Knowledge (XXG)

Belenus

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2186: 2178: 725: 950:, p. 195: "Celtic deity whose name is often connected with the Graeco-Roman god Apollo (see interpretatio romana), although the cult of Belenos seems to have preserved a degree of independence ... Belenus was often identified with Apollo and seen as a typical Karnian oracle- and health-giving deity." 693:, who died during the event while his army was defeated soon afterwards, Belenus was invoked as the divine protector of Aquileia. The soldiers reported seeing an appearance of the god floating in the air, battling and defending his town, in an evocation of Apollo's defence of Delphi against the troops of 744:. A sanctuary dedicated to the deity is attested by the second half of the 1st century BC, when its renovation was commemorated by two chiefs of the village. Epigraphic dedications to the god are also known in Venice and at Rimini. An altar was also found in Celeia (modern 748:), one of the most important Norican towns. The cult may have been introduced here from Aquileia, as suggested by the name of its dedicator, Lucius Sentius Forensis, the Sentii being well attested to at Aquileia, but not in Noricum. 493:'henbane'). Henbane was commonly used in antiquity for medicinal purposes, providing further evidence of Belanos' healing attributes. A shallow stone dish found in Saint-Chamas (south of France) and dedicated to 1103:
de Bernardo Stempel, Patrizia; Hainzmann, Manfred; Mathieu, Nicolas (2013), de Bernardo Stempel, Patrizia; Hofeneder, Andreas (eds.), "Celtic and Other Indigenous Divine Names Found in the Italian Peninsula",
874:. The local population regarded him as a great healer who could cure blindness with his 'key'. Professor Monika Kropej also states that Belenus was possibly incorporated into the Slovenian lore as the 938:, p. 24: "Apart from the association with the Roman Apollo, little is known about the function and significance of Belenos (Pauly Wissowa s. v. Belenus). He is probably associated with medicine." 850:('Bel's Fires') on May 1. On occasion, cattle was driven between two fires in order to repeal diseases, which Schrijver has compared to the traditional German custom of burning henbane collected on 606:(Burgundy), where he was invoked by pilgrims seeking cures for their sickness. If Belenus is interpreted as meaning 'shining, brilliant', it can be compared to the Celtic epithet 1902: 882:
by the local population, among other names, may also be related. It is connected to ancient rituals and features two primitively carved figures with heads ornamented with rays.
870:, may provide evidence of the survival of Belenus' cult in the region and of its later integration into Slovenian beliefs, possibly blended with attributes of the Slavic god 358:
and by an altar in which Belenus is worshipped together with the Nymphs. Thermal springs are also attested to at Iulium Carnicum." The 19th-century attempt to link the root
2185: 900: 1367: 1895: 766:
areas. A votive inscription from Caesarean times by the poet Lucius Erax Bardus was found at Rochemolles, near Bardonecchia (Bardonnèche), in Italy (
896: 846:
The Irish Bel has been speculated by some scholars to be linked to the god Belenus. Fires in honor of the deity were lit for Celtic festivals of
1714: 1670: 1648: 1607: 1585: 1553: 1113: 2672: 1888: 758:, and mentions a temple priest of the cult named Phoebicius. The deity was also popular in Provence, as attested by inscriptions from the 137:, Italy), the main centre of his cult, the name has also been found in places where Celtic speakers lived in ancient times, including in 670:, writing in c. 200 AD, identifies Belenus as the national god of Noricum. Inscriptions dedicated to Belenus are concentrated in the 1692: 1629: 1429: 1336: 1727:(2017). "The irreducible Gauls used to swear by Belenos. – Or did they? Celtic religion, henbane and historical misapprehensions". 709:
each dedicated an inscription to Belenus in the region of Aquileia. A further 6 votive inscriptions of Belenus were discovered at
1329:
Les dieux gaulois : répertoire des noms de divinités celtiques connus par l'épigraphie, les textes antiques et la toponymie.
