544:
520:
66:
568:
44:
556:
532:
438:
It was cultivated by the Greeks and Romans and commonly used in mediaeval gardens. Until the 19th century it was the most important species of rose to be cultivated, and most modern
European rose cultivars have at least a small contribution from
340:, the Gallica Group roses. Their exact ancestry is usually unknown and other species may be involved. They are easily cultivated. The Gallica Group roses share the vegetative characters of the species:
1187:
301:-compound, with three to seven bluish-green leaflets. The flowers are clustered one to four together, on glandular pedicels. Each flower has five or more petals, sometimes producing
1495:
1384:
1446:
1397:
908:
899:
1590:
1518:
543:
826:
1692:
457:
1358:
1324:
1319:
849:
1687:
733:
Song, Young-Ran; Lim, Won-Chul; Han, Ahram; Lee, Myung-Hee; Shin, Eun Ju; Lee, Kwang-Min; Nam, Tae-Gyu; Lim, Tae-Gyu (2020-08-23).
519:
1433:
676:
Lee, Myung-hee; Nam, Tae Gyu; Lee, Inil; Shin, Eun Ju; Han, Ah-ram; Lee, Pomjoo; Lee, Sung-Young; Lim, Tae-Gyu (2018-10-25).
1569:
1451:
1482:
904:
555:
290:
567:
1293:
1270:
453:
449:
is easily cultivated on well drained soil in full sun to semishade; it can survive temperatures down to −25 °C.
1603:
1500:
678:"Skin anti-inflammatory activity of rose petal extract (Rosa gallica) through reduction of MAPK signaling pathway"
1682:
1523:
1058:
1608:
1006:
1140:
865:
65:
1376:
531:
1371:
1213:
1088:
655:"Minnesota trees and shrubs: an illustrated manual of the native and cultivated woody plants of the State"
1298:
1032:
788:
954:
379:
182:
1402:
1114:
886:
592:
497:'Cardinal de Richelieu' (Parmentier pre-1847; withdrawn) – this rose was used as a starting point for
1510:
1332:
980:
654:
498:
421:
1474:
1158:
1649:
770:
206:
60:
1641:
1595:
1251:
362:
Plants with semidouble deep pink flowers have been treated as either a variety, under the name
1544:
1306:
845:
822:
762:
754:
715:
697:
624:
1549:
1425:
928:
746:
705:
689:
252:
43:
1531:
302:
248:
103:
378:'Officinalis'. It is also called the apothecary's rose, the crimson damask rose, or the
1677:
1577:
735:"Rose Petal Extract (Rosa gallica) Exerts Skin Whitening and Anti-Skin Wrinkle Effects"
710:
677:
337:
90:
17:
1671:
1582:
774:
383:
198:
1654:
1311:
321:
313:
264:
256:
1275:
1262:
1461:
1631:
1487:
1469:
1410:
1245:
387:
1363:
1236:
758:
701:
1345:
734:
502:
283:
1621:
766:
719:
1559:
750:
1616:
1285:
1230:
391:
371:
306:
149:
116:
1536:
267:
to be cultivated in central Europe. It is a parent of several important
1389:
1202:
298:
244:
139:
1415:
309:
are globose to ovoid, 10–13 mm diameter, and orange to brownish.
693:
483:(sometimes listed as a cultivar 'Officinalis', rather than a variety)
259:
to southern and central Europe eastwards to Turkey and the
Caucasus.
129:
1207:
593:"Rosa portlandica Rössig | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science"
1438:
1350:
347:
flowers can be single, but most commonly are double or semidouble,
286:
77:
294:
159:
1337:
1211:
1203:
Article on the use of RNAi technology to produce a blue rose
819:
The
Ultimate Guide to Roses : a comprehensive selection
350:
colours range from white (rare) to pink and deep purple, and
844:. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136.
653:
Clements, F. E.; Butters, F.K.; Rosendahl, C. O. (1912).
