217:
418:, or may occur while the nail is growing. It also may be caused by calcium deficiency. Leukonychia occurs most commonly in healthy individuals, and is unrelated to any known nutritional or physiological deficiency. When caused by injury the marks will disappear as the nail grows outwards. While there are various sources that link dietary needs or vitamin deficiency with recurrent leukonychia, this notion has been challenged by some medical researchers.
366:, air that is trapped between the cells may also cause this appearance. It is also caused by trauma. In most cases, when white spots appear on a single or a couple of fingernails or toenails, the most common cause is injury to the base (matrix) of the nail. When this is the case, white spots disappear after around eight months, which is the amount of time the nails take to regrow completely. The pattern and number of spots may change as the nail grows.
407:
36:
128:
286:
307:(nail base). This is commonly caused by physical injury or disruption of the nail matrix. Common examples include excessive biting or tapping of the nails, trauma or injury from accidents involving doors or windows, and extensive use of manicure. It may also occur in great toenails as a result of trauma from footwear. Alternatively, the condition can be caused by
269:
164:
2808:
276:
This condition consists of a whitening of parts of the nail plate in the form of small white dots. There are three different variations of partial leukonychia; punctate, transverse and longitudinal leukonychia. Some of the more serious variations of leukonychia partialis may lead to leukonychia
224:
This condition consists of a whitening of the entire nail and mostly likely occurs on all nails. Whitening of one, and only one, entire nail is not recognized as a symptom of
Leukonychia totalis but as a likely result of mechanical trauma. Leukonychia totalis may be a clinical sign of
2663:
1219:
1200:
2656:
361:
Also known as "true" leukonychia, this is the most common form of leukonychia, in which small white spots appear on the nails. Picking and biting of the nails are a prominent cause in young children and nail biters. Besides
2649:
374:
Longitudinal leukonychia is far less common and features smaller 1mm white longitudinal lines visible under the nail plate and perpendicular to the nail bed. It may be associated with
1277:
330:. In other cases, it can be attributed to vigorous manicuring and trauma aforementioned, or to a wide variety of systemic illnesses. Serious infections known for high fevers,
46:
2302:
1401:
2312:
386:
Apparent leukonychia is caused by changes in the nail bed that are visible through the nail plate. A number of patterns of apparent leukoncychia, including
2828:
1270:
1075:
Kelly MP, Kight MA, Castillo S (July 1998). "Trophic implications of altered body composition observed in or near the nails of hemodialysis patients".
353:(apparent leukonychia) which differs from leukonychia in that the lines fade with digital compression and do not migrate with the growth of the nail.
2327:
2307:
1727:
2774:
2287:
1828:
1263:
913:
2264:
2145:
1833:
1813:
1782:
2005:
1752:
2269:
2028:
1818:
1808:
768:
588:
567:
2429:
2140:
229:), which can be seen in nephrotic syndrome (a form of kidney failure), liver failure, protein malabsorption and protein-losing
2785:
1446:
327:
2419:
2749:
2077:
107:
2798:
882:
2332:
2235:
79:
664:
54:
2102:
2566:
2534:
2362:
1845:
1777:
1581:
1441:
1436:
969:
Morgan, Z.; Wickett, H. (6 May 2011). "Leukonychia on finger nails as a marker of calcium and/or zinc deficiency".
346:
may also cause this condition. In many patients, there is no obvious cause, and the streaks resolve spontaneously.
86:
1471:
65:
50:
2556:
2247:
1541:
930:
2764:
2641:
2461:
2445:
2259:
2117:
2608:
245:) can also cause this appearance. By 2011, only 6 cases of non-hereditary Leukonychia totalis were published.
93:
2561:
2439:
2372:
2205:
1889:
1838:
1634:
1551:
2699:
2456:
2150:
2067:
1985:
1975:
1762:
1757:
1506:
1111:
440:
238:
2626:
2541:
2404:
2357:
2297:
2200:
2087:
1850:
1722:
1601:
1451:
75:
2769:
819:
203:'nail'. The most common cause is injury to the base of the nail (the matrix) where the nail is formed.
