855:
942:"Nevertheless, we recognise that our Judgment is only a judgment at first instance, and will soon be subject to an appeal to the Court of Appeal. In view of the great public importance of the issues raised in this case, and the highly exceptional circumstances that Hong Kong is currently facing, we consider it right that we should grant a short interim suspension order so that the respondents may have an opportunity to apply to the Court of Appeal, if so advised, for such interim relief as may be appropriate. Accordingly, we shall grant an interim temporary suspension order to postpone the coming into operation of the declarations of invalidity for a period of 7 days up to the end of 29 November 2019, with liberty to apply."
646:("Introduction of a partial ban on the wearing of face-covering clothing in education, public transport, governmental buildings and healthcare (Partial Face-Covering Clothing Ban Act)"). It is illegal to wear clothing which covers the entire face, or covered up to the point where only the eyes are uncovered, or renders the face unrecognisable, on public transport and in buildings and associated yards of educational institutions, governmental institutions and healthcare institutions. Frequently cited examples are a
962:
525:
586:§ 134 b, effective from 3 June 2000, makes the violation punishable by a fine or up to six months imprisonment. Part 2 of § 134 b further criminalizes the possession of effects which must be viewed as intended to be used for masking in an assembly. The §134 b, part 3, exempts from penalty masking which is done to protect one's face against the weather or worn for another worthy purpose. The ban does not apply in the autonomous territories of
169:
148:, Section 351(2), also covers "Disguise with Intent", whereby "Every one who, with intent to commit an indictable offence, has his face masked or coloured or is otherwise disguised is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding ten years". With some exceptions, an indictable offence in Canada is one that is subject to a fine of greater than $ 5,000 or imprisonment of more than six months.
781:
enacted law 721-VII banning wearing masks, helmets or camouflage clothing by people taking part in a gathering, assembly, demonstration, protest, rally or other mass event. Fines for violating are monetary up to about $ 400 or administrative arrest up to 15 days. The law was repealed in
January 2014.
560:
Parliament approved new legislation on 16 May 2017, which stipulates that people who wear clothing that covers their faces, such as burqas, niqabs, full face helmets or scarves (motorcyclists) etc. in places like universities, public transportation or courthouses will face fines of 150 euros (about $
890:
is also included in the definition of "face-covering". The legislation went into effect from midnight on 5 October until further notice, and the Hong Kong High Court refused to rule out an interim injunction order but the court will later decide whether to allow a judicial review into the invocation
749:
According to the 2005 'Law on the
Prohibition of masking in some cases', it is prohibited for participants in the demonstration to fully or partially cover the face in a way that complicates identification. This prohibition applies only if there are disturbances of public order at demonstrations, or
641:
In the
Netherlands, a first attempt towards a partial prohibition on face covering was made from 2012 to 2015, but the bill was struck down. A new attempt was made in the years after when a new bill was submitted on 27 November 2015. Eventually a limited anti-mask law was passed on 26 June 2018. The
624:
In Italy, a law issued in 1975 strictly forbids wearing of any attire that could hide the face of a person. Penalties (fines and imprisonment) are provided for such behaviour. The original purpose of the anti-mask law was to prevent crime or terrorism. The law allows for exemptions for a "justified
556:
In
Austria since 2002, masking ban on demonstrations under § 9 of the Assembly Law (Versammlungsgesetz). Violation of the ban need not be prosecuted if the mask does not threaten public order and security. Violation of the ban entails, according to § 19a.b of the Law, imprisonment up to six months,
930:
In response, the government said that it would stop enforcing the ban for the time being. A spokesman from the
Chinese legislative affairs commission, however, stated that "Whether the laws of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region comply with the Basic Law of Hong Kong can only be judged and
111:
upheld a New York law on the ground that wearing a Ku Klux Klan mask did not convey a protected message beyond that conveyed by wearing a hood and robe. Other courts have struck down anti-mask laws. For example, Tennessee and
Florida state laws have been invalidated on the grounds that they were
106:
found the law constitutional on the grounds that the wearing of the mask was an act of intimidation and a threat of violence, which is not protected speech. That law has exceptions for holiday celebrations, theatre performances, and occupational safety; the ruling makes it unclear if someone is
926:
The court also ruled that the ERO sections empowering the Chief-Executive-in
Council to make laws "on any occasion of public danger" is incompatible with multiple articles of the Hong Kong Basic Law, however, constitutional status is open to question. The court also held the ordinance meets the
561:
167). The measure took effect in
October 2017. Shortly after the enactment on 1 October 2017, there were some incidents in which people were incorrectly fined by the police, leading some commentators to point out flaws in the law, or incorrect understanding of it amongst the police.
606:
is an act of parliament passed by the Senate of France on 14 September 2010, resulting in the ban on the wearing of face-covering headgear, including masks, helmets, balaclava, niqābs and other veils covering the face in public places, except under specified circumstances.