354:, meaning 'source, spring'. According to Šašel Kos, Belenus' "close association with water is confirmed by two dedications to 216:
remains unclear. It has been traditionally translated as the 'bright one' or the 'shining one', by deriving the name from a
2177: 347: 217: 563:
was commonly associated with the sun and healing attributes. He may have been equated with fifteen or more different
1724: 161: 639:
oracle- and health-giving deity", although its widespread attestation among ancient Celtic peoples may point to a
825:), possibly worshipped as a goddess of nature and fertility. Two shrines dedicated to the goddess were found in 2545: 1680: 729: 2687: 2152: 1802: 1764: 648: 2682: 1573: 644: 564: 514:, and could thus been translated as 'Very Powerful'. Schrijver rather links it to a stem for 'henbane', * 2667: 640: 614:- 'white'), attached to Apollo as a deity who restored light and vision to people with eye disease at 2677: 2662: 2499: 714: 255: 85: 678:, but there is evidence that the popularity of the god became more widespread in the Roman period. 2092: 1992: 1658: 442: 2537: 1868: 1752: 1361: 1119: 1511: 2593: 2585: 2062: 1860: 1828: 1790: 1744: 1710: 1688: 1666: 1644: 1625: 1603: 1581: 1549: 1425: 1332: 1258: 1109: 817:
In Noricum, Belenus may also have been accompanied by an otherwise unknown female deity named
786:
Images of Belenus sometimes show him to be accompanied by a female, perhaps the Gaulish deity
68: 689:, where he was regarded as its patron god. During the siege of the city in 238 AD by emperor 2519: 2509: 2315: 2197: 2132: 1927: 1911: 1852: 1818: 1780: 1736: 1617: 1541: 1285: 675: 470: 271: 1622:
Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: Une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental
701:('Fountain of Belenos') show connection with medicinal springs. The third-century emperors 170: 2657: 1840: 724: 718: 690: 482: 400: 299: 390:), which possibly means 'hound of Belenos', or else 'strong as a dog' if the name is not 2421: 2348: 2052: 1702: 1595: 792: 632: 431: 423: 343: 2651: 1872: 1756: 1106:
Théonymie celtique, cultes, interpretatio - Keltische Theonymie, Kulte, Interpretatio
771: 603: 311: 150: 72: 31: 175: 93:, although his cult seems to have preserved a certain degree of autonomy during the 2391: 2230: 1962: 671: 418: 282:
do not seem to connote 'shining', but rather ' white' or 'grey', and suggests that
270:
However, this etymology has come under increasing criticism in recent scholarship.
94: 80: 810:
in 1142 AD), modern Switzerland, also attest to the existence of a feminine form *
551:(taken to have an equine association), as well as the toponyms Beleño and Beloño. 878:, a type of fairy-like beings. An incised stone in southwestern Slovenia, called 2636: 2626: 2479: 2376: 2333: 2275: 2107: 2097: 867: 802: 636: 64: 17: 2603: 2560: 2527: 2474: 2439: 2396: 2338: 2328: 2210: 1856: 826: 767: 702: 667: 595: 528: 391: 382: 38: 1864: 1832: 1794: 1748: 1262: 1123: 2613: 2598: 2504: 2411: 2401: 2386: 2295: 2250: 2235: 2225: 2205: 2162: 2077: 2027: 2012: 2007: 2002: 1931: 1545: 851: 830: 759: 755: 543:
Spanish scholarship also relates the deity's name to Aquitanian anthroponym
436: 193:. The deity may also have been known in Ireland and Britain by the variants 1740: 1880: 1785: 1768: 1289: 1250: 376:
A village that is now part of the municipality of Aquileia is still named
2575: 2570: 2464: 2459: 2449: 2434: 2371: 2366: 2245: 2220: 2167: 2157: 2142: 2137: 2122: 2017: 1982: 1952: 1807:"Belenus, Cybele, and Attis: Echoes of their Cults through the Centuries" 916: 787: 763: 751: 706: 686: 682: 647:
writes that the deity probably pre-existed the Roman period. Philologist
615: 502: 130: 129:), appears in some 51 inscriptions. Although most of them are located in 76: 1823: 1806: 2555: 2550: 2494: 2454: 2429: 2406: 2381: 2361: 2323: 2305: 2300: 2280: 2215: 2147: 2087: 2072: 2057: 2042: 1997: 1957: 1947: 1536:
Gravil, Richard (2003), Gravil, Richard (ed.), "Among the Men of Old",
912: 871: 847: 710: 694: 652: 589: 577: 454: 409: 319: 275: 154: 146: 142: 111: 52: 42: 1251:"El jinete desnudo y la silla de montar de la estela de Iruña (Alava)" 754:(later 4th century AD) alludes to sanctuaries dedicated to Belenus in 434:
forest in Brittany. The names of the Welsh and Irish ancestor-figures
2621: 2469: 2444: 2356: 2285: 2270: 2265: 2127: 2117: 2112: 2102: 2032: 2022: 737: 656: 560: 264: 134: 90: 1276:
Gricourt, Daniel; Dominique, Hollard (2002). "Lugus et le cheval".
2631: 2489: 2484: 2290: 2260: 2255: 2240: 2082: 2067: 2037: 1987: 1972: 1967: 1311: 1309: 1307: 1305: 1303: 1301: 1299: 775: 745: 741: 723: 602:
The god was venerated as Apollo Belenus at the curative shrine of
583: 413: 138: 655:
towards the nearby towns of Aquileia and Iulium Carnicum (modern
416:'). The Brittonic variant of the name could be the source of the 2565: 2047: 1923: 364: 1884: 168:
was probably the original form, which also appears in the name
1108:(1 ed.), Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, p. 79, 778:
worshipped Belenus in association with health giving waters.
497:
could thus have been used to hold hallucinogenic substances.
185:), a Welsh leader who died in 627 AD. Known variants include 2184: 2176: 800:
in 1337 AD), present-day eastern France, and the place name
740:), a town close to the border with Noricum inhabited by the 510:- ('strong, powerful') attached to the intensifying suffix - 1142: 1140: 1138: 1136: 1134: 1132: 1208: 1206: 1169: 1167: 1062: 1060: 1058: 1056: 1054: 1442: 1440: 1438: 987: 985: 983: 970: 968: 966: 964: 962: 960: 958: 956: 736:
Belenus was an important god of Iulium Carnicum (modern
1029: 1027: 1025: 854:
to protect the cattle against diseases and witchcraft.
