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topping 1,000 g (35 oz). Total length is about 30–50 cm (12–20 in), with a tail length of 1–4 cm (0.39–1.57 in). Their superficial similarity with true beavers reflects only their relatively large size (for rodents), strong odor, preference for living in extremely watery / moist habitats, and propensity to gnaw bark and cut branches. Mountain beavers do not fell trees, build dams, live in lodges, or communicate by slapping their tails (their tail is minute). They are predominantly nocturnal and crepuscular in above ground activities. They are known to climb trees a few meters to acquire food in the form of branches and leaves, but otherwise their diet consists mostly of ferns, especially species that are toxic to other animals.
538:
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wilted vegetation which the animal likely uses as a kind of food cache as well as a source of nesting material. Mountain beavers seldom travel more than a few meters from their burrow entrances, taking advantage of the protection such burrows offer from predators such as cougars and owls (though skunks and weasels that also occupy mountain beaver burrows and tunnels may take nestlings as food). They appear to build
799:
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periods of up to 2 hours and 45 minutes throughout the day with 6 or 7 periods of feeding per day. In total they forage for up to 9 hours per day. These animals are physiologically limited to moist microenvironments, with most subspecies occurring only in regions with minimal snowfall and cool winters. They do not appear to be able to conserve body heat or warmth as efficiently as other rodents, nor do they
241:
1138:) and it is not restricted to mountains. "Boomer" refers to the loud vocalizations that these usually-solitary animals make when in social situations, but this has not been recorded nor verified. Lewis and Clark originally called the animal "sewellel", a misunderstanding of the Chinook word "she-wal-lal", the name for garments made from the skin of the creature. See Borrecco and Anderson, 1980.
36:
1887:
1113:. Originally listed in 1991, the Point Arena mountain beaver is distinguished by its black colouration and by characteristic body proportions, including a smaller overall size. The principal threat to this subspecies is habitat loss and fragmentation; its remaining range comprises a disjunct region of 24 square miles (62 km) in western
1076:
are 5 to 10 years – fairly long for rodents. They are not social, though home ranges can overlap. While mountain beavers are generally solitary creatures, they may form groups due to suitable habitat and food resources being in a small area; population densities vary widely because of this.
967:
and the animals will sit on their hindquarters and manipulate food with their forelimbs and incisors. Mountain beavers are asocial and generally do not live in shared burrows. Burrows usually consist of a network of tunnels built in deep soil. The entrances to these burrows often contain clumps of
890:
regions of the North
American Pacific coast and moist microenvironments inland due to their inability to obtain sufficient water in more arid environments. It is thought that Aplodontia prefer vegetation high in water content due to their poor ability to concentrate urine which makes it necessary to
806:
Mountain beavers are usually dark gray or brown, but their fur can range from slightly more reddish (rufa) to more blackish depending on subspecies, with a light patch under each ear. The animals have distinctively short tails. Adults weigh about 500–900 g (18–32 oz), with a few specimens
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has maintained a program to exterminate the mountain beaver due to beavers causing economic damage to commercial reforestation. Damage control measures taken to protect forest trees by controlling the mountain beaver population include trapping, placing toxic baits, and placing physical barriers
972:
mounds at some burrow entrances, but whether this behavior is related to water regulation, curing food, or gathering nest materials is debated. Mountain beavers are partially nocturnal, spending more time active at night than the day but still active during both periods. They actively feed in
1057:
Mountain beavers are considered pests in areas of the
Pacific Northwest because of the extensive damage they cause to forest trees due to basal-grinding (removal of bark), branch cutting, or clipping small sapling and seedlings. This damage often poses a problem for forest management and
1071:
The breeding season is between
January and March, with two or three young born February to April. The ovulation period lasts a few weeks and gestation lasts for a month. The young are born hairless, pink, and blind. They are weaned at 6 to 8 weeks and leave the burrow soon after.