569:
A Belgian law adopted in June 2011 prohibits appearing in public "with a face masked or hidden, in whole or in part, in such a way as to be unidentifiable". Violations can result in fines and up to seven days in jail. On 11 July 2017 the ban in
Belgium was upheld by the
882:
at a lawful rally or march, unlawful or unauthorised assembly, or during a riot could be sentenced to up to a year in jail and a fine of HK$ 25,000. Exemptions include those at protests wearing masks for professional or paid work, or for religious or medical reasons.
215:
is widely regarded as the most strict, prohibiting face coverings in almost all situations in public places, as opposed to limited restrictions in countries such as
Denmark that only outlaws such practices in the context of public assemblies such as demonstrations.
750:
if there is an immediate danger of such disturbances. The ban does not apply to the covering of the face for religious reasons. It also does not apply to the extent participants are authorized (under 2 Ch. 7 a § Order Act) to fully or partially cover the face.
833:, The participants of a violence disorder to cover their face in order to conceal the participant's identity or to protect the participant from the effects of a crowd-controlling substance will result in a higher imprisoned period from 10 years to 15 years.
615:
Since 1985, according to § 17a Abs. 2 Versammlungsgesetz it is prohibited to disguise one's identity in public meetings such as demonstrations so as to prevent identification by police. This violation can be fined with imprisonment up to one year.
759:
691:
Exempted from the prohibition of concealment in public events are participants in theatre, masquerade or similar. In accordance with the Norwegian police law, violation is punishable by a fine or up to three months imprisonment.
854:
625:
cause", which has sometimes been interpreted by courts as including religious reasons for wearing a veil, but others –including local governments– disagree and claim religion is not a "justified cause" in this context.
952:
On 10 December 2019, the Court of Appeal refused to suspend the "unconstitutional" ruling by the Court of First Instance on the anti-mask regulation. As scheduled, a full hearing will commence on 9 January 2020.
922:
to justify invoking the ERO, the law applies to both unlawful and lawful gatherings, the lack of a mechanism to distinguish the two, and the unwarranted breadth of the 'stop and unmask' power granted to police.
644:
Instelling van een gedeeltelijk verbod op het dragen van gezichtsbedekkende kleding in het onderwijs, het openbaar vervoer, overheidsgebouwen en de zorg (Wet gedeeltelijk verbod gezichtsbedekkende kleding)
1836:
1367:
51:
1838:
Federal Law on Assemblies, Meetings, Demonstrations, Marches and Picketing No. 54-FZ OF 19 June 2004 of the Russian Federation* as amended by Federal Law No. 65-FZ of 8 June 2012 (*Unofficial)
1327:
712:
1789:
1675:
1591:
902:, "A few years ago, Ukraine passed an anti-mask law. Do you know what happened in Ukraine? A revolution started in Ukraine. You want to do it? Do it, we will fight till the end."
2588:
108:
37:
are legislative or penal initiatives prohibiting the concealment of one's face in public. Anti-mask laws vary widely between jurisdictions in their intent, scope, and penalties.
2183:
2248:
758:
In the cantons of Basel-Stadt (1990), Zurich (1995), Bern (1999), Lucerne (2004), Thurgau (2004), Solothurn (2006) and St. Gallen (2009), there are laws banning use of masks
117:
99:
1397:
2583:
874:. The law bans protesters from covering their faces whether in full or partially during protests, including at rallies given a "Letter of No Objection" under the
1739:
918:
as they placed restrictions on fundamental rights beyond intended goals. The judgement levelled criticism at various aspects including: the lack of a declared
1845:
582:
Wearing masks or other objects that cover the face in a way where identification is prevented during assemblies in a public place is illegal in Denmark. The
102:
to free speech and free association. Some courts have weighed freedom of speech against the public safety interest, and upheld such laws. For example, the
2341:
2489:
1359:
1176:
2077:
2464:
886:
In addition, the law states that anyone who disobeys a police order to remove a mask could be sentenced to six months in jail and a HK$ 10,000 fine.
858:
On 4 October 2019, the HKSAR Government invoked the Emergency Regulations Ordinance to implement an anti-mask law in response to the ongoing protest.
