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themes of study that emerge within each one. Noise level and ambient temperature are clearly present in all environments and often subjects of discussion for environmental psychologists. Crowding and stressors are a few other aspects of environments studied by this sub-discipline of psychology. When examining a particular environment, environmental psychology looks at the goals and purposes of the people in the using the environment, and tries to determine how well the environment is suiting the needs of the people using it. For example, a quiet environment is necessary for a classroom of students taking a test, but would not be needed or expected on a farm full of animals. The concepts and trends learned through environmental psychology can be used when setting up or rearranging spaces so that the space will best perform its intended function. The top common, more well known areas of psychology that drive this applied field include: cognitive, perception, learning, and social psychology.
773:. He came to America (Harvard) from Germany (Berlin, Laboratory of Stern), invited by William James, and, like many aspiring psychologists during the late 19th century, originally studied philosophy. MĂĽnsterberg had many interests in the field of psychology such as purposive psychology, social psychology and forensic psychology. Hugo MĂĽnsterberg is credited with being one of the first people who has researched the field of applied psychology. He went to the University of Leipzig in Germany and attained his doctorate in Medicine. He opened the second psychology clinic in Germany in 1891 where he has continued his research. In 1907 he wrote several magazine articles concerning legal aspects of testimony, confessions and courtroom procedures, which eventually developed into his book,
1156:. OHP has its own journals and professional organizations. The field is concerned with identifying psychosocial characteristics of workplaces that give rise to health-related problems in people who work. These problems can involve physical health (e.g., cardiovascular disease) or mental health (e.g., depression). Examples of psychosocial characteristics of workplaces that OHP has investigated include amount of decision latitude a worker can exercise and the supportiveness of supervisors. OHP is also concerned with the development and implementation of interventions that can prevent or ameliorate work-related health problems. In addition, OHP research has important implications for the economic success of organizations. Other research areas of concern to OHP include
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strong communication skills in multiple areas. The developing of the position requirements falls under the industrial psychology, human resource type work, and the requirement of communication skills is related to how the employee with interacts with co-workers. As seen here, it is hard to separate task of developing a qualifications list from the types of qualifications on the list. This is parallel to how the I and O are nearly inseparable in practice. Therefore, I-O psychologists are generally rounded in both industrial and organizational psychology though they will have some specialization. Other topics of interest for I-O psychologists include leadership, performance evaluation, training, and much more.
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just achieving the win. Sport psychology trains players mentally to prepare them, whereas coaches tend to focus mostly on physical training. Sport psychology deals with increasing performance by managing emotions and minimizing the psychological effects of injury and poor performance. Some of the most important skills taught are goal setting, relaxation, visualization, self-talk awareness and control, concentration, using rituals, attribution training, and periodization. The principles and theories may be applied to any human movement or performance tasks (e.g., playing a musical instrument, acting in a play, public speaking, motor skills). Usually, experts recommend that students be trained in both
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psychologists often work together to create advertisements that create an emotional impact on the viewer in order to make the advertisement more memorable. Using the psychological research methods and the findings in human's cognition, motivation, attitudes and decision making, those can help to design more persuasive advertisement. Their research includes the study of unconscious influences and brand loyalty. However, the effect of unconscious influences was controversial. The use of these psychologists often create successful advertisements with the scientific methods that are used to portray violence, humor and sex.
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1341:. In addition, they explain test results to parents and students. They provide individual, group, and in some cases family counseling (State Board of Education 2003; National Clearinghouse for Professions in Special Education, n.d.). School psychologists are actively involved in district and school crisis intervention teams. They also supervise graduate students in school psychology. School psychologists in many districts provide professional development to teachers and other school personnel on topics such as positive behavior intervention plans and achievement tests.
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from experiments. Human Factor psychologists however, take the same data and use it to design or adapt processes and objects that will complement the human component of the equation. Rather than humans learning how to use and manipulate a piece of technology, human factors strives to design technology to be inline with the human behavior models designed by general psychology. This could be accounting for physical limitations of humans, as in ergonomics, or designing systems, especially computer systems, that work intuitively with humans, as does engineering psychology.
