22:
341:'s writing about the Siren: "Two fins only on all the body, those on the chest. No finned tail. Head and neck and chest to the umbilicus have the human appearance. ... Our or Bartholin's Siren was found and captured in the sea near Massilia in America. From the umbilicus to the extremity of the body was unformed flesh with no sign of a tail. Two pectoral fins on the chest, with five bones or fingers, staying together, by which it swims. Its
176:: Linnaeus wrote "Pelican: The same hand down fabulously that it inflicts a wound with its beak on its own thigh, to feed its young with the flowing blood. A sack hanging below its throat gave a handle for the story." This source writes: "Linnaeus thought might reflect the over-fervent imaginations of New World explorers." This claim is incorrect; pelicans are widespread in Europe and Linnaeus was merely doubting the legendary behavior.
135:
stage; it was thus (incorrectly) reported to
Linnaeus that the metamorphosis in this species went from 'frog to fish'. In the Paradoxa in the 1st edition of Systema Naturae, Linnaeus wrote "Frog-Fish or Frog Changing into Fish: is much against teaching. Frogs, like all Amphibia, delight in lungs and
500:
I have come to these conclusions by personally leading my pupils on wanderings through the tangled web of nature, in order that I can spur others on to an examination and explanation of nature rather than the reiteration of perceived ideas ... I shall take exception to the tales of actors and the
116:
of St.John chapters 12 and 13. And it is provided by very many as a true species of animal, but falsely. Nature for itself and always the similar, never naturally makes multiple heads on one body. Fraud and artifice, as we ourselves saw teeth of a weasel, different from teeth of an
Amphibian ,
136:
spiny bones. Spiny fish, instead of lungs, are equipped with gills. Therefore the laws of Nature will be against this change. If indeed a fish is equipped with gills, it will be separate from the Frog and
Amphibia. If truly lungs, it will be a Lizard: for under all the sky it differs from
349:, who could examine this animal, as to whether it is a fable, or a true fish? About something which has not been seen it is preferable not to judge, than boldly to pronounce something.". Among references and quotations from other authors Artedi quoted that "some say that it is a
217:: Linnaeus wrote: "Species of bird, of which only one individual exists in the world, and which when decrepit from pyre made of aromatic is said fabulously to become again young, to undergo happy former periods of life. In reality it is the
200:; and the same is said to be provided with blood from by chance devouring wild animals. But it is put together artificially from roots of American ferns. But naturally it is an
860:
850:
377:
Caroli Linnæi medic. & botan. in acad. Upsaliensi professoris ... Systema naturæ: In quo proponuntur naturæ regna tria secundum classes, ordines, genera & species
855:
840:
632:
Carl
Linnaeus, Systema naturae (1735; facsimile of the first edition), trans. M. S. J. Engel-Ledeboer and H. Engel (Nieuwkoop, Netherlands: B. de Graaf, 1964), 30. via
845:
162:(unicorn): Linnaeus wrote: "Monoceros of the older , body of a horse, feet of a "wild animal", horn straight, long, spirally twisted. It is a figment of painters. The
825:
815:
575:
934:
865:
835:
877:
870:
830:
182:: Linnaeus wrote "with a tail, hairy, bearded, with a manlike body, gesticulating much, very fallacious, is a species of monkey, if ever one has been seen."
820:
487:
311:: Linnaeus wrote merely: "Face of a man, breasts of a virgin, body of a four-footed animal scaled, forefeet of a "wild animal", hind of cattle".
784:
929:
661:
83:
and some animals reported by explorers from abroad and explains why they are excluded from
Systema Naturae. According to Swedish historian
633:
211:, as has all attributed data.". This source says: "Linnaeus had seen a faked vegetable lamb taken from China to Sweden by a traveler."
919:
417:
238:
goose & Goose-bearing
Seashell: is believed by former generations to be born from rotten wood thrown away in the sea. But the
108:: Linnaeus wrote: "Hydra: body of a snake, with two feet, seven necks and the same number of heads, lacking wings, preserved in
893:
807:
242:
places seaweed on its featherlike internal parts, and somewhat adhering, as if indeed that goose
Bernicla was arising from it.