1018:
849:
803:
206:
200:
1676:"Islamic face veil to be banned in Latvia despite being worn by just three women in entire country | The Independent | The Independent"
2053:
1137:
2416:
2296:
2097:
103:
1647:
1227:
2368:"KWOK WING HANG AND OTHERS v. CHIEF EXECUTIVE IN COUNCIL AND ANOTHER [2019] HKCFI 2820; HCAL 2945/2019 (22 November 2019) para 38"
1945:КоАП РФ Ст. 20.2. Нарушение установленного порядка организации либо проведения собрания, митинга, демонстрации, шествия или пикетирования
2608:
1595:
899:
71:
Many anti-mask laws date back to the mid-20th century, when states and municipalities passed them to stop the violent activities of the
2147:
1844:. Strasbourg: Council of Europe, European Commission for Democracy through Law (Venice Commission). 2012. p. 6. Archived from
2392:"KWOK WING HANG AND OTHERS v. CHIEF EXECUTIVE IN COUNCIL AND ANOTHER [2019] HKCFI 2884; HCAL 2945/2019 (22 November 2019)"
2274:"KWOK WING HANG AND OTHERS v. CHIEF EXECUTIVE IN COUNCIL AND ANOTHER [2019] HKCFI 2820; HCAL 2945/2019 (18 November 2019)"
2117:
211:
The present table provides a non-exhaustive overview comparing legal restrictions of face coverings in European states. The 2010
1066:
700:
According to a Russian federal law "On assemblies, meetings, demonstrations, marches and picketing", Article 6 as of June 2012:
1998:
867:
1872:Федеральный закон "О собраниях, митингах, демонстрациях, шествиях и пикетированиях" от 19.06.2004 N 54-ФЗ (последняя редакция)
871:
2573:
571:
368:
289:
946:
On 26 November 2019, the High Court announced hearing for the government appeal against the judgement is on 9 January 2020.
2328:
1496:
2026:
932:
2578:
603:
353:
212:
152:
2367:
1276:
817:. Motorcycle riders wearing full face helmets are generally required to remove them when entering a bank. A judge in
2223:
1152:
1969:
1091:
2613:
2568:
1620:
949:
On 27 November 2019, the Court of Appeal extended the interim suspension of the judgment until 10 December 2019.
790:
For a century, covering or blacking one's face was a criminal act that could lead to the death penalty; the 1723
1251:
725:
2603:
1294:
516:
Does not apply to religion-motivated face-coverings, or when demonstrators are authorised to cover their faces
327:
Hoods, masks, painting or objects that cover one's face and are worn in a way where it prevents identification
2249:"Crowdfunding campaign for jailed activist Edward Leung's appeal surpasses HK$ 350,000 goal within 15 minutes"
430:
Public transport, in buildings and associated yards of educational, governmental and healthcare institutions
1264:
863:
2184:"Hong Kong officially enacts emergency laws to ban masks at protests as NGOs criticise 'draconian' measure"
1870:
633:
In Latvia, a law issued in 2016 to ban niqab and burqa in entire country was passed by Latvian parliament.
107:
violating the law if they wear a mask without the intent to threaten violence. A three-judge panel of the
82:
In the 21st century those laws have been applied to political protesters such as those affiliated with the
2391:
1731:
911:
875:
707:
the organizer of an event must require all the people taking part not to use any means of hiding identity.
145:
2598:
2593:
1814:
1133:
915:
64:
New York State's anti-mask law was enacted in 1845, to provide for public safety after disputes between
2539:
1177:"With a 'Hi-Oh, Silver!' ACLU Challenges Michigan Anti-Mask Law on Behalf of "Lone Ranger" Protesters"
2300:
1943:
870:
to implement the Prohibition on Face Covering Regulation (PFCR), an anti-mask law in response to the
839:
police can require a motorist to remove head coverings, including masks, for identification purposes.
830:
711:
The punishment for the violation of the given law was introduced in July 2014 and is provided by the
677:
651:
574:(ECHR) after having been challenged by two Muslim women who claimed their rights had been infringed.
57:
1462:
390:
Competent authorities may provide exemptions if there is no threat to public safety or public order
1790:"Islamic face veil to be banned in Latvia despite being worn by just three women in entire country"
1023:
130:
2514:
2440:
666:
those worn by clients, patients or their visitors in residential parts of healthcare institutions;
2312:
2031:
919:
732:
672:
those necessary in relation to the requirements made to the performance of a profession or sport.
524:
1680:
894:
In response to the government's implementation of the law, netizens widely shared a speech by
688:
Concealment of faces in public is legal in Norway, except when taking part in a public event.
647:
583:
358:
Burqas, niqābs, motorcycle full face helmets, balaclavas, hoods and other face-covering veils
256:
138:
87:
76:
1109:
433:
Face covering for doing one's job or sport, for health or security, in healthcare residences
770:
704:
it is prohibited to wear masks and "any other means of hiding identity during public events;
2102:
2082:
836:
818:
120:
anonymous speech and anonymous association, especially for unpopular groups like the KKK.
113:
91:
83:
2273:
1433:
975:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
2490:"Hong Kong court lifts mask ban, refusing government request to suspend earlier ruling"
791:
778:
98:
These laws have been challenged on the grounds that they violate the guarantees of the
168:
2562:
2205:
887:
591:
341:
333:
Masking to protect one's face against the weather or worn for another worthy purpose
65:
1070:
27:
Legislative or penal initiatives prohibiting the concealment of one's face in public
1700:
1013:
998:
895:
308:
Government offices, schools, cultural institutions and places of public recreation
72:
1398:"Bulgaria the latest European country to ban the burqa and niqab in public places"
1277:
https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/wearing-a-mask-at-a-riot-is-now-a-crime-1.1306458
1201:
1042:
669:
those necessary for the protection of the body in relation to health or security;
2004:
419:
1919:Госдума ввела тюремные сроки до пяти лет за неоднократные нарушения на митингах
825:. A Victorian judge extended the ban to wearing a niqāb in the public gallery.