532:
can probably be translated as 'Worthy of Power', from
350:
have also argued that the name may derive from a root
1641:
Supernatural beings from Slovenian myth and folktales
1249:
de Aspuru, José Ignacio San Vicente González (2008).
2612: 2584: 2536: 2518: 2420: 2347: 2314: 2196: 1940: 1843:(1999). "On Henbane and Early European Narcotics". 1598:(2006). "Belenos/Belinos". In Koch, John T. (ed.). 412:with the names of two deities, or else 'strong as 37:"Belenos" redirects here. For the rugby club, see 522:, and compares the name with the Gaulish theonym 380:. A tribal leader of pre-Roman Britain was named 500:According to Delamarre, the name of the goddess 457:, a hallucinogenic plant also known in Latin as 651:thinks that the worship of Belenus spread from 290:- ('strong, powerful') attached to the suffix - 1315: 1896: 1327:Nicole Jufer & Thierry Luginbühl (2001). 8: 866:, attested in the 19th century by historian 823:Beléna, Beléstis Augústa, Beléstris, Belínca 121:), which is a latinized form of the Gaulish 1008: 1006: 1004: 1002: 1000: 368:is now widely rejected by modern scholars. 334:), a psychoactive plant which was known as 253:'grey'). This theory was encouraged by the 1903: 1889: 1881: 1707:Lexikon der keltischen Religion und Kultur 1422:Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia. 1366:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 473:, appears to be the source of the Spanish 1822: 1784: 1600:Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia 1540:, Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 11–32, 1498: 1486: 1474: 1458: 1404: 1392: 1380: 1236: 1224: 1212: 1197: 1185: 1158: 1146: 1078: 1066: 1045: 1012: 935: 298:as the 'Master of Power'. Alternatively, 67:. The cult of Belenus stretched from the 915:franchise often swear by "Belenos" and " 286:may rather derive from the Gaulish stem 1663:The Oxford Companion to World Mythology 1538:Wordsworth’s Bardic Vocation, 1787–1842 1173: 1033: 991: 974: 947: 928: 422:ward in London, although this may be a 224:, interpreted as 'white, shining' (cf. 1446: 1359: 1347: 1345: 294:('lord, master'), which would lead to 1090: 7: 1845:Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie 1729:Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie 1578:Dictionary of Celtic Myth and Legend 89:, Belenus was often identified with 506:appears to be built on a same stem 481:could also have been borrowed into 404:) goes back to a similar compound * 267:', a divinity with sun attributes. 75:, with a main sanctuary located at 518:-, attached to an unknown suffix - 477:('henbane'). The Gallo-Roman term 426:, and possibly of the fountain of 25: 635:, Belenus was seen as a "typical 1685:A dictionary of Celtic mythology 1354:Geschichte und Kultur der Kelten 469:, cited as a poisonous plant by 453:(Βελενούντιαν), designating the 1424:Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, Inc. 461:, may be a derivative form of 394:. The Old Welsh personal name 1: 1278:Dialogues d'histoire ancienne 685:mentions Belenus' worship in 559:In ancient Gaul and Britain, 540:('worthy, good, deserving'). 1512:"Small-Body Database Lookup" 643:origin of the cult. Scholar 362:- with the Phoenician deity 348:Patrizia de Bernardo Stempel 2673:Gods of the ancient Britons 1687:. Oxford University Press. 1665:. Oxford University Press. 728:Bowl dedicated to Belenus ( 2704: 1811:Studia mythologica Slavica 1773:Studia mythologica Slavica 1574:Aldhouse-Green, Miranda J. 36: 29: 2174: 1919: 1857:10.1515/zcph.1999.51.1.17 1331:Paris: Editions Errance. 631:According to philologist 1352:Maier, Bernhard (2012). 