Antigonus II Gonatas - Knowledge (XXG)

1204:

do this, he showed him great marks of favour. When he was sacrificing to the gods in Corinth, he sent portions of the meat to Aratus at Sicyon, and complimented Aratus in front of his guests: "I thought this Sicyonian youth was only a lover of liberty and of his fellow-citizens, but now I look upon him as a good judge of the manners and actions of kings. For formerly he despised us, and, placing his hopes further off, admired the Egyptians, hearing much of their elephants, fleets, and palaces. But after seeing all these at a nearer distance, and perceiving them to be but mere stage props and pageantry, he has now come over to us. And for my part I willingly receive him, and, resolving to make great use of him myself, command you to look upon him as a friend." These words were readily believed by many, and when they were reported to Ptolemy, he half believed them.

904:

realising that his Gallic troops were hard pressed, now advanced into the city with more troops, but in the narrow streets this soon led to confusion as men got lost and wandered around. The two forces now paused and waited for daylight. When the sun rose, Pyrrhus saw how strong the opposition was and decided the best thing was to retreat. Fearing that the gates would be too narrow for his troops to easily exit the city, he sent a message to his son, Helenus, who was outside with the main body of the army, asking him to break down a section of the walls. The messenger, however, failed to convey his instructions clearly. Misunderstanding what was required, Helenus took the rest of the elephants and some picked troops and advanced into the city to help his father.

1143: 1361:, who was to reign for the next 10 years. Except for a short period when he defeated the Gauls, Antigonus was not a heroic or successful military leader. His skills were mainly political. He preferred to rely on cunning, patience, and persistence to achieve his goals. While more brilliant leaders, like his father Demetrius and his neighbour Pyrrhus, aimed higher and fell lower, Antigonus achieved a measure of security. It is also said of him that he gained the affection of his subjects by his honesty and his cultivation of the arts, which he accomplished by gathering round him distinguished literary men, in particular philosophers, poets, and historians. A tomb in 826:. Antigonus's Macedonian troops retreated, but his own body of Gallic mercenaries, who had charge of his elephants, stood firm until Pyrrhus's troops surrounded them, whereupon they surrendered both themselves and the elephants. Pyrrhus now chased after the rest of Antigonus's army which, demoralised by its earlier defeat, declined to fight. As the two armies faced each other, Pyrrhus called out to the various officers by name and persuaded the whole body of infantry to desert. Antigonus escaped by concealing his identity. Pyrrhus now took control of upper Macedonia and Thessaly, while Antigonus held on to the coastal towns. 472:. As the Thebans defended their city stubbornly, Demetrius often forced his men to attack the city at great cost, even though there was little hope of capturing it. It is said that, distressed by the heavy losses, Antigonus asked his father: "Why, father, do we allow these lives to be thrown away so unnecessarily?" Demetrius appears to have showed his contempt for the lives of his soldiers by replying: "We don't have to find rations for the dead." But he also showed a similar disregard for his own life and was badly wounded at the siege by a bolt through the neck. 1092:, persuaded Antiochus to take advantage of the war in Greece to attack Egypt. To counter this, Ptolemy dispatched a force of pirates and freebooters to raid and attack the lands and provinces of Antiochus, while his army fought a defensive campaign, holding back the stronger Seleucid army. Although successfully defending Egypt, Ptolemy II was unable to save Athens from Antigonus. In 263/2 or 262/1 BC, the Athenians and Spartans, worn down by several years of war and the devastation of their lands, made peace with Antigonus, who thus retained his hold on Greece. 523: 900:

who had recently lost a son in the retreat from Sparta, did not. Indeed, with the help of Aristeas, he was plotting to seize the city. In the middle of the night, he marched his army up to the city walls and entered through a gate that Aristeas had opened. His Gallic troops seized the market place, but he had difficulty getting his elephants into the city through the small gates. This gave the Argives time to rally. They occupied strong points and sent messengers asking Antigonus for help.

149: 833:, the ancient capital of Macedonia, he installed a garrison of Gauls, who greatly offended the Macedonians by digging up the tombs of their kings and leaving the bones scattered about as they searched for gold. He also neglected to finish off his enemy. Leaving him in control of the coastal cities, he contented himself with insults. He called Antigonus a shameless man for still wearing the purple, but he did little to destroy the remnants of his power. 789:, Macedonia's western neighbour, was a general of mercurial ability, widely renowned for his bravery, but he did not apply his talents sensibly and often snatched after vain hopes, so that Antigonus used to compare him to a dice player, who had excellent throws, but did not know how to use them. When the Gauls defeated Ptolemy Ceraunus and the Macedonian throne became vacant, Pyrrhus was occupied in his campaigns overseas. Hoping to conquer first 954: 3596: 693: 43: 822:

his army, he invaded Macedonia with the intention of filling his coffers with plunder. The campaign, however, went better than expected. Making himself master of several towns and being joined by two thousand deserters, his hopes started to grow and he went in search of Antigonus, attacking his army in a narrow pass and throwing it into disorder at the

962:

had characterized the careers of his father and grandfather. Aware that the Greeks loved freedom and autonomy, he was careful to grant a semblance of this in as much as it did not clash with his own power. Also, he tried to avoid the odium that direct rule brings by controlling the Greeks through intermediaries. It is for this reason that

891:, were keen rivals. As Aristippus was an ally of Antigonus, Aristeas invited Pyrrhus to come to Argos to help him take over the city. Antigonus, aware that Pyrrhus was advancing on Argos, marched his army there as well, taking up a strong position on some high ground near the city. When Pyrrhus learned this, he encamped about 483:, who immediately formed an alliance. In the spring of 288 BC Ptolemy's fleet appeared off Greece, inciting the cities to revolt. At the same time, Lysimachus attacked Macedonia from the east while Pyrrhus did so from the west. Demetrius left Antigonus in control of the rest of Greece, while he hurried to Macedonia. 908:

rider. This beast surged against the tide of fugitives, crushing friend and foe alike, until it found its dead master, whereupon it picked him up, placed him on its tusks, and went on the rampage. In this chaos Pyrrhus was struck down by a tile thrown by an old woman and killed by Zopyrus, a soldier of Antigonus.

876:, to reach the city with a force of mercenaries from Corinth. Soon after this, the Spartan king, Areus, returned from Crete with 2,000 men. These reinforcements stiffened resistance, and Pyrrhus, finding that he was losing men to desertion every day, broke off the attack and started to plunder the country. 961:

With the restoration of the territories captured by Pyrrhus, and with grateful allies in Sparta and Argos, and garrisons in Corinth and other cities, Antigonus securely controlled Macedonia and Greece. The careful way he guarded his power shows that he wished to avoid the vicissitudes of fortune that

911:

Halcyoneus, one of Antigonus's sons, heard that Pyrrhus had been killed. Taking the head, which had been cut off by Zopyrus, he rode to where his father was and threw it at his feet. Far from being delighted, Antigonus was angry with his son and struck him, calling him a barbarian and drove him away.

542:

telling them to henceforth consider him a dead man and to ignore any letters they might receive written under his seal. Macedonia, meanwhile, had been divided between Pyrrhus and Lysimachus, but, "like two wolves sharing a piece of meat", they soon fought over it with the result that Lysimachus drove

1203:

Antigonus was troubled by the rising power and popularity of Aratus. If he were to receive extensive military and financial support from Ptolemy, Aratus would be able to threaten his position. He decided therefore to either win him over to his side or at least discredit him with Ptolemy. In order to

546:

Following the capture of his father, Antigonus proved himself a dutiful son. He wrote to all the kings, especially Seleucus, offering to surrender all the territory he controlled and proposing himself as a hostage for his father's release, but to no avail. In 283 BC, at the age of 55, Demetrius died

907:

With some of his troops trying to get out of the city and others trying to get in, Pyrrhus's army was now thrown into confusion. This was made worse by the elephants. The largest one had fallen across the gateway and was blocking the way, while another elephant, called Nicon, was trying to find its

821:

Pyrrhus's retreat from Italy, however, proved very unlucky for Antigonus. Returning to Epirus with an army of eight thousand foot and five hundred horse, he was in need of money to pay them. This encouraged him to look for another war, so the next year, after adding a force of Gallic mercenaries to

475:

In 291 BC, Demetrius finally took the city after using siege engines to demolish its walls. But control of Macedonia and most of Greece was merely a stepping stone to his plans for further conquest. He aimed at nothing less than the revival of Alexander's empire and started making preparations on a

899:

The Argives, fearing that their territory would become a war zone, sent deputations to the two kings begging them to go elsewhere and allow their city to remain neutral. Both kings agreed, but Antigonus won over the trust of the Argives by surrendering his son as a hostage for his pledge. Pyrrhus,

678:

Antigonus besieged Cassandreia for ten months, but was unable to dislodge Appolodorus and his men. Antigonus then resorted to trickery, he retreated his army and sent one of his mercenary commanders, Ameinias the Phocian, to negotiate with Apollodorus. During the negotiations Ameinias had 2,000 of

1305:

While Persaeus was at Antigonus' court, Antigonus once, wishing to make trial of him, caused some false news to be brought to him that his estate had been ravaged by the enemy, and as his countenance fell, "Do you see," said he, "that wealth is not a matter of indifference?" Persaeus subsequently

