20:
2305:
2293:
2329:
2317:
193:
their distance, allowing them to cover up (as longer arms allow for a greater area of protection around the upper body) or use it to counter punch them. However, research has shown that the ape index cannot predict who wins or loses MMA bouts, an individual's divisional ranking, or whether or not they are successful in their technique use.
200:, a lifter with shorter arms must move the weight a shorter distance to complete the lift when compared to a lifter with longer arms. Yet there is the fact that a shorter bone will have a shorter muscle therefore the potential mass of the muscle is based on bone length. In contrast, long arms are an advantage in the
123:
which was the lower ape index found in the female competition climbers. Similarly, in a later work it was found that the ape index was statistically significant, and thus determined that it was one of several variables that provided the highest diagnostic value in the prediction of climbing performance.
161:
devoted a chapter to "The
Vitruvian NBA Player" and therein noted "The average arm-span-to-height ratio of an NBA player is 1.063." Having an ape index of less than 1 is very rare among NBA players; only two players in the NBA 2010–11 season had one. One notable NBA player with an ape index below 1
122:
Countering these studies are other works that have identified the ape index as a significant (or potentially significant) factor. A 2001 study comparing teenage male and female competition climbers noted that performance differences between the genders could be explained by several factors, one of
114:
One study found that "untrainable" physical factors, including the ape index, were not necessarily predictors of climbing ability, despite a general tendency identified in previous studies for elite athletes in the sport to share these characteristics. This was supported by a later study that also
86:
The ape index is usually defined as the ratio of arm span to height. However, an alternative approach is arm span minus height with the result being positive, 0 or negative. Unlike the dimensionless ratio, this calculation produces a numeric value in the units of measurement used to represent the
192:
is believed to be the active UFC fighter with largest Ape index of 1.115, with a reach of 213 cm while being only 191 cm tall. This potentially allows them to use their arm span to hit their opponents, whereas their opponents could not hit them. They often use this in their game plan, by keeping
77:
it is believed that an ape index greater than one, where the arm span is greater than the height, provides for a competitive advantage, and some climbers have expressed the belief that exercise can result in an improved ratio, although this view is somewhat controversial.
115:
found that the ape index was not statistically relevant. However, the authors of this second study noted that the findings may have been due to the low variability in the index between the climbers, who all had significantly higher ape indices than those found in the
156:
In basketball, a higher index helps with defense, especially in contesting shots and intercepting passes . It also helps with rebounding, and with dribbling, passing, and shooting when being guarded closely by opponents. David
Epstein in his book
166:, whose wingspan of 6' 4" is less than his height of 6' 5"; he has been nicknamed "T-Rex" for this reason. Despite this perceived deficiency, Bane has become a quality player since being selected 30th overall by the
2214:
145:
There is evidence to support that having a higher index will be beneficial to a football goalkeeper . It can also compensate for being shorter than the recommended norm for a professional goalkeeper.
2209:
233:
408:
2261:
1228:
2273:
119:. Thus they left open the possibility that the ape index may be more significant when there is a greater degree of equivalence between the other traits under consideration.
1216:
505:"Does Stature or Wingspan Length Have a Positive Effect on Competitor Rankings or Attainment of World Title Bouts in International and Elite Mixed Martial Arts?"
1201:
243:
2255:
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1250:
1245:
504:
768:
749:
391:
175:
111:, which is an Olympic sport. A number of these have included the ape index as one of the variables. However, the results have been mixed.
1211:
860:
180:
In combat sports, such as boxing and mixed martial arts, having a higher index is often perceived to be beneficial. Fighters such as
1196:
1181:
2333:
2194:
833:
2355:
2124:
1501:
605:
1496:
1262:
63:
prior to 15 BC. Vitruvius noted that a "well made man" has an arm span equal to his height, as exemplified in
2184:
1546:
433:
409:"We're talking about wingspan?! Desmond Bane was overlooked, now he and Ja Morant are leading a Memphis revival"
2099:
2094:
1240:
2229:
2024:
1999:
1890:
1883:
1288:
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1146:
555:"The Influence of Age and Anthropometric Variables on Winning and Losing in Professional Mixed Martial Arts"
554:
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1301:
1233:
853:
2174:
2089:
1591:
1457:
532:
238:
104:
325:
Magiera, Artur; Ryguła, Igor (2007). "Biometric Model and
Classification Functions in Sport Climbing".