999:. There has been a growing movement to integrate these various therapeutic approaches, especially with an increased understanding of issues regarding ethnicity, gender, spirituality, and sexual-orientation. With the advent of more robust research findings regarding psychotherapy, there is growing evidence that most of the major therapies are about of equal effectiveness, with the key common element being a strong therapeutic alliance. Because of this, more training programs and psychologists are now adopting an
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behavior. However, inherent differences that arise when placing psychology in the legal context. Psychology rarely makes absolute statements. Instead, psychologists traffic in the terms like level of confidence, percentages, and significance. Legal matters, on the other hand, look for absolutes: guilty or not guilty. This makes for a sticky union between psychology and the legal system. Some universities operate dual JD/PhD programs focusing on the intersection of these two areas.
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1376:. For example, one strategy towards television programming combines social models in a soap opera with informational messages during advertising time. This strategy successfully increased women's enrollment at family planning clinics in Mexico. The programming—which has been deployed around the world by Population Communications International and the Population Media Center—combines family planning messages with representations of female education and literacy.
1333:(APA), school psychologists operate according to a scientific framework. They work to promote effectiveness and efficiency in the field. School psychologists conduct psychological assessments, provide brief interventions, and develop or help develop prevention programs. Additionally, they evaluate services with special focus on developmental processes of children within the school system, and other systems, such as families. School psychologists consult with
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individual's strengths, relationships, their educational and career development, as well as a focus on normal personalities. Counseling psychologists help people improve their well-being, reduce and manage stress, and improve overall functioning in their lives. The interventions used by
Counseling Psychologists may be either brief or long-term in duration. Often they are problem focused and goal-directed. There is a guiding philosophy which places a value on
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human and a machine. The human must have a clear method to input data and be able to easily access the information in output. The inability of rapid and accurate corrections can sometimes lead to drastic consequences, as summed up by many stories in Set
Phasers on Stun. The engineering psychologists wants to make the process of inputs and outputs as intuitive as possible for the user.
777:. The following year the Division of Applied Psychology was adjoined to the Harvard Psychological Laboratory. Within 9 years he had contributed eight books in English, applying psychology to education, industrial efficiency, business and teaching. Eventually Hugo MĂĽnsterberg and his contributions would define him as the creator of applied psychology. In 1920, the
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example of non-criminal evaluations by forensic psychologists. The validity and upholding of eyewitness testimony is an area of forensic psychology that does veer closer to criminal investigations, though does not directly involve the psychologist in the investigation process. Psychologists are often called to testify as
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The goal of research in human factors is to understand the limitations and biases of human mental processes and behavior, and design items and systems that will interact accordingly with the limitations. Some may see human factors as intuitive or a list of dos and don'ts, but in reality, human factor
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Health psychology concerns itself with understanding how biology, behavior, and social context influence health and illness. Health psychologists generally work alongside other medical professionals in clinical settings, although many also teach and conduct research. Although its early beginnings can
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and an emphasis on "prevention, development, and adjustment across the life-span." The use of applied psychology in counseling is one of the most useful when it comes to the treatment of individuals. The use of knowledge from scientific findings are beneficial because there are many different options
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aspects of the field, and
Organizational psychology focuses more on the personal interactions of the employees. When applying these principles however, they are not easily broken apart. For example, when developing requirements for a new job position, the recruiters are looking for an applicant with
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Legal psychology refers to any application of psychological principles, methods or understanding to legal questions or issues. In addition to the applied practices, legal psychology also includes academic or empirical research on topics involving the relationship of law to human mental processes and
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Environmental psychology is the psychological study of humans and their interactions with their environments. The types of environments studied are limitless, ranging from homes, offices, classrooms, factories, nature, and so on. However, across these different environments, there are several common
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There are many uses of applied psychology and can be found as a subfield in other genres of psychology. Applied
Psychology has been used in teaching psychology because it focuses on the scientific findings and how it can be used to transfer that behavior. Many people who use applied psychology
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Traffic psychology is an applied discipline within psychology that looks at the relationship between psychological processes and cognitions and the actual behavior of road users. In general, traffic psychologists attempt to apply these principles and research findings, in order to provide solutions
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Ergonomics is applied primarily through office work and the transportation industry. Psychologists here take into account the physical limitations of the human body and attempt to reduce fatigue and stress by designing products and systems that work within the natural limitations of the human body.