903:

When Antigonus heard that Pyrrhus had treacherously attacked the city, he advanced to the walls and sent a strong force inside to help the Argives. At the same time Areus arrived with a force of 1,000 Cretans and light-armed Spartans. These forces attacked the Gauls in the market place. Pyrrhus,

915:

After the death of Pyrrhus, his whole army and camp surrendered to Antigonus, greatly increasing his power. Later, Halcyoneus discovered Helenus, Pyrrhus's son, disguised in threadbare clothes. He treated him kindly and brought him to his father who was more pleased with his behaviour. "This is

1297:

studied under both the Megarians and Cynics before founding the Stoic school and he became particularly associated with Antigonus. We're told "Antigonus (Gonatas) also favoured him , and whenever he came to Athens would hear him lecture and often invited him to come to his court.". Diogenes

759: 1298:

Laertius reproduces a brief series of letters between Zeno and Antigonus, in which he asked the Stoic to attend his court and help guide him in virtue, for the benefit of the Macedonian people. Zeno at this time was too sickly and frail to travel so instead he sent two of his best students

1126:, to challenge his king, seeking independence as a tyrant. Alexander's revolt was the most serious threat to the Macedonian hegemony in Greece, and since Antigonus' military efforts were unsuccessful, he probably resolved to poison the traitor in 247 BC. By offering a marriage with his heir 584:

from the north, crushed Ptolemy's army and killed him in battle, starting two years of complete anarchy in the kingdom. After plundering Macedonia, the Gauls invaded further regions of Greece, moving southwards. Antigonus cooperated in the defence of Greece against the barbarians, but the

616:

appeared, Antigonus laid an ambush. He abandoned his camp and beached his ships, then concealed his men. The Gauls looted the camp, but when they started to attack the ships, Antigonus's army appeared, trapping them with the sea to their rear. In this way Antigonus resoundingly won the

1045:. In Greece, Athens and Sparta, once the dominant states, naturally resented the domination of Antigonus. The pride, which in the past had made these cities mortal enemies, now served to unite them. In 267 BC, probably with encouragement from Egypt, an Athenian by the name of 923:, the son of Pyrrhus and his successor as king of Epirus, repeated his father's adventure by conquering Macedonia. However, only a few years later, Alexander was not only expelled from Macedonia by Antigonus' son Demetrius, but he also lost Epirus and had to go into exile in 490:

and Demetrius's army promptly deserted and went over to the enemy who was much admired by the Macedonians for his bravery. At this change of fortune, Phila, the mother of Antigonus, killed herself with poison. Meanwhile, Athens revolted. Demetrius therefore returned and

912:

He then covered his face with his cloak and burst into tears. The fate of Pyrrhus reminded him all too clearly of the tragic fates of his own grandfather and his father who had suffered similar swings of fortune. He then had Pyrrhus's body cremated with great ceremony.

461:. Hoping to seize Lysimachus' territories in Thrace and Asia, Demetrius delegated command of his forces in Boeotia to Antigonus and immediately marched north. While he was away, the Boeotians rose in rebellion, but were defeated by Antigonus, who bottled them up in 895:

and the next day dispatched a herald to Antigonus, calling him a coward and challenging him to come down and fight on the plain. Antigonus replied that he would choose his own moment to fight and that if Pyrrhus was weary of life, he could find many ways to die.

1181:, who had ruled with the acquiescence of Antigonus, freed the people, and recalled the exiles. This led to confusion and division within the city. Fearing that Antigonus would exploit these divisions to attack the city, Aratus applied for the city to join the 916:

better than what you did before, my son," he said, "but why leave him in these clothes which are a disgrace to us now that we know ourselves the victors?" Greeting him courteously, Antigonus treated Helenus as an honoured guest and sent him back to Epirus.

430:

The fate of Antigonus Gonatas, now 18, was closely tied with that of his father Demetrius, who escaped from the battle with 9,000 troops. Jealousy among the victors eventually allowed Demetrius to regain part of the power his father had lost. He conquered

679:

his men launch a surprise attack on the city with specially prepared ladders of the right height, they gained possession of the walls and summoned Antigonus. By the end of 276 BC Antigonus had gained control of most of Macedon.

1266:

schools. We're told that "many persons courted Antigonus and went to meet him whenever he came to Athens" and that after an unnamed sea battle, many Athenians went to see Antigonus or wrote him flattering letters.

495:, but he soon grew impatient and decided on a more dramatic course. Leaving Antigonus in charge of the war in Greece, he assembled all his ships and embarked with 11,000 infantry and all his cavalry to attack 570:, the son of Ptolemy, murdered Seleucus and seized the Macedonian throne. Antigonus decided the time was ripe to take back his father's kingdom, but when he marched north, Ptolemy Keraunos defeated his army. 1056:

The Macedonian king responded by ravaging the territory of Athens with an army while blockading them by sea. In this campaign he also destroyed the grove and temple of Poseidon that stood at the entrance to

671:, from the country. There were other pretenders, an Alexander and an Arrhidaeus, who might have been the same person. After defeating these, the final problem facing Antigonus was Apollodorus the tyrant of 809:

by his haughty behaviour. Needing reinforcements, he wrote to Antigonus as a fellow Greek king, asking him for troops and money, but Antigonus politely refused. In 275 BC, the Romans fought Pyrrhus at the

1238:. Every Athenian freeman he captured was sent back to the Athenians without ransom to encourage them to join the rebellion. The Macedonians, however, retained their hold on Athens and the rest of Greece. 442:

Because Antigonus Gonatas was the grandson of Antipater and the nephew of Cassander through his mother, his presence helped to reconcile the supporters of these former kings to the rule of his father.

486:

By now the Macedonians had come to resent the extravagance and arrogance of Demetrius, and were not prepared to fight a difficult campaign for him. In 287 BC, Pyrrhus took the Macedonian city of

1215:

and thus the Peloponnese. When news of this success reached Corinth, the Corinthians rose in rebellion, overthrew Antigonus' party, and joined the Achaean League. Next Aratus took the port of

3498: 1192:

Preferring to use guile rather than military power, Antigonus sought to regain control over Sicyon through winning the young man over to his side. Accordingly, he sent him a gift of 25

1025:

The next stage of Antigonus's career is not documented and what we know has been patched together from a few historical fragments: Antigonus seems to have been on very good terms with

651:

After his victory over the Celts, Antigonus marched towards Macedon and had to fight his way into the country for others were still contending for the throne. First Antigonus defeated

1784: 814:

which ended inconclusively, although many modern sources wrongly state that Pyrrhus lost the battle. Pyrrhus had been drained by his recent wars in Sicily, and by the earlier "

2925: 398:

The careers of Antigonus's grandfather Antigonus Monophthalmus and father showed great swings in fortune. After coming closer than anyone to reuniting the empire of

860:. Antigonus, after reoccupying part of Macedonia, gathered what forces he could and sailed to Greece to oppose him. As a large part of the Spartan army led by king 547:

in captivity in Syria. When Antigonus heard that his father's remains were being brought to him, he put to sea with his entire fleet, met Seleucus's ships near the

3960: 1166:

Having successfully repelled the external threat to his control of Greece, the main danger to the power of Antigonus lay in the Greek love of liberty. In 251 BC,

1290:, who was best known as resembling the Cynics, fell ill, Antigonus sent two servants to act as nurses to him, and Antigonus himself reputedly later visited him. 1207:

But Aratus was far from becoming a friend of Antigonus, whom he regarded as the oppressor of his city's freedom. In 243 BC, in an attack by night, he seized the

3516: 3950: 1989: 1833:

Weber, G.; Herrscher (1995). "Hof und Dichter. Aspekte der Legitimierung und Repräsentation hellenistischer Könige am Beispiel der ersten drei Antigoniden".

1196:, but, Aratus, instead of being corrupted by this wealth, immediately gave it away to his fellow citizens. With this money and another sum he received from 3955: 3477: 3468: 3458: 3454: 1654: 538:

In 285 BC, Demetrius, worn down by his fruitless campaign, surrendered to Seleucus. At this point, he wrote to his son and to his commanders in Athens and

3546: 1246:

Antigonus surrounded himself at court with a circle of notable intellectuals and philosophers. He was mentioned several times by Diogenes Laertius in

3499: 3451: 3449: 1321:

After Zeno's death, Antigonus reputedly exclaimed "What an audience I have lost!". Antigonus subsequently made a gift of three thousand drachmas to

1282:, a distinguished member of Phaedo's school of philosophy, about whether to attend a drinking party. Antigonus also knew the Pyrrhonist philosopher 395:

in 305 BC, was his uncle. The year of Antigonus Gonatas' birth, however, Antipater died, leading to further struggles for territory and dominance.