401:'Versicolor', with striped pink blooms, is also known as
452:
The following cultivars and hybrids currently hold the
293:
are various in size and frequency in this species. The
336:
and hybrids close in appearance are considered as a
1220:
420:'Trigintipetala' are considered to be synonyms of
320:has been shown to have properties that reduce
305:. The flowers are fragrant and deep pink. The
289:forming large patches. The slender, straight
8:
1208:
619:
617:
615:
613:
42:
31:
709:
909:United States Department of Agriculture
900:Germplasm Resources Information Network
584:
515:
473:'Duchesse de Montebello' (Laffay 1824)
842:RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants
7:
1511:49162441-4888-4663-9f7e-9581df9ec66b
464:'Beau Narcisse' (Mielles pre-1824)
25:
493:Other notable cultivars include:
1609:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:732569-1
635:. New England Wildflower Society
566:
554:
542:
530:
518:
268:
263:was one of the first species of
64:
1197:New RHS Dictionary of Gardening
866:"BBC plant finder - Rosa mundi"
659:Report of the Botanical Survey
1:
905:Agricultural Research Service
800:, Royal Horticultural Society
467:'Charles de Mills' (pre-1790)
344:forming low suckering shrubs,
324:and wrinkling in human skin.
790:RHS Horticultural Database:
682:Food Science & Nutrition
1693:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
817:Phillips & Rix (2004),
486:'Versicolor' ('Rosa mundi')
454:Royal Horticultural Society
1709:
1093:'Versicolor' (rosa mundi)"
597:Plants of the World Online
470:'Duc de Guiche' (pre-1810)
316:, rose petal extract from
1011:'Duchesse de Montebello'"
739:Journal of Medicinal Food
561:'Versicolor' (Rosa mundi)
332:Cultivars of the species
212:
205:
188:
181:
61:Scientific classification
59:
50:
41:
34:
1688:Plants described in 1753
1195:Huxley, A., ed. (1992).
1145:'Cardinal de Richelieu'"
549:'Ornament de la Nature'
328:Gallica cultivar group
18:Apothecary's Rose
821:, London: Macmillan,
751:10.1089/jmf.2020.4705
501:to produce the first
458:Award of Garden Merit
380:red rose of Lancaster
1037:'Président de Sèze'"
935:. David Austin Roses
357:
959:'Charles de Mills'"
499:genetic engineering
476:'Président de Sèze'
443:in their ancestry.
1665:
1664:
1545:Open Tree of Life
1214:Taxon identifiers
1119:'Tuscany Superb'"
828:978-1-4050-4920-7
525:'Alain Blanchard'
358:Apothecary's rose
224:
223:
219:
16:(Redirected from
1700:
1658:
1657:
1645:
1644:
1635:
1634:
1625:
1624:
1612:
1611:
1599:
1598:
1586:
1585:
1573:
1572:
1563:
1562:
1553:
1552:
1540:
1539:
1527:
1526:
1514:
1513:
1504:
1503:
1491:
1490:
1488:NBNSYS0000034283
1478:
1477:
1465:
1464:
1455:
1454:
1442:
1441:
1429:
1428:
1419:
1418:
1406:
1405:
1393:
1392:
1380:
1379:
1367:
1366:
1354:
1353:
1341:
1340:
1328:
1327:
1315:
1314:
1302:
1301:
1289:
1288:
1279:
1278:
1266:
1265:
1256:
1255:
1254:
1241:
1240:
1239:
1209:
1188:Flora Europaea:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1155:
1149:
1148:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1055:
1049:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1003:
997:
996:
994:
992:
985:'Duc de Guiche'"
977:
971:
970:
968:
966:
951:
945:
944:
942:
940:
933:'Beau Narcisse'"
925:
919:
918:
916:
915:
883:
877:
876:
874:
872:
862:
856:
855:
838:
832:
831:
814:
808:
807:
806:
805:
785:
779:
778:
730:
724:
723:
713:
694:10.1002/fsn3.870
688:(8): 2560–2567.