642:
2509:
2450:
2212:
1717:
1699:
1694:
1654:
1322:
257:
948:
2491:
2480:
2393:
2347:
2322:
2240:
2023:
1772:
1689:
1668:
1571:
1566:
1466:
1223:
643:"Leukonychia totalis | Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program"
395:
375:
350:
987:
The results showed there was no correlation between calcium or zinc intake scores and leukonychia.
216:
2529:
2519:
2409:
2107:
1918:
1871:
1860:
1737:
1591:
1411:
1389:
530:
function. Intracellular (red blood cell) assays are more sensitive than tests for plasma levels.
492:
463:
458:
391:
2546:
2514:
2466:
2352:
2342:
2190:
2082:
2035:
1965:
1747:
1732:
1709:
1684:
1679:
1531:
1238:
1163:
1092:
1032:
909:
864:
801:
764:
758:
739:
721:
624:
584:
563:
425:
171:
2424:
2388:
2122:
1704:
1649:
1596:
1546:
1384:
1353:
1153:
1145:
1084:
1022:
1012:
978:
901:
854:
846:
793:
729:
713:
614:
387:
304:
2812:
2731:
2618:
2185:
2092:
1970:
1908:
1884:
1644:
1576:
1536:
1491:
1304:
539:
519:
507:
487:
453:
303:
are a whitening or discoloration of the nail in bands or "stria" that run parallel to the
1317:
100:
982:
2781:
2744:
2673:
2524:
2504:
2383:
2292:
2179:
2155:
2097:
2072:
1995:
1980:
1960:
1913:
1899:
1792:
1742:
1586:
1456:
1287:
1158:
1133:
1027:
1000:
859:
834:
734:
445:
430:
300:
294:
248:
In familial cases of leukonychia totalis, this condition is caused by mutations in the
192:
1232:
1228:
1088:
260:
pattern of inheritance, but in some cases, this condition may be autosomal recessive.
2822:
2754:
2726:
2603:
2551:
2378:
2045:
1903:
1894:
1879:
1674:
1516:
1511:
1496:
1486:
1476:
1345:
905:
363:
17:
2718:
2681:
2573:
2434:
2337:
2254:
2230:
2222:
1928:
1922:
1611:
1556:
1501:
1461:
1431:
1421:
1396:
1366:
1358:
1295:
784:
Miles DW, Rubens RD (1995). "Images in clinical medicine. Transverse leukonychia".
320:
308:
253:
406:
2737:
2708:
2367:
2050:
1990:
1561:
1526:
1521:
1481:
1406:
1340:
797:
476:
415:
242:
230:
176:
1255:
1243:
717:
2759:
2703:
2578:
2398:
2317:
2040:
1938:
1379:
1332:
1309:
1213:
1209:
1149:
725:
2689:
2598:
2055:
2000:
1943:
1933:
1800:
1639:
1620:
1426:
1371:
675:
619:
602:
497:
468:
435:
316:
1167:
1036:
868:
743:
701:
628:
538:
Improvements have been reported from treating malnutrition associated with
285:
1096:
805:
268:
2590:
2499:
2414:
2060:
1955:
1950:
1659:
1625:
1416:
1017:
234:
1192:
957:
They may also be caused by zinc or albumin deficiency, which is curable.
850:
163:
2015:
1050:
343:
335:
331:
226:
64:
if you can. Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and
1204:
527:
502:
339:
326:
The tendency toward leukonychia striata is sometimes inherited in an
896:
Lawry, Monica; Daniel, C Ralph (2005). "Nails in
Systemic Disease".
700:
Iorizzo, Matilde; Starace, Michela; Pasch, Marcel C. (March 2022).