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Human factors and ergonomics is the study of how cognitive and psychological processes affect our interaction with tools, machines, and objects in the environment. Many branches of psychology attempt to create models of and understand human behavior. These models are usually based on data collected
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performance. The sport psychology approach differs from the coaches and players perspective. Coaches tend to narrow their focus and energy towards the end-goal. They are concerned with the actions that lead to the win, as opposed to the sport psychologist who tries to focus the players thoughts on
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tend to take on slightly different projects than their ergonomic centered counterparts. These psychologists look at how a human and a process interact. Often engineering psychology may be centered on computers. However at the base level, a process is simply a series of inputs and outputs between a
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work in the fields of teaching, industrial, clinical, and consulting work areas. The
Encyclopedia of Applied Psychology delves deeper into the many subsections that are used in correlation with this field and further explains the procedures that should be used in each of the respective industries.
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psychologist might use a cognitive psychology theory. This could be described as human factor psychology or as applied cognitive psychology. When applied psychology is used in the treatment of behavioral disorders there are many experimental approaches to try and treat an individual. This type of
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hired psychologists in droves to work on issues such as troop morale and propaganda design. After the war, psychologists found an expanding range of jobs outside of the academy. Since 1970, the number of college graduates with degrees in psychology has more than doubled, from 33,679 to 76,671 in
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of some specific psycho-legal question. The psycho-legal question does not have to be criminal in nature. Forensic psychologists rarely get involved in the actual criminal investigations, which falls under a broader category of applied psychology called criminal psychology. Custody cases are an
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The work performed by clinical psychologists tends to be done inside various therapy models, all of which involve a formal relationship between professional and client—usually an individual, couple, family, or small group—that employs a set of procedures intended to form a therapeutic alliance,
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Business advertisers have long consulted psychologists in assessing what types of messages will most effectively induce a person to buy a particular product. The three main types of psychologists that participate in creating advertisements are cognitive, media, and social psychologists. These
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Counseling psychology is an applied specialization within psychology, that involves both research and practice in a number of different areas or domains. According to Gelso and Fretz (2001), there are some central unifying themes among counseling psychologists. These include a focus on an
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defines medical psychology as the branch of psychology that integrates somatic and psychotherapeutic modalities, into the management of mental illness, health rehabilitation and emotional, cognitive, behavioural and substance use disorders. According to Muse and Moore (2012), the medical
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School psychologists are influential within the school system and are frequently consulted to solve problems. Practitioners should be able to provide consultation and collaborate with other members of the educational community and confidently make decisions based on empirical research.
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Health psychologists aim to change health behaviors for the dual purpose of helping people stay healthy and helping patients adhere to disease treatment regimens. The focus of health psychologists tend to center on the health crisis facing the western world particularly in the US.
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One salient application for school psychology in today's world is responding to the unique challenges of increasingly multicultural classrooms. For example, psychologists can contribute insight about the differences between individualistic and collectivistic cultures.
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Though the name of the title "Industrial
Organizational Psychology" implies 2 split disciplines being chained together, it is near impossible to have one half without the other. If asked to generally define the differences, Industrial psychology focuses more on the
1014:. In general, however, when medication is warranted many psychologists will work in cooperation with psychiatrists so that clients get therapeutic needs met. Clinical psychologists may also work as part of a team with other professionals, such as
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Medical psychology involves the application of a range of psychological principles, theories and findings applied to the effective management of physical and mental disorders to improve the psychological and physical health of the patient. The
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and legal psychology are the areas concerned with the application of psychological methods and principles to legal questions and issues. Most typically, forensic psychology involves a clinical analysis of a particular individual and an
967:, although clinical psychologists may also engage in research, teaching, consultation, forensic testimony, and program development and administration. Some clinical psychologists may focus on the clinical management of patients with
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From simple things like the size of buttons and design of office chairs to layout of airplane cockpits, human factor psychologists, specializing in ergonomics, attempt to de-stress our everyday lives and sometimes even save them.
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Another domain of educational psychology is the psychology of teaching. In some colleges, educational psychology courses are called "the psychology of learning and teaching". Educational psychology derives a great deal from
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2002. The annual numbers of masters' and PhD degrees have also increased dramatically over the same period. All the while, degrees in the related fields of economics, sociology, and political science have remained constant.
