:The Holocaust
74:
73:
72:
71:
67:
63:
62:
59:
53:
46:
32:
19:
3736:Sophia Wadia
3672:Lloyd Morain
3616:Erich Kahler
3541:
3318:C. F. Powell
3278:John Collins
3193:Lewis Silkin
3073:Gerhard Jahn
3013:Akira Kazami
2942:Shinzo Hamai
2663:Sierra Leone
2588:Philip Isely
2563:
2449:
2442:
2435:
2423:
2400:
2361:Père Jacques
2326:Marc Boegner
2286:Sarah Kofman
2251:Louise Alcan
2231:Rose Warfman
2148:Victor Perez
2103:Paul Hermann
2048:Victor Basch
2015:Paul Touvier
1962:Vichy Police
1954:
1945:André Tulard
1935:Pierre Laval
1902:Vichy France
1889:
1882:
1870:
1838:Kurt Lischka
1833:Josef Kramer
1798:Heinz Röthke
1778:Klaus Barbie
1773:Horst Ahnert
1755:Perpetrators
1634:Villeurbanne
1599:Green ticket
1479:by country:
1425:, retrieved
1421:the original
1415:
1406:the original
1401:
1387:
1373:, retrieved
1369:the original
1363:
1352:
1344:, Yad Vashem
1340:
1321:
1307:
1296:
1287:
1275:, retrieved
1271:the original
1265:
1254:
1245:
1230:
1226:
1225:Romain Gary
1206:
1196:
1178:
1155:
1143:
1132:. Retrieved
1128:the original
1123:
1114:
1103:. Retrieved
1099:
1090:
1079:. Retrieved
1074:
1065:
1054:. Retrieved
1049:
1040:
1024:
996:
992:
980:
955:
947:
936:. Retrieved
932:
905:(3): 91–95.
902:
898:
866:
820:
816:
772:
768:
692:
684:
680:
676:
669:
666:
661:
659:
648:
637:
621:
597:Algerian War
590:
412:
387:
381:
378:
348:Vichy France
336:Nazi Germany
329:
326:World War II
317:
309:
305:
289:
280:
272:
255:World War II
211:
208:André Trocmé
207:
206:
48:Magda Trocmé
18:André Trocmé
3752:Stuart Hall
3707:(economist)
3704:Ōuchi Hyōei
3699:(architect)
3632:Gerard Piel
3501:René Dumont
3263:Abbé Pierre
3205:N. G. Ranga
3145:John Foster
2956:Politicians
2893:Hiroo Ōhara
2710:Edgar Faure
2553:signatories
2486:Armée Juive
2366:Henri Manen
2313:the Nations
2301:Léon Zyguel
2226:Simone Veil
2221:Léon Schwab
2216:David Olère
2178:David Vogel
2063:Kadmi Cohen
2053:Hélène Berr
1995:René Gérard
1788:Kurt Blanke
1783:Werner Best
1697:Romainville
1551:Netherlands
1160:Hallie 1979
1001:Peter Brock
985:Hallie 1979
775:: 276–278.
39: 1941
3876:Categories
3783:(pacifist)
3772:Tano Jōdai
3767:executive)
3731:(feminist)
3675:(humanist)
3627:(humanist)
3611:(educator)
3587:(inventor)
3486:Jean Orcel
3458:Scientists
3392:Literature
2918:E.C. Quaye
2695:Presidents
2624:Costa Rica
2583:Thane Read
2406:Varian Fry
2346:Mary Elmes
2281:René Kapel
1843:Carl Oberg
1763:Otto Abetz
1707:Rivesaltes
1682:Pithiviers
1629:Vel' d'Hiv
1546:Luxembourg
1427:2006-01-01
1375:2008-06-20
1353:Le Chambon
1277:2008-07-06
1134:2013-04-15
1105:2023-07-15
1081:2023-07-03
1056:2023-07-01
1033:1570755388
938:2023-04-25
728:References
644:Nieuwlande
640:Yad Vashem
601:Mennonites
512:Lithuanian
478:By country
469:Yad Vashem
261:Early life
220:Protestant
139:Lithuanian
105:By country
96:Yad Vashem
3922:Huguenots
3691:(teacher)
3664:Kay Boyle
3656:Kaoru Ōta
3643:(scholar)
3619:(scholar)
3603:(teacher)
3352:Otto Hahn
3337:Chemistry
2866:Governors
2608:Countries
2416:Memorials
2243:testimony
2188:Survivors
2163:Alma Rosé
2108:Max Jacob
2058:René Blum
2000:Jean Mamy
1712:Septfonds
1687:Récébédou
1614:Marseille
1541:Lithuania
1231:The Kites
911:0882-8539
837:0017-8160
789:0149-0508
646:in 1988.
542:Ukrainian
517:Norwegian
507:Hungarian
429:Righteous
403:gendarmes
169:Ukrainian
144:Norwegian
134:Hungarian
56:Righteous
3861:Category
3842:Source:
3723:(artist)
3667:(writer)
3560:Veterans
3434:Multiple
3328:Max Born
2987:National
2676:Tanzania
2637:Pakistan
2476:See also
1692:Rieucros
1676:subcamps
1591:Roundups
1501:Bulgaria
1011:(p. 220)
749:Archived
711:See also
532:Romanian
492:Croatian
487:Austrian
312:Maubeuge
243:Huguenot
159:Romanian
119:Croatian
114:Austrian
3792:Related
3347:(twice)
3306:Physics
2650:Senegal
2453:
2241:Witness
2035:Victims
1581:Ukraine
1566:Romania
1521:Hungary
1511:Estonia
1506:Croatia
1496:Belgium
1491:Belarus
1486:Austria
1481:Albania
1331:by the
1233:, 2017)
537:Serbian
397:. When
357:Quakers
253:during
164:Serbian
2903:Mayors
2673:
2660:
2647:
2634:
2621:
1891:Milice
1717:Vernet
1667:Milles
1657:Drancy
1576:Serbia
1571:Russia
1561:Poland
1556:Norway
1531:Latvia
1516:France
1215:
1185:
1031:
1007:
968:
909:
873:
835:
787:
701:Quotes
626:Legacy
522:Polish
502:German
373:Cimade
359:, the
247:Jewish
231:France
223:pastor
149:Polish
129:German
3813:Other
3413:Peace
1644:Camps
1609:Izieu
1536:Libya
1526:Italy
999:, by
497:Czech
330:When
212:Magda
124:Czech
3765:YWCA
2551:call
1662:Gurs
1624:Lyon
1402:Time
1213:ISBN
1183:ISBN
1029:ISBN
1005:ISBN
966:ISBN
907:ISSN
871:ISBN
833:ISSN
785:ISSN
526:list
417:, a
153:list
1333:PBS
825:doi
821:103
777:doi
691:'s
675:'s
334:by
3878::
3848:,
3845:,
1400:,
1386:,
1329:US
1122:.
1098:.
1073:.
1048:.
1016:^
964:.
962:83
931:.
919:^
903:24
901:.
885:^
845:^
831:.
819:.
797:^
783:.
773:39
771:.
757:^
736:^
619:.
257:.
36:c.
3763:(
2540:e
2533:t
2526:v
1678:)
1674:(
1458:e
1451:t
1444:v
1431:.
1410:.
1392:.
1379:.
1358:.
1346:.
1335:.
1315:)
1304:)
1293:.
1281:.
1260:.
1222:.
1192:.
1137:.
1108:.
1084:.
1059:.
974:.
941:.
879:.
827::
779::
569:e
562:t
555:v
528:)
524:(
196:e
189:t
182:v
155:)
151:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