3491: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3471: 3465: 927:. His exile didn't last long, as the Macedonians had to abandon Epirus eventually under pressure from Alexander's allies, the Acarnanians and the 387:, who had controlled Macedonia and the rest of Greece since 334 BC and was recognized as regent of the empire, which in theory remained united. 3503: 3502: 1119:, was seized by Antiochus II. In 255 BC, Ptolemy made peace, ceding lands to the Seleucids and confirming Antigonus in his mastery of Greece. 714: 648:, who had ruled Macedon for several years, Antigonus had a legitimate claim to the Macedonian throne and now he was also seen as its savior. 60: 3494: 3492: 3482: 3474: 3467: 3463: 3450: 935:

who proved anxious to have good relations with Epirus' powerful neighbour, as was sanctioned by the marriage between the regent's daughter

3490: 3505: 1513: 1142: 514:

by the armies of Lysimachus and Seleucus, Antigonus attained success in Greece. Ptolemy's fleet was driven off and Athens surrendered.

3455: 3445: 3443: 3423: 1855: 1823: 1122:

Two years later, however, the Egyptian interfered again, inducing with his subsidies the Macedonian governor of Corinth and Euboea,

740: 126: 3501: 3495: 3459: 3453: 3446: 3444: 469: 107: 3975: 1982: 872:

with great hopes of taking the city easily, but the citizens organized stout resistance, allowing one of Antigonus's commanders,

79: 1095:

Ptolemy II continued to interfere in the affairs of Greece and this led to war in 261. After two years in which little changed,

3970: 1792: 640:, a Macedonian nobleman, had managed to check the Celts to a certain extent, but it was Antigonus who finally defeated them at 3539: 3497: 3496: 3448: 3106: 2998: 718: 581: 64: 3452: 3447: 1158:

advancing left, holding shield decorated with aegis, preparing to cast thunderbolt. Greek legend reads: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΝΤΙΓΟΝΟΥ,

479:

Such preparations and the obvious intent behind them, naturally alarmed the other kings, Seleucus, Ptolemy, Lysimachus, and

86: 3500: 3247: 3233: 3101: 3086: 2241: 1779: 967: 811: 527: 297: 621:

strengthening his claim to the Macedonian throne. Around this time, under these favourable omens, Antigonus's niece-wife

3391: 3096: 3081: 3056: 3033: 3013: 848:. Gathering an army of twenty-five thousand foot, two thousand horse, and twenty-four elephants, he crossed over to the 622: 251: 3295: 3280: 3091: 3076: 3061: 3046: 3003: 2975: 2186: 1975: 823: 93: 703: 3510: 3965: 3945: 3555: 3111: 3066: 3041: 3018: 2988: 2809: 1234:

enrolled in the Achaean League. With this increased strength, Aratus invaded the territory of Athens and plundered

589:

took the lead in defeating the Gauls. In 278 BC a Greek army with a large Aetolian contingent checked the Gauls at

1686: 722: 707: 53: 3532: 3507: 3485: 3466: 3457: 3023: 3008: 2911: 2868: 2694: 2447: 2091: 376: 75: 3708: 3488: 3338: 3270: 3256: 3251: 3242: 3228: 3214: 3204: 3071: 2993: 2921: 2906: 2873: 2863: 2739: 2452: 857: 578: 492: 159: 3483: 3475: 3460: 3187: 1420: 1397: 3464: 3935: 3735: 3696: 3650: 3318: 3285: 3238: 3224: 3116: 2983: 2930: 2896: 2888: 2837: 2832: 2518: 2342: 2221: 2155: 2063: 2030: 1959: 1905: 1888: 1602: 1358: 1286:. Menedemus and Timon had both previously studied with the Megarian school. When the eclectic philosopher 1197: 1066: 1015: 522: 31: 3506: 3504: 3481: 3473: 3472: 551:, and took the relics to Corinth with great ceremony. After this, the remains were interred at the town of 3940: 3853: 3784: 3768: 3763: 3680: 3655: 3645: 3615: 3487: 3486: 3478: 3469: 3416: 3353: 3219: 3051: 2940: 2935: 2901: 2858: 2827: 2699: 2624: 2561: 2538: 2457: 2442: 2432: 2427: 2412: 2352: 2347: 2332: 2201: 2106: 2096: 2058: 1610: 1127: 1011: 920: 645: 626: 436: 372: 287: 265: 221: 3730: 3713: 3686: 3670: 3665: 3489: 3379: 3374: 3358: 3328: 3194: 2960: 2916: 2853: 2649: 2639: 2586: 2581: 2437: 2417: 2407: 2402: 2387: 2377: 2337: 2216: 2211: 2191: 2181: 2165: 2160: 2025: 1259: 888: 3814: 3758: 3720: 3675: 3640: 3635: 3630: 3620: 3512: 3479: 3470: 3462: 3364: 3343: 3146: 2965: 2817: 2392: 2372: 2289: 2279: 2246: 2196: 2073: 2053: 2015: 1915: 1279: 1123: 1116: 999: 873: 641: 637: 618: 563: 180: 3461: 3456: 476:

grand scale, ordering the construction of a fleet of 500 ships, many of them of unprecedented size.

148: 3863: 3858: 3725: 3625: 3595: 3583: 3514: 3313: 3265: 3260: 3151: 2955: 2848: 2842: 2704: 2422: 2357: 2299: 2226: 2206: 2170: 2116: 2111: 2020: 1385: 1287: 1070: 1034: 1019: 991: 975: 936: 884: 853: 837: 609: 605: 399: 368: 332: 3511: 3509: 758: 100: 3868: 3745: 3660: 3569: 3333: 3182: 2764: 2616: 2327: 2317: 2284: 2121: 2040: 1998: 1648: 1598: 1212: 1096: 1074: 932: 880: 419: 380: 3513: 562:

In 282 BC, Seleucus declared war on Lysimachus and the next year defeated and killed him at the

3508: 931:. Alexander seems to have died about 242 BC, leaving his country under the regency of his wife 3840: 3825: 3809: 3789: 3701: 3576: 3409: 3401: 3369: 3348: 3303: 2950: 2878: 2724: 2362: 2322: 2137: 2083: 2068: 1942: 1932: 1895: 1851: 1819: 1761: 1721: 1695: 1483: 1381: 1178: 1131: 1026: 1007: 782: 652: 480: 336: 277: 258: 211: 190: 3891: 3799: 3493: 3126: 2945: 2596: 2480: 2382: 2175: 2150: 1751: 1630: 1393: 1338: 1315: 1167: 1155: 1050: 948: 660: 567: 531: 511: 343:

after a long period defined by anarchy and chaos and acquired fame for his victory over the

1037:, the sister of Antigonus, is very famous. Such an alliance naturally threatened the third 3804: 2822: 2779: 2714: 2674: 2490: 2367: 2309: 2274: 2266: 2145: 1949: 1922: 1796: 1739: 1606: 1283: 1251: 1193: 1085: 1042: 1038: 1030: 971: 928: 869: 815: 586: 411: 403: 1729:

Adams, W. L. "Alexander's Successors to 221 BC". In Roisman, J.; Worthington, I. (eds.).

1560: 953: 363:. The origin of the Hellenistic nickname Gonatas is unknown. He was descended from the 3607: 3199: 2769: 2709: 2397: 2007: 1677: 1294: 1235: 1182: 818:" over the Romans, and thus decided to end his campaign in Italy and return to Epirus. 794: 771: 573:

Ptolemy's success, however, was short-lived. In the winter of 279 BC, a great horde of

462: 309: 1084:

The Seleucid Empire had signed a peace treaty with Egypt, but Antiochus's son-in-law,

3929: 3167: 3156: 2654: 2644: 2601: 2566: 2294: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1643: 1614: 1089: 1065:. To support the Athenians and prevent the power of Antigonus from growing too much, 802: 1789: 1222:

This setback for Antigonus sparked a general uprising against Macedonian power. The

3209: 3172: 3136: 2789: 2774: 2689: 2629: 2591: 2571: 2556: 2231: 1325:, Zeno's successor as head of the Stoa, whose lectures he also attended. The poet 836:

Before this campaign was finished, Pyrrhus had embarked upon a new one. In 272 BC,

454: 1871: 644:

and freed the Macedonians from years of terror, hardship and anarchy. As a son of

406:

in 301 BC and the territory he formerly controlled was divided among his enemies,

17: 2749: 2744: 2684: 2669: 2606: 2551: 2528: 2523: 2498: 2236: 1208: 1100: 1049:

persuaded the Athenians to join the Spartans in declaring war on Antigonus (see

1046: 987: 979: 849: 692: 672: 590: 42: 1200:, he was able to reconcile the different parties in Sicyon and unite the city. 1069:, the king of Egypt, sent a fleet to break the blockade. The Egyptian admiral, 468:

After the failure of his expedition to Thrace, Demetrius joined his son at the

3794: 3308: 3275: 3141: 2799: 2659: 2546: 2513: 2475: 2467: 1622: 1392:

was set by a number of other 18th-century composers, among them the Bohemians

1306:

became an important figure at the Macedonian court. After Antigonus captured

1255: 1147: 966:

says, "No man ever set up more absolute rulers in Greece than Antigonus." The

668: 664: 613: 601: 507: 415: 1765: 1756: 1682: 1329:, who had also studied Stoicism under Zeno, lived at the court of Antigonus. 3884: 3753: 3177: 3161: 2794: 2784: 2759: 2729: 2634: 2576: 2508: 2503: 2256: 2251: 2126: 2048: 1626: 1322: 1271: 1231: 1151: 1108: 995: 924: 656: 552: 407: 388: 384: 1357:

In 239 BC, Antigonus died at the age of 80 and left his kingdom to his son

1099:, the new Seleucid king, made a military agreement with Antigonus, and the 1690: 1250:, in relation to various philosophers, particularly those linked with the 3432: 2754: 2679: 2664: 1716: 1672: 1374: 1346: 1299: 1263: 1104: 963: 892: 798: 763: 556: 548: 364: 1647: 1314:. Persaeus died in 243 BC defending the city against the attack led by 3323: 2719: 1816:

The making of a king : Antigonus Gonatas of Macedon and the Greeks

1658:. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 125. 1362: 1307: 1293:

Ultimately, though, Antigonus became most associated with the Stoics.