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Ogloff, J. R., and
Finkelman, D. (1999). Psychology and law: An overview. In R. Roesch, ed., S. D. Hart, ed., & J. R. P. Ogloff (Eds.), Psychology and law: The state of the discipline (pp. 1–20). New York: Kluwer
1337:, parents, and school personnel about learning, behavioral, social, and emotional problems. They may teach lessons on parenting skills (like school counselors), learning strategies, and other skills related to school
1269:, retirement planning and unemployment among many other issues related to the workplace and people's work lives. In short, I-O psychology is the application of psychology to the workplace. One aspect of this field is
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research strives to make sense of large piles of data to bring precise applications to product designs and systems to help people work more naturally, intuitively with the items of their surroundings.
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Roscoe, S. N. (1997). The adolescence of engineering psychology. In S. M. Casey (Series Ed.), Human factors history monograph series (Vol. 1). Santa Monica, CA: Human
Factors and Ergonomics Society.
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Feldt, T.; Leskinen, E.; Kinnunen, U. (2005). "Structural invariance and stability of sense of coherence: A longitudinal analysis of two groups with different employment experiences".
1326:, therapeutic interventions, special education, psychology, consultation, child and adolescent psychopathology, and the ethical, legal and administrative codes of their profession.
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Leichsenring, Falk; Leibing, Eric (2003). "The effectiveness of psychodynamic therapy and cognitive behavior therapy in the treatment of personality disorders: A meta-analysis".
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are just a few of the areas that have been influenced by the application of psychological principles and scientific findings. Some of the areas of applied psychology include
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to problems such as traffic mobility and congestion, road accidents, speeding. Research psychologists also are involved with the education and the motivation of road users.
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Industrial and organizational psychology, or I-O psychology, focuses on the psychology of work. Relevant topics within I-O psychology include the psychology of recruitment,
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Cina, Carol. "Social
Science for Whom? A Structural History of Social Psychology." Doctoral dissertation, accepted by the State University of New York at Stony Brook, 1981.
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Kathy Pezdek, Kenneth A. Deffenbacher, Shirley Lam, & Robert R. Hoffman, "Cognitive
Psychology: Applications and Careers", in Donaldson, Berger, & Pezdek (eds.),
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Tucker, J.S.; Sinclair, R.R.; Thomas, J.L. (2005). "The multilevel effects of occupational stressors on soldiers' well-being: Organizational attachment, and readiness".
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Occupational health psychology (OHP) is a relatively new discipline that emerged from the confluence of health psychology, industrial and organizational psychology, and
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Moore, S.; Grunberg, L.; Greenberg, E. (2004). "Repeated downsizing contact: The effects of similar and dissimilar layoff experiences on work and well-being outcomes".
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Clinical psychology includes the study and application of psychology for the purpose of understanding, preventing, and relieving psychologically-based distress or
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held a Behavioral Science Summit and formed the "Human Capital Initiative", spanning schools, workplace productivity, drugs, violence, and community health. The
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1974:
748:). However, the lines between sub-branch specializations and major applied psychology categories are often mixed or in some cases blurred. For example, a
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Stewart I. Donaldson & Dale E. Berger, "The Rise and Promise of Applied Psychology in the 21st Century", in Donaldson, Berger, & Pezdek (eds.),
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Ravizza, K. (2006). Increasing awareness for sport performance. In J. M. Williams (Ed.), Applied sport psychology (pp. 228–239). New York: McGraw-Hill.
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Stuart Oskamp & P. Wesley Schultz, "Using Psychological Science to Achieve Ecological Sustainability", in Donaldson, Berger, & Pezdek (eds.),
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Patricia M. Greenfield, "Applying Developmental Psychology to Bridge Cultures in the Classroom", in Donaldson, Berger, & Pezdek (eds.),
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Health psychologists view a person's mental condition as heavily related to their physical condition. An important concept in this field is
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1659:"The fields of applied psychology. A report to the Committee on Professional Employment of the American Association for Applied Psychology"
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Most professional psychologists in the U.S. worked in an academic setting until World War II. But during the war, the armed forces and the
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explore the nature of psychological problems, and encourage new ways of thinking, feeling, or behaving. The four major perspectives are
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methods and findings of scientific psychology to solve practical problems of human and animal behavior and experience. Educational and
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Bradley-Johnson, Sharon; Dean, Vincent J. (2000). "Role change for school psychology: The challenge continues in the new millennium".