1188:, pp. 30–34, 39–40. 730:Marseille History Museum 536:- ('power') attached to 274:notes that the proposed 1639:Kropej, Monika (2012). 1546:10.1057/9780230510333_2 862:The Slovenian divinity 63:) is an ancient Celtic 2190: 2182: 1741:10.1515/zcph-2017-0007 1420:Koch, John T. (2006). 770:). At Aquae Borvonis ( 733: 645:Miranda Aldhouse-Green 430:(now Bérenton) in the 30:For the asteroid, see 2188: 2180: 1786:10.3986/sms.v4i0.1807 1725:Prósper, Blanca María 1580:. Thames and Hudson. 1290:10.3406/dha.2002.2475 727: 446:may also be related. 526:. The personal name 256:interpretatio romana 162:Blanca María Prósper 86:interpretatio romana 41:. For the star, see 1922:Ancient deities of 1824:10.3986/SMS20222511 1316:Aldhouse-Green 1997 697:. Dedications to a 489:(cf. modern German 218:Proto-Indo-European 2538:Gallia Narbonensis 2191: 2183: 1803:Šašel Kos, Marjeta 1765:Šašel Kos, Marjeta 734: 565:names and epithets 338:in Gaulish and as 318:, designating the 302:has proposed that 2645: 2644: 2594:Matronae Aufaniae 2586:Germania Inferior 2063:Ialonus Contrebis 1716:978-3-520-46601-3 1672:978-0-19-515669-0 1659:Leeming, David A. 1650:978-961-254-428-7 1618:Delamarre, Xavier 1609:978-1-85109-440-0 1587:978-0-500-27975-5 1555:978-0-230-51033-3 1477:, pp. 34–35. 1318:, pp. 30–31. 1239:, pp. 30–31. 1115:978-3-7001-7369-4 1081:, pp. 24–27. 1048:, pp. 24–25. 911:The Gauls of the 895:The minor planet 790:. The river name 649:Marjeta Šašel Kos 599:, among others). 449:The Gaulish term 249: 242: 234: 227: 212:The etymology of 181:(from an earlier 69:Italian Peninsula 16:(Redirected from 2695: 2520:Gallia Cisalpina 2316:Gallia Aquitania 1912:Celtic mythology 1905: 1898: 1891: 1882: 1876: 1841:Schrijver, Peter 1836: 1826: 1798: 1788: 1760: 1720: 1698: 1681:MacKillop, James 1676: 1654: 1635: 1613: 1591: 1559: 1558: 1533: 1527: 1526: 1524: 1522: 1516:ssd.jpl.nasa.gov 1508: 1502: 1496: 1490: 1484: 1478: 1472: 1466: 1456: 1450: 1444: 1433: 1418: 1412: 1402: 1396: 1390: 1384: 1378: 1372: 1371: 1365: 1357: 1349: 1340: 1325: 1319: 1313: 1294: 1293: 1273: 1267: 1266: 1255:Hispania Antiqua 1246: 1240: 1234: 1228: 1222: 1216: 1210: 1201: 1195: 1189: 1183: 1177: 1171: 1162: 1161:, p. 27–28. 1156: 1150: 1144: 1127: 1126: 1100: 1094: 1088: 1082: 1076: 1070: 1064: 1049: 1043: 1037: 1031: 1020: 1010: 995: 989: 978: 972: 951: 945: 939: 933: 842:Medieval Ireland 676:Gallia Cisalpina 471:Pseudo-Aristotle 272:Xavier Delamarre 263:as the 'Gaulish 247: 240: 232: 225: 179: 21: 18:Apollo Vindonnus 2703: 2702: 2698: 2697: 2696: 2694: 2693: 2692: 2648: 2647: 2646: 2641: 2608: 2580: 2532: 2514: 2416: 2343: 2310: 2192: 2172: 2053:Genii Cucullati 1936: 1915: 1909: 1879: 1839: 1801: 1763: 1723: 1717: 1703:Maier, Bernhard 1701: 1695: 1679: 1673: 1657: 1651: 1643:. Založba ZRC. 1638: 1632: 1616: 1610: 1596:Birkhan, Helmut 1594: 1588: 1572: 1568: 1563: 1562: 1556: 1535: 1534: 1530: 1520: 1518: 1510: 1509: 1505: 1497: 1493: 1485: 1481: 1473: 1469: 1457: 1453: 1445: 1436: 1419: 1415: 1403: 1399: 1391: 1387: 1379: 1375: 1358: 1351: 1350: 1343: 1326: 1322: 1314: 1297: 1275: 1274: 1270: 1248: 1247: 1243: 1235: 1231: 1223: 1219: 1211: 1204: 1196: 1192: 1184: 1180: 1172: 1165: 1157: 1153: 1145: 1130: 1116: 1102: 1101: 1097: 1089: 1085: 1077: 1073: 1065: 1052: 1044: 1040: 1032: 1023: 1011: 998: 990: 981: 973: 954: 946: 942: 934: 930: 925: 909: 907:Popular culture 901:named after him 893: 888: 860: 858:Modern Slovenia 844: 839: 837:Related beliefs 784: 719:Iulium Carnicum 691:Maximinus Thrax 665: 629: 624: 622:Historical cult 557: 483:Old High German 374: 300:Peter Schrijver 210: 173: 108: 103: 