1227: 1216: 1112: 1078: 919:

This was not the end of Antigonus' problems with Epirus: shortly after

861: 845: 830: 566:

in Lydia. He then crossed to Europe to claim Thrace and Macedonia, but

539: 446: 392: 348: 340: 272: 2734: 1967: 1800: 1618: 1594: 1590: 1342: 1326: 1311: 1223: 1211:, the strategically important fort by which Antigonus controlled the 1186: 1175: 1171: 1062: 1058: 1003: 983: 841: 806: 786: 767: 594: 450: 432: 360: 319: 3524: 1302:

and Philonides the Theban, who subsequently lived with Antigonus.

1278:

which was very popular". We're also told that Antigonus consulted

865: 790: 574: 500: 496: 487: 458: 1806:

F. W. Walbank, "Antigonus Gonatus in Thrace (281–277 B.C.)," in

344: 3528: 3405: 1971: 402:, Antigonus Monophthalmus was defeated and killed in the great 3442: 686: 36: 313: 3594: 1373:

The life of Antigonus is the basis of the story line of the

1134:

and regained control of Corinth in the winter of 245/44 BC.

805:. He then lost the support of the Greek cities in Italy and 766:, with flowing locks bound with marine plant. Reverse shows 597:, inflicting heavy casualties and forcing them to retreat. 30:"Antigonus II" redirects here. For the Judean prince, see 1310:

around 244 BC, he put Persaeus in control of the city as

829:

But Pyrrhus now wasted his victory. Taking possession of

371:) on both his father's and mother's side. His father was 1593:

has been won here, on the borders, and even six hundred

453:

and the enemy of his father, had been taken prisoner by

1103:

began. Under the combined attack, Egypt lost ground in

879:

The most important Peloponnesian city after Sparta was

1785:

Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology

435:

