31:. Substituted galacturonans are characterized by the presence of the saccharide appendant residue D-apiose in the case of apiogalacturonan, branching from a backbone of D-galacturonic acid residues. According to the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, "he backbone of these polysaccharides is resistant to fragmentation by microbial EPGs."
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holds several patents on the application of apiogalacturonan for cosmetic applications. Zostera marina L. was selected for its antioxidative activity and inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) expression. Apiogalacturonan from both Lemna and
Zostera marina can be used in cosmetic products.
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The apiogalacturonan in Lemna has been researched for several nutritional and biotechnology applications in animal models. In brief, it has been shown to have gastric-protection and immune-adjuvant properties. It is also cryoprotective and this application has been patented.
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The apiogalacturonan from
Zostera Marina currently is used in a variety of cosmetic functions. The German group
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Lemnan belongs to rare apiogalacturonic pectic polysaccharides, along with zosteran from
Zostera marina.
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Khasina, E.I. (2003). "Gastroprotective effect of lemnan, a pectic polysaccharide from Lemna minor L".
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Gunter, E.A. (2004). "Isolation of
Polysaccharides from the Callus Culture of Lemna minor L.".
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Jin-Hui, Kim; Kyung-Eun, Lee; Jin-Hwa, Kim; Young-Ho, Cho; et al. (January 2004).
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170:"New Cosmetic Agents for Anti-aging from Zostera marina L."
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Journal of the
Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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65:Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology
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103:Complex Carbohydrate Research Center
77:10.1023/B:ABIM.0000010359.68528.fe
23:known to be found in the walls of
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126:Doklady Biological Sciences
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138:10.1023/A:1024437012646
105:. University of Georgia
99:"Plant Cell Walls"
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