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intended to have the people to take part in agricultural activities, mainly prisoners and peasants, with all products going to the imperial court; it was first implemented by Lê Đại Hành in 987. Meanwhile, distributive land was distributed to mandarins for the benefiting and contributing to the country or to princes as an accommodation. It was not private property and was returned to the imperial court when the landowner died. Religious land was set aside for the practices of
Buddhist monks; private land was owned and sold freely between individuals without government interference. Besides that, the government encouraged subjects to exploit wild and untouched land by settling it, providing property at a lower cost while simultaneously expanding its influence in unsettled regions. Peasants shared the land equally and cultivate it, regularly paying taxes to the government for the government's budget.
1870:, Lê Hoàn viewed him as the favourable to become the next emperor, but imperial court mandarins suggested him not to do it because they viewed other candidates as more viable. Lê Hoàn followed the advice and chose his older brother Lê Long Việt, the duke of Nam Phong. In 1005, Lê Hoàn died after reigning for 24 years at Trường Xuân Palace. After the death, there was a succession dispute between the princes Lê Long Đĩnh, Lê Long Tích, and Lê Long Kính and crown prince Lê Long Việt, preventing a government to take control over the entire country for eight months. In the winter of 1005, Lê Long Tích was defeated by crown prince Lê Long Việt. He fled to Thạch Hà province, now
1941:, and the burning of live victims, all of which he perceived as entertainment. Although Buddhism played a key role in his life and politics, the emperor often used Buddhist monks for so-called entertainment such as by exfoliating sugar canes atop a monk's head until it began to bleed. Employing many corrupt or otherwise incompetent officials into important court positions only further encouraged these tendencies of the emperor. As a result of the emperor's poor health, according to some sources, most power was actually controlled by one of the members of the Lý family
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killing the Cham king at the battlefield. Then he sacked the capital of Cham and captured a hundred soldiers and concubines along with one Indian monk, taking home precious goods such as gold and silver. Moreover, he burned the fortresses and tombs of former Champa kings. In 992, the Champa king
Harivarman II sent an envoy to Đại Cồ Việt to ask for the release of 360 prisoners back to the homeland.
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1945:. High resentment from the public and the imperial court culminated for a long period preceding Lê Long Đĩnh's death. After Lê Long Đĩnh died the court agreed to enthrone the high-rank mandarin and aristocrat Lý Công Uẩn as the new emperor under pressure from the public and from the Buddhist monks, thus ending the Early Lê Dynasty. In its place, the
2020:, which refused him in order to maintain a friendly relationship with Đại Cồ Việt. Lê Đại Hành led an army to defeat and kill Lộc along with a general massacre of citizens in those two provinces. This, however, is only an example of rebellion: there were more than ten rebellions against the imperial court during a reign of five years.
1810:, were successful at halting the overland advance of the Song forces, although they incurred some losses. Seeking peace, Lê Đại Hành sent emissaries to negotiate for peace; thus the annual show of homage and offerings to the Celestial Emperor of China were resumed as a means to appease the Song dynasty.