387:
Open-air public assemblies or other open-air public events or on the way there
774:
134:
17:
2170:
1970:"Parliament Bans Wearing Masks, Helmets, Camouflage Clothing At Mass Rallies"
1528:
814:
587:
337:
1890:
473:
Public events such as demonstrations, marches, meetings, stands or similar
1463:"Danes march in Copenhagen to protest ban on wearing face veils in public"
2027:"Ukrainian Prime Minister Resigns as Parliament Repeals Restrictive Laws"
1558:
1003:
822:
659:
297:
1434:"LOV nr 440 af 31/05/2000 om ændring af straffeloven (Maskeringsforbud)"
2465:"Ruling that Hong Kong mask ban is invalid suspended until December 10"
1977:
376:
319:
272:
247:
414:
There are disagreements whether one's religion is a "justified cause"
2342:"Hong Kong courts have no power to rule on face mask ban, says China"
1892:Закон о собраниях, митингах, демонстрациях, шествиях и пикетированиях
1275:
Meagan Fitzpatrick, CBC News Wearing a mask at a riot is now a crime
1008:
737:), demonstration protesters who cover their faces may be fined up to
546: Partial ban – government bans full-face veils in some locations
502:
462:
441:
348:
738:
1917:
1648:"Wie handhaaft het boerkaverbod? (dat eigenlijk niet zo mag heten)"
534: National ban – country bans wearing full-face veils in public
262:
Demonstrations, universities, public transportation or courthouses
1652:
1252:"Canadian Anti-Masking Bill Imminent | Vancouver Media Co-op"
853:
655:
523:
482:
397:
2316:
879:
513:
Public demonstrations where public order is or may be disturbed
2078:"Woman cannot give evidence in a niqab, Australian court rules"
1228:"Georgia Supreme Court Reinstates Ban on Wearing of Klan Masks"
938:
On 22 November 2019, the High Court made the following remark:
1328:"Austria's new anti-burqa law isn't quite working as intended"
955:
163:
2441:"Court extends anti-mask law suspension, say pan-dems - RTHK"
804:
Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic § China and Asia
1767:
510:
Face-coverings (unspecified) that complicate identification
449:
Hoods, masks, burqas, niqabs or objects to cover one's face
52:
Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
2297:
Hong Kong's High Court rules anti-mask law unconstitutional
1360:"Top Europe court upholds ban on full-face veil in Belgium"
1134:"Occupy's Halloween Party Might Break D.C.'s Anti-Mask Law"
314:
National ban was preceded by local bans in Bulgarian towns
311:
Exceptions are allowed for health or professional reasons
1732:"Spain's anti-protest bill criticized as anti-democratic"
1457:
1455:
427:
Burqas, niqabs, motorcycle full face helmets, balaclavas
155:
for transition and government services became publicized.
137:, which bans the wearing of masks during a riot or other
116:, was struck down based on First Amendment doctrine that
2000:Верховная Рада отменила "скандальные" законы – В Украине
914:
ruled s3(1)(b), (c), (d) and s5 of the PFCR failed the
1594:(in Dutch). Rijksoverheid. 26 June 2018. Archived from
540: Local ban – cities or regions ban full-face veils
180:
2148:"Police given broad powers to remove facial coverings"
2098:"Victorian judge bans niqab in court's public gallery"
1295:"Austrian Parliament Bans Full Facial Veils in Public"
1202:""Who Goes There?" -- Proposing a Model Anti-Mask Act"
384:
Items suitable and intended to prevent identification
1768:"Lag (2005:900) om förbud mot maskering i vissa fall"
1067:"Justice not so clear-cut over laws directed at Klan"
207:
Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic § Europe
109:
United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
56:
There are anti-mask laws in many U.S. states and the
2540:"Court of Appeal rejects mask ban ruling suspension"
1815:"Wet gedeeltelijk verbod gezichtsbedekkende kleding"
2515:"Court deals govt blow over mask ban ruling - RTHK"
2224:"High Court again refuses injunction over mask ban"
1428:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1418:
405:Any mask or clothing that obstructs identification
1701:"LOV-1995-08-04-53, Lov om politiet (politiloven)"
1497:"France's burqa ban upheld by human rights court"
821:has ruled that a woman cannot give evidence in a
100:First Amendment to the United States Constitution
2206:"Hong Kong protest march descends into violence"
2054:"Ukraine anti-protest laws repealed; PM resigns"
1592:"Gedeeltelijk verbod gezichtsbedekkende kleding"
1586:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1559:"Police stop Muslim woman wearing veil in Italy"
1153:"Old Anti-Mask Law Foils Wall Street Protestors"
1004:Niqāb § Enforcement, encouragement and bans
411:Exceptions are allowed for a "justified cause"
1293:Dan Bilefsky and Victor Homola (17 May 2017).