464:
986:
1133:
Other names include boomer, mountain boomer, ground bear, giant mole, gehalis, sewellel, suwellel, showhurll, showtl, and showte, as well as a number of other Native
American terms. "Mountain beaver" is a misnomer as the animal is not a true beaver
475:
to a family name is to drop the -a only and add -idae. Thus, Aplodontiidae is technically correct. This spelling is gaining acceptance in modern texts and is the standard spelling currently recognized by the
471:
Most references use the spelling
Aplodontidae for the family name. This has been deemed incorrect due to the technical rules of converting a genus name into a family name. The proper conversion of
1289:
Hautier, L.; Michaux, J.; Marivaux, L.; Vianey-Liaud, M. (2008). "Evolution of the zygomasseteric construction in
Rodentia, as revealed by a geometric morphometric analysis of the mandible of
447:, although its less-efficient renal system was thought to indicate greater relative antiquity for the species. There are seven subspecies of mountain beavers, six of which are found in
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tooth, which is unique among mammals and allows for easy identification of teeth. This projection points toward the cheek on the upper tooth row, but points toward the tongue on the
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2660:
1247:
Piaggio, A. J., B. A. Coghlan, A. E. Miscampbell, W. M. Arjo, D. B. Ransome, and C. E. Ritland. 2013. Molecular phylogeny of an ancient rodent family (Aplodontiidae).
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reforestation when smaller seedlings are buried or uprooted during mountain beaver feeding and can result in tree deformities, growth suppression, and mortality. The
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Godwin, A. J. 1964. A review of the literature on the mountain beaver. USDI, Fish and
Wildlife Serv., Washington, D.C. Spec. Sci. Rep. Wildl. No. 78. 52 pp.
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pellets are transferred to fecal chambers located within the burrow system. Food includes fleshy herbs and young shoots of more woody plants.
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Functional anatomy of incisal biting in
Aplodontia rufa and sciuromorph rodents–Part 1: masticatory muscles, skull shape and digging
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ancestor). The mountain beaver was once thought to be related to the earliest protrogomorphous rodents, such as the ischyromyids (
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Alternate spellings of the genus name have also been reported, with as many as 30 variants historically. These include
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The mountain beaver is the only living rodent with this primitive cranial and muscular feature (except perhaps the
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1276:"The distribution abundance and habitat requirements of the Sierra mountain beaver in Yosemite National Park"
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861:. The cheek teeth lack the complex folds of other rodents and instead consist of single basins. They are
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Molecular studies have consistently produced a sister relationship between the mountain beaver and the
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has evolved. In the protrogomorphous condition, the medial masseter muscle does not pass through the
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and ever-growing. Two upper and one lower premolars are present, along with all the molars, giving a
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According to the fossil record, the
Aplodontiidae split from the squirrels in the Middle or Late
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Feldhammer, George A.; Lee
Drickamer; Stephen Vessey; Joseph Merritt; Carey Krajewski (2007).
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Mountain beavers are capable of climbing trees, but rarely travel far from burrows. Their
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517:("simple tooth") is in reference to the single large basin comprising the bulk of each
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and divergence time estimates for major rodent groups: Evidence from multiple
1447:"Mountain beaver problems in the forest of California, Oregon, and Washington"
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1009:. Their consumption of seedling trees has led some to consider them as pests.
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forests, but throughout most of the range they appear to prefer the former.
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is about 4.5 cm (1.8 in) in length. The male does not have a true
563:. This condition is similar to what is found in most mammal groups, such as
277:
197:
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1484:. David MacDonald (ed). Oxford University Press, 2001. Pages 596–597.
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probably make up the bulk of their diets. They appear to be strictly
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have recently suggested a more distant relationship to these animals.
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1953:
1941:
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1697:"Identifying and Managing Mountain Beaver Damage to Forest Resources"
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Wild Mammals of North America: biology, management, and conservation
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1159:
Fellers, G.M.; Lidicker Jr., W.Z.; Linzey, A.; NatureServe (2017) .
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and does not extend to the region in front of the eye as is seen in
583:. Likewise, the lateral masseter muscle attaches to the base of the
2227:
1063:(e.g., plastic mesh tubes) around the base of an individual tree.
998:
984:
960:
831:
811:
797:
624:
580:
536:
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418:
1355:(432). The American Society of Mammalogists: 1–10. Archived from
1216:
Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
2312:
1816:
1600:. Internet Center for Wildlife Damage Management. Archived from
1500:. Portland, Oregon: Audubon Society of Portland/Raven Editions.
1086:
1045:
1002:
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urine. They are thought to be physiologically restricted to the
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2386:
1901:
1811:
Adkins, R. M. E. L. Gelke, D. Rowe, and R. L. Honeycutt. 2001.
1038:
969:
29:
1524:, vol. 41, no. 1, (Feb., 1960), pages 120–121.
1219:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 753.
1054:. Females of this flea can be 8 mm (0.31 in) long.