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The emperors were focused on an open new trade route through roads and waterways. Records report that such infrastructure projects were undertaken mainly in the years 983, 1003, and 1009. The main trade partner of Đại Cồ Việt was China, and both sides agreed to establish bilateral exchanging of goods
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Despite his supposed achievements in diplomacy, religion, infrastructure, and the economy, Lê Long Đĩnh's rule was characterized by debaucheries, wild orgies, and decadence according to ancient sources, although modern historians have dismissed these stories as legend, while other historians compare
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Some domestic achievements of Lê Đại Hành include constructing new monuments and galvanizing agricultural and handicraft production in order to make economic progress. Many spiritual etiquettes were developed, and Lê Đại Hành's government was the model for that of the succeeding dynasty. Lê Đại Hành
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with a gentle and friendly policy. The emperor gave full support for
Buddhism and sought Chinese Buddhist canon and scripture for practice in Vietnam. He also supervised the national economy and began the construction of bridges, roads, and other infrastructure for easy transportation of people and
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The Early Lê dynasty imposed taxation based on land property. Taxes included a public benefit tax, which was ten days' worth of labor for public projects; a household tax on property paid annually; and a military tax added to the household tax specifically for military operations, including public
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The relation of Đại Cồ Việt in the north and Champa in the south was regarded as hostile. In 981, Lê Đại Hành sent an envoy to Champa, who was captured by them. The diplomatic incident sparked a war between the two countries. In 982, Lê Hoàn victoriously took part in the campaign against Champa,
2067:
Agriculture was the fundamental element of the economy of Đại Cồ Việt during the Early Lê dynasty. Most of the land of villages was under the control of the imperial court and owned by it by law. Land was given one of four types. The emperor's land was cultivated with a spiritual significance,
1779:
about enthroning the most trusted general and regent, Lê Hoàn. Most of them voted in the affirmative to the plan; consequently, the empress dethroned her own son and gave the crown to Lê Hoàn. He accepted the emperorship, establishing a new dynasty named the Early Lê dynasty. Lê Hoàn is often
2007:
In the ruling era, Lê emperors often faced the revolts of some local Tribal chief and viceroy, especially in remote areas, retaining the specific authorization to quell them. In 980, Lê Đại Hành ordered Dương Tiến Lộc to collect taxes from Hoan and Ái province, now
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at the south of his realm. Then he ordered the dredging of the Đa Cái canal in 1003. In 1009, the country started the massive construction of transportation infrastructure for trading among the regions and to facilitate travel for soldiers heading south.
1982:
as imperial capital interior military commander, in
Vietnamese Nha nội đô chỉ huy sứ. A major reform, however, was the distribution of specific duties and powers to each mandarin in contrast to the Đinh dynasty's centralizing all power to the emperor.
2085:
at borders. Some local high officials supported commercial activity among local parties. A delegation of Đại Cồ Việt acted as a government arbitrator in trade disputes. Some typical exports of
Vietnam were gold, silver, and bronze products.
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and torture of not only many types of criminals but also his own relatives, with him only promoting and partaking in these infamous acts. According to these stories, his favorite execution and torturing methods were immersion,
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There are not much sources describing the culture under Early Lê dynasty. However, it is known that
Buddhism was the most widespread religion, affecting the flourishing of Buddhism in China's
1915:
The emperor was famous for suffering from hemorrhoids, which made him unable to sit on the throne and instead forced him to lie on his throne. His famous lying sessions earned him the name
2059:
dynasties of China, only collecting goods and not money. Simultaneously, the government implementing trade-promoting policies by not taxing the property of traders except for land owned.
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ordered a
Chinese army to invade Đại Cồ Việt. Because the young emperor was unable to lead the country against the invader, the mandarins of the imperial court discussed with Empress
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of the Song during the Early Lê dynasty, maintaining a delicate balance of peace with China and independence. Lê emperors, however, were sometimes threatened by the nomadic
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as the crown prince in the early years of his rule. Thâu died in 1000, and Lê Hoàn was forced to choose another crown prince. The fifth prince Duke of Khai Minh,
2257:
Dar, Ku Boon (2019). "The
Tributary Relations between China's Song Dynasty and Vietnam's Dinh, Le and Ly Dynasties: Effects on Their Political Sustainability".
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and
General Đinh Điền, led an army to the imperial palace in an attempted coup. The failure of the undertaking caused those two to be executed. In 980, the
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Lê Long Đĩnh mustered large military forces, defeating the other princes. After stabilizing his rule through war, he enhanced foreign relations with the
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After victory over Champa in 983, Lê Đại Hành merged the seized territory into the country and started to build more roads from the south estuary to
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died in 1005 at the age of 65 and after 25 years of rule. In his will, Lê Đại Hành gave the throne to his youngest son, Lê Long Việt.