1391:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1110:"New York Penal Law – PEN § 240.35 | FindLaw"
730:
221:Legal restrictions on face covering in Europe
8:
2589:History of civil rights in the United States
2003:. MIGnews.com.ua. 2014-01-28. Archived from
1354:
1352:
1350:
1348:
676:On 26 June 2018, the bill was passed in the
305:Burqas, niqabs or other face-covering veils
1553:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1043:"CND: State Codes Related To Wearing Masks"
79:of white linen to conceal their identities.
1726:
1724:
1722:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1621:"Eerste Kamer stemt in met 'boerkaverbod'"
218:
112:unconstitutionally broad. An ordinance in
2417:"Anti-mask ruling appeal set for January"
1523:
1521:
1519:
1517:
931:decided by the standing committee of the
457:Islamic face veil to be banned in Latvia
129:After several high-profile protests, the
1762:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1615:
1613:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1315:
891:of the Emergency Regulations Ordinance.
813:It is legal to wear a mask in public in
2171:Prohibition on Face Covering Regulation
1034:
1019:Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic
850:Prohibition on Face Covering Regulation
713:federal code on administrative offences
241:
201:Hijab and burka controversies in Europe
141:. The bill became law on June 19, 2013.
2584:Freedom of speech in the United States
2329:Ban on masks must follow legal process
2186:. Hong Kong Free Press. 4 October 2019
2025:Kramer, Andrew E. (January 28, 2014).
1151:Coscarelli, Joe (September 20, 2011).
1140:from the original on October 18, 2014.
557:repeated offenses one year or a fine.
364:Full face helmets worn on motorcycles
2313:People free to wear masks again: govt
1221:
1219:
1060:
1058:
1056:
866:invoked the rarely used colonial-era
7:
1976:. Un.ua. 2014-01-17. Archived from
1396:Angel Krasimirov (1 October 2016).
662:. Clothes exempt from the Act are:
528:Anti-mask laws in Europe as of 2022
2127:. The State Government of Victoria
265:Face covering for doing one's job
25:
1370:from the original on 13 July 2017
1265:Police chiefs back anti-mask bill
927:"prescribed by law" requirement.
898:in a televised debate during the
1788:Pells, Rachael (21 April 2016).
960:
167:
1742:from the original on 2014-02-17
1646:Petra Vissers (1 August 2019).
1226:Applebome, Peter (1990-12-06).
868:Emergency Regulations Ordinance
723:According to the November 2013
280:Burqas, niqabs and other masks
75:, whose members typically wore
2247:Cheng, Kris (5 October 2019).
1181:American Civil Liberties Union
572:European Court of Human Rights
1:
1326:Rick Noack (9 October 2017).
490:Face-coverings (unspecified)
436:In force since 1 August 2019
1495:Kim Willsher (1 July 2014).
1065:Drew, Kevin (Jan 23, 2004).
1024:First Amendment Encyclopedia
257:motorcycle full face helmets
2052:Flanagan, Ed (2014-01-28).
1440:(in Danish). Civilstyrelsen
1200:Simoni, Stephen J. (1992).
1096:Southern Poverty Law Center
604:French ban on face covering
213:French ban on face covering
153:Quebec ban on face covering
2630:
2609:United States criminal law
933:National People's Congress
847:
801:
204:
198:
49:
2253:Hong Kong Free Press HKFP
2152:The Sydney Morning Herald
1402:The Sydney Morning Herald
969:This section needs to be
910:On 18 November 2019, the
872:ongoing protest that year
773:riot police clashed with
259:or face-covering scarves
2494:South China Morning Post
2469:South China Morning Post
1999:
1944:
1918:
1891:
1871:
1817:(in Dutch). Dutch Senate
1627:(in Dutch). 26 June 2018
408:In public (unspecified)
283:In public (unspecified)
864:Government of Hong Kong
862:On 4 October 2019, the
233:Limitations (examples)
1770:. Lagen.nu. 2006-01-01
1707:. Government of Norway
876:Public Order Ordinance
859:
794:was repealed in 1823.
731:
726:Citizens' Security Law
548:
493:Public demonstrations
2574:Canadian criminal law
2372:legalref.judiciary.hk
2173:, elegislation.gov.hk
2125:Victorian Legislation
878:. Anyone who wears a
857:
527:
199:Further information:
118:specifically protects
104:Georgia Supreme Court
66:landlords and tenants
1738:. 29 November 2013.
1092:"UNMASKING THE KLAN"
916:proportionality test
470:Masks (unspecified)
58:District of Columbia
2331:, SCMP, 18 Nov 2019
1851:on 19 February 2019
1364:Al-Arabiyya English
1332:The Washington Post
1157:Daily Intelligencer
900:2016 Legco election
769:Several days after
223:
131:Canadian Parliament
2579:Civil disobedience
2348:. 19 November 2019
2032:The New York Times
1598:on 5 February 2021
1438:retsinformation.dk
1299:The New York Times
1232:The New York Times
1206:Fordham Law Review
920:state of emergency
860:
549:
336:Does not apply in
330:Public assemblies
219:
179:. You can help by
2212:. 6 October 2019.
