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28:. Membership included representatives from New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Maryland, West Virginia, Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi, as well as one federal appointee. This Act is one of the longest serving place-based regional development programs in the United States, and is the largest in terms of geographic scope.
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In 2010, a study showed that the 1965 Act reduced
Appalachian poverty between 1960 and 2000 by 4.2 percentage points relative to border counties, or about 10 percent on the baseline 1960 poverty rate, and real per capita incomes grew about 4 percent faster. A 2019 study found that the construction of
84:
introduced an administration-backed
Appalachian aid bill (S.3) calling for more than $ 1 billion in federal assistance to the region. The Public Works Committee reported the bill to the Senate on January 27, 1965, and the Senate passed the bill on February 1, 1965, with a vote of 62-22.
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engaged in a campaign fight, which drew attention to the poverty conditions of the state. When
Kennedy toured West Virginia, he was moved by the widespread poverty in the state, where nearly every other person was living in poverty in a typical West Virginia county.
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The House of
Representatives reported the bill on February 17, 1965, and passed the House with a 257-165 roll call vote on March 3, 1965. President Johnson signed the Appalachian Regional Development Act of 1965 into law on March 9, 1965. The act established the
65:. The Senate passed a bill close to the president's request, but the House failed to pass a bill before the 88th Congress adjourned. This meant a new bill needed to be introduced and passed in the Senate when the 89th Congress convened in January 1965.
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In the 1960s, one in three
Appalachians lived in poverty. Per capita income in the Appalachian region was 23 percent lower than the U.S. average, and high unemployment forced millions to seek work outside the region.
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the
Appalachian Development Highway System led to economic net gains of $ 54 billion (approximately 0.4 percent of national income) and boosted incomes in the Appalachian region by reducing the costs of trade.
101:(ARC). Its membership included representatives from New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Maryland, West Virginia, Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi.
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created the
President's Appalachian Regional Commission (PARC) "to prepare a comprehensive action program for the economic development of the Appalachian Region." This work was continued by President
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after
Kennedy's assassination. He used a PARC report as a basis for legislation. In 1964, he sent a request to Congress to send special aid to the economically depressed region as part of the
45:, where in 1958, two years before the 1960 presidential primaries began, he had pollster take a sampling of public opinion. In the Spring of 1960, Senator Kennedy and Senator
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from West
Virginia, who was chair of the Subcommittee on Public Roads of the Senate Committee on Public Works, wrote to West Virginia Senator
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24:(ARC), which was tasked with overseeing economic development programs in the Appalachia region, as well as the construction of the
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came from the coal fields of
Southern West Virginia, he readily agreed to co-sponsor the bill. On January 6, 1965, Senator
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400:"National Policy for Regional Development: Historical Evidence from Appalachian Highways"
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The Senate passed the Appalachian Regional Development Act (S.3) on February 1, 1965.
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291:"Two 50-Year-Old Programs Still Fighting the War on Poverty"
317:"Appalachian Regional Development Act · The Legislation"
366:"University of Kentucky Center for Poverty Research",
183:"University of Kentucky Center for Poverty Research",
41:'s interest in the Appalachian region centered around
398:Jaworski, Taylor; Kitchens, Carl T. (2018-12-21).
347:. Association of Centers for the Study of Congress
134:. Association of Centers for the Study of Congress
267:. Appalachian Regional Commission. Archived from
249:. New York: Atheneum Publishers. pp. 78–115.
222:. Appalachian Regional Commission. Archived from
160:. Appalachian Regional Commission. Archived from
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341:"Appalachian and Regional Development Act"
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407:The Review of Economics and Statistics
128:"Appalachian Regional Development Act"
26:Appalachian Development Highway System
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18:Appalachian Regional Development Act
154:"ARC Members, Partners, and Staff"
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370:, Sage Publications, Inc., 2006,
247:The Making of the President, 1960
187:, Sage Publications, Inc., 2006,
265:Appalachian Regional Commission
220:Appalachian Regional Commission
158:Appalachian Regional Commission
99:Appalachian Regional Commission
22:Appalachian Regional Commission
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368:Encyclopedia of World Poverty
185:Encyclopedia of World Poverty
68:In 1965, Democratic Senator
475:89th United States Congress
245:White, Theodore H. (1962).
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451:The Great Society Congress
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345:The Great Society Congress
193:10.4135/9781412939607.n722
132:The Great Society Congress
55:President John F. Kennedy
297:. WV Public Broadcasting
20:of 1965 established the
470:Great Society programs
295:WV Public Broadcasting
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465:1965 in American law
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446:External Resources
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385:978-1-4129-1807-7
321:acsc.lib.udel.edu
202:978-1-4129-1807-7
82:Jennings Randolph
70:Jennings Randolph
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78:Robert Byrd
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480:Appalachia
459:Categories
326:2020-04-02
114:References
427:0034-6535
53:In 1963,
351:6 April
301:6 April
275:6 April
230:6 April
168:6 April
138:6 April
32:History
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403:(PDF)
423:ISSN
380:ISBN
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