414:
It is harmless and most commonly caused by minor injuries, such as
603:"Idiopathic acquired persistent true partial to total leukonychia"
523:
405:
284:
267:
249:
215:
2170:
312:
2645:
1259:
820:"Pictures of Nail Diseases and Problems - Leukonychia Striata"
29:
760:
Baran and Dawber's
Diseases of the Nails and their Management
421:
Other possible reasons for this problem can be linked to:
1132:
Wollina U, Nenoff P, Haroske G, Haenssle HA (July 2016).
191:) is a medical term for white discoloration appearing on
607:
Indian
Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology
61:
558:
James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005).
2796:
1051:"Leukonychia – Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, Pictures"
658:
656:
654:
652:
1182:
757:
Baran R, de Berker DA, Holzberg M, Thomas L (2012).
2717:
2680:
2617:
2589:
2490:
2479:
2280:
2221:
2168:
2133:
2014:
1870:
1859:
1791:
1619:
1610:
1294:
1186:
560:
170:
147:
142:
2303:Disseminate and recurrent infundibulofolliculitis
999:Rendon, Adriana; Schäkel, Knut (23 March 2019).
522:, and may take blood tests as well as examining
299:Leukonychia striata, transverse leukonychia, or
1402:Congenital onychodysplasia of the index fingers
1134:"The Diagnosis and Treatment of Nail Disorders"
949:"White Spots On Nails: Should You Be Worried?"
835:"Mees lines and Beau lines after chemotherapy"
833:Huang, T.-C.; Chao, T.-Y. (14 December 2009).
60:Please review the contents of the article and
2672:Congenital malformations and deformations of
2657:
2313:Erythromelanosis follicularis faciei et colli
1271:
581:Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine
8:
702:"Leukonychia: What Can White Nails Tell Us?"
1005:International Journal of Molecular Sciences
931:"15 Things You Never Knew About Your Nails"
2664:
2650:
2642:
2487:
1867:
1616:
1278:
1264:
1256:
1183:
162:
139:
1157:
1026:
1016:
858:
733:
672:Journal of Turkish Academy of Leukonychia
618:
2308:Erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp
1728:Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia
971:Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics
706:American Journal of Clinical Dermatology
2803:
2775:Giant axonal neuropathy with curly hair
551:
398:, have been classically characterized.
237:condition or a side effect from taking
2288:Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica of Bazex
1001:"Psoriasis Pathogenesis and Treatment"
763:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 417.
583:. (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill. pp. 658–59.
1077:Advances in Renal Replacement Therapy
929:Schocker, Laura (24 September 2013).
663:Tüzün, Yalçın; Karakuş, Özge (2009).
195:. It is derived from the Greek words
7:
2328:Intermittent hair–follicle dystrophy
839:Canadian Medical Association Journal
349:There is a similar condition called
2265:Recurrent palmoplantar hidradenitis
2146:Idiopathic facial aseptic granuloma
1783:Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis
1119:Science of Medicine and Art of Care
983:10.1111/j.1365-277X.2011.01175_23.x
256:, this mutation shows an autosomal
27:White spots on finger and toe nails
2006:Lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei
1753:Dissecting cellulitis of the scalp
1138:Deutsches Ă„rzteblatt International
25:
2829:Conditions of the skin appendages
2270:Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis
2029:Granulomatous perioral dermatitis
2806:
1112:"Nails as Indicators of Disease"
906:10.1016/b978-141602356-2.50021-9
562:. (10th ed.). Saunders. p. 789.
126:
34:
2430:Traumatic anserine folliculosis
2141:Granulomatous facial dermatitis
392:half-and-half (Lindsay's) nails
315:. Finally, it can be caused by
1447:Malalignment of the nail plate
1110:Meyer, Bhika (November 2014).
883:"My Big Fat Greek Leukonychia"
518:A doctor will take a thorough
410:Particularly large white spot.
