141:, enhancing the detection and elimination of encountered pathogens. The interaction with leukocytes is largely driven by the predominant antibody isotype as well as the presence and concentration of immune cells recruited to the local environment. The resulting immune cell recruitment may result in phagocytosis if monocytes, macrophages, or neutrophils are the primary cells recruited, release of granzymes and other killing factors if NK cells or neutrophils are recruited, and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in nearly all cases.
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1) Antibodies (A) and pathogens (B) circular in the blood. 2) The antibodies bind to pathogens with complementary antigen sequences, engaging in opsonization (2a), neutralisation (2b), and agglutination (2c). 3) A phagocyte (C) approaches the pathogen, and Fc region (D) of the antibody binds to one
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through coating of a target cell with antibodies. Immunoglobulins participate in molecular tagging of pathogens which display antigens recognised by their specific paratope. The binding of antibodies enhances pathogen identification and recruitment of immune effector cells, ultimately accelerating
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These interactions result in envelopment of the particle by the cytoplasmic membrane of the phagocytic cell, until the particle is contained in a membrane-bound vacuole (phagosome) within the cell. The pathogen is subsequently destroyed following intracellular vesicle fusion with lytic vessels.
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Antibody-mediated opsonisation (marking) of pathogens depends on high affinity paratope-epitope interactions. Immunoglobulins are highly effective opsonins, with the IgG subclasses IgG1 and IgG3 being recognised as the most efficacious opsonins in humans.
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In antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, the pathogen does not need to be internalised to be destroyed. ADCC requires an effector cell with the ability to eliminate pathogens through release of cytotoxic agents, most notably
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receptors such as FcRs enhances their ability to detect microbes which have been tagged by as pathogenic.
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that states a
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117:- the region of the antibody which displays the paratope capable of binding to antigenic epitopes
126:- the 'tail' region of the Y-shaped immunoglobulin which provides a binding site for endogenous
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of the Fc receptors (E) on the phagocyte. 4) Phagocytosis of antibody-marked pathogen
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express FcRs that bind strongly to the Fc regions of particular antibody isotypes.
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Janeway Jr, Charles A; Travers, Paul; Walport, Mark; Shlomchik, Mark J. (2001),
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via its Fab domain. Cells with cyotoxic function (e.g. NK cells) expresses
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During this process, the pathogen is opsonized and bound with the antibody
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401:"Phagocytosis: receptors, signal integration, and the cytoskeleton"
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This Fc domain allows antibodies to engage with various effector
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Immunobiology: the immune system in health and disease ;
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which recognize and bind to the reciprocal Fc portion of an
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personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
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Freeman, Spencer A.; Grinstein, Sergio (November 2014).
246:"B Cell Development, Activation and Effector Functions"
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Immunobiology: The Immune System in Health and
Disease
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Nimmerjahn, Falk; Ravetch, Jeffrey V. (January 2008).
312:"Monoclonal antibody targets and mechanisms of action"
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Antibodies structurally contain two important domains
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microbial clearance through phagocytic destruction or
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165:During a normal inflammatory response, microbial
80:is a process by which a pathogen is marked for
290:(5th ed.). New York, NY: Garland Publ.
192:Antibody-dependent Cell-mediated Cytotoxicity
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65:Learn how and when to remove this message
87:antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
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167:pathogen-associated molecular patterns
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318:, Elsevier, pp. 163–595, 2012,
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133:displayed on immune cell surfaces
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286:Janeway, Charles A., ed. (2001).
316:Therapeutic Antibody Engineering
150:Antibody-stimulated Phagocytosis
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454:(5th ed.), Garland Science
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250:Primer to the Immune Response
174:pattern recognition receptors
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213:are sometimes implicated.
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324:10.1533/9781908818096.163
145:Recruitment and Clearance
178:phagocytotic clearance.
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78:Antibody opsonization
16:Immune system process
199:natural killer cells
169:(PAMPs) bind with
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211:eosinophils
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458:2024-07-31
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232:References
171:phagocytic
156:phagocytes
139:leukocytes
115:Fab domain
102:Principles
425:0105-2896
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55:July 2024
472:Category
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226:antibody
124:fragment
182:opsonin
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429:PMID
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