83:coast. Through 46: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 2701: 2699: 2691: 2690: 2688:Summer deities 2685: 2680: 2675: 2670: 2665: 2660: 2650: 2649: 2643: 2642: 2640: 2639: 2634: 2629: 2624: 2618: 2616: 2610: 2609: 2607: 2606: 2601: 2596: 2590: 2588: 2582: 2581: 2579: 2578: 2573: 2568: 2566:Lero et Lerina 2563: 2558: 2553: 2548: 2542: 2540: 2534: 2533: 2531: 2530: 2524: 2522: 2516: 2515: 2513: 2512: 2507: 2502: 2497: 2492: 2487: 2482: 2477: 2472: 2467: 2462: 2457: 2452: 2447: 2442: 2437: 2432: 2426: 2424: 2422:Gallia Celtica 2418: 2417: 2415: 2414: 2409: 2404: 2399: 2394: 2389: 2384: 2379: 2374: 2369: 2364: 2359: 2353: 2351: 2349:Gallia Belgica 2345: 2344: 2342: 2341: 2336: 2331: 2326: 2320: 2318: 2312: 2311: 2309: 2308: 2303: 2298: 2293: 2288: 2283: 2278: 2273: 2268: 2263: 2258: 2253: 2248: 2243: 2238: 2233: 2228: 2223: 2218: 2213: 2208: 2202: 2200: 2194: 2193: 2175: 2173: 2171: 2170: 2165: 2160: 2155: 2150: 2145: 2140: 2135: 2130: 2125: 2120: 2115: 2110: 2105: 2100: 2095: 2090: 2085: 2080: 2075: 2070: 2065: 2060: 2055: 2050: 2045: 2040: 2035: 2030: 2025: 2020: 2015: 2010: 2005: 2000: 1995: 1990: 1985: 1980: 1975: 1970: 1965: 1960: 1955: 1950: 1944: 1942: 1941:Supra-regional 1938: 1937: 1920: 1917: 1916: 1910: 1908: 1907: 1900: 1893: 1885: 1878: 1877: 1837: 1799: 1761: 1721: 1715: 1699: 1693: 1677: 1671: 1655: 1649: 1636: 1630: 1614: 1608: 1592: 1586: 1569: 1567: 1564: 1561: 1560: 1554: 1528: 1503: 1499:Šašel Kos 2001 1491: 1487:Šašel Kos 2001 1479: 1475:Schrijver 1999 1467: 1459:MacKillop 2004 1451: 1449:, p. 217. 1434: 1413: 1405:MacKillop 2004 1397: 1395:, p. 229. 1393:Šašel Kos 2022 1385: 1381:Schrijver 1999 1373: 1341: 1320: 1295: 1268: 1257:(32): 75, 78. 1241: 1237:Schrijver 1999 1229: 1225:Schrijver 1999 1217: 1213:Delamarre 2003 1202: 1198:Schrijver 1999 1190: 1186:Schrijver 1999 1178: 1176:, p. 262. 1163: 1159:Schrijver 1999 1151: 1149:, p. 228. 1147:Šašel Kos 2022 1128: 1114: 1095: 1083: 1079:Schrijver 1999 1071: 1067:Delamarre 2003 1050: 1046:Schrijver 1999 1038: 1021: 1013:MacKillop 2004 996: 994:, p. 258. 979: 977:, p. 195. 952: 940: 936:Schrijver 1999 927: 926: 924: 921: 908: 905: 892: 889: 887: 884: 859: 856: 843: 840: 838: 835: 783: 780: 664: 661: 633:Helmut Birkhan 628: 625: 623: 620: 556: 553: 465:. The variant 424:folk etymology 373: 370: 344:Bernhard Maier 278:stemming from 209: 206: 107: 104: 102: 99: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2700: 2689: 2686: 2684: 2683:Horse deities 2681: 2679: 2676: 2674: 2671: 2669: 2666: 2664: 2661: 2659: 2656: 2655: 2653: 2638: 2635: 2633: 2630: 2628: 2625: 2623: 2620: 2619: 2617: 2615: 2611: 2605: 2602: 2600: 2597: 2595: 2592: 2591: 2589: 2587: 2583: 2577: 2574: 2572: 2569: 2567: 2564: 2562: 2559: 2557: 2554: 2552: 2549: 2547: 2544: 2543: 2541: 2539: 2535: 2529: 2526: 2525: 2523: 2521: 2517: 2511: 2508: 2506: 2503: 2501: 2498: 2496: 2493: 2491: 2488: 2486: 2483: 2481: 2478: 2476: 2473: 2471: 2468: 2466: 2463: 2461: 2458: 2456: 2453: 2451: 2448: 2446: 2443: 2441: 2438: 2436: 2433: 2431: 2428: 2427: 2425: 2423: 2419: 2413: 2410: 2408: 2405: 2403: 2400: 2398: 2395: 2393: 2390: 2388: 2385: 2383: 2380: 2378: 2375: 2373: 2370: 2368: 2365: 2363: 2360: 2358: 2355: 2354: 2352: 2350: 2346: 2340: 2337: 2335: 2332: 2330: 2327: 2325: 2322: 2321: 2319: 2317: 2313: 2307: 2304: 2302: 2299: 2297: 2294: 2292: 2289: 2287: 2284: 2282: 2279: 2277: 2274: 2272: 2269: 2267: 2264: 2262: 2259: 2257: 2254: 2252: 2249: 2247: 2244: 2242: 2239: 2237: 2234: 2232: 2229: 2227: 2224: 2222: 2219: 2217: 2214: 2212: 2209: 2207: 2204: 2203: 2201: 2199: 2195: 2187: 2179: 2169: 2166: 2164: 2161: 2159: 