and in 294 BC he seized the throne of Macedonia from

3877: 3839: 3777: 3744: 3606: 3562: 3294: 3125: 3032: 2974: 2887: 2808: 2615: 2537: 2489: 2466: 2308: 2265: 2136: 2082: 2039: 2006: 762:Coin of Antigonus II Gonatas. Obverse with head of 379:, who then controlled much of Asia. His mother was 293: 283: 271: 257: 247: 239: 231: 227: 217: 207: 196: 186: 176: 165: 158: 141: 67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1580:Diogenes Laertius, Lives and Opinions, 'Cleanthes' 1504:Diogenes Laertius, Lives and Opinions, 'Menedemus' 1388:in 1744. As with most of Metastasio's librettos, 1874:entry in historical sourcebook by Mahlon H. Smith 1081:and fortified it as a base for naval operations. 793:and then Africa, he got involved in wars against 449:, he received news that Lysimachus, the ruler of 600:The next year (277 BC), Antigonus sailed to the 1744:Karanos. Bulletin of Ancient Macedonian Studies 1601:rules, beyond there where the four kings named 1495:Diogenes Laertius, Lives and Opinions, Euclides 1341:as one of the recipients of the Indian Emperor 1514:Diogenes Laertius, Lives and Opinions, 'Timon' 1274:taught Antigonus "and dedicated to him a work 1248:The Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers 1154:, on boss of Macedonian shield. Reverse shows 801:, the two most powerful states in the western 445:In 292 BC, while Demetrius was campaigning in 3540: 3417: 1983: 1571:Diogenes Laertius, Lives and Opinions, 'Zeno' 1533:Diogenes Laertius, Lives and Opinions, 'Zeno' 1524:Diogenes Laertius, Lives and Opinions, 'Bion' 612:. When an army of Gauls under the command of 543:Pyrrhus out and took over the whole kingdom. 8: 1733:. Oxford and Malden: 2010. pp. 208–224. 1597:(5,400–9,600 km) away, where the Greek king 970:installed or maintained by Gonatas include: 534:, c. 40 BC, Archaeological Museum of Naples. 1774:Antigonus II Gonatas: A Political Biography 721:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 3547: 3533: 3525: 3424: 3410: 3402: 1990: 1976: 1968: 1877: 391:, Antipater's oldest son who would become 147: 138: 1755: 741:Learn how and when to remove this message 335:ruler who solidified the position of the 127:Learn how and when to remove this message 1141: 952: 757: 521: 1846:Wheatley, Pat; Dunn, Charlotte (2020). 1740:"The Regnal Years of Antigonos Gonatas" 1557:Description of Greece, Book II: Corinth 1409: 939:and Antigonus' son and heir Demetrius. 774:inscription reads: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΝΤΙΓΟΝΟΥ, 27:King of Macedonia from 277 BC to 239 BC 1613:rule, likewise in the south among the 1219:and captured 25 of Antigonus's ships. 3961:Buddhism in the ancient Mediterranean 2922:Mithridates IV Philopator Philadephos 625:gave birth to his son and successor, 7: 3914:Debatable or disputed rulers are in 3390:Hellenistic rulers were preceded by 1415: 1413: 1018:, (Megalopolis, c. 245–235 BC), and 1002:(Megalopolis, assassinated 252 BC), 719:adding citations to reliable sources 526:Antigonus II Gonatas and his mother 65:adding citations to reliable sources 3951:People from Larissa (regional unit) 1850:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1818:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 3956:3rd-century BC Macedonian monarchs 3433:The division of Alexander's empire 1486:, Lives and Opinions, 'Arcesilaus' 1170:, a young nobleman in the city of 1150:mint. Obverse with horned head of 359:Antigonus Gonatas was born around 25: 1808:Studia in Honorem Georgi Mihailov 1544:Lives of the Eminent Philosophers 957:Northern border at around 240 BC. 1633:, 13th Rock Edict, S. Dhammika). 691: 633:Conquering the Macedonian throne 41: 1226:revolted and together with the 770:seated naked, holding bow. The 555:that his father had founded in 506:As Demetrius was chased across 52:needs additional citations for 1337:Antigonus is mentioned in the 1242:Relationship with philosophers 1033:ruler of Asia, whose love for 1014:(Argos, assassinated 240 BC), 778:, meaning "of king Antigonus." 243:239 BC (aged approximately 80) 1: 3394:in most of their territories. 2192:Cleopatra II Philometor Soter 1146:Silver coin of Antigonus II. 990:(Elis, assassinated 272 BC), 986:(Keryneia, resigned 275 BC), 325: 298:Phila (daughter of Antipater) 3899:Pseudo-Philip/Pseudo-Perseus 1365:is suggested to be his own. 1130:Antigonus took in his widow 530:, detail of a fresco of the 320: 252:Phila (daughter of Seleucus) 2187:Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator 503:, provinces of Lysimachus. 3992: 1814:Waterfield, Robin (2021). 1700:Epitome of Pompeius Trogus 1189:towns in the Peloponnese. 1185:, a league of a few small 1124:Alexander, son of Craterus 1075:a small uninhabited island 946: 314: 29: 3912: 3878:Post-Conquest Rebel Kings 3726:Alexander III (the Great) 3592: 3439: 3388: 2092:Antigonus I Monophthalmus 1956: 1947: 1939: 1929: 1920: 1912: 1902: 1893: 1885: 1880: 1649:"Antigonus Gonatas" 1394:Christoph Willibald Gluck 1270:The Megarian philosopher 974:(Sicyon, c. 300–280 BC), 754:Antigonus against Pyrrhus 377:Antigonus I Monophthalmus 153:Coin of Antigonus Gonatas 146: 2453:Antiochus XIII Asiaticus 2252:Cleopatra VII Philopator 1731:A Companion to Macedonia 1384:, first set to music by 1138:Antigonus against Aratus 982:(Sicyon c. 280–270 BC), 844:, invited him to invade 824:Battle of the Aous River 439:, the son of Cassander. 3976:Demetrius I Poliorcetes 3250:'s attempted rule with 2931:Mithridates V Euergetes 2343:Antiochus III the Great 2156:Ptolemy II Philadelphus 2097:Demetrius I Poliorcetes 2021:Alexander III the Great 1889:Demetrius I Poliorcetes 1655:Encyclopædia Britannica 1198:Ptolemy II Philadelphus 1067:Ptolemy II Philadelphus 32:Antigonus II Mattathias 3971:Ancient Greek monarchs 3600: 3034:Monarchs of Cappadocia 2936:Mithridates VI Eupator 2458:Philip II Philoromaeus 2443:Antiochus XII Dionysus 2433:Demetrius III Eucaerus 2428:Antiochus XI Epiphanes 2413:Antiochus IX Cyzicenus 2353:Antiochus IV Epiphanes 2348:Seleucus IV Philopator 2333:Seleucus II Callinicus 2232:Cleopatra VI Tryphaena 2107:Demetrius II Aetolicus 1960:Demetrius II Aetolicus 1906:Demetrius II Aetolicus 1848:Demetrius the Besieger 1757:10.5565/rev/karanos.73 1738:Coskun, Altay (2021). 1163: 1162:, "of King Antigonus." 1128:Demetrius II Aetolicus 1006:(Sicyon, 252–251 BC), 998:(Sicyon, 264–252 BC), 994:(Argos, from 272 BC), 958: 779: 627:Demetrius II Aetolicus 582:descended on Macedonia 535: 76:"Antigonus II Gonatas" 3598: 2976:Monarchs of Commagene 2897:Mithridates I Ctistes 2438:Philip I Philadelphus 2418:Seleucus VI Epiphanes 2408:Antiochus VIII Grypus 2403:Seleucus V Philometor 2388:Antiochus VII Sidetes 2378:Antiochus VI Dionysus 2338:Seleucus III Ceraunus 2237:Berenice IV Epiphanea 2182:Ptolemy VI Philometor 2166:Ptolemy IV Philopator 2161:Ptolemy III Euergetes 2026:Philip III Arrhidaeus 1145: 1061:near the border with 1022:(Argos, 240–235 BC). 