2118:"Crimes Act 1958"
1897:Российская газета
1877:www.consultant.ru
1681:Independent.co.uk
990:
989:
584:Danish Penal Code
522:
521:
197:
196:
139:unlawful assembly
35:anti-masking laws
16:(Redirected from
2621:
2614:Anti-protest law
2569:Activism by type
2554:
2553:
2551:
2550:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2525:
2511:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2486:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2476:
2461:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2451:
2437:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2427:
2412:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2402:
2388:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2378:
2364:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2338:
2332:
2326:
2320:
2310:
2304:
2294:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2284:
2270:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2244:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2234:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2180:
2174:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2158:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2122:
2114:
2108:
2107:
2094:
2088:
2087:
2086:. December 2016.
2074:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2064:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2039:
2022:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2012:
1995:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1956:
1940:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1930:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1887:
1881:
1880:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1850:
1843:
1833:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1785:
1779:
1778:
1776:
1775:
1764:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1747:
1728:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1697:
1686:
1685:
1684:. 21 April 2016.
1672:
1666:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1617:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1588:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1555:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1536:
1525:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1492:
1479:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1469:. 21 August 2018
1459:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1430:
1413:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1393:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1366:. 11 July 2017.
1356:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1323:
1310:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1290:
1279:
1273:
1267:
1262:
1256:
1255:
1248:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1238:
1223:
1214:
1213:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1187:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1163:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1130:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1120:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1088:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1078:
1069:. Archived from
1062:
1051:
1050:
1039:
985:
982:
976:
964:
963:
956:
736:
648:full face helmet
545:
539:
533:
255:Burqas, niqabs,
224:
192:
189:
171:
164:
92:Guy Fawkes masks
21:
2629:
2628:
2624:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2619:
2618:
2604:Occupy movement
2559:
2558:
2557:
2548:
2546:
2538:Standard, The.
2537:
2536:
2532:
2523:
2521:
2513:
2512:
2508:
2499:
2497:
2488:
2487:
2483:
2474:
2472:
2463:
2462:
2458:
2449:
2447:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2425:
2423:
2415:Standard, The.
2414:
2413:
2409:
2400:
2398:
2390:
2389:
2385:
2376:
2374:
2366:
2365:
2361:
2351:
2349:
2340:
2339:
2335:
2327:
2323:
2311:
2307:
2295:
2291:
2282:
2280:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2257:
2255:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2232:
2230:
2222:
2221:
2217:
2204:
2203:
2199:
2189:
2187:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2169:
2165:
2156:
2154:
2146:Corderoy, Amy.
2145:
2144:
2140:
2130:
2128:
2120:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2106:. 18 July 2018.
2103:TheGuardian.com
2096:
2095:
2091:
2083:TheGuardian.com
2076:
2075:
2071:
2062:
2060:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2037:
2035:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2010:
2008:
2001:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1983:
1981:
1968:
1967:
1963:
1954:
1952:
1946:
1942:
1941:
1937:
1928:
1926:
1920:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1902:
1900:
1893:
1889:
1888:
1884:
1873:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1854:
1852:
1848:
1841:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1820:
1818:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1798:
1796:
1794:The Independent
1787:
1786:
1782:
1773:
1771:
1766:
1765:
1754:
1745:
1743:
1730:
1729:
1720:
1710:
1708:
1699:
1698:
1689:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1659:
1657:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1630:
1628:
1619:
1618:
1611:
1601:
1599:
1590:
1589:
1578:
1568:
1566:
1557:
1556:
1543:
1534:
1532:
1527:
1526:
1515:
1505:
1503:
1494:
1493:
1482:
1472:
1470:
1461:
1460:
1453:
1443:
1441:
1432:
1431:
1416:
1406:
1404:
1395:
1394:
1383:
1373:
1371:
1358:
1357:
1346:
1336:
1334:
1325:
1324:
1313:
1303:
1301:
1292:
1291:
1282:
1274:
1270:
1263:
1259:
1250:
1249:
1245:
1236:
1234:
1225:
1224:
1217:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1185:
1183:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1161:
1159:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1118:
1116:
1108:
1107:
1103:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1076:
1074:
1064:
1063:
1054:
1047:www.anapsid.org
1041:
1040:
1036:
1032:
995:
986:
980:
977:
974:
965:
961:
908:
906:Judicial review
852:
846:
837:New South Wales
819:New South Wales
811:
806:
800:
788:
767:
756:
747:
721:
698:
686:
639:
631:
622:
613:
600:
580:
567:
554:
547:
543:
541:
537:
535:
531:
529:
209:
203:
193:
187:
184:
177:needs expansion
162:
126:
114:Goshen, Indiana
84:Occupy Movement
54:
48:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2627:
2625:
2617:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2561:
2560:
2556:
2555:
2530:
2506:
2481:
2456:
2432:
2407:
2383:
2359:
2333:
2321:
2305:
2289:
2265:
2239:
2215:
2197:
2175:
2163:
2138:
2109:
2089:
2069:
2044:
2017:
1990:
1974:Ukrainian News
1961:
1935:
1909:
1882:
1879:. Консультант.