2156: 2154: 2151: 2149: 2146: 2144: 2141: 2139: 2136: 2134: 2131: 2129: 2126: 2124: 2121: 2119: 2116: 2114: 2111: 2109: 2106: 2104: 2101: 2099: 2096: 2094: 2091: 2089: 2086: 2084: 2081: 2079: 2076: 2074: 2071: 2069: 2066: 2064: 2061: 2059: 2056: 2054: 2051: 2049: 2046: 2044: 2041: 2039: 2036: 2034: 2031: 2029: 2026: 2024: 2021: 2019: 2016: 2014: 2011: 2009: 2006: 2004: 2001: 1999: 1996: 1994: 1991: 1989: 1986: 1984: 1981: 1979: 1976: 1974: 1971: 1969: 1966: 1964: 1961: 1959: 1956: 1954: 1951: 1949: 1946: 1945: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1918: 1913: 1906: 1901: 1899: 1894: 1892: 1887: 1886: 1883: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1825: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1787: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1712: 1709:. A. Kröner. 1708: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1694:0-19-860967-1 1690: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1646: 1642: 1637: 1633: 1631:9782877723695 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1570: 1565: 1557: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1532: 1529: 1517: 1513: 1507: 1504: 1500: 1495: 1492: 1489:, p. 14. 1488: 1483: 1480: 1476: 1471: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1455: 1452: 1448: 1443: 1441: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1430:1-85109-440-7 1427: 1423: 1417: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1401: 1398: 1394: 1389: 1386: 1383:, p. 24. 1382: 1377: 1374: 1369: 1363: 1355: 1348: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1337:2-87772-200-7 1334: 1330: 1324: 1321: 1317: 1312: 1310: 1308: 1306: 1304: 1302: 1300: 1296: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1272: 1269: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1245: 1242: 1238: 1233: 1230: 1227:, p. 26. 1226: 1221: 1218: 1215:, p. 71. 1214: 1209: 1207: 1203: 1200:, p. 27. 1199: 1194: 1191: 1187: 1182: 1179: 1175: 1170: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1155: 1152: 1148: 1143: 1141: 1139: 1137: 1135: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1124:j.ctv8mdn28.8 1121: 1117: 1111: 1107: 1099: 1096: 1093:, p. 40. 1092: 1087: 1084: 1080: 1075: 1072: 1069:, p. 72. 1068: 1063: 1061: 1059: 1057: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1042: 1039: 1036:, p. 48. 1035: 1030: 1028: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1009: 1007: 1005: 1003: 1001: 997: 993: 988: 986: 984: 980: 976: 971: 969: 967: 965: 963: 961: 959: 957: 953: 949: 944: 941: 937: 932: 929: 922: 920: 918: 914: 906: 904: 902: 898: 897:11284 Belenus 890: 885: 883: 881: 877: 873: 869: 865: 857: 855: 853: 849: 841: 836: 834: 832: 828: 824: 820: 815: 813: 809: 805: 804: 799: 795: 794: 789: 781: 779: 777: 773: 772:Bourbon-Lancy 769: 765: 761: 757: 753: 749: 747: 743: 739: 731: 726: 722: 720: 716: 712: 708: 704: 700: 696: 692: 688: 684: 679: 677: 673: 669: 662: 660: 658: 654: 650: 646: 642: 641:Common Celtic 638: 634: 626: 621: 619: 617: 613: 609: 605: 604:Sainte-Sabine 600: 598: 597: 592: 591: 586: 585: 580: 579: 574: 570: 566: 562: 554: 552: 550: 546: 541: 539: 535: 531: 530: 525: 521: 517: 513: 509: 505: 504: 498: 496: 492: 488: 484: 480: 476: 472: 468: 464: 460: 456: 452: 447: 445: 444: 439: 438: 433: 429: 425: 421: 420: 415: 411: 407: 403: 402: 397: 393: 389: 385: 384: 379: 372:Related terms 371: 369: 367: 366: 361: 357: 356:Fons B(eleni) 353: 349: 345: 341: 337: 333: 329: 325: 321: 317: 313: 312:Indo-European 310:-stem of the 309: 305: 301: 297: 293: 289: 285: 281: 277: 273: 268: 266: 262: 258: 257: 252: 245: 238: 230: 223: 219: 215: 207: 205: 204: 200: 196: 192: 188: 184: 180: 177: 172: 167: 163: 158: 156: 152: 148: 144: 140: 136: 132: 128: 124: 120: 116: 113: 105: 100: 98: 96: 92: 88: 87: 82: 78: 74: 73:British Isles 70: 66: 62: 58: 54: 50: 44: 40: 33: 32:11284 Belenus 19: 2668:Gaulish gods 2392:Iovantucarus 2231:Belatucadros 2181:Celtic wheel 1977: 1963:Anextiomarus 1921: 1851:(1): 17–45. 