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instruction in early reading attainment. They also study the question of why learning occurs differently in different situations.
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Marks, D.F., Murray, M. et al. (2005). "Health Psychology: Theory, Research & Practice." London, England: Sage Publications.
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Tilly, W. D. (2008). The evolution of school psychology to science-based practice: Problem solving and the three-tiered model.
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Friedman, H. S., ed., & Silver, R. C. (Eds.). (2007). Foundations of health psychology. New York: Oxford University Press.
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Professional organizations have organized special events and meetings to promote the idea of applied psychology. In 1990, the
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Goldenbeld, C.; Levelt, P.B.M.; Heidstra, J. (2000). "Psychological perspectives on changing driver attitude and behaviour".
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Houdmont, J., & Leka, S. (2010). An introduction to occupational health psychology. In S. Leka & J. Houdmont (Eds.).
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Ackerman, M. J.; Ackerman, M. C. (1997). "Custody evaluation practices: A survey of experienced professionals (revisited)".
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Deborah Davis & Elizabeth F. Loftus, "Psychologists in the Forensic World", in Donaldson, Berger, & Pezdek (eds.),
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on issues such as the accuracy of memory, the reliability of police interrogation, and the appropriate course of action in
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Cortina, L.M.; Magley, V.J.; Williams, J.H.; Langhout, R.D. (2001). "Incivility in the workplace: Incidence and impact".
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Kidd, P.; Scharf, T.; Veazie, M. (1996). "Linking stress and injury in the farming environment: A secondary analysis".
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Klusman, Lawrence (2001). "Prescribing Psychologists and Patients' Medical Needs; Lessons From Clinical Psychiatry".
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Everly, G.S., Jr. (1986). An introduction to occupational health psychology. In P.A. Keller & L.G. Ritt (Eds.),
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medication, although there is a growing number of psychologists who do have prescribing privileges, in the field of
740:. In addition, a number of specialized areas in the general area of psychology have applied branches (e.g., applied
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to the diagnosis and treatment of students' behavioral and learning problems. School psychologists are educated in
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Anderson, C. A. (1989). "Temperature and aggression: Ubiquitous effects of heat on occurrence of human violence".
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Adkins, J.A. (1999). "Promoting organizational health: The evolving practice of occupational health psychology".
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Karasek, R.A. (1979). "Job demands, job decision latitude, and mental strain: Implications for job redesign".
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settings, especially schools. Psychologists assess the effects of specific educational interventions: e.g.,
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Howard S. Friedman, "Applying Psychology to Promote Health", in Donaldson, Berger, & Pezdek (eds.),
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Casey, S.M. (1998). Set Phasers on Stun: And Other True Tales of Design, Technology, and Human Error
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Moore, B. & Muse, M. (2012). Handbook of Clinical Psychopharmacology for Psychologists. Wiley.
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Bosma, H.; Marmot, M.G.; Hemingway, H.; Nicholson, A.C.; Brunner, E.; Stansfeld, S.A. (1997).
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Weinstein, C. S. (1979). "The physical environment of the school: A review of the research".
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are techniques often employed by health psychologists. Psychologists also study patients'
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Moyle, P (1998). "Longitudinal influences of managerial support on employee well-being".
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The Committee on Legal Issues of the American Psychological Association is known to file
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from the American Psychological Society (now the Association for Psychological Science)
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Meister, D. (1999). The history of human factors and ergonomics. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
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3624:
3521:
3224:
3108:
2666:
2225:
2140:
Huss, M. T. (2001). "What is forensic psychology? It's not Silence of the Lambs!".
1848:
1493:
1270:
1085:
498:
189:
2723:
Williamson, A.M.; Feyer, A.-M. (1995). "Causes of accidents and the time of day".
2079:
1895:
1864:
1288:
includes research into the classification, training, and performance of soldiers.
753:
psychology can be found in many of the subbranches in other fields of psychology.
17:
2153:
3930:
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3705:
3670:
3526:
3453:
3153:
1951:
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1395:
1089:
briefs, as applications of psychological knowledge to high-profile court cases.
1015:
875:
822:
413:
118:
53:
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2501:
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2180:
2063:
2036:
1826:"What