956: 883:. The two chief men, 868:at the time, Pyrrhus 761: 525: 375:, himself the son of 373:Demetrius Poliorcetes 288:Demetrius Poliorcetes 2810:Monarchs of Bithynia 2393:Alexander II Zabinas 2373:Demetrius II Nicator 2290:Ptolemy VIII Physcon 2257:Ptolemy XV Caesarion 2222:Ptolemy XI Alexander 2197:Ptolemy VIII Physcon 2102:Antigonus II Gonatas 1872:Antigonus II Gonatas 1333:Relations with India 1280:Menedemus of Eretria 1115:, held by its ally, 1000:Aristodemus the Good 992:Aristippus the Elder 812:Battle of Beneventum 715:improve this section 619:Battle of Lysimachia 564:Battle of Corupedium 347:who had invaded the 306:Antigonus II Gonatas 142:Antigonus II Gonatas 61:improve this article 3392:Hellenistic satraps 2423:Antiochus X Eusebes 2358:Antiochus V Eupator 2300:Cleopatra Selene II 2227:Ptolemy XII Auletes 2212:Ptolemy X Alexander 2207:Ptolemy IX Lathyros 2171:Ptolemy V Epiphanes 2112:Antigonus III Doson 1790:"Antigonus Gonatas" 1725:, 2.43–45, 9.29, 34 1542:Diogenes Laertius, 1421:"Antigonus Gonatas" 1386:Johann Adolph Hasse 1353:Death and appraisal 1288:Bion of Borysthenes 874:Aminias the Phocian 610:Thracian Chersonese 608:at the neck of the 577:under their leader 369:Alexander the Great 367:(the successors of 266:Demetrius Aetolicus 222:Demetrius Aetolicus 3746:Antipatrid dynasty 3601: 3296:Monarchs of Epirus 3129:Cimmerian Bosporus 2889:Monarchs of Pontus 2448:Cleopatra Selene I 2328:Antiochus II Theos 2318:Seleucus I Nicator 2285:Demetrius the Fair 2267:Monarchs of Cyrene 1795:2007-10-30 at the 1470:Robin Waterfield, 1457:Robin Waterfield, 1444:Robin Waterfield, 1213:Isthmus of Corinth 1164: 1160:Basileōs Antigonou 1111:, and the city of 1097:Antiochus II Theos 1010:(Sicyon, 251 BC), 959: 780: 776:Basileōs Antigonou 536: 426:Demetrius’ general 383:, the daughter of 3966:Pyrrhus of Epirus 3946:Antigonid dynasty 3923: 3922: 3841:Antigonid dynasty 3830: 3778:Dynastic conflict 3703:Ptolemy of Aloros 3691: 3522: 3521: 3399: 3398: 2879:Socrates Chrestus 2368:Alexander I Balas 2363:Demetrius I Soter 2323:Antiochus I Soter 2069:Antipater Etesias 1966: 1965: 1957:Succeeded by 1930:Succeeded by 1903:Succeeded by 1772:Gabbert, Janice; 1589:"The conquest by 1484:Diogenes Laertius 1382:Pietro Metastasio 1101:Second Syrian War 816:Pyrrhic victories 751: 750: 743: 683:King of Macedonia 653:Antipater Etesias 518:In the wilderness 493:besieged the city 457:, a ruler of the 337:Antigonid dynasty 315:Ἀντίγονος Γονατᾶς 303: 302: 278:Antigonid dynasty 212:Pyrrhus of Epirus 191:Pyrrhus of Epirus 160:King of Macedonia 137: 136: 129: 111: 18:Antigonus Gonatas 16:(Redirected from 3983: 3893:Pseudo-Alexander 3824: 3800:Ptolemy Ceraunus 3685: 3556:Kings of Macedon 3549: 3542: 3535: 3526: 3426: 3419: 3412: 3403: 3191: 3107:Ariobarzanes III 2481:Ptolemy Epigonos 2383:Diodotus Tryphon 2176:Cleopatra I Syra 2151:Ptolemy Keraunos 1992: 1985: 1978: 1969: 1940:Preceded by 1913:Preceded by 1886:Preceded by 1878: 1861: 1842: 1829: 1769: 1759: 1734: 1660: 1659: 1651: 1640: 1634: 1631:Edicts of Ashoka 1621:, and as far as 1587: 1581: 1578: 1572: 1569: 1563: 1553: 1547: 1540: 1534: 1531: 1525: 1522: 1516: 1511: 1505: 1502: 1496: 1493: 1487: 1481: 1475: 1468: 1462: 1455: 1449: 1442: 1436: 1435: 1433: 1431: 1425:Oxford Reference 1417: 1398:Josef Mysliveček 1339:Edicts of Ashoka 1316:Aratus of Sicyon 1156:Athena Alkidemos 1051:Chremonidean War 949:Chremonidean War 943:Chremonidean War 746: 739: 735: 732: 726: 695: 687: 661:Ptolemy Epigonos 659:, he then drove 568:Ptolemy Keraunos 512:Taurus Mountains 355:Birth and family 333:Macedonian Greek 331:– 239 BC) was a 330: 327: 323: 317: 316: 151: 139: 132: 125: 121: 118: 112: 110: 69: 45: 37: 21: 3991: 3990: 3986: 3985: 3984: 3982: 3981: 3980: 3926: 3925: 3924: 3919: 3908: 3873: 3835: 3773: 3740: 3602: 3590: 3558: 3553: 3523: 3518: 3517: 3515: 3435: 3430: 3400: 3395: 3384: 3290: 3281:Mithridates III 3185: 3128: 3127:Monarchs of the 3121: 3102:Ariobarzanes II 3087:Ariarathes VIII 3028: 3014:Mithridates III 2970: 2912:Mithridates III 2883: 2804: 2611: 2539:Greco-Bactrians 2533: 2485: 2462: 2304: 2261: 2146:Ptolemy I Soter 2132: 2078: 2035: 2002: 1996: 1962: 1953: 1950:King of Macedon 1945: 1935: 1926: 1923:King of Macedon 1918: 1908: 1899: 1891: 1868: 1858: 1845: 1832: 1826: 1813: 1797:Wayback Machine 1737: 1728: 1669: 1664: 1663: 1642: 1641: 1637: 1588: 1584: 1579: 1575: 1570: 1566: 1554: 1550: 1541: 1537: 1532: 1528: 1523: 1519: 1512: 1508: 1503: 1499: 1494: 1490: 1482: 1478: 1469: 1465: 1456: 1452: 1443: 1439: 1429: 1427: 1419: 1418: 1411: 1406: 1371: 1355: 1335: 1284:Timon of Phlius 1244: 1174:, expelled the 1140: 1043:Ptolemaic Egypt 1039:successor state 951: 945: 870:besieged Sparta 840:, an important 756: 747: 736: 730: 727: 712: 696: 685: 635: 604:, landing near 520: 470:Siege of Thebes 428: 404:Battle of Ipsus 393:King of Macedon 357: 328: 264: 154: 133: 122: 116: 113: 70: 68: 58: 46: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3989: 3987: 3979: 3978: 3973: 3968: 3963: 3958: 3953: 3948: 3943: 3938: 3936:320s BC births 3928: 3927: 3921: 3920: 3913: 3910: 3909: 3907: 3906: 3901: 3896: 3889: 3881: 3879: 3875: 3874: 3872: 3871: 3866: 3861: 3856: 3851: 3845: 3843: 3837: 3836: 3834: 3833: 3832: 3831: 3817: 3812: 3807: 3802: 3797: 3792: 3787: 3781: 3779: 3775: 3774: 3772: 3771: 3766: 3761: 3756: 3750: 3748: 3742: 3741: 3739: 3738: 3733: 3728: 3723: 3718: 3711: 3706: 3699: 3694: 3693: 3692: 3678: 3673: 3668: 3663: 3658: 3653: 3648: 3643: 3638: 3633: 3628: 3623: 3618: 3612: 3610: 3608:Argead dynasty 3604: 3603: 3593: 3591: 3589: 3588: 3581: 3574: 3566: 3564: 3560: 3559: 3554: 3552: 3551: 3544: 3537: 3529: 3520: 3519: 3441: 3440: 3437: 3436: 3431: 3429: 3428: 3421: 3414: 3406: 3397: 3396: 3389: 3386: 3385: 3383: 3382: 3377: 3372: 3367: 3362: 3356: 3351: 3346: 3341: 3339:Neoptolemus II 3336: 3331: 3326: 3321: 3316: 3311: 3306: 3300: 3298: 3292: 3291: 3289: 3288: 3283: 3278: 3273: 3268: 3263: 3254: 3245: 3236: 3234:Mithridates II 3231: 3222: 3217: 3212: 3207: 3202: 3200:Paerisades III 3197: 3192: 3180: 3175: 3170: 3165: 3159: 3154: 3149: 3144: 3139: 3133: 3131: 3123: 3122: 3120: 3119: 3114: 3109: 3104: 3099: 3097:Ariobarzanes I 3094: 3089: 3084: 3082:Ariarathes VII 3079: 3074: 3069: 3064: 3059: 3057:Ariarathes III 3054: 3049: 3044: 3038: 3036: 3030: 3029: 3027: 3026: 3021: 3016: 3011: 3006: 3004:Mithridates II 3001: 2996: 2991: 2986: 2980: 2978: 2972: 2971: 2969: 2968: 2963: 2958: 2953: 2948: 2943: 2938: 2933: 2928: 2919: 2914: 2909: 2907:Mithridates II 2904: 2899: 2893: 2891: 2885: 2884: 2882: 2881: 2876: 2871: 2866: 2861: 2856: 2851: 2846: 2840: 2835: 2830: 2825: 2820: 2814: 2812: 2806: 2805: 2803: 2802: 2797: 2792: 2787: 2782: 2777: 2772: 2770:Apollodotus II 2767: 2762: 2757: 2752: 2747: 2742: 2737: 2732: 2727: 2722: 2717: 2712: 2707: 2702: 2697: 2692: 2687: 2682: 2677: 2672: 2667: 2662: 2657: 2652: 2647: 2642: 2637: 2632: 2627: 2621: 2619: 2613: 2612: 2610: 2609: 2604: 2599: 2594: 2589: 2584: 2579: 2574: 2569: 2564: 2559: 2554: 2549: 2543: 2541: 2535: 2534: 2532: 2531: 2526: 2521: 2516: 2511: 2506: 2501: 2495: 2493: 2487: 2486: 2484: 2483: 2478: 2472: 2470: 2464: 2463: 2461: 2460: 2455: 2450: 2445: 2440: 2435: 2430: 2425: 2420: 2415: 2410: 2405: 2400: 2398:Cleopatra Thea 2395: 2390: 2385: 2380: 2375: 2370: 2365: 2360: 2355: 2350: 2345: 2340: 2335: 2330: 2325: 2320: 2314: 2312: 2306: 2305: 2303: 2302: 2297: 2292: 2287: 2282: 2277: 2271: 2269: 2263: 2262: 2260: 2259: 2254: 2249: 2244: 2239: 2234: 2229: 2224: 2219: 2214: 2209: 2204: 2199: 2194: 2189: 2184: 2179: 2173: 2168: 2163: 2158: 2153: 2148: 2142: 2140: 2134: 2133: 2131: 2130: 2124: 2119: 2114: 2109: 2104: 2099: 2094: 2088: 2086: 2080: 2079: 2077: 2076: 2071: 2066: 2061: 2056: 2051: 2045: 2043: 2037: 2036: 2034: 2033: 2028: 2023: 2018: 2012: 2010: 2004: 2003: 1997: 1995: 1994: 1987: 1980: 1972: 1964: 1963: 1958: 1955: 1946: 1941: 1937: 1936: 1931: 1928: 1919: 1914: 1910: 1909: 1904: 1901: 1896:Antigonid King 1892: 1887: 1883: 1882: 1881:Regnal titles 1876: 1875: 1867: 1866:External links 1864: 1863: 1862: 1857:978-0198836049 1856: 1843: 1830: 1824: 1811: 1810:(Sofia, 1995), 1804: 1780:Smith, William 1777: 1770: 1735: 1726: 1714: 1693: 1678:Parallel Lives 1668: 1665: 1662: 1661: 1646:, ed. (1911). 