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ushered in a new age for
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in 981, the Song emperor accepted Lê Hoàn as the ruler of Đại Cồ Việt but just regarded him as the
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but was assassinated after ruling for three days by Lê Long Đĩnh, who replaced him as emperor.
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commodities, especially water. In 1009, he established the exchange of goods and products in
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3747:(in Vietnamese) (Nội các quan bản ed.), Hanoi: Social Science Publishing House
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throughout his reign, meaning "the one who rules while lying on the throne."
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The Early Lê dynasty retained the traditional government form of the
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was sacked by the Vietnamese. The new king of Champa agreed to be a
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as he was well known for his cruelties, not the least of which was
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security at home. The taxation on property was borrowed from the
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province today) and be able to defeated all of them. Champa king
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Trương Hữu Quýnh, Đinh Xuân Lâm, Lê Mậu Hãn, sách đã dẫn, tr 112
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Sejarah: Journal of the History Department, University of Malaya
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Emperor Taizong of Song dispatched army to invade Đại Cồ Việt
2292:АНТОЛОГИЯ ТРАДИЦИОННОЙ ВЬЕТНАМСКОЙ МЫСЛИ. X начало XIII вв.
2178:АНТОЛОГИЯ ТРАДИЦИОННОЙ ВЬЕТНАМСКОЙ МЫСЛИ. X начало XIII вв.
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Out of his many princes, Lê Hoàn appointed his first prince
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as the grand chancellor, known in Vietnamese as Thái sư;
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1866:, nominated himself as crown prince. According to the
1806:, Lê Đại Hành's forces, under the command of General
3775:(in Vietnamese), Saigon: Center for School Materials
2223:Duiker, William J.; Spielvogel, Jackson J. (2012).
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3761:(in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Education Publishing House
1755:, assumed the throne at aged six with the regent
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2156:, after being convinced of his future loyalty.
1978:as grand governor of court, Đại tổng quản; and
3845:States and territories established in the 980s
3783:A history of Vietnam: from Hong Bang to Tu Duc
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1735:. It comprised the reigns of three emperors.
1727:that ruled from 980 to 1009. It followed the
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27:Period of Vietnamese history from 980 to 1009
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291:Learn how and when to remove this message
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1833:had been beheaded and Champa capital of
1743:After the assassination of the emperor,
103:Relevant discussion may be found on the
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3758:Khâm định Việt sử Thông giám cương mục
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2229:. Cengage Learning. p. 354.
52:This article has multiple issues.
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2075:Temple of Hoa Xá – Minh Ngự Lâu
1747:, and the emperor's first son,
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60:or discuss these issues on the
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1340:Provisional Central Government
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1:
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1680:, alternatively known as the
1457:Cát Tiên archaeological site
1798:Following war threats from
1390:(Republic of South Vietnam)
169:the claims made and adding
109:conditions to do so are met
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1990:Temple of Đình Yên Thành,
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2973:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2963:
2943:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2929:
2927:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2809:
2807:
2678:
2676:
2413:Early independent Vietnam
2364:
2355:
2347:
1928:him to the Roman Emperor
1804:Battle of Bạch Đằng River
1794:Battle of Bạch Đằng (981)
1731:and was succeeded by the
601:
587:
548:Battle of Bạch Đằng (981)
514:
502:
486:
472:
430:
342:
337:
1882:Lê Long Đĩnh (1005–1009)
1825:Mercenaries in Đồ Bàn, (
1053:Trung sisters' rebellion
403:Vietnamese folk religion
364:Internal imperial system
30:Not to be confused with
3780:Chapuis, Oscar (1995),
3744:Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư
2280:Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư
1923:The rise of the Lý clan
1868:Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư
1841:of Đại Cồ Việt in 983.