2321:
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950:
928:
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1223:
972:
967:
962:
658:
524:
715:"A comparison of male and female teenage sport rock climbers from a high school climbing league"
713:
Moss, C.; Kunz, M.; Adams, K. J.; Berning, J. M.; Sevene-Adams, P. G.; Debeliso, M. (May 2001).
19:
2309:
2234:
2029:
1957:
1932:
1918:
1911:
1726:
1628:
1308:
979:
904:
846:
809:
764:
745:
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650:
387:
167:
64:
36:, the drawing shows a man where the arm span is equal to the height, giving an ape index of 1.
29:
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2009:
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356:
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2004:
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1452:
1435:
1352:
1186:
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1116:
1111:
1066:
1024:
995:
945:
933:
804:
779:
696:
671:
633:
Lavoie, Jean-Marc; Montpetit, Richard R. (May 1986). "Applied physiology of swimming".
185:
171:
142:
whose arm span is 10 cm greater than his height, affording him an index of 1.052.
139:
2349:
2119:
2019:
1964:
1925:
1824:
1774:
1749:
1660:
1633:
1513:
1369:
1335:
1156:
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1010:
1000:
957:
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884:
731:
714:
646:
573:
146:
116:
100:
96:
74:
69:
24:
574:"Does Anthropometry Influence Technical Factors in Professional Mixed Martial Arts?"
528:
2239:
2134:
2014:
1950:
1829:
1784:
1528:
1391:
1379:
1340:
1325:
1136:
1061:
1049:
899:
778:
Watts, Phil; Joubert, Lanae; Lish, Aaron; Mast, J. D.; Wilkins, B. (October 2003).
662:
163:
150:
56:
670:
Mermier, Christine; Janot, Jeffrey; Parker, Daryl; Swan, Jacob G. (October 2000).
457:
381:
2074:
2069:
1806:
1699:
1598:
1384:
1318:
1141:
1121:
1083:
1071:
1037:
197:
1655:
1536:
1469:
1330:
1101:
1078:
921:
916:
482:
204:, where longer arms reduce the range of motion required to complete the lift.
138:
tend to have longer arms in relation to their body size. A notable example is
51:
is slang or jargon used to describe a measure of the ratio of an individual's
672:"Physiological and anthropometric determinants of sport climbing performance"
153:
are examples of shorter goalkeepers who possess a higher than average index.
1978:
1971:
1839:
1834:
1709:
1623:
1568:
1474:
1418:
1357:
1106:
213:
181:
60:
33:
813:
705:
795:
687:
654:
590:
520:
2054:
1904:
1640:
1603:
1561:
1551:
869:
383:
The Sports Gene: Inside the
Science of Extraordinary Athletic Performance
201:
135:
52:
1670:
1556:
1506:
1362:
1126:
131:
The term was first coined by
Frisbee throwers at UC Berkeley in 1975.
55:
relative to their height. A typical ratio is 1, as identified by the
1518:
1484:
107:, in determining rock climbing ability, particularly in the area of
2267:
2114:
1586:
1464:
1296:
18:
842:
196:
Small ape indices can also be beneficial. For example, in the
2268:
828:
742:
Bodyspace: anthropometry, ergonomics, and the design of work
184:, whose arm span is 21 cm greater than his height, and
838:
761:
Climbing your best: training to maximize your performance
559:
434:"How Much Does Height And Reach Matter In Combat Sports?"
780:"Anthropometry of young competitive sport rock climbers"
95:
Multiple studies have been conducted into the effect of
288:
2210:
Federación Española de
Deportes de Montaña y Escalada
188:
have a longer arm span than most of their opponents.
2262:
International
Climbing and Mountaineering Federation
2215:
Fédération française de la montagne et de l'escalade
312:
300:
2274:
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2155:
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1169:
1094:
1023:
988:
892:
883:
876:
343:
744:(2nd ed.). London: Taylor & Francis.
458:"Print Fight Card | UFC 182 Jones vs. Cormier"
386:. Penguin Publishing Group. pp. 134–135.
375:
373:
854:
8:
834:Is height important for a soccer goalkeeper?
719:Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
2256:International Federation of Sport Climbing
2152:
1858:
1284:
1275:
889:
880:
861:
847:
839:
606:"Is a Bench Press Affected by Arm Length?"