1644:Chisholm, Hugh 1635: 1582: 1573: 1564: 1548: 1535: 1526: 1517: 1506: 1497: 1488: 1476: 1463: 1450: 1437: 1408: 1407: 1405: 1402: 1370: 1367: 1354: 1351: 1334: 1331: 1295:Zeno of Citium 1243: 1240: 1183:Achaean League 1139: 1136: 947:Main article: 944: 941: 755: 752: 749: 748: 699: 697: 690: 684: 681: 655:, a nephew of 634: 631: 519: 516: 427: 424: 356: 353: 301: 300: 295: 291: 290: 285: 281: 280: 275: 269: 268: 261: 255: 254: 249: 245: 244: 241: 237: 236: 233: 229: 228: 225: 224: 219: 215: 214: 209: 205: 204: 198: 194: 193: 188: 184: 183: 178: 174: 173: 167: 163: 162: 156: 155: 152: 144: 143: 135: 134: 49: 47: 40: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3988: 3977: 3974: 3972: 3969: 3967: 3964: 3962: 3959: 3957: 3954: 3952: 3949: 3947: 3944: 3942: 3941:239 BC deaths 3939: 3937: 3934: 3933: 3931: 3917: 3911: 3905: 3902: 3900: 3897: 3895: 3894: 3890: 3888: 3887: 3883: 3882: 3880: 3876: 3870: 3867: 3865: 3862: 3860: 3859:Antigonus III 3857: 3855: 3852: 3850: 3847: 3846: 3844: 3842: 3838: 3829: 3828: 3823: 3822: 3821: 3818: 3816: 3813: 3811: 3808: 3806: 3803: 3801: 3798: 3796: 3793: 3791: 3788: 3786: 3783: 3782: 3780: 3776: 3770: 3767: 3765: 3762: 3760: 3757: 3755: 3752: 3751: 3749: 3747: 3743: 3737: 3734: 3732: 3729: 3727: 3724: 3722: 3719: 3717: 3716: 3712: 3710: 3709:Perdiccas III 3707: 3705: 3704: 3700: 3698: 3695: 3690: 3689: 3684: 3683: 3682: 3679: 3677: 3674: 3672: 3669: 3667: 3664: 3662: 3659: 3657: 3654: 3652: 3649: 3647: 3644: 3642: 3639: 3637: 3634: 3632: 3629: 3627: 3624: 3622: 3619: 3617: 3614: 3613: 3611: 3609: 3605: 3597: 3587: 3586: 3582: 3580: 3579: 3575: 3573: 3572: 3568: 3567: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3550: 3545: 3543: 3538: 3536: 3531: 3530: 3527: 3438: 3434: 3427: 3422: 3420: 3415: 3413: 3408: 3407: 3404: 3393: 3387: 3381: 3378: 3376: 3373: 3371: 3368: 3366: 3363: 3360: 3357: 3355: 3352: 3350: 3347: 3345: 3342: 3340: 3337: 3335: 3332: 3330: 3327: 3325: 3322: 3320: 3319:Neoptolemus I 3317: 3315: 3312: 3310: 3307: 3305: 3302: 3301: 3299: 3297: 3293: 3287: 3284: 3282: 3279: 3277: 3274: 3272: 3269: 3267: 3264: 3262: 3258: 3255: 3253: 3249: 3246: 3244: 3240: 3237: 3235: 3232: 3230: 3226: 3223: 3221: 3218: 3216: 3215:Mithridates I 3213: 3211: 3208: 3206: 3205:Paerisades IV 3203: 3201: 3198: 3196: 3193: 3189: 3184: 3181: 3179: 3176: 3174: 3171: 3169: 3168:Paerisades II 3166: 3163: 3160: 3158: 3157:Spartokos III 3155: 3153: 3150: 3148: 3145: 3143: 3140: 3138: 3135: 3134: 3132: 3130: 3124: 3118: 3115: 3113: 3110: 3108: 3105: 3103: 3100: 3098: 3095: 3093: 3092:Ariarathes IX 3090: 3088: 3085: 3083: 3080: 3078: 3077:Ariarathes VI 3075: 3073: 3070: 3068: 3065: 3063: 3062:Ariarathes IV 3060: 3058: 3055: 3053: 3050: 3048: 3047:Ariarathes II 3045: 3043: 3040: 3039: 3037: 3035: 3031: 3025: 3022: 3020: 3019:Antiochus III 3017: 3015: 3012: 3010: 3007: 3005: 3002: 3000: 2997: 2995: 2994:Mithridates I 2992: 2990: 2987: 2985: 2982: 2981: 2979: 2977: 2973: 2967: 2964: 2962: 2959: 2957: 2954: 2952: 2949: 2947: 2944: 2942: 2939: 2937: 2934: 2932: 2929: 2927: 2923: 2920: 2918: 2915: 2913: 2910: 2908: 2905: 2903: 2900: 2898: 2895: 2894: 2892: 2890: 2886: 2880: 2877: 2875: 2872: 2870: 2869:Nicomedes III 2867: 2865: 2862: 2860: 2857: 2855: 2852: 2850: 2847: 2844: 2841: 2839: 2836: 2834: 2831: 2829: 2826: 2824: 2821: 2819: 2816: 2815: 2813: 2811: 2807: 2801: 2798: 2796: 2793: 2791: 2788: 2786: 2783: 2781: 2778: 2776: 2773: 2771: 2768: 2766: 2763: 2761: 2758: 2756: 2753: 2751: 2748: 2746: 2743: 2741: 2738: 2736: 2733: 2731: 2728: 2726: 2723: 2721: 2718: 2716: 2713: 2711: 2708: 2706: 2703: 2701: 2700:Demetrius III 2698: 2696: 2693: 2691: 2688: 2686: 2683: 2681: 2678: 2676: 2673: 2671: 2668: 2666: 2663: 2661: 2658: 2656: 2655:Antimachus II 2653: 2651: 2648: 2646: 2645:Apollodotus I 2643: 2641: 2638: 2636: 2633: 2631: 2628: 2626: 2623: 2622: 2620: 2618: 2614: 2608: 2605: 2603: 2602:Eucratides II 2600: 2598: 2595: 2593: 2590: 2588: 2585: 2583: 2580: 2578: 2575: 2573: 2570: 2568: 2567:Euthydemus II 2565: 2563: 2560: 2558: 2555: 2553: 2550: 2548: 2545: 2544: 2542: 2540: 2536: 2530: 2527: 2525: 2522: 2520: 2517: 2515: 2512: 2510: 2507: 2505: 2502: 2500: 2497: 2496: 2494: 2492: 2488: 2482: 2479: 2477: 2474: 2473: 2471: 2469: 2465: 2459: 2456: 2454: 2451: 2449: 2446: 2444: 2441: 2439: 2436: 2434: 2431: 2429: 2426: 2424: 2421: 2419: 2416: 2414: 2411: 2409: 2406: 2404: 2401: 2399: 2396: 2394: 2391: 2389: 2386: 2384: 2381: 2379: 2376: 2374: 2371: 2369: 2366: 2364: 2361: 2359: 2356: 2354: 2351: 2349: 2346: 2344: 2341: 2339: 2336: 2334: 2331: 2329: 2326: 2324: 2321: 2319: 2316: 2315: 2313: 2311: 2307: 2301: 2298: 2296: 2295:Ptolemy Apion 2293: 2291: 2288: 2286: 2283: 2281: 2278: 2276: 2273: 2272: 2270: 2268: 2264: 2258: 2255: 2253: 2250: 2248: 2245: 2243: 2240: 2238: 2235: 2233: 2230: 2228: 2225: 2223: 2220: 2218: 2215: 2213: 2210: 2208: 2205: 2203: 2202:Cleopatra III 2200: 2198: 2195: 2193: 2190: 2188: 2185: 2183: 2180: 2177: 2174: 2172: 2169: 2167: 2164: 2162: 2159: 2157: 2154: 2152: 2149: 2147: 2144: 2143: 2141: 2139: 2135: 2128: 2125: 2123: 2120: 2118: 2115: 2113: 2110: 2108: 2105: 2103: 2100: 2098: 2095: 2093: 2090: 2089: 2087: 2085: 2081: 2075: 2072: 2070: 2067: 2065: 2062: 2060: 2057: 2055: 2052: 2050: 2047: 2046: 2044: 2042: 2038: 2032: 2029: 2027: 2024: 2022: 2019: 2017: 2014: 2013: 2011: 2009: 2005: 2000: 1993: 1988: 1986: 1981: 1979: 1974: 1973: 1970: 1961: 1952: 1951: 1944: 1938: 1934: 1925: 1924: 1917: 1911: 1907: 1898: 1897: 1890: 1884: 1879: 1873: 1870: 1869: 1865: 1859: 1853: 1849: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1831: 1827: 1825:9780198853015 1821: 1817: 1812: 1809: 1805: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1791: 1787: 1786: 1781: 1778: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1758: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1736: 1732: 1727: 1724: 1723: 1718: 1715: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1694: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1679: 1674: 1671: 1670: 1666: 1657: 1656: 1650: 1645: 1639: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1605:, Antigonos, 1604: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1586: 1583: 1577: 1574: 1568: 1565: 1562: 1558: 1552: 1549: 1545: 1539: 1536: 1530: 1527: 1521: 1518: 1515: 1510: 1507: 1501: 1498: 1492: 1489: 1485: 1480: 1477: 1474:, pp 120–121. 1473: 1467: 1464: 1461:, pp 119–120. 1460: 1454: 1451: 1448:, pp 118–119. 1447: 1441: 1438: 1426: 1422: 1416: 1414: 1410: 1403: 1401: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1376: 1368: 1366: 1364: 1360: 1352: 1350: 1349:proselytism. 1348: 1344: 1340: 1332: 1330: 1328: 1324: 1319: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1303: 1301: 1296: 1291: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1268: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1241: 1239: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1220: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1205: 1201: 1199: 1195: 1190: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1144: 1137: 1135: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1120: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1093: 1091: 1087: 1082: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1054: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1023: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 985: 981: 977: 973: 969: 965: 955: 950: 942: 940: 938: 934: 930: 926: 922: 917: 913: 909: 905: 901: 897: 894: 890: 886: 882: 877: 875: 871: 867: 863: 859: 855: 852:and occupied 851: 847: 843: 839: 834: 832: 827: 825: 819: 817: 813: 808: 804: 803:Mediterranean 800: 796: 792: 788: 784: 777: 773: 769: 765: 760: 753: 745: 742: 734: 724: 720: 716: 710: 709: 705: 700:This section 698: 694: 689: 688: 682: 680: 676: 674: 670: 666: 662: 658: 654: 649: 647: 643: 639: 632: 630: 628: 624: 620: 615: 611: 607: 603: 598: 596: 592: 588: 583: 580: 576: 571: 569: 565: 560: 558: 554: 550: 544: 541: 533: 532:Villa Fannius 529: 524: 517: 515: 513: 509: 504: 502: 498: 494: 489: 484: 482: 477: 473: 471: 466: 464: 460: 456: 452: 448: 443: 440: 438: 434: 425: 423: 421: 417: 413: 409: 405: 401: 396: 394: 390: 386: 382: 378: 374: 370: 366: 362: 354: 352: 350: 346: 342: 338: 334: 322: 311: 307: 299: 296: 292: 289: 286: 282: 279: 276: 274: 270: 267: 262: 260: 256: 253: 250: 246: 