409:
286:
The above 10 taxa and the 4 taxa following were in the 2nd (1740) edition and the 4th and 5th editions (total 14 entries):
750:
403:
777:
332:: As long as it is not seen either living or dead, nor faithfully and perfectly described, it is called in doubt".
185:
939:
653:
704:
Systema naturae in quo naturae regna tria: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, systematice proponuntur
523:
924:
514:
243:
305:]: Linnaeus wrote merely: "Face of a "wild animal", feet of cattle, horns like a goat's saw-edged".
770:
484:
196:
Lamb: is reckoned with plants, and is similar to a lamb; whose stalk coming out of the ground enters an
293:: Linnaeus wrote merely: "face of a decrepit old man, body of a lion, tail starred with sharp points".
584:
448:
495:
21:
567:
247:
214:
566:
Dobson, Andy; Lafferty, Kevin D.; Kuris, Armand M.; Hechinger, Ryan F. & Jetz, Walter (2008).
702:
548:
540:
474:
275:
223:
76:
57:) are the mythical, magical or otherwise suspect animals mentioned in the first five editions of
657:
645:
612:
466:
413:
314:
308:
725:
602:
592:
532:
456:
439:
328:
278:
Linnaeus wrote "Death-watch: It produces the sound of a very small clock in walls, is named
256:: Linnaeus wrote that it has a "snakelike body, two feet, two wings, like a bat, which is a
146:
128:
794:
491:
137:
65:
588:
452:
745:
741:
607:
399:
231:
105:
84:
345:
in the forearm is scarcely four fingers' width long. Oh that there could arise a true
913:
799:
346:
342:
269:
258:
179:
122:
118:
58:
552:
478:
762:
338:
319:
167:
678:
375:
170:
has the same manner of horn, but the other parts of its body are very different."
87:, it was to offer a natural explanation and demystify the world of superstition.
264:
201:
91:
was dropped from
Linnaeus' classification system as of the 6th edition (1748).
113:
597:
290:
218:
159:
616:
470:
16:
Mythical, magical or otherwise suspect animals mentioned in
Systema Naturae
296:
235:
141:
80:
544:
350:
193:
189:
173:
163:
152:
132:
109:
54:
144:." In the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, Linnaeus named the species
253:
206:
650:
The Feejee
Mermaid and Other Essays in Natural and Unnatural History
461:
434:
536:
322:
239:
197:
47:
20:
131:: a South American frog which is significantly smaller than its
766:
301:
568:"Homage to Linnaeus: How many parasites? How many hosts?"
494:. Linnaeus remarked in edition 6 (as translated) as at
683:. S. Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington. p. 168
268:
artificially shaped as a monster and dried." See also
886:
806:
112:, similar to the description of the Hydra of the
101:These 10 taxa appear in the 1st to 5th editions:
398:Tore Frängsmyr; Sten Lindroth; Gunnar Eriksson;
380:. Sumptibus Michaelis-Antonii David. p. 102
121:. (Distinguish from the small real coelenterate
576:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
150:, though its genus name was changed in 1830 to
778:
8:
63:
39:
785:
771:
763:
606:
596:
460:
282:, which perforates wood and lives in it".
628:
626:
366:
250:with our ancestors in the Middle Ages."
935:Medieval European legendary creatures
353:and others say completely different."
7:
501:barkings of dogs with equal measure.
192:Lamb): Linnaeus wrote: "Borometz or
14:
707:. Apud G. Kiesewetter. p. 66
246:noted: " barnacle-goose tree was
751:Tijdschrift voor Skandinavistiek
410:University of California Press
405:Linnaeus, the man and his work
25:Table of the Animal Kingdom ("
1:
50:for "contradictory animals";
930:European legendary creatures
408:. Berkeley and Los Angeles:
337:Linnaeus's reference is to
29:") from the 1st edition of
956:
920:Biological classification
726:Philosophia Ichthyologica
583:(Suppl. 1): 11482–11489.
654:Cornell University Press
646:"Spontaneous generation"
248:a great article of faith
598:10.1073/pnas.0803232105
524:The American Naturalist
519:, the paradoxical frog"
119:Carl Linnaeus#Doctorate
701:von Linné, C. (1740).