484:Conor McGregor's Counter Punch | Breakdown
803:
730:
695:
589:
264:
234:"Rock climb jargon often tough to scale"
224:
763:. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books.
553:Kirk, Christopher (8 November 2016).
276:
32:. Based on proportions identified by
7:
2316:
91:Significance in competition climbing
2328:
232:McIver, Kelly (September 8, 1992).
784:British Journal of Sports Medicine
676:British Journal of Sports Medicine
14:
2225:South African Climbing Federation
2327:
2315:
2304:
2303:
2291:
1197:IFSC World Championships winners
759:Sagar, Heather Reynolds (2001).
732:10.1097/00005768-200105001-01386
647:10.2165/00007256-198603030-00002
725:(Supplement 1, issue 5): S247.
380:David Epstein (29 April 2014).
59:writer, architect and engineer
2195:British Mountaineering Council
572:Kirk, Christopher (May 2018).
1:
242:. p. 5D. Archived from
344:Lavoie & Montpetit 1986
16:Ratio of arm span to height
2377:
740:Pheasant, Stephen (1996).
503:Kirk, Christopher (2016).
357:"Michael Phelps APE Index"
2287:
2185:Appalachian Mountain Club
327:Journal of Human Kinetics
2100:Mountain Safety Research
2095:Mountain Equipment Co-op
481:MindSmash (2017-01-23),
2230:South Tyrol Alpine Club
2025:Eastern Mountain Sports
1891:Canadian Alpine Journal
1884:American Alpine Journal
1147:Roof and tunnel hacking
134:It has been noted that
2050:Holubar Mountaineering
1862:Magazines and journals
1192:IFSC World Cup winners
432:J, Jeff (2021-03-17).
37:
2175:Alpine Club of Canada
2085:Marmot Mountain Works
2040:GERRY Mountain Sports
796:10.1136/bjsm.37.5.420
688:10.1136/bjsm.34.5.359
591:10.5114/hm.2018.74059
521:10.1515/ssr-2016-0018
239:Eugene Register-Guard
87:height and arm span.
67:c. 1492 drawing, the
22:
2205:Club Alpino Italiano
2190:Austrian Alpine Club
2180:American Alpine Club
829:Ape Index Calculator
509:Sport Science Review
246:on February 27, 2022
109:competition climbing
2356:Climbing and health
2200:Club Alpin Français
1574:Mountaineering boot
1187:Piolet d'Or winners
289:Mermier et al. 2000
65:Leonardo da Vinci's
2220:German Alpine Club
359:. 3 September 2021
291:, pp. 364–365
38:
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2342:
2283:
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2235:Swiss Alpine Club
1988:
1987:
1943:Non-fiction films
1919:Planinski Vestnik
1912:Himalayan Journal
1850:
1849:
1612:
1611:
1241:Historical events
1212:Eight-thousanders
1165:
1164:
1019:
1018:
770:978-0-8117-2735-8
751:978-0-7484-0067-6
393:978-1-61723-012-7
301:Watts et al. 2003
168:Memphis Grizzlies
99:factors, such as
30:Leonardo da Vinci
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2319:
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2307:
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2105:Outdoor Research
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1246:Grade milestones
1055:Expedition style
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531:. Archived from
515:(5–6): 334–349.
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2010:Cascade Designs
1984:
1938:
1846:
1733:
1608:
1542:Abalakov thread
1523:
1267:
1161:
1090:
1015:
984:
968:Deep-water solo
872:
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635:Sports Medicine
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159:The Sports Gene
129:
93:
84:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2250:
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2130:The North Face
2127:
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2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
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2060:Sierra Designs
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2035:Frostline Kits
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1989:
1986:
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1983:
1982:
1975:
1968:
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1946:
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1926:Rock & Ice
1922:
1915:
1908:
1901:
1894:
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1870:Alpine Journal
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1809:
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1760:Climbing route
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1739:
1735:
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1705:Simul-climbing
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823:External links
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790:(5): 420–424.
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682:(5): 359–365.
667:
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610:LIVESTRONG.COM
597:
578:Human Movement
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346:, p. 168.
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303:, p. 423.
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279:, p. 144.