1547:Principality of Hà Tiên
596:Copper-alloy cash coins
3830:1009 disestablishments
2076:
1999:
1788:Lê Đại Hành (980–1005)
1689:
1428:Non-Vietnamese history
1180:4th Chinese domination
1083:3rd Chinese domination
1063:2nd Chinese domination
1043:1st Chinese domination
2074:
1989:
1958:Administrative centre
1849:The succession crisis
1792:Further information:
1780:referred to with the
1376:(Republic of Vietnam)
1293:1887–1945 / 1945–1954
1281:1883–1945 / 1946–1948
1271:1883–1945 / 1945–1948
1261:1862–1945 / 1945–1949
387:Common languages
3855:Vietnamese dynasties
2003:Rebellion oppression
1712:[ɲâːtjə̂nle]
1361:North–South division
1210:Later Lê Restoration
916:Phùng Nguyên culture
225:improve this article
2282:, Chap 1. Page. 222
2150:Giao Chi Quan Vuong
2030:Quảng Bình Province
1854:Lê Long Việt (1005)
1831:Paramesvaravarman I
1586:Historical capitals
1507:Nung-Zhuang kingdom
854:12,000 BC–10,000 BC
833:20,000 BC–12,000 BC
96:of this article is
18:Anterior Lê dynasty
3825:980 establishments
2358:Dynasty of Vietnam
2297:2011-10-19 at the
2110:Đại Cồ Việt was a
2077:
2014:Thanh Hóa Province
2000:
1725:dynasty of Vietnam
1640:Vietnam portal
1257:French Cochinchina
875:10,000 BC–8,000 BC
390:Archaic Vietnamese
240:"Early Lê dynasty"
154:possibly contains
3813:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3726:
3725:
3589:Princess Phất Kim
2490:
2489:
2374:
2373:
2365:Succeeded by
2101:Foreign relations
1682:Former Lê dynasty
1674:
1673:
1555:
1554:
1537:Sip Song Chau Tai
1418:
1417:
1391:
1377:
1331:
1307:
1306:
1299:Empire of Vietnam
1238:
1237:
1091:
1090:
1024:
1023:
993:Hồng Bàng dynasty
974:
973:
960:(1,000 BC–200 AD)
950:(1,000 BC–100 AD)
930:1,500 BC–1,000 BC
920:2,000 BC–1,500 BC
895:4,000 BC–3,000 BC
885:8,000 BC–6,000 BC
881:Quỳnh Văn culture
771:
770:
677:
676:
659:
658:
655:
654:
635:
634:
461:• 1005–1009
319:
318:
311:
301:
300:
293:
275:
199:
198:
191:
156:original research
137:
136:
129:
75:
16:(Redirected from
3862:
3835:Early Lê dynasty
3800:
3799:
3796:
3776:
3772:Việt Nam sử lược
3762:
3748:
2497:
2496:
2481:
2470:
2462:
2451:
2443:
2432:
2421:
2409:Notable families
2402:
2395:
2388:
2379:
2348:Preceded by
2345:
2339:
2336:
2330:
2325:
2319:
2316:
2310:
2307:
2301:
2289:
2283:
2273:
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2254:
2241:
2240:
2220:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2207:
2198:. Archived from
2192:
2176:
2118:in the north of
2010:Nghệ An Province
1872:Hà Tĩnh Province
1714:
1709:
1678:Early Lê dynasty
1666:
1659:
1652:
1638:
1637:
1636:
1433:
1432:
1389:
1375:
1350:State of Vietnam
1329:
1322:
1321:
1288:French Indochina
1253:
1252:
1190:Later Lê dynasty
1150:Later Lý dynasty
1140:Early Lê dynasty
1106:
1105:
1073:Early Lý dynasty
1039:
1038:
999:
989:
988:
956:Sa Huỳnh culture
946:Dong Son culture
926:Đồng Đậu culture
814:
813:
801:
791:
773:
742:King of Giao Chỉ
679:
651:
650:
639:
638:
626:
625:
619:
618:
603:
602:
576:• Death of
436:• 980–1005
393:Literary Chinese
352:
347:
332:
331:
325:Đại Cồ Việt Quốc
321:
314:
307:
296:
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171:inline citations
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3292:Kiều Công Chuẩn
3272:Đinh Tiên Hoàng
2867:Dương Đình Nghệ
2486:
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2299:Wayback Machine
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2255:
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2214:
2205:
2203:
2194:
2193:
2186:
2174:
2171:
2162:
2142:Emperor Taizong
2127:failed invasion
2112:tributary state
2108:
2103:
2091:
2082:
2065:
2044:
2039:
2026:
2005:
1980:Đinh Thừa Chinh
1960:
1955:
1925:
1913:
1884:
1856:
1851:
1796:
1790:
1782:posthumous name
1773:Emperor Taizong
1745:Đinh Tiên Hoàng
1741:
1707:
1670:
1634:
1632:
1627:
1626:
1625:
1565:
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1430:
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1419:
1388:
1374:
1328:
1319:
1309:
1308:
1250:
1240:
1239:
1220:Tây Sơn dynasty
1103:
1093:
1092:
1036:
1026:
1025:
986:
976:
975:
871:Bắc Sơn culture
811:
789:
782:
749:
746:King of Nanping
670:
648:
623:
580:
567:
550:
537:
524:
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3817:
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3811:
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3807:
3806:
3798:
3797:
3792:
3777:
3767:Trần Trọng Kim
3763:
3749:
3729:
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3468:
3463:
3461:
3459:Đinh Hạng Lang
3456:
3454:
3449:
3447:
3445:
3440:
3438:
3436:Ngô Nhật Khánh
3433:
3430:
3429:
3427:
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3423:
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3288:
3283:
3281:
3276:
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3269:
3267:
3265:
3263:
3261:
3256:
3254:
3252:Ngô Xương Ngập
3249:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3233:
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3229:
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3141:
3139:
3137:
3135:
3133:
3131:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3113:
3111:Kiều Công Tiễn
3108:
3106:
3101:
3099:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3078:
3076:
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3006:
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2417:
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2407:
2405:
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2284:
2268:
2242:
2235:
2212:
2183:
2182:
2181:
2180:
2170:
2167:
2161:
2158:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2090:
2087:
2081:
2078:
2064:
2061:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2025:
2024:Transportation
2022:
2004:
2001:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1924:
1921:
1912:
1909:
1883:
1880:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1789:
1786:
1740:
1737:
1723:: 大瞿越), was a
1672:
1671:
1669:
1668:
1661:
1654:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1629:
1628:
1624:
1623:
1621:Indochina Wars
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1553:
1552:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1539:
1533:
1532:
1529:
1527:Jarai kingdoms
1523:
1522:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1489:
1483:
1482:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1439:
1431:
1426:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1416:
1415:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1402:
1400:Subsidy period
1396:
1395:
1392:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1346:
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1335:
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1320:
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1314:
1311:
1310:
1305:
1304:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1291:
1283:
1282:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1251:
1246:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1236:
1235:
1232:
1230:Nguyễn dynasty
1226:
1225:
1222:
1216:
1215:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1176:
1175:
1172:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1156:
1155:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1116:
1115:
1112:
1104:
1099:
1098:
1095:
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1089:
1088:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1075:
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1065:
1059:
1058:
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1037:
1032:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1022:
1021:
1018:
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1008:
1002:
1001:
995:
987:
982:
981:
978:
977:
972:
971:
968:
962:
961:
958:
952:
951:
948:
942:
941:
938:
936:Gò Mun culture
932:
931:
928:
922:
921:
918:
912:
911:
909:
897:
896:
893:
891:Đa Bút culture
887:
886:
883:
877:
876:
873:
867:
866:
864:
856:
855:
852:
846:
845:
843:
835:
834:
831:
829:Sơn Vi culture
825:
824:
822:
812:
807:
806:
803:
802:
794:
793:
784:
783:
776:
769:
768:
765:
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748:
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652:
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614:
609:
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589:
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2202:on 2017-11-10
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1917:Lê Ngọa Triều
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1787:
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1784:Lê Đại Hành.