242: 238: 234: 230: 226: 223: 220: 216: 213: 210: 206: 203: 202:(second time) 199: 195: 192: 189: 185: 182: 179: 175: 172: 168: 164: 161: 157: 150: 145: 140: 131: 128: 120: 109: 106: 102: 99: 95: 92: 88: 85: 81: 78: – 77: 73: 72:Find sources: 66: 62: 56: 55: 50:This article 48: 44: 39: 38: 33: 19: 3915: 3903: 3898: 3892: 3885: 3854:Demetrius II 3849:Antigonus II 3848: 3826: 3820:Antigonus II 3819: 3810:Antipater II 3736:Alexander IV 3714: 3702: 3697:Alexander II 3687: 3651:Perdiccas II 3584: 3577: 3570: 3354:Alexander II 3210:Paerisades V 3173:Spartokos IV 3137:Paerisades I 3112:Ariarathes X 3067:Ariarathes V 3042:Ariarathes I 3024:Antiochus IV 3009:Antiochus II 2941:Pharnaces II 2902:Ariobarzanes 2874:Nicomedes IV 2864:Nicomedes II 2790:Apollophanes 2775:Hippostratos 2690:Heliokles II 2650:Demetrius II 2630:Antimachus I 2592:Eucratides I 2587:Demetrius II 2572:Antimachus I 2557:Euthydemus I 2242:Ptolemy XIII 2217:Berenice III 2101: 2064:Antipater II 2031:Alexander IV 1948: 1921: 1894: 1847: 1838: 1834: 1815: 1807: 1783: 1773: 1747: 1743: 1730: 1720: 1699: 1676: 1667:Bibliography 1653: 1638: 1585: 1576: 1567: 1556: 1551: 1543: 1538: 1529: 1520: 1509: 1500: 1491: 1479: 1471: 1466: 1458: 1453: 1445: 1440: 1428:. Retrieved 1424: 1396:in 1756 and 1389: 1377: 1372: 1359:Demetrius II 1356: 1336: 1320: 1304: 1292: 1275: 1269: 1247: 1245: 1221: 1206: 1202: 1191: 1165: 1159: 1121: 1094: 1083: 1073:, landed on 1055: 1024: 1012:Aristomachus 960: 921:Alexander II 918: 914: 910: 906: 902: 898: 878: 835: 828: 820: 781: 775: 737: 728: 713:Please help 701: 677: 650: 636: 599: 572: 561: 545: 537: 505: 485: 478: 474: 467: 455:Dromichaetes 444: 441: 429: 397: 358: 305: 304: 201: 171:(first time) 170: 123: 114: 104: 97: 90: 83: 71: 59:Please help 54:verification 51: 3785:Demetrius I 3769:Alexander V 3764:Antipater I 3681:Amyntas III 3646:Alexander I 3616:Perdiccas I 3599:Vergina Sun 3375:Pyrrhus III 3359:Olympias II 3329:Alexander I 3186: [ 3183:Spartokos V 3052:Ariamnes II 2999:Antiochus I 2961:Pythodorida 2917:Pharnaces I 2838:Zipoetes II 2833:Nicomedes I 2750:Artemidoros 2745:Menander II 2685:Antialcidas 2670:Agathokleia 2625:Demetrius I 2617:Indo-Greeks 2607:Heliocles I 2562:Demetrius I 2552:Diodotus II 2529:Eumenes III 2524:Attalus III 2499:Philetaerus 2468:Lysimachids 2280:Berenice II 2247:Ptolemy XIV 2129:(pretender) 2059:Alexander V 2041:Antipatrids 1999:Hellenistic 1954:272–239 BC 1927:277–274 BC 1900:283–239 BC 1683:"Demetrius" 1555:Pausanias, 1276:On Kingship 1232:Epidaurians 1228:Troezenians 1209:Acrocorinth 1047:Chremonides 988:Aristotimus 980:Timocleidas 854:Megalopolis 850:Peloponnese 731:August 2020 673:Cassandreia 663:, a son of 591:Thermopylae 263:Halcyoneus 208:Predecessor 200:272–239 BC 177:Predecessor 169:277–274 BC 3930:Categories 3795:Lysimachus 3731:Philip III 3715:Amyntas IV 3688:Argaeus II 3671:Amyntas II 3666:Aeropus II 3365:Pyrrhus II 3344:Alcetas II 3309:Tharrhypas 3276:Gepaepyris 3248:Scribonius 3142:Satyros II 3072:Orophernes 2984:Ptolemaeus 2966:Polemon II 2859:Prusias II 2828:Zipoetes I 2800:Strato III 2725:Theophilos 2705:Philoxenus 2660:Menander I 2640:Agathocles 2582:Agathocles 2547:Diodotus I 2519:Attalus II 2514:Eumenes II 2476:Lysimachus 2084:Antigonids 1841:: 285–316. 1782:(editor); 1623:Tamraparni 1404:References 1256:Pyrrhonist 1148:Amphipolis 1088:, king of 1035:Stratonice 1020:Aristippus 976:Euthydemus 885:Aristippus 785:, king of 665:Lysimachus 642:Lysimachia 614:Cerethrius 606:Lysimachia 602:Hellespont 508:Asia Minor 416:Lysimachus 329: 320 117:April 2015 87:newspapers 3904:Euephenes 3886:Andriscus 3815:Sosthenes 3759:Philip IV 3754:Cassander 3721:Philip II 3676:Pausanias 3656:Archelaus 3641:Amyntas I 3631:Aeropus I 3621:Argaeus I 3563:Legendary 3349:Pyrrhus I 3314:Alcetas I 3220:Pharnaces 3195:Kamasarye 3178:Leukon II 3162:Hygiainon 3117:Archelaus 2956:Polemon I 2854:Prusias I 2795:Strato II 2785:Zoilos II 2780:Dionysios 2760:Archebius 2730:Peukolaos 2695:Polyxenos 2635:Pantaleon 2577:Pantaleon 2509:Attalus I 2504:Eumenes I 2310:Seleucids 2138:Ptolemies 2127:Philip VI 2074:Sosthenes 2054:Philip IV 2049:Cassander 2016:Philip II 1916:Sosthenes 1766:2604-3521 1750:: 49–58. 1722:Histories 1687:"Pyrrhus" 1627:Sri Lanka 1611:Alexander 1599:Antiochos 1472:Antigonus 1459:Antigonus 1446:Antigonus 1430:12 August 1400:in 1780. 1369:Reception 1323:Cleanthes 1272:Euphantus 1224:Megarians 1117:Timarchus 1109:Phoenicia 1071:Patroclus 1027:Antiochus 996:Abantidas 929:Aetolians 925:Acarnania 838:Cleonymus 702:does not 657:Cassander 646:Demetrius 638:Sosthenes 587:Aetolians 553:Demetrias 437:Alexander 408:Cassander 400:Alexander 389:Cassander 385:Antipater 321:Antígonos 235:c. 320 BC 218:Successor 187:Successor 181:Sosthenes 3864:Philip V 3805:Meleager 3626:Philip I 3585:Tyrimmas 3380:Deidamia 3361:(regent) 3334:Aeacides 3271:Aspurgus 3164:(regent) 3147:Prytanis 2989:Sames II 2845:(regent) 2818:Boteiras 2765:Telephos 2755:Hermaeus 2710:Diomedes 2680:Strato I 2665:Zoilos I 2491:Attalids 2178:(regent) 2117:Philip V 1835:Historia 1803:, (1867) 1793:Archived 1717:Polybius 1708:xxv. 1–3 1691:"Aratus" 1673:Plutarch 1561:ii. 8. 4 1390:Antigono 1378:Antigono 1375:libretto 1347:Buddhist 1300:Persaeus 1252:Megarian 1217:Lechaeum 1179:Nicocles 1105:Anatolia 1031:Seleucid 1016:Lydiadas 1008:Nicocles 964:Polybius 933:Olympias 889:Aristeas 799:Carthage 764:Poseidon 557:Thessaly 549:Cyclades 420:Seleucus 365:Diadochi 3916:italics 3869:Perseus 3827:Pyrrhus 3790:Pyrrhus 3661:Orestes 3636:Alcetas 3571:Caranus 3370:Ptolemy 3324:Arybbas 3304:Admetus 3286:Cotys I 3266:Polemon 3261:Polemon 3257:Dynamis 3252:Dynamis 3243:Dynamis 3239:Asander 3229:Dynamis 3225:Asander 3152:Eumelos 2951:Arsaces 2926:Laodice 2849:Ziaelas 2843:Etazeta 2720:Epander 2715:Amyntas 2122:Perseus 2008:Argeads 1943:Pyrrhus 1933:Pyrrhus 1619:Pandyas 1603:Ptolemy 1595:yojanas 1363:Vergina 1308:Corinth 1236:Salamis 1194:talents 1187:Achaean 1113:Miletus 1079:Laurium 968:tyrants 893:Nauplia 864:was in 858:Arcadia 846:Laconia 842:Spartan 783:Pyrrhus 723:removed 708:sources 669:Arsinoe 579:Brennus 540:Corinth 510:to the 481:Pyrrhus 447:Boeotia 412:Ptolemy 349:Balkans 341:Macedon 273:Dynasty 101:scholar 3578:Coenus 2946:Darius 2740:Nicias 2735:Thraso 2675:Lysias 2001:rulers 1854: 1822: 1801:Boston 1776:(1997) 1764: 1696:Justin 1617:, the 1615:Cholas 1591:Dharma 1546:7.1.36 1343:Ashoka 1327:Aratus 1312:Archon 1262:, and 1176:tyrant 1172:Sicyon 1168:Aratus 1132:Nicaea 1090:Cyrene 1063:Megara 1059:Attica 1029:, the 1004:Paseas 937:Phthia 807:Sicily 787:Epirus 768:Apollo 595:Delphi 488:Beroea 463:Thebes 451:Thrace 433:Athens 418:, and 361:320 BC 294:Mother 284:Father 248:Spouse 103: 96: 89: 82: 74: 3259:with 3241:with 3227:with 3190:] 2924:with 2597:Plato 2275:Magas 1629:)." ( 1607:Magas 1264:Stoic 1260:Cynic 1086:Magas 1077:near 984:Iseas 978:and 972:Cleon 881:Argos 866:Crete 862:Areus 831:Aegae 791:Italy 772:Greek 623:Phila 575:Gauls 528:Phila 501:Lydia 497:Caria 459:Getae 381:Phila 345:Gauls 310:Greek 259:Issue 197:Reign 166:Reign 108:JSTOR 94:books 1852:ISBN 1820:ISBN 1762:ISSN 1712:26.2 1704:24.1 1609:and 1432:2020 1230:and 1107:and 887:and 797:and 795:Rome 706:any 704:cite 667:and 593:and 499:and 240:Died 232:Born 80:news 2823:Bas 1752:doi 1380:by 1345:'s 1152:Pan 1053:). 856:in 717:by 339:in 63:by 3932:: 3188:ru 1839:44 1837:. 1799:, 1788:, 1760:. 1746:. 1742:. 1719:, 1710:, 1706:, 1702:, 1698:, 1689:, 1685:, 1681:, 1675:, 1652:. 1559:, 1423:. 1412:^ 1318:. 1258:, 1254:, 1041:, 675:. 629:. 559:. 465:. 422:. 414:, 410:, 351:. 326:c. 324:; 318:, 312:: 3918:. 3548:e 3541:t 3534:v 3425:e 3418:t 3411:v 1991:e 1984:t 1977:v 1860:. 1828:. 1768:. 1754:: 1748:4 1625:( 1434:. 744:) 738:( 733:) 729:( 725:. 711:. 308:( 130:) 124:( 119:) 115:( 105:· 98:· 91:· 84:· 57:. 34:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index