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186:Conor McGregor
172:2020 NBA draft
140:Michael Phelps
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2078:
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2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2020:Early Winters
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
2000:Black Diamond
1998:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1967:
1966:
1965:The Dawn Wall
1962:
1960:
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1826:
1825:Bachar ladder
1823:
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1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1796:
1793:
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1788:
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1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1775:Climbing wall
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1750:Approach shoe
1748:
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1471:
1468:
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1395:
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1390:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1371:
1370:Climbing rope
1368:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1342:
1339:
1337:
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1310:
1307:
1303:
1300:
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1286:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1274:
1270:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1252:
1251:First ascents
1249:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1222:
1218:
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1198:
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1190:
1188:
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1184:
1183:
1180:
1178:
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1168:
1158:
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1133:
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1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
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1110:
1108:
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1103:
1100:
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1085:
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1077:
1073:
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1056:
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1009:
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994:
993:
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987:
981:
978:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
960:
959:
956:
952:
949:
947:
944:
943:
942:
939:
935:
932:
931:
930:
927:
923:
920:
919:
918:
915:
911:
908:
907:
906:
903:
901:
898:
897:
895:
891:
888:
886:
885:Rock climbing
882:
879:
875:
871:
864:
859:
857:
852:
850:
845:
844:
841:
835:
832:
830:
827:
826:
822:
815:
811:
806:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
776:
772:
766:
762:
757:
753:
747:
743:
738:
733:
728:
724:
720:
716:
711:
707:
703:
698:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
641:(3): 165–89.
640:
636:
631:
630:
625:
611:
607:
601:
598:
592:
587:
583:
579:
575:
568:
565:
560:
556:
549:
546:
535:on 2018-10-03
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
499:
496:
486:
485:
477:
474:
463:
459:
453:
450:
439:
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428:
425:
414:
410:
403:
400:
395:
389:
385:
384:
376:
374:
370:
358:
352:
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332:
328:
321:
318:
314:
309:
306:
302:
297:
294:
290:
285:
282:
278:
273:
270:
266:
265:Pheasant 1996
261:
258:
245:
241:
240:
235:
228:
225:
219:
215:
212:
211:
207:
205:
203:
199:
194:
191:
187:
183:
178:
177:
173:
169:
165:
160:
154:
152:
148:
147:Iker Casillas
143:
141:
137:
132:
126:
124:
120:
118:
117:control group
112:
110:
106:
102:
101:anthropometry
98:
97:physiological
90:
88:
81:
79:
76:
75:rock climbing
72:
71:
70:Vitruvian Man
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
49:gorilla index
46:
42:
35:
31:
27:
26:
25:Vitruvian Man
21:
2332:
2320:
2308:
2296:
2240:USA Climbing
2140:Wild Country
2135:Therm-a-Rest
1977:
1970:
1963:
1956:
1951:The Alpinist
1949:
1931:
1924:
1917:
1910:
1903:
1896:
1889:
1882:
1875:
1868:
1830:Campus board
1785:First ascent
1744:
1529:Ice and snow
1326:Belay device
1177:Alpine clubs
1137:Ropes course
1050:Alpine style
787:
783:
760:
741:
722:
718:
679:
675:
638:
634:
613:. Retrieved
609:
600:
581:
577:
567:
558:
548:
537:. Retrieved
533:the original
512:
508:
498:
488:, retrieved
483:
476:
465:. Retrieved
461:
452:
441:. Retrieved
437:
427:
416:. Retrieved
413:The Athletic
412:
402:
382:
361:. Retrieved
351:
339:
330:
326:
320:
308:
296:
284:
272:
267:, p. 7.
260:
250:September 2,
248:. Retrieved
244:the original
237:
227:
195:
179:
164:Desmond Bane
158:
155:
151:Jorge Campos
144:
133:
130:
127:Other sports
121:
113:
94:
85:
68:
48:
44:
40:
39:
23:
2334:WikiProject
2170:Alpine Club
2165:Access Fund
2075:Lowe Alpine
2070:La Sportiva
1807:Fall factor
1700:Self-arrest
1676:Redpointing
1599:Snow anchor
1353:Boulder mat
1302:Daisy chain
1272:Terminology
1263:Terminology
1142:Rooftopping
1084:Hillwalking
1072:Dry-tooling
1038:Via ferrata
951:Traditional
929:Competition
910:Multi-pitch
893:Disciplines
462:www.ufc.com
438:MMA Channel
198:bench press
105:flexibility
82:Computation
28:c. 1492 by
2350:Categories
1958:El Capitan
1722:Traversing
1671:Onsighting
1651:Glissading
1634:DĂĽlfersitz
1629:Australian
1592:Transeiver
1537:Alpenstock
1470:Portaledge
1458:Copperhead
1397:Descenders
1331:Auto belay
1122:Commercial
1102:Buildering
1079:Scrambling
989:Rock types
980:Top roping
917:Bouldering
626:References
615:2024-03-08
561:: 227–236.