1783:
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1777:Dương Vân Nga
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1372:South Vietnam
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1020:204 BC–111 BC
1019:
1017:
1016:Triệu dynasty
1014:
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1010:257 BC–179 BC
1009:
1007:
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966:Óc Eo culture
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724:Lê Ngọa Triều
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565:Lê Trung Tông
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561:Lê Ngọa Triều
552:
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241:
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236:Find sources:
230:
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219:
214:This article
212:
208:
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202:
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182:
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53:
48:
39:
38:
33:
19:
3782:
3770:
3756:
3742:
3732:
3632:Lê Long Đĩnh
3625:Lê Long Việt
3443:Ngô Xương Xí
2874:Khúc Thừa Mỹ
2613:Khúc Thừa Dụ
2483:
2424:
2375:
2356:
2351:Đinh dynasty
2334:
2323:
2314:
2305:
2287:
2271:
2262:
2258:
2225:
2204:. Retrieved
2200:the original
2175:(in Russian)
2163:
2149:
2145:
2138:Song dynasty
2135:
2130:
2124:
2109:
2106:Song dynasty
2095:Tang dynasty
2092:
2083:
2066:
2045:
2027:
2006:
1972:Phạm Cự Lạng
1964:Đinh dynasty
1961:
1926:
1914:
1897:Song dynasty
1888:Song dynasty
1885:
1864:Lê Long Đĩnh
1860:Lê Long Thâu
1857:
1843:
1839:vassal state
1812:
1797:
1765:Song dynasty
1742:
1729:Đinh dynasty
1716:
1681:
1677:
1675:
1497:Dali Kingdom
1487:Khmer Empire
1414:1986–present
1359:
1286:
1267:French Annam
1160:Trần dynasty
1139:
1130:Đinh dynasty
1047:111 BC–40 AD
1006:Thục dynasty
940:1,000–800 BC
900:
859:
838:
817:
630:Đinh dynasty
612:Succeeded by
611:
606:
449:• 1005
305:
287:
281:October 2019
278:
268:
261:
254:
247:
235:
223:Please help
218:verification
215:
185:
179:October 2019
176:
153:
123:
114:
92:
68:
61:
55:
54:Please help
51:
3739:Ngô Sĩ Liên
3466:Đinh Phế Đế
3286:Lê Đại Hành
3087:Queen Dương
2444: Dương
2425:Colour note
2276:Ngô Sĩ Liên
2063:Agriculture
1943:Lý Công Uẩn
1911:Hemorrhoids
1901:Hepu County
1753:Đinh Phế Đế
1717:Đại Cồ Việt
1690:Nhà Tiền Lê
1591:Immigration
1571:Agriculture
1200:Mạc dynasty
1110:Ngô dynasty
819:Paleolithic
809:Prehistoric
788:History of
720:Final ruler
705:9th century
691:Đại Cồ Việt
607:Preceded by
492:• 980
441:Lê Đại Hành
117:August 2019
3819:Categories
3793:0313296227
3641:Kiều Thuận
2463: Kiều
2368:Lý dynasty
2265:(1): 1–13.