673:
667:
666:
650:
644:
643:
641:
640:
621:
608:
607:
605:
603:
589:
573:'Tuscany Superb'
570:
558:
546:
534:
522:
489:'Tuscany Superb'
312:In the field of
217:
215:Rosa portlandica
194:
69:
68:
46:
32:
27:Species of plant
21:
1708:
1707:
1703:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1698:
1697:
1683:Flora of Europe
1668:
1667:
1666:
1661:
1653:
1648:
1640:
1638:
1630:
1628:
1620:
1615:
1607:
1602:
1594:
1589:
1581:
1576:
1568:
1566:
1558:
1556:
1548:
1543:
1535:
1532:Observation.org
1530:
1522:
1517:
1509:
1507:
1499:
1494:
1486:
1481:
1473:
1468:
1460:
1459:MichiganFlora:
1458:
1450:
1445:
1437:
1432:
1424:
1422:
1414:
1409:
1401:
1396:
1388:
1383:
1375:
1370:
1362:
1357:
1349:
1344:
1336:
1331:
1323:
1318:
1310:
1305:
1297:
1292:
1284:
1282:
1274:
1269:
1261:
1259:
1250:
1249:
1244:
1235:
1234:
1229:
1216:
1184:
1179:
1178:
1168:
1166:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1124:
1122:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1098:
1096:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1072:
1070:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1042:
1040:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1016:
1014:
1005:
1004:
1000:
990:
988:
979:
978:
974:
964:
962:
953:
952:
948:
938:
936:
927:
926:
922:
913:
911:
885:
884:
880:
870:
868:
864:
863:
859:
852:
840:
839:
835:
829:
816:
815:
811:
803:
801:
787:
786:
782:
732:
731:
727:
675:
674:
670:
652:
651:
647:
638:
636:
623:
622:
611:
601:
599:
591:
590:
586:
581:
574:
571:
562:
559:
550:
547:
538:
535:
526:
523:
514:
436:
360:
330:
303:double corollas
277:
249:flowering plant
241:rose of Provins
201:
196:
190:
177:
174:R. gallica
63:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1706:
1704:
1696:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1670:
1669:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1659:
1655:wfo-0000983164
1646:
1636:
1626:
1613:
1600:
1587:
1574:
1564:
1554:
1541:
1528:
1515:
1505:
1492:
1479:
1466:
1456:
1443:
1430:
1420:
1407:
1394:
1381:
1368:
1355:
1342:
1329:
1316:
1303:
1290:
1280:
1267:
1257:
1242:
1226:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1200:
1193:
1183:
1182:External links
1180:
1177:
1176:
1150:
1132:
1106:
1080:
1050:
1024:
998:
972:
946:
920:
893:trigintipetala
878:
857:
851:978-1405332965
850:
833:
827:
809:
780:
745:(8): 870–878.