374:von Linné, C. (1744).
244:Frederick Edward Hulme
117:easily detected." See
64:
40:
34:
644:Jan Bondeson (1999).
513:S. W. Garman (1877).
433:Sandra Knapp (2002).
280:Pediculus pulsatorius
24:
724:Peter Artedi, 1738,
677:Hulme, F.E. (1886).
656:. pp. 193–249.
412:. pp. 176–177.
230:Linnaeus wrote: The
758:(1): (29)36–37(43).
589:2008PNAS..10511482D
453:2002Natur.415..479K
317:: Linnaeus wrote: "
81:medieval bestiaries
77:fantastic creatures
746:"The Dragonslayer"
490:2012-11-04 at the
483:Also available on
435:"Fact and fantasy"
204:description of an
71:under the header "
35:
907:
906:
899:Animalia Paradoxa
663:978-0-8014-3609-3
41:Animalia Paradoxa
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69:
61:'s seminal work
43:
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940:Systema Naturae
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531:(10): 587–591.
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492:Wayback Machine
462:10.1038/415479a
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427:
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138:Chondropterygii
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66:Systema Naturae
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742:Gunnar Broberg
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735:External links
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537:10.1086/271961
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85:Gunnar Broberg
31:Systema Naturæ
27:Regnum Animale
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925:Cryptozoology
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800:Carl Linnaeus
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447:(6871): 479.
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419:0-7112-1841-2
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347:ichthyologist
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276:Automa Mortis
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271:
270:Jenny Haniver
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259:winged lizard
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147:Rana paradoxa
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123:Hydra (genus)
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59:Carl Linnaeus
56:
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42:
32:
28:
23:
19:
898:
894:12th edition
808:10th edition
793:
755:
749:
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709:. Retrieved
703:
696:
685:. Retrieved
679:
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580:
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404:
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382:. Retrieved
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339:Peter Artedi
327:
318:
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285:
279:
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222:
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100:
95:
88:
75:". It lists
72:
62:
51:
38:
37:
36:
30:
26:
18:
861:Hymenoptera
851:Lepidoptera
202:allegorical
129:Rana-Piscis
914:Categories
856:Neuroptera
841:Coleoptera
711:2015-04-05
687:2015-04-05
384:2015-04-05
362:References
326:81 Syrene
299: [
209:of a sheep
114:Apocalypse
846:Hemiptera
680:Myth-land
496:this link
291:Manticora
219:date palm
198:umbilicus
174:Pelecanus
160:Monoceros
79:found in
887:See also
826:Amphibia
816:Mammalia
744:(2008).
728:, p. 81.
617:18695218
553:86511142
488:Archived
479:44480097
471:11823837
402:(1983).
297:Antilope
236:Scottish
232:Bernicla
194:Scythian
190:Scythian
186:Borometz
142:Plagiuri
96:Paradoxa
89:Paradoxa
73:Paradoxa
866:Diptera
836:Insecta
608:2556407
585:Bibcode
545:2447862
517:Pseudis
449:Bibcode
351:manatee
215:Phoenix
180:Satyrus
164:Monodon
153:Pseudis
133:tadpole
110:Hamburg
55:paradox
878:Vermes
871:Aptera
831:Pisces
660:
615:
605:
551:
543:
485:Scribd
477:
469:
440:Nature
416:
343:radius
329:Bartol
221:, see
207:embryo
168:Artedi
33:(1735)
571:(PDF)
549:S2CID
541:JSTOR
475:S2CID
315:Siren
309:Lamia
262:or a
254:Draco
240:Lepas
224:Kæmpf
188:(aka
106:Hydra
48:Latin
821:Aves
658:ISBN
613:PMID
467:PMID
414:ISBN
323:gen.
320:Art.
140:and
798:by
603:PMC
593:doi
581:105
533:doi
498:: "
457:doi
445:415
302:sic
265:ray
234:or
166:of
52:cf.
916::
756:29
754:.
748:.
652:.
648:.
625:^
611:.
601:.
591:.
579:.
573:.
547:.
539:.
529:11
527:.
521:.
503:".
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437:.
227:".
125:.)
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666:.
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515:"
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272:.
156:.
46:(
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