62:add the appropriate references
1:
2750:Sabinas brittle hair syndrome
2078:Erythrotelangiectatic rosacea
1089:10.1016/S1073-4449(98)70037-8
900:. Elsevier. p. 147–176.
2333:Keratosis pilaris atropicans
2236:Folliculitis nares perforans
311:poisoning, most commonly by
2103:Persistent edema of rosacea
1121:– via Tibb Institute.
798:10.1056/NEJM199507133330205
47:reliable medical references
2845:
2786:Zimmermann–Laband syndrome
2535:Postmiliarial hypohidrosis
2363:Menkes kinky hair syndrome
1778:Frontal fibrosing alopecia
1582:Staining of the nail plate
1442:Longitudinal erythronychia
1437:Lichen planus of the nails
718:10.1007/s40257-022-00671-6
601:Arsiwala, Shehnaz (2012).
579:Freedberg, et al. (2003).
328:autosomal dominant fashion
292:
2420:Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome
2248:Pseudofolliculitis barbae
1542:Pterygium inversum unguis
1150:10.3238/arztebl.2016.0509
161:
53:or relies too heavily on
2765:Uncombable hair syndrome
2462:Uncombable hair syndrome
2446:Trichorrhexis invaginata
2260:Hidradenitis suppurativa
2118:Periorificial dermatitis
370:Longitudinal leukonychia
2440:Trichomycosis axillaris
2373:Parakeratosis pustulosa
1890:Acne miliaris necrotica
1671:(male-pattern baldness)
1635:noncicatricial alopecia
1552:Purpura of the nail bed
620:10.4103/0378-6323.90962
2700:Pachyonychia congenita
2457:Trichostasis spinulosa
2151:Periorbital dermatitis
2068:Papulopustular rosacea
1986:Acne with facial edema
1976:Acne keloidalis nuchae
1763:Folliculitis decalvans
1758:Graham-Little syndrome
1507:Onychoptosis defluvium
411:
317:cirrhosis of the liver
290:
273:
225:hypoalbuminaemia (low
221:
2627:Sebaceous hyperplasia
2542:Granulosis rubra nasi
2405:Pityriasis amiantacea
2358:Loose anagen syndrome
2298:Bubble hair deformity
2088:Gram-negative rosacea
1851:Nevoid hypertrichosis
1723:Pseudopelade of Brocq
1602:Twenty-nail dystrophy
1472:Nail–patella syndrome
1452:Median nail dystrophy
674:: 1–3. Archived from
409:
288:
272:Leukonychia partialis
271:
264:Leukonychia partialis
219:
2510:Miliaria crystalline
2451:Trichorrhexis nodosa
1718:cicatricial alopecia
1700:Alopecia neoplastica
1695:Trichorrhexis nodosa
1323:Yellow nail syndrome
1018:10.3390/ijms20061475
542:and other minerals.
473:Psychogenic stresses
382:Apparent leukonychia
357:Leukonychia punctata
252:gene, in chromosome
18:Apparent leukonychia
2609:Fox–Fordyce disease
2394:Pili pseudoannulati
2348:Lichen planopilaris
2323:Hair follicle nevus
2241:Tufted folliculitis
2024:Perioral dermatitis
1773:Triangular alopecia
1690:Lichen planopilaris
1669:Androgenic alopecia
1572:Splinter hemorrhage
1567:Shell nail syndrome
1412:Half and half nails
851:10.1503/cmaj.090501
484:Occupational trauma
289:Leukonychia striata
281:Leukonychia striata
220:Leukonychia totalis
212:Leukonychia totalis
2770:Björnstad syndrome
2530:Occlusion miliaria
2520:Miliaria pustulosa
2410:Plica neuropathica
2108:Rosacea conglobata
1919:Acne medicamentosa
1738:Traumatic alopecia
1592:Subungual hematoma
493:Protein deficiency
464:Ulcerative colitis
459:Vitamin deficiency
412:
291:
274:
222:
2794:
2793:
2639:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2515:Miliaria profunda
2475:
2474:
2467:Woolly hair nevus
2353:Lichen spinulosus
2191:Trichilemmal cyst
2164:
2163:
2083:Glandular rosacea
2036:Phymatous rosacea
1966:Occupational acne
1748:Hot comb alopecia
1733:Pressure alopecia
1710:Alopecia mucinosa
1685:Traction alopecia
1680:Telogen effluvium
1253:
1252:
1144:(29–30): 509–18.