539:2018-10-03
490:2017-06-16
467:2017-06-16
443:2024-08-30
418:2024-03-08
363:2022-02-27
277:Sagar 2001
45:ape factor
2110:Patagonia
1993:Companies
1979:Hard Grit
1972:Free Solo
1840:MoonBoard
1835:Hangboard
1821:Training
1770:Guidebook
1745:Ape index
1710:Rope team
1624:Abseiling
1569:Ice screw
1475:Quickdraw
1358:Carabiner
1280:Equipment
1258:Technique
1224:Equipment
1107:Canyoning
1045:Himalayan
973:Rope solo
963:Free solo
214:Ajanubahu
182:Jon Jones
61:Vitruvius
41:Ape index
34:Vitruvius
2310:Category
2157:National
2055:JanSport
2030:Five Ten
1905:Desnivel
1898:Climbing
1877:Alpinist
1802:Exposure
1780:Chipping
1727:Tyrolean
1717:Spotting
1688:Crevasse
1666:Flashing
1656:Jumaring
1641:Belaying
1604:Snowshoe
1562:Ice tool
1552:Crampons
1402:Figure-8
1314:Ascender
1182:Climbers
922:Highball
905:Big wall
870:Climbing
814:14514533
706:11049146
529:59027630
333:: 96–97.
208:See also
202:deadlift
136:swimmers
53:arm span
2322:Commons
2276:(UIMLA)
2270:(UIAGM)
1661:Leading
1578:Rescue
1557:Ice axe
1507:Camalot
1441:Lanyard
1424:Skyhook
1409:Harness
1380:Dynamic
1363:Maillon
1336:Glasses
1217:Everest
1208:Deaths
1127:Parkour
805:1751349
697:1756253
663:8776981
655:3520747
174:out of
170:in the
2298:Portal
2264:(UIAA)
2258:(IFSC)
2090:Millet
2080:Mammut
2045:Grivel
2015:Deuter
1933:Summit
1817:Guides
1812:Grades
1683:Rescue
1617:Action
1519:Tricam
1485:Grigri
1431:Hammer
1385:Static
1341:Gloves
1309:Anchor
1229:Brands
1033:Alpine
812:
802:
767:
748:
704:
694:
661:
653:
527:
390:
2115:Petzl
2065:Kelty
1855:Media
1790:Pitch
1755:Clean
1738:Other
1587:RECCO
1514:Shoes
1502:SLCDs
1497:Sling
1465:Piton
1414:Hooks
1392:Chalk
1319:Croll
1297:Aider
1234:Knots
1170:Lists
1152:Slide
1117:Grass
1112:Crane
1095:Other
1067:Mixed
996:Crack
946:Sport
934:Speed
877:Types
659:S2CID
584:(2).
525:S2CID
220:Notes
73:. In
57:Roman
47:, or
2005:CAMP
1795:Topo
1765:Beta
1693:Self
1490:Revo
1480:SLDs
1419:Fifi
1375:Cord
1348:Bolt
1289:Rock
1157:Tree
1132:Pole
1011:Slab
1006:Roof
1001:Face
958:Solo
941:Free
810:PMID
765:ISBN
746:ISBN
702:PMID
651:PMID
388:ISBN
252:2009
176:TCU.
149:and
103:and
2125:REI
2120:Rab
1453:Nut
1446:PAC
1436:Hex
1062:Ice
900:Aid
800:PMC
792:doi
727:doi
692:PMC
684:doi
643:doi
586:doi
517:doi
162:is
2352::
808:.
798:.
788:37
786:.
782:.
723:33
721:.
717:.
700:.
690:.
680:34
678:.
674:.
657:.
649:.
637:.
608:.
582:19
580:.
576:.
557:.
523:.
513:25
511:.
507:.
460:.
436:.
411:.
372:^
331:18
329:.
236:.
43:,
862:e
855:t
848:v
816:.
794::
773:.
754:.
735:.
729::
708:.
686::
665:.
645::
639:3
618:.
594:.
588::
542:.
519::
470:.
446:.
421:.
396:.
366:.
315:.
254:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