725:
668:
645:
609:
583:
582:
580:
577:
576:
575:
572:
565:
563:
560:
553:
551:
548:
541:
539:
536:
529:
527:
524:
517:
513:
510:
509:
508:
505:
491:
490:
487:
484:
477:
474:
471:
468:
465:
435:
432:
414:trigintipetala
359:
356:
355:
354:
353:once flowering
351:
348:
345:
338:cultivar group
329:
326:
276:
273:
222:
221:
210:
209:
203:
202:
197:
186:
185:
179:
178:
171:
169:
165:
164:
157:
153:
152:
147:
143:
142:
137:
133:
132:
127:
120:
119:
114:
107:
106:
101:
94:
93:
88:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
57:
56:
48:
47:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1705:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1656:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1637:
1633:
1627:
1623:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1565:
1561:
1555:
1551:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1506:
1502:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1457:
1453:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1421:
1417:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1281:
1277:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1258:
1253:
1247:
1243:
1238:
1232:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1210:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1194:
1192:
1191:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1164:
1163:'Complicata'"
1162:
1154:
1151:
1146:
1144:
1136:
1133:
1120:
1118:
1110:
1107:
1094:
1092:
1084:
1081:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1054:
1051:
1038:
1036:
1028:
1025:
1012:
1010:
1002:
999:
986:
984:
976:
973:
960:
958:
950:
947:
934:
932:
924:
921:
910:
906:
902:
901:
896:
894:
890:
882:
879:
867:
861:
858:
853:
847:
843:
837:
834:
830:
824:
820:
813:
810:
799:
798:
795:
791:
784:
781:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
729:
726:
721:
717:
712:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
672:
669:
664:
660:
656:
649:
646:
634:
630:
628:
620:
618:
616:
614:
610:
598:
594:
588:
585:
578:
569:
564:
557:
552:
545:
540:
533:
528:
521:
516:
511:
506:
504:
500:
496:
495:
494:
488:
485:
482:
478:
475:
472:
469:
466:
463:
462:
461:
459:
455:
450:
448:
444:
442:
433:
431:
429:
428:
424:
419:
415:
411:
406:
404:
400:
396:
393:
389:
385:
384:county flower
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
352:
349:
346:
343:
342:
341:
339:
335:
327:
325:
323:
319:
315:
310:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
285:
281:
274:
272:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
229:
220:
216:
211:
208:
204:
200:
195:
193:
187:
184:
183:Binomial name
180:
176:
175:
170:
167:
166:
163:
162:
158:
155:
154:
151:
148:
145:
144:
141:
138:
135:
134:
131:
128:
125:
122:
121:
118:
115:
112:
109:
108:
105:
102:
99:
96:
95:
92:
91:Tracheophytes
89:
86:
83:
82:
79:
76:
73:
72:
67:
62:
58:
54:
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
30:
19:
1560:Rosa_gallica
1325:Rosa_gallica
1252:Rosa gallica
1222:Rosa gallica
1221:
1199:. Macmillan.
1196:
1190:Rosa gallica
1189:
1167:. Retrieved
1160:
1153:
1142:
1135:
1123:. Retrieved
1116:
1109:
1097:. Retrieved
1091:Rosa gallica
1090:
1083:
1071:. Retrieved
1064:
1061:Rosa gallica
1060:
1053:
1041:. Retrieved
1034:
1027:
1015:. Retrieved
1008:
1001:
989:. Retrieved
982:
975:
963:. Retrieved
956:
949:
937:. Retrieved
930:
923:
912:. Retrieved
898:
892:
889:Rosa gallica
888:
881:
869:. Retrieved
860:
841:
836:
818:
812:
802:, retrieved
797:
793:
792:Rosa gallica
789:
783:
742:
738:
728:
685:
681:
671:
662:
658:
648:
637:. Retrieved
632:
627:Rosa gallica
626:
600:. Retrieved
596:
587:
537:'Complicata'
507:'Complicata'
492:
480:
451:
447:Rosa gallica
446:
445:
440:
437:
426:
422:
417:
413:
410:Rosa gallica
409:
407:
402:
398:
394:
382:. It is the
375:
367:
363:
361:
333:
331:
322:inflammation
318:Rosa gallica
317:
314:Food science
311:
280:Rosa gallica
279:
278:
261:Rosa gallica
260:
251:in the rose
240:
236:
232:
228:Rosa gallica
227:
226:
225:
214:
213:
192:Rosa gallica
191:
189:
173:
172:
160:
123:
110:
97:
84:
53:Rosa gallica
52:
36:Rosa gallica
35:
29:
1470:NatureServe
1411:iNaturalist
1246:Wikispecies
1065:officinalis
796:officinalis
481:officinalis
434:Cultivation
399:officinalis
368:officinalis
275:Description
237:French rose
233:Gallic rose
104:Angiosperms
55:in Romania
1672:Categories
1639:WisFlora:
1578:Plant List
914:2017-12-18
804:2011-07-24
639:2018-10-07
602:4 February
579:References
441:R. gallica
408:The names
403:Rosa mundi
395:R. gallica
388:Lancashire
376:R. gallica
370:, or as a
364:R. gallica
334:R. gallica
1377:200011253
775:220307850
759:1557-7600
702:2048-7177
633:Go Botany
503:blue rose
427:damascena
299:pinnately
284:deciduous
269:cultivars
168:Species:
74:Kingdom:
1629:VASCAN:
1622:27800151
1617:Tropicos
1583:rjp-1000
1557:PalDat:
1475:2.161166
1439:732569-1
1320:eFloraSA
1283:BioLib:
1231:Wikidata
767:32609563
720:30510758
392:cultivar
372:cultivar
291:prickles
207:Synonyms
150:Rosaceae
146:Family:
117:Eudicots
1390:3002530
1237:Q157668
1169:28 June
1125:28 June
1099:28 June
1073:28 June
1043:28 June
1017:28 June
991:28 June
939:28 June
711:6261181
512:Gallery
245:species
243:, is a
156:Genus:
140:Rosales
136:Order:
78:Plantae
1591:PLANTS
1550:333878
1508:NZOR:
1416:167982
1364:180842
1338:635719
1299:436628
1276:117006
1263:152847
1260:APDB:
1147:. RHS.
965:4 June
871:31 May
848:
825:
773:
765:
757:
718:
708:
700:
295:leaves
257:native
253:family
231:, the
218:Rössig
130:Rosids
1678:Roses
1567:PFI:
1519:NZPCN
1501:74632
1452:24827
1426:11580
1423:IPA:
1359:EUNIS
1351:ROSGA
1312:6WWCX
1286:39751
1165:. RHS
1121:. RHS
1095:. RHS
1069:. RHS
1063:var.
1039:. RHS
1013:. RHS
987:. RHS
961:. RHS
794:var.
771:S2CID
479:var.
397:var.
366:var.
287:shrub
282:is a
239:, or
124:Clade
111:Clade
98:Clade
85:Clade
51:Wild
1642:7604
1632:8896
1604:POWO
1596:ROGA
1570:1983
1537:7329
1524:2922
1496:NCBI
1462:2542
1447:ITIS
1434:IPNI
1403:5351
1398:GRIN
1385:GBIF
1346:EPPO
1294:BOLD
1271:APNI
1171:2021
1161:Rosa
1143:Rosa
1127:2021
1117:Rosa
1101:2021
1075:2021
1045:2021
1035:Rosa
1019:2021
1009:Rosa
993:2021
983:Rosa
967:2021
957:Rosa
941:2021
931:Rosa
873:2013
846:ISBN
823:ISBN
763:PMID
755:ISSN
716:PMID
698:ISSN
604:2021
423:Rosa
418:Rosa
390:. A
307:hips
297:are
265:rose
161:Rosa
1650:WFO
1483:NBN
1372:FNA
1333:EoL
1307:CoL
891:f.
747:doi
706:PMC
690:doi
456:'s
416:or
412:f.
386:of
247:of
1674::
1652::
1619::
1606::
1593::
1580::
1547::
1534::
1521::
1498::
1485::
1472::
1449::
1436::
1413::
1400::
1387::
1374::
1361::
1348::
1335::
1322::
1309::
1296::
1273::
1248::
1233::
907:,
903:.
897:.
769:.
761:.
753:.
743:23
741:.
737:.
714:.
704:.
696:.
684:.
680:.
661:.
657:.
631:.
612:^
595:.
460:.
430:.
425:×
405:.
374:,
271:.
255:,
235:,
199:L.
126::
113::
100::
87::
1173:.
1159:"
1141:"
1129:.
1115:"
1103:.
1089:"
1077:.
1067:"
1059:"
1047:.
1033:"
1021:.
1007:"
995:.
981:"
969:.
955:"
943:.
929:"
917:.
895:"
887:"
875:.
854:.
777:.
749::
722:.
692::
686:6
665:.
663:9
642:.
629:"
625:"
606:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