1848: 1844: 1814: 1810: 1776: 1772: 1732: 1728: 1706: 1684: 1662: 1640: 1621: 1602:. ABC-CLIO. 1599: 1577: 1566:Bibliography 1537: 1531: 1519:. Retrieved 1515: 1506: 1501:, p. 9. 1494: 1482: 1470: 1462: 1454: 1421: 1416: 1408: 1400: 1388: 1376: 1353: 1328: 1323: 1281: 1277: 1271: 1254: 1244: 1232: 1220: 1193: 1181: 1174:Prósper 2017 1154: 1105: 1098: 1086: 1074: 1041: 1034:Leeming 2005 1016: 992:Prósper 2017 975:Birkhan 2006 948:Birkhan 2006 943: 931: 910: 894: 879: 875: 863: 861: 845: 822: 818: 816: 811: 807: 801: 797: 791: 785: 750: 735: 698: 681:Around 240, 680: 672:Eastern Alps 666: 630: 618:(Burgundy). 611: 607: 601: 594: 588: 582: 576: 572: 568: 558: 548: 544: 542: 537: 533: 527: 524:Belisa-maros 523: 519: 515: 511: 507: 501: 499: 494: 490: 486: 478: 474: 466: 462: 458: 450: 448: 441: 435: 427: 419:Billingsgate 417: 406:lugu-belinos 405: 399: 395: 387: 381: 377: 375: 363: 359: 355: 351: 339: 335: 331: 327: 326:, Germanic * 323: 315: 307: 306:might be an 303: 295: 291: 287: 283: 279: 269: 260: 254: 250: 243: 236: 228: 221: 213: 211: 202: 198: 194: 190: 189:and perhaps 186: 182: 169: 165: 164:argues that 159: 126: 122: 118: 114: 109: 106:Attestations 95:Roman period 84: 60: 56: 48: 47: 27:Celtic deity 2678:Health gods 2663:Celtic gods 2627:Endovelicus 2377:Icovellauna 2276:Ricagambeda 2153:Telesphorus 2108:Nantosuelta 1624:. Errance. 1447:Kropej 2012 1356:. C.H.Beck. 868:Simon Rutar 808:apud Belnam 699:Fons Beleni 567:(including 549:Belanetepos 545:Belinatepos 491:Bilsenkraut 459:apollinaris 432:Brocéliande 386:(Old Welsh 383:Cunobelinos 340:apollinaris 322:(cf. Welsh 174: [ 65:healing god 2652:Categories 2604:Nehalennia 2561:Cathubodua 2528:Ambisagrus 2475:Moritasgus 2440:Atepomarus 2397:Veraudunus 2339:Sexarbores 2211:Alaisiagae 1284:(2): 136. 1091:Maier 1994 923:References 827:Podljubelj 768:Alpi Graie 703:Diocletian 668:Tertullian 596:Moritasgus 529:Bellovesus 451:belenuntia 408:(either a 392:theophoric 342:in Latin. 336:belenuntia 246:'pallor', 39:Belenos RC 2614:Gallaecia 2599:Gebrinius 2505:Smertrios 2412:Xulsigiae 2402:Vindonnus 2387:Intarabus 2296:Vinotonus 2251:Coventina 2236:Britannia 2226:Arnemetia 2206:Abandinus 2198:Britannia 2163:Virotutis 2078:Loucetios 2028:Dis Pater 2013:Cissonius 2008:Cicolluis 2003:Cernunnos 1993:Brigantia 1934:by region 1932:Gallaecia 1873:162678252 1865:1865-889X 1833:1581-128X 1795:1581-128X 1757:165188823 1749:1865-889X 1521:3 January 1362:cite book 1263:1130-0515 852:Midsummer 831:Karawanks 760:Marseille 756:Aquitania 715:Concordia 663:Locations 608:Vindonnus 573:Vindonnus 437:Beli Mawr 330:, Slavic 328:bel(u)nōn 239:'white', 231:'white', 208:Etymology 160:Linguist 79:, on the 2576:Rudianos 2571:Nemausus 2546:Albiorix 2500:Souconna 2465:Nemetona 2460:Luxovius 2450:Gobannus 2435:Anvallus 2372:Arvernus 2367:Arduinna 2246:Cocidius 2221:Andraste 2168:Visucius 2158:Toutatis 2143:Suleviae 2138:Sucellus 2123:Rosmerta 2018:Condatis 1983:Belisama 1953:Alisanos 1805:(2022). 1779:: 9–16. 1767:(2001). 1705:(1994). 1683:(2004). 1661:(2005). 1620:(2003). 1576:(1997). 