997:
and eat soft fecal pellets to obtain maximum nutrients; hard
1093:. However, one subspecies, the Point Arena mountain beaver (
1717:
Feldhamer, George; Bruce Thompson; Joseph Chapman (2003).
1044:
Among the parasites of the mountain beaver is the largest
2010:(Squirrels, chipmunks, marmots, susliks and prairie dogs)
1520:
Lloyd Ingles. (1960). Tree Climbing by Mountain Beavers.
1476:
1474:
1472:
1598:"Mountain Beavers and Control of Mountain Beaver Damage"
789:, all the way down through Oregon to Northern California
822:
as seen in other rodents. It is flattened and lacks a
1830:. Columbia University Press, New York, 631 pp.
1723:. Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 179–187.
915:
and Coast Ranges of Washington and Oregon, plus the
849:
Mountain beavers have an unusual projection on each
2395:
2210:
2173:
2080:
2019:
1974:
842:move into a position called semiscrotal during the
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1853:
2132:(Zokors, bamboo rats, mole rats, blind mole rats)
1848:, Vol. 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, London.
1828:Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level
1396:Carraway, Leslie N.; Verts, B. J. (1993-04-23).
1340:Leslie N. Carraway; B.J. Verts (23 April 1993).
1445:Borrecco, John E.; Anderson, Robert J. (1980).
1826:McKenna, Malcolm C., and Bell, Susan K. 1997.
1386:." Cells Tissues Organs 191.6 (2010): 510-522.
716:: restricted to the far northwestern coast of
598:, which clearly evolved protrogomorphy from a
1913:
1748:"Point Arena Mountain Beaver Species Profile"
1451:Proceedings of the Vertebrate Pest Conference
1184:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T1869A22183865.en
8:
1650:. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife
818:; it has no specialized attachments for the
2686:Taxa named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque
1704:Oregon State University | Extension Service
728:: restricted to a small region in southern
2661:Fauna of the Sierra Nevada (United States)
2383:
1920:
1906:
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1539:Evans, James (1984). MacDonald, D. (ed.).
1335:
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1089:lists the mountain beaver as a species of
551:The mountain beaver is considered to be a
393:
239:
220:
133:
1856:Mammalogy: Adaptation, Diversity, Ecology
1671:Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage
1295:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
1182:
567:, where no extreme specialization of the
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1797:) 5-Year Review: Summary and Evaluation"
1648:"Living with Wildlife: Mountain Beavers"
907:and southward including the rest of the
1151:
1126:
478:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
2691:Endemic fauna of the Pacific Northwest
2107:(Jerboas, jumping mice and birch mice)
1742:
1740:
1534:
1532:
1530:
891:consume large amounts of water daily.
561:protrogomorphous zygomasseteric system
435:. It should not be confused with true
417:. It is the only living member of its
2071:(Kangaroo rats and mice, pocket mice)
1440:
1438:
1436:
7:
2676:Extant Pleistocene first appearances
1545:. New York: Facts on File. pp.
1378:
1376:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
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58:adding citations to reliable sources
2656:IUCN Red List least concern species
1623:"Oregon Dept of Forestry info page"
1170:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
939:. They range from sea level to the
830:is thin and distinctly forked. The
650:as indicated by the extinct genera
555:, due to the presence of a host of
899:Mountain beavers are found in the
662:. The fossil record for the genus
559:characteristics, particularly the
25:
1885:
1307:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00453.x
882:Mountain beavers cannot produce
264:
34:
1821:Molecular Biology and Evolution
1674:. Diane Pub Co. pp. B-59.
1497:Cascade-Olympic Natural History
1482:The New Encyclopedia of Mammals
1097:) of California, is considered
45:needs additional citations for
27:Species of the genus Aplodontia
1862:Johns Hopkins University Press
1793:"Point Arena Mountain Beaver (
1103:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
1:
2148:(Malagasy rats and relatives)
943:. They can be found in both
740:: distributed across coastal
696:: distributed throughout the
635:(not to be confused with the
2671:Rodents of the United States
2347:(Spiny rats, coypus, hutias)
1060:United States Forest Service
730:Mendocino County, California
2371:(Chinchillas and viscachas)
2164:(House mouse and relatives)
1542:The Encyclopedia of Mammals
643:, depending on the author.
639:zygomasseteric system), or
2707:
2289:(New World hystricognaths)
1768:"NatureServe Explorer 2.0"
1570:Newell, Toni Lynn (2002).