915:978-1-4160-2356-2
426:Arsenic poisoning
182:
181:
137:Medical condition
135:
134:
111:
16:(Redirected from
2836:
2811:
2810:
2809:
2802:
2729:/abnormalities:
2666:
2659:
2652:
2643:
2488:
2425:Setleis syndrome
2389:Pili multigemini
2123:Pyoderma faciale
1868:
1705:Anagen effluvium
1617:
1547:Pterygium unguis
1467:Muehrcke's lines
1354:Onychotillomania
1280:
1273:
1266:
1257:
1184:
1172:
1171:
1161:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1116:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1072:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1062:
1055:byebyedoctor.com
1047:
1041:
1040:
1030:
1020:
996:
990:
989:
966:
960:
959:
955:. 6 March 2018.
945:
939:
938:
926:
920:
919:
893:
887:
886:
879:
873:
872:
862:
830:
824:
823:
816:
810:
809:
781:
775:
774:
754:
748:
747:
737:
697:
691:
690:
688:
686:
681:on March 3, 2016
680:
669:
660:
647:
646:
639:
633:
632:
622:
598:
592:
577:
571:
556:
396:Muehrcke's lines
376:Darier's disease
351:Muehrcke's lines
166:
140:
130:
129:
121:
118:
112:
110:
69:
38:
37:
30:
21:
2844:
2843:
2839:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2834:
2833:
2819:
2818:
2817:
2807:
2805:
2797:
2795:
2790:
2732:keratin disease
2713:
2676:
2674:skin appendages
2670:
2640:
2631:
2613:
2585:
2482:
2471:
2444:Trichorrhexis (
2276:
2217:
2186:Epidermoid cyst
2160:
2129:
2093:Steroid rosacea
2010:
1971:Acne aestivalis
1909:Excoriated acne
1885:Acne conglobata
1862:
1855:
1787:
1624:
1606:
1577:Spotted lunulae
1537:Psoriatic nails
1492:Onychomatricoma
1305:Onychogryphosis
1290:
1288:skin appendages
1284:
1254:
1249:
1248:
1195:
1181:
1176:
1175:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1114:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1060:
1058:
1049:
1048:
1044:
998:
997:
993:
968:
967:
963:
947:
946:
942:
928:
927:
923:
916:
895:
894:
890:
881:
880:
876:
832:
831:
827:
818:
817:
813:
786:N. Engl. J. Med
783:
782:
778:
771:
756:
755:
751:
699:
698:
694:
684:
682:
678:
667:
662:
661:
650:
641:
640:
636:
600:
599:
595:
578:
574:
557:
553:
548:
540:zinc deficiency
536:
520:medical history
516:
508:Iron deficiency
488:Zinc deficiency
469:Liver cirrhosis
454:Hypoalbuminemia
404:
384:
372:
359:
297:
283:
266:
214:
209:
138:
131:
127:
122:
116:
113:
70:
59:
55:primary sources
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2842:
2840:
2832:
2831:
2821:
2820:
2816:
2815:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2788:
2782:hypertrichosis
2778:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2745:IBIDS syndrome
2742:
2741:
2740:
2723:
2721:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2711:
2706:
2697:
2692:
2686:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2661:
2654:
2646:
2637:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2623:
2621:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2595:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2583:
2582:
2581:
2571:
2570:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2549:
2547:Ross' syndrome
2544:
2539:
2538:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2525:Miliaria rubra
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2505:Colloid milium
2496:
2494:
2485:
2477:
2476:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2448:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2384:Pili bifurcati
2381:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2343:Koenen's tumor
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2293:Acroosteolysis
2290:
2284:
2282:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2274:
2273:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2251:
2250:
2245:
2244:
2243:
2238:
2227:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2215:
2210:
2209:
2208:
2203:
2197:Steatocystoma
2195:
2194:
2193:
2188:
2180:Sebaceous cyst
2175:
2173:
2166:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2158:
2156:SAPHO syndrome
2153:
2148:
2143:
2137:
2135:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2127:
2126:
2125:
2120:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2098:Ocular rosacea
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2073:Lupoid rosacea
2070:
2065:
2064:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2033:
2032:
2031:
2020:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1996:Acne necrotica
1993:
1988:
1983:
1981:Acne mechanica
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1961:Acne cosmetica
1958:
1953:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1926:
1916:
1914:Acne fulminans
1911:
1906:
1900:Infantile acne
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1876:
1874:
1865:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1842:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1823:
1822:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1803:
1797:
1795:
1793:Hypertrichosis
1789:
1788:
1786:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1766:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1743:Tumor alopecia
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1713:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1665:
1664:
1663:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1630:
1628:
1614:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1587:Stippled nails
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1532:Plummer's nail
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1393:
1392:
1387:
1375:
1374:
1369:
1362:
1361:
1356:
1349:
1348:
1343:
1336:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1313:
1312:
1307:
1300:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1285:
1283:
1282:
1275:
1268:
1260:
1251:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1235:
1216:
1196:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1187:Classification
1180:
1179:External links
1177:
1174:
1173:
1124:
1102:
1067:
1042:
991:
977:(3): 294–295.
961:
940:
921:
914:
888:
874:
825:
811:
776:
769:
749:
712:(2): 177–193.
692:
648:
634:
593:
572:
550:
549:
547:
544:
535:
532:
515:
512:
511:
510:
505:
500:
495:
490:
485:
482:
479:
474:
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
448:
446:Kidney failure
443:
438:
433:
431:Lead poisoning
428:
403:
400:
383:
380:
371:
368:
358:
355:
293:Main article:
282:
279:
265:
262:
213:
210:
208:
205:
180:
179:
174:
168:
167:
159:
158:
149:
145:
144:
136:
133:
132:
125:
123:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2841:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2814:
2804:
2800:
2787:
2783:
2780:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2755:Pili annulati
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2734:
2733:
2728:
2727:hypotrichosis
2725:
2724:
2722:
2720:
2716:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2667:
2662:
2660:
2655:
2653:
2648:
2647:
2644:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2616:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2604:Chromhidrosis
2602:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2588:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2575:
2572:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2553:
2552:Hyperhidrosis
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2478:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2379:Pili annulati
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2220:
2214:
2211:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2167:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2132:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2046:Blepharophyma
2044:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2037:
2034:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1904:Neonatal acne
1901:
1898:
1896:
1895:Tropical acne
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1880:Acne vulgaris
1878:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1858:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1675:Hypotrichosis
1673:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1622:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1609:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1597:Terry's nails
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1517:Onychoschizia
1515:
1513:
1512:Onychorrhexis
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1497:Onychomycosis
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1487:Onychomadesis
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1477:Onychoatrophy
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1351:
1350:
1347:
1346:Nail clubbing
1344:
1342:
1338:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1286:Disorders of
1281:
1276:
1274:
1269:
1267:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1245:
1241:
1240:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1189:
1185:
1178:
1169:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1128:
1125:
1120:
1113:
1106:
1103:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1083:(3): 241–51.