2206:2017-11-13
2169:References
2146:Annan duhu
1947:Lý dynasty
1800:Song China
1761:Nguyễn Bặc
1733:Lý dynasty
1708:pronounced
1686:Vietnamese
1170:Hồ dynasty
970:(1–630 AD)
850:Hoabinhian
840:Mesolithic
764:Deposition
643:Lý dynasty
478:Chancellor
413:Government
251:newspapers
163:improve it
94:neutrality
57:improve it
32:Lê dynasty
3452:Đinh Liễn
3081:Ngô Quyền
2362:980–1009
1996:Ninh Bình
1968:Hồng Hiến
1895:with the
1835:Indrapura
1827:Quảng Nam
1749:Đinh Liễn
1576:Dynasties
1551:1707–1832
1541:1600–1954
1531:1100–1904
1521:1061–1432
1517:Ngưu Hống
1511:1042–1052
1404:1975–1986
1394:1969–1976
1380:1955–1975
1366:1954–1976
1354:1949–1955
1344:1948–1949
1334:1945–1976
1234:1802–1945
1224:1778–1802
1214:1533–1789
1204:1527–1592
1194:1428–1527
1184:1407–1427
1174:1400–1407
1164:1225–1400
1154:1009–1225
1034:Dominated
906:Iron Ages
861:Neolithic
754:Estate(s)
497:Hồng Hiến
399:Religion
371:tributary
167:verifying
105:talk page
63:talk page
3769:(1971),
3755:(1998),
3741:(1993),
2744:Khúc Hạo
2295:Archived
2154:Giao Chi
2131:Jiedushi
2125:After a
2042:Taxation
1953:Domestic
1739:Founding
1601:Monarchs
1596:Military
1564:By topic
1501:937–1253
1491:802–1431
1451:192–1832
1317:Republic
1248:Colonial
1144:980–1009
1101:Dynastic
779:a series
777:Part of
682:Early Lê
592:Currency
527:June 980
416:Monarchy
407:Buddhism
338:980–1009
98:disputed
2089:Culture
2037:Economy
1939:Lingchi
1905:Guangxi
1893:Nanning
1823:Abbasid
1757:Lê Hoàn
1721:Chữ Hán
1694:chữ Nôm
1581:Economy
1481:738–902
1477:Nanzhao
1471:550–781
1461:300–800
1410:Đổi Mới
1134:968–980
1124:965–968
1114:939–965
1087:602–938
1077:544–602
1000:–258 BC
998:2879 BC
984:Ancient
790:Vietnam
714:Lê Hoàn
710:Founder
702:Founded
695:Vietnam
687:Country
668:Vietnam
559:•
553:980–981
546:•
535:Lê Hoàn
520:•
507:History
443:(first)
422:Emperor
377:Capital
366:within
265:scholar
161:Please
3790:
3733:Notes:
2482:
2480:
2471:
2469:
2461:
2452:
2450:
2442:
2433:
2431:
2233:
2160:Champa
2055:, and
2018:Champa
1992:Hoa Lư
1976:Từ Mục
1934:sadism
1819:Chenla
1815:Champa
1771:under
1467:Chenla
1447:Champa
1441:68–627
1067:43–544
902:Bronze
781:on the
758:Hoa Lư
730:Titles
510:
482:
468:(last)
426:
381:Hoa Lư
360:Status
351:
267:
260:
253:
246:
238:
2120:China
2080:Trade
2053:Shang
1769:China
1616:Women
1611:Naval
1606:Names
1437:Funan
1057:40–43
672:China
272:JSTOR
258:books
3788:ISBN
2473:Đinh
2435:Khúc
2231:ISBN
2057:Zhou
2012:and
1930:Nero
1821:and
1676:The
1303:1945
904:and
767:1009
583:1009
570:1005
368:Song
330:大瞿越國
244:news
91:The
2454:Ngô
2411:in
2049:Xia
1767:of
540:980
227:by
165:by
3821::
2484:Lê
2263:28
2261:.
2245:^
2215:^
2187:^
2122:.
2051:,
1994:,
1907:.
1903:,
1706:;
1696::
1692:;
1688::
66:.
2401:e
2394:t
2387:v
2239:.
2209:.
1998:.
1719:(
1704:黎
1701:前
1698:茹
1684:(
1665:e
1658:t
1651:v
697:)
693:(
312:)
306:(
294:)
288:(
283:)
279:(
269:·
262:·
255:·
248:·
221:.
192:)
186:(
181:)
177:(
159:.
130:)
124:(
119:)
115:(
111:.
101:.
73:)
69:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