917:Toutatis 848:Beltaine 819:Belestis 788:Belisama 752:Ausonius 707:Maximian 687:Aquileia 683:Herodian 616:Essarois 555:Epithets 503:Belisama 467:belenion 428:Belenton 401:Llywelyn 398:(modern 388:Conbelin 276:cognates 187:Bellinus 131:Aquileia 81:Adriatic 77:Aquileia 2556:Buxenus 2551:Artaius 2495:Sequana 2455:Icaunis 2430:Acionna 2407:Vosegus 2382:Inciona 2362:Ancamna 2324:Abellio 2306:Veteris 2301:Verbeia 2281:Satiada 2216:Ancasta 2189:Taranis 2148:Taranis 2098:Matrona 2088:Maponos 2073:Litavis 2058:Grannus 2043:Erecura 1998:Camulus 1978:Belenus 1958:Andarta 1948:Alaunus 1928:Britain 1769:"Belin" 1463:Belenus 1461:, s.v. 1409:Belenus 1407:, s.v. 1017:Belenus 1015:, s.v. 913:Asterix 891:Science 880:berlina 872:Belibog 829:in the 782:Consort 774:), the 711:Altinum 695:Brennos 653:Noricum 637:Karnian 610:(from * 590:Maponus 578:Grannos 569:Belenus 495:Beleino 463:Belenos 455:henbane 410:dvandva 396:Liuelin 378:Beligna 320:henbane 304:Belenos 296:Belenos 284:Belenos 280:*bʰelH- 261:Belenos 222:*bʰelH- 214:Belenos 183:Belinos 166:Belinos 155:Ireland 151:Britain 147:Illyria 143:Noricum 127:Belinos 123:Belenos 119:Belinus 115:Belenus 112:theonym 71:to the 61:Belinos 57:Belenos 53:Gaulish 49:Belenus 43:HD 8574 2658:Apollo 2622:Bandua 2470:Moccus 2445:Bricta 2357:Abnoba 2286:Senuna 2271:Ocelus 2266:Nodens 2133:Sirona 2128:Segomo 2118:Ritona 2113:Ogmios 2103:Mogons 2093:Matres 2033:Divona 2023:Damona 1914:series 1871:  1863:  1831:  1793:  1755:  1747:  1713:  1691:  1669:  1647:  1628:  1606:  1584:  1552:  1428:  1335:  1261:  1122:  1112:  886:Legacy 876:beliči 812:Belenā 803:Bienne 793:Bienne 738:Zuglio 657:Zuglio 627:Origin 561:Apollo 508:bel(o) 487:bilisa 479:belisa 475:beleño 352:*gelH- 332:*bъlnъ 314:root * 265:Apollo 237:phalós 235:φαλός 229:báltas 201:, and 135:Friuli 91:Apollo 2632:Nabia 2490:Robor 2485:Naria 2480:Mullo 2334:Fagus 2291:Sulis 2261:Latis 2256:Iouga 2241:Clota 2083:Lugus 2068:Lenus 2038:Epona 1988:Borvo 1973:Aveta 1968:Artio 1869:S2CID 1753:S2CID 1735:(1). 1120:JSTOR 864:Belin 798:Biena 776:Aedui 764:Nîmes 746:Celje 742:Carni 612:windo 584:Borvo 538:uesus 534:bello 516:beles 512:isama 414:Lugus 316:bʰel- 248:Goth. 226:Lith. 220:root 203:Bile. 191:Belus 178:] 171:Belyn 2637:Reue 2510:Telo 2329:Baco 2048:Esus 1930:and 1924:Gaul 1861:ISSN 1829:ISSN 1791:ISSN 1745:ISSN 1711:ISBN 1689:ISBN 1667:ISBN 1645:ISBN 1626:ISBN 1604:ISBN 1582:ISBN 1550:ISBN 1523:2023 1426:ISBN 1368:link 1333:ISBN 1259:ISSN 1110:ISBN 821:(or 762:and 717:and 705:and 674:and 443:Bile 440:and 365:Baal 346:and 324:bela 288:belo 251:bala 241:Arm. 199:Beli 157:. 153:and 139:Gaul 125:(or 117:(or 110:The 101:Name 1853:doi 1819:doi 1781:doi 1737:doi 1542:doi 1286:doi 919:." 899:is 659:). 547:or 485:as 360:bel 292:nos 259:of 244:bal 233:Grk 195:Bel 2654:: 1926:, 1867:. 1859:. 1849:51 1847:. 1827:. 1817:. 1815:25 1813:. 1809:. 1789:. 1775:. 1771:. 1751:. 1743:. 1733:64 1731:. 1548:, 1514:. 1437:^ 1364:}} 1360:{{ 1344:^ 1298:^ 1282:28 1280:. 1253:. 1205:^ 1166:^ 1131:^ 1118:, 1053:^ 1024:^ 999:^ 982:^ 955:^ 903:. 833:. 814:. 732:). 713:, 593:, 587:, 581:, 575:, 571:, 520:ma 197:, 176:cy 149:, 145:, 141:, 97:. 59:, 55:: 1904:e 1897:t 1890:v 1875:. 1855:: 1835:. 1821:: 1797:. 1783:: 1777:4 1759:. 1739:: 1719:. 1697:. 1675:. 1653:. 1634:. 1612:. 1590:. 1544:: 1525:. 1465:. 1432:. 1411:. 1370:) 1339:. 1292:. 1288:: 1265:. 1019:. 806:( 796:( 721:. 308:o 133:( 51:( 45:. 34:. 20:)

Index

Apollo Vindonnus
11284 Belenus
Belenos RC
HD 8574
Gaulish
healing god
Italian Peninsula
British Isles
Aquileia
Adriatic
interpretatio romana
Apollo
Roman period
theonym
Aquileia
Friuli
Gaul
Noricum
Illyria
Britain
Ireland
Blanca María Prósper
Belyn
cy
Proto-Indo-European
interpretatio romana
Apollo
Xavier Delamarre
cognates
Peter Schrijver

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