911:in the United States, the
802:Skull of a mountain beaver
1936:
1928:Extant families in order
1668:Hygnstrom, Scott (2010).
1596:Campbell, Dan L. (2005).
1051:Hystrichopsylla schefferi
758:San Francisco, California
666:extends only to the Late
623:(family Sciuridae). This
513:, among others. The name
392:
373:
366:
261:Scientific classification
259:
237:
228:
219:
136:
2156:(Hamsters and relatives)
1772:explorer.natureserve.org
1494:Mathews, Daniel (1994).
1017:Known predators include
895:Habitat and distribution
467:Immature mountain beaver
1293:(Rodentia, Gliridae)".
1081:Status and conservation
451:and three of which are
143:Late Pleistocene–Recent
2681:Rodents by common name
2323:(Agoutis and acouchis)
2299:(New World porcupines)
2246:(Old World porcupines)
1695:Taylor, Jimmy (2013).
1578:. Animal Diversity Web
1382:Druzinsky, Robert E. "
1274:Todd, Paul A. (1990).
1213:; Reeder, D.M (eds.).
1207:"Family Aplodontiidae"
990:
989:Mountain beaver burrow
803:
785:: found along coastal
776:to southern Washington
548:
533:Taxonomy and phylogeny
529:means red or reddish.
468:
459:Spelling and etymology
413:) is a North American
2628:Paleobiology Database
2355:(Degus and relatives)
2140:(Mouse-like hamsters)
1795:Aplodontia rufa nigra
1480:"Mountain Beaver" in
1205:Helgen, K.M. (2005).
1177:: e.T1869A115057269.
988:
888:temperate rain forest
801:
540:
466:
18:Aplodontia rufa nigra
1894:at Wikimedia Commons
1522:Journal of Mammalogy
1249:Journal of Mammalogy
1107:Critically Imperiled
935:and extreme western
704:and extreme western
573:infraorbital foramen
54:improve this article
1840:Nowak, R. M. 1999.
1813:Molecular phylogeny
824:postorbital process
768:: found across the
702:Northern California
231:Conservation status
2238:(Laotian rock rat)
2218:("Porcupine-like")
2181:("Anomalure-like")
2124:(Oriental dormice)
2122:Platacanthomyidae
991:
804:
783:(Rafinesque, 1817)
752:: found mostly in
711:A. r. humboldtiana
678:At present, seven
670:of North America.
627:is referred to as
612:and morphological
549:
546:Harvard University
469:
2666:Rodents of Canada
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2615:Open Tree of Life
2389:Taxon identifiers
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2363:(Chinchilla rats)
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2011:
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1995:
1994:(Mountain beaver)
1985:
1982:("Squirrel-like")
1890:Media related to
1871:978-0-8018-8695-9
1402:Mammalian Species
1398:"Aplodontia rufa"
1226:978-0-8018-8221-0
917:Klamath Mountains
913:Olympic Mountains
901:Cascade Mountains
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695:
691:A. r. californica
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69:"Mountain beaver"
16:(Redirected from
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1576:mountain beaver"
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1115:Mendocino County
905:British Columbia
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820:masseter muscles
816:protrogomorphous
782:
774:British Columbia
765:
749:
737:
725:
713:
693:
686:are recognized:
614:phylogeneticists
600:hystricomorphous
523:specific epithet
441:Eurasian beavers
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140:Temporal range:
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2027:("Beaver-like")
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2088:("Mouse-like")
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766:Merriam, 1899
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750:Merriam, 1899
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738:Merriam, 1899
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368:Binomial name
365:
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71: –
70:
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65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
2396:
2361:Abrocomidae
2339:(Tuco-tucos)
2337:Ctenomyidae
2313:Cuniculidae
2287:Caviomorpha
2271:(Dassie rat)
2244:Hystricidae
2236:Diatomyidae
2193:(Anomalures)
1991:
1976:Sciuromorpha
1964:Superorder:
1958:Infraclass:
1855:
1846:of the World
1841:
1827:
1820:
1794:
1787:
1775:. Retrieved
1771:
1762:
1751:. Retrieved
1719:
1712:
1703:
1690:
1670:
1663:
1652:. Retrieved
1642:
1631:. Retrieved
1627:the original
1617:
1606:. Retrieved
1602:the original
1591:
1580:. Retrieved
1573:
1565:
1541:
1521:
1516:
1496:
1489:
1481:
1454:
1450:
1426:
1401:
1391:
1364:. Retrieved
1357:the original
1353:Mamm Species
1352:
1343:
1323:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1284:
1248:
1243:
1215:
1211:Wilson, D.E.