1862:
1828:
1806:
1780:
1752:
1718:
1687:
1667:
1638:
1609:
1576:
1541:
1513:
1480:
1451:
1414:
1381:
1344:
1311:
1280:
1268:
1257:
1243:
1215:
1192:
1168:
1143:
1125:
1101:
1083:
1052:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
994:
991:
988:
987:
968:
966:
959:
907:
904:
848:Main article:
845:
842:
841:
840:
834:
810:
807:
799:
796:
787:
786:United Kingdom
784:
779:Verkhovna Rada
766:
763:
755:
752:
746:
743:
720:
717:
709:
708:
705:
697:
694:
685:
682:
674:
673:
670:
667:
642:law is called
638:
635:
630:
627:
621:
618:
612:
609:
599:
596:
579:
576:
566:
563:
553:
550:
542:
536:
530:
520:
519:
517:
514:
511:
508:
505:
499:
498:
496:
494:
491:
488:
485:
479:
478:
476:
474:
471:
468:
465:
459:
458:
455:
453:
452:Public places
450:
447:
444:
438:
437:
434:
431:
428:
425:
422:
416:
415:
412:
409:
406:
403:
400:
394:
393:
391:
388:
385:
382:
379:
373:
372:
367:Upheld by the
365:
362:
361:Public places
359:
356:
351:
345:
344:
334:
331:
328:
325:
322:
316:
315:
312:
309:
306:
303:
300:
294:
293:
288:Upheld by the
286:
284:
281:
278:
275:
269:
268:
266:
263:
260:
253:
250:
244:
243:
240:
237:
234:
231:
228:
195:
194:
174:
172:
161:
158:
157:
156:
149:
142:
125:
122:
96:
95:
80:
69:
47:
44:
42:
39:
26:
24:
18:Anti-mask laws
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2626:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2545:
2541:
2534:
2531:
2520:
2516:
2510:
2507:
2495:
2491:
2485:
2482:
2470:
2466:
2460:
2457:
2446:
2442:
2436:
2433:
2422:
2418:
2411:
2408:
2397:
2393:
2387:
2384:
2373:
2369:
2363:
2360:
2347:
2343:
2337:
2334:
2330:
2325:
2322:
2319:, 18 Nov 2019
2318:
2314:
2309:
2306:
2303:, 18 Nov 2019
2302:
2298:
2293:
2290:
2279:
2275:
2269:
2266:
2254:
2250:
2243:
2240:
2229:
2225:
2219:
2216:
2211:
2207:
2201:
2198:
2185:
2179:
2176:
2172:
2167:
2164:
2153:
2149:
2142:
2139:
2126:
2119:
2113:
2110:
2105:
2104:
2099:
2093:
2090:
2085:
2084:
2079:
2073:
2070:
2059:
2055:
2048:
2045:
2034:
2033:
2028:
2021:
2018:
2007:on 2014-04-23
2006:
2002:
1994:
1991:
1980:on 2014-02-28
1979:
1975:
1971:
1965:
1962:
1951:
1947:
1939:
1936:
1925:
1921:
1913:
1910:
1898:
1894:
1886:
1883:
1878:
1874:
1866:
1863:
1847:
1840:
1839:
1832:
1829:
1816:
1810:
1807:
1795:
1791:
1784:
1781:
1769:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1753:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1719:
1706:
1702:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1688:
1683:
1682:
1677:
1671:
1668:
1655:
1654:
1649:
1642:
1639:
1626:
1622:
1616:
1614:
1610:
1597:
1593:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1577:
1564:
1560:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1530:
1529:"§ 17a VersG"
1524:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1502:
1498:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1481:
1468:
1464:
1458:
1456:
1452:
1439:
1435:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1415:
1403:
1399:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1382:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1333:
1329:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1312:
1300:
1296:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1278:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1261:
1258:
1253:
1247:
1244:
1233:
1229:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1196:
1193:
1182:
1178:
1172:
1169:
1158:
1154:
1147:
1144:
1139:
1135:
1129:
1126:
1115:
1111:
1105:
1102:
1098:. 1999-09-15.