1082:
1078:
1071:
1068:
1057:. 18 May 2011
1056:
1052:
1046:
1043:
1038:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
995:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
965:
962:
958:
954:
950:
944:
941:
936:
932:
925:
922:
917:
911:
907:
903:
899:
892:
889:
884:
878:
875:
870:
866:
861:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
829:
826:
821:
815:
812:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
780:
777:
772:
770:9781118286708
766:
762:
761:
753:
750:
745:
741:
736:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
696:
693:
677:
673:
666:
665:"Leukonychia"
659:
657:
655:
653:
649:
644:
638:
635:
630:
626:
621:
616:
612:
608:
604:
597:
594:
590:
589:0-07-138076-0
586:
582:
576:
573:
569:
568:0-7216-2921-0
565:
561:
555:
552:
545:
543:
541:
533:
531:
529:
525:
521:
513:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
483:
481:Trauma injury
480:
478:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
441:Heart disease
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
423:
422:
419:
417:
408:
401:
399:
397:
393:
389:
388:Terry's nails
381:
379:
377:
369:
367:
365:
364:parakeratosis
356:
354:
352:
347:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
324:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
296:
287:
280:
278:
270:
263:
261:
259:
255:
251:
246:
244:
241:(a family of
240:
239:sulphonamides
236:
232:
231:enteropathies
228:
218:
211:
206:
204:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
178:
175:
173:
169:
165:
160:
157:
153:
150:
146:
141:
124:
120:
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78: –
77:
76:"Leukonychia"
73:
72:Find sources:
67:
63:
57:
56:
52:
48:
43:This article
41:
32:
31:
19:
2730:
2719:Hair disease
2694:
2682:Nail disease
2574:Hypohidrosis
2567:Palmoplantar
2435:Trichomegaly
2338:Kinking hair
2255:Hidradenitis
2231:Folliculitis
2223:Inflammation
2112:
1929:Halogen acne
1923:steroid acne
1769:
1716:
1633:
1557:Racquet nail
1527:Pincer nails
1502:Onychophosis
1462:Melanonychia
1432:Ingrown nail
1422:Hapalonychia
1397:Chevron nail
1367:Ingrown nail
1359:Onychophagia
1333:Azure lunula
1327:
1318:Beau's lines
1237:
1218:
1199:
1141:
1137:
1127:
1118:
1105:
1080:
1076:
1070:
1059:. Retrieved
1054:
1045:
1008:
1004:
994:
986:
974:
970:
964:
956:
952:
943:
934:
924:
897:
891:
877:
842:
838:
828:
814:
789:
785:
779:
759:
752:
709:
705:
695:
683:. Retrieved
676:the original
671:
637:
613:(1): 107–8.
610:
606:
596:
580:
575:
559:
554:
537:
517:
477:Onychophagia
420:
413:
385:
373:
360:
348:
325:
321:chemotherapy
298:
275:
247:
223:
200:
199:'white' and
196:
188:
184:
183:
155:
151:
117:October 2014
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
51:verification
44:
2738:Monilethrix
2709:Koilonychia
2695:Leukonychia
2557:Generalized
2368:Monilethrix
2169:Follicular
2051:Gnathophyma
1991:Pomade acne
1846:Prepubertal
1829:generalised
1825:Congenital
1814:generalised
1655:universalis
1562:Red lunulae
1522:Platonychia
1482:Onycholysis
1457:Mees' lines
1407:Green nails
1378:ungrouped:
1341:Koilonychia
1328:Leukonychia
1303:thickness:
1011:(6): 1475.
935:HuffPost UK
845:(3): E149.
416:nail biting
309:heavy metal
301:Mees' lines
295:Mees' lines
243:antibiotics
189:leuconychia
185:Leukonychia
177:Dermatology
152:White nails
148:Other names
143:Leukonychia
45:needs more
2760:Pili torti
2704:Onychauxis
2579:Anhidrosis
2399:Pili torti
2318:Hair casts
2041:Rhinophyma
1939:Bromoderma
1770:ungrouped:
1380:Paronychia
1352:behavior:
1310:Onychauxis
1239:DiseasesDB
1061:2017-05-18
792:(2): 100.
546:References
450:Ill health
156:Milk spots
87:newspapers
2690:Anonychia
2619:Sebaceous
2599:Body odor
2562:Gustatory
2281:Ungrouped
2206:multiplex
2134:Ungrouped
2056:Metophyma
2001:Blackhead
1944:Chloracne
1934:Iododerma
1861:Acneiform
1834:localised
1819:patterned
1809:localised
1805:Acquired
1801:Hirsutism
1621:Hair loss
1427:Hook nail
1372:Anonychia
726:1179-1888
534:Treatment
514:Diagnosis
498:Psoriasis
436:Pneumonia
277:totalis.
172:Specialty
2823:Category
2813:Medicine
2591:Apocrine
2500:Miliaria
2415:Poliosis
2113:variants
2061:Otophyma
1956:Tar acne
1951:Oil acne
1863:eruption
1839:X-linked
1660:Ophiasis
1640:Alopecia
1626:Baldness
1417:Hangnail
1168:27545710
1037:30909615
869:20008502
744:35112320
685:April 2,
629:22199074
258:dominant
2492:Eccrine
2201:simplex
2016:Rosacea
1921:(e.g.,
1650:totalis
1390:Chronic
1365:other:
1339:shape:
1316:color:
1159:5527843
1097:9686635
1028:6471628
953:CureJoy
860:2826482
806:7777013
735:8809498
344:leprosy
336:malaria
332:measles
235:genetic
227:albumin
101:scholar
66:removed
2799:Portal
2483:glands
2377:Pili (
1645:areata
1166:
1156:
1095:
1035:
1025:
912:
867:
857:
804:
767:
742:
732:
724:
627:
587:
566:
528:kidney
503:Eczema
394:, and
342:, and
340:herpes
305:lunula
254:3p22.2
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
2481:Sweat
2213:Milia
2171:cysts
1385:Acute
1244:14140
1233:757.5
1229:703.8
1214:Q84.4
1210:L60.8
1115:(PDF)
898:Nails
679:(PDF)
668:(PDF)
524:liver
402:Cause
250:PLCD1
207:Types
197:leuko
193:nails
108:JSTOR
94:books
1872:Acne
1612:Hair
1296:Nail
1224:9-CM
1164:PMID
1093:PMID
1033:PMID
910:ISBN
865:PMID
802:PMID
765:ISBN
740:PMID
722:ISSN
687:2017
625:PMID
585:ISBN
564:ISBN
526:and
313:lead
233:. A
201:onyx
187:(or
80:news
49:for
1220:ICD
1201:ICD
1154:PMC
1146:doi
1142:113
1085:doi
1023:PMC
1013:doi
979:doi
902:doi
855:PMC
847:doi
843:182
794:doi
790:333
730:PMC
714:doi
615:doi
319:or
154:or
2825::
2784::
2182:"
1242::
1231:,
1227::
1212:,
1208::
1205:10
1162:.
1152:.
1140:.
1136:.
1117:.
1091:.
1079:.
1053:.
1031:.
1021:.
1009:20
1007:.
1003:.
985:.
975:24
973:.
951:.
933:.
908:.
863:.
853:.
841:.
837:.
800:.
788:.
738:.
728:.
720:.
710:23
708:.
704:.
670:.
651:^
623:.
611:78
609:.
605:.
390:,
378:.
338:,
334:,
323:.
68:.
2801::
2702:/
2665:e
2658:t
2651:v
2453:)
2401:)
2178:"
1925:)
1902:/
1720::
1637::
1623:/
1279:e
1272:t
1265:v
1222:-
1203:-
1193:D
1170:.
1148::
1099:.
1087::
1081:5
1064:.
1039:.
1015::
981::
937:.
918:.
904::
885:.
871:.
849::
822:.
808:.
796::
773:.
746:.
716::
689:.
645:.
631:.
617::
591:.
570:.
119:)
115:(
105:·
98:·
91:·
84:·
58:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