1200:
1188:. Retrieved
1174:
1168:
1162:
1154:
1135:
1129:
1106:
1094:
1084:
1070:
1056:
1049:
1043:
1016:
992:
958:
898:
884:concentrated
881:
848:
809:
805:
779:
762:
746:
734:
726:Taylor, 1914
722:
714:Taylor, 1916
710:
690:
683:
677:
663:
657:
651:
645:
633:Sciuromorpha
618:
603:
593:
550:
544:specimen at
541:
526:
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470:
432:
423:
422:
409:
408:
404:
402:
376:
374:
359:A. rufa
358:
357:
338:
337:
131:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
2576:NatureServe
2498:iNaturalist
2421:Wikispecies
2345:Echimyidae
2329:Dinomyidae
2279:(Cane rats)
2154:Cricetidae
2146:Nesomyidae
2130:Spalacidae
2044:Castoridae
2037:Castoroidea
1777:15 November
1111:NatureServe
1095:A. r. nigra
1007:herbivorous
925:Point Arena
794:Description
754:Point Reyes
747:A. r. phaea
723:A. r. nigra
668:Pleistocene
577:guinea pigs
519:cheek tooth
504:Apluodontia
498:Aploodontia
486:Haplodontia
2650:Categories
2331:(Pacarana)
2263:(Blesmols)
2254:Phiomorpha
2199:Pedetidae
2105:Dipodidae
2098:Dipodoidea
2061:Geomyidae
2054:Geomyoidea
2008:Sciuridae
1753:2021-09-06
1654:2013-06-25
1633:2013-03-30
1608:2013-08-12
1582:2013-08-11
1366:2017-09-09
1291:Graphiurus
1146:References
1099:endangered
995:coprophagy
949:coniferous
933:California
919:, and the
838:, but the
787:Washington
780:A. r. rufa
718:California
680:subspecies
674:Subspecies
664:Aplodontia
659:Prosciurus
629:Sciuroidea
591:and mice.
515:Aplodontia
510:Aplodontie
473:Aplodontia
449:California
424:Aplodontia
385:Rafinesque
345:Richardson
339:Aplodontia
110:April 2017
80:newspapers
2305:Caviidae
2082:Myomorpha
2046:(Beavers)
2002:(Dormice)
2000:Gliridae
1940:Kingdom:
1842:Walker's
1463:0507-6773
1190:15 August
1074:Lifespans
975:hibernate
965:opposable
945:deciduous
941:tree line
929:Pt. Reyes
863:hypsodont
621:squirrels
610:molecular
589:squirrels
557:primitive
445:squirrels
353:Species:
284:Kingdom:
278:Eukaryota
2581:2.101780
2568:12300004
2516:10924252
2448:BioLib:
2406:Wikidata
2307:(Cavies)
2230:(Gundis)
2162:Muridae
2115:Muroidea
1960:Eutheria
1954:Mammalia
1948:Chordata
1946:Phylum:
1942:Animalia
1930:Rodentia
1315:84477221
1235:62265494
1067:Breeding
955:Behavior
855:premolar
653:Spurimus
641:Sciurida
608:). Both
596:blesmols
492:Haplodon
324:Family:
318:Rodentia
308:Mammalia
298:Chordata
294:Phylum:
288:Animalia
274:Domain:
251:IUCN 3.1
2555:1001504
2490:2439690
2412:Q503813
2315:(Pacas)
1952:Class:
1844:Mammals
1547:610–611
1418:3504188
1101:by the
1048:known,
1031:cougars
1027:weasels
1023:coyotes
1019:bobcats
1013:Ecology
876:1.0.1.3
873:1.0.2.3
836:scrotum
828:baculum
605:Paramys
565:rabbits
453:endemic
387:, 1817)
334:Genus:
314:Order:
304:Class:
249: (
209:↓
94:scholar
2620:159158
2529:180133
2477:327978
1868:
1834:
1727:
1678:
1553:
1504:
1461:
1416:
1313:
1233:
1223:
1136:Castor
1105:, and
1037:, and
961:thumbs
937:Nevada
840:testes
826:. The
742:Oregon
706:Nevada
648:Eocene
521:. The
507:, and
429:family
427:, and
415:rodent
347:, 1829
96:
89:
82:
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