1097:
1093:
1087:
1084:
1073:on 2018-07-14
1072:
1068:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1048:
1044:
1038:
1035:
1029:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
996:
992:
984:
981:February 2024
972:
967:
958:
957:
954:
950:
947:
944:
943:
939:
936:
934:
928:
924:
921:
917:
913:
905:
903:
901:
897:
892:
889:
884:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
856:
851:
843:
838:
835:
832:
828:
827:
826:
824:
820:
816:
808:
805:
797:
795:
793:
785:
783:
780:
776:
772:
764:
762:
760:
753:
751:
744:
742:
740:
735:
734:
728:
727:
718:
716:
714:
706:
703:
702:
701:
695:
693:
689:
683:
681:
679:
671:
668:
665:
664:
663:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
636:
634:
628:
626:
619:
617:
610:
608:
605:
597:
595:
593:
592:Faroe Islands
589:
585:
577:
575:
573:
564:
562:
558:
551:
526:
518:
515:
512:
509:
506:
504:
501:
500:
497:
495:
492:
489:
486:
484:
481:
480:
477:
475:
472:
469:
466:
464:
461:
460:
456:
454:
451:
448:
445:
443:
440:
439:
435:
432:
429:
426:
423:
421:
418:
417:
413:
410:
407:
404:
401:
399:
396:
395:
392:
389:
386:
383:
380:
378:
375:
374:
370:
366:
363:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
346:
343:
342:Faroe Islands
339:
335:
332:
329:
326:
323:
321:
318:
317:
313:
310:
307:
304:
301:
299:
296:
295:
291:
287:
285:
282:
279:
276:
274:
271:
270:
267:
264:
261:
258:
254:
251:
249:
246:
245:
238:
235:
232:
229:
226:
225:
222:
217:
214:
208:
202:
191:
182:
178:
175:This section
173:
170:
166:
165:
159:
154:
150:
147:
146:Criminal Code
143:
140:
136:
132:
128:
127:
123:
121:
119:
115:
110:
105:
101:
93:
89:
85:
81:
78:
74:
70:
67:
63:
62:
61:
59:
53:
46:United States
45:
41:North America
40:
38:
36:
32:
19:
2599:Masks in law
2594:Ku Klux Klan
2547:. Retrieved
2544:The Standard
2543:
2533:
2522:. Retrieved
2519:news.rthk.hk
2518:
2509:
2498:. Retrieved
2496:. 2019-12-10
2493:
2484:
2473:. Retrieved
2471:. 2019-11-27
2468:
2459:
2448:. Retrieved
2445:news.rthk.hk
2444:
2435:
2424:. Retrieved
2421:The Standard
2420:
2410:
2399:. Retrieved
2396:www.hklii.hk
2395:
2386:
2375:. Retrieved
2371:
2362:
2350:. Retrieved
2346:The Guardian
2345:
2336:
2324:
2308:
2292:
2281:. Retrieved
2278:www.hklii.hk
2277:
2268:
2256:. Retrieved
2252:
2242:
2231:. Retrieved
2227:
2218:
2209:
2200:
2188:. Retrieved
2178:
2166:
2155:. Retrieved
2151:
2141:
2129:. Retrieved
2124:
2112:
2101:
2092:
2081:
2072:
2061:. Retrieved
2057:
2047:
2036:. Retrieved
2030:
2020:
2009:. Retrieved
2005:the original
1993:
1982:. Retrieved
1978:the original
1973:
1964:
1953:. Retrieved
1950:legalacts.ru
1949:
1938:
1927:. Retrieved
1923:
1912:
1901:. Retrieved
1899:(in Russian)
1896:
1885:
1876:
1865:
1853:. Retrieved
1846:the original
1837:
1831:
1819:. Retrieved
1809:
1797:. Retrieved
1793:
1783:
1772:. Retrieved
1744:. Retrieved
1735:
1709:. Retrieved
1704:
1679:
1670:
1658:. Retrieved
1651:
1641:
1629:. Retrieved
1624:
1600:. Retrieved
1596:the original
1567:. Retrieved
1565:. 3 May 2010
1562:
1533:. Retrieved
1531:. dejure.org
1504:. Retrieved
1501:The Guardian
1500:
1471:. Retrieved
1466:
1442:. Retrieved
1437:
1405:. Retrieved
1401:
1372:. Retrieved
1363:
1335:. Retrieved
1331:
1302:. Retrieved
1298:
1271:
1260:
1246:
1235:. Retrieved
1231:
1209:
1205:
1195:
1184:. Retrieved
1180:
1171:
1160:. Retrieved
1156:
1146:
1128:
1117:. Retrieved
1113:
1104:
1095:
1086:
1075:. Retrieved
1071:the original
1046:
1037:
1014:Islamophobia
999:Surveillance
978:
970:
951:
948:
945:
941:
940:
937:
929:
925:
909:
896:Edward Leung
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420:Netherlands
252:2002, 2017
239:Exceptions
236:Situations
133:introduced
2563:Categories
2549:2019-12-10
2524:2019-12-10
2500:2019-12-10
2475:2019-11-28
2450:2019-11-27
2426:2019-11-26
2401:2019-11-27
2377:2019-11-23
2283:2019-11-20
2233:2019-10-08
2157:2017-01-23
2063:2014-02-16
2038:2018-07-13
2011:2014-02-16
1984:2014-02-16
1955:2019-02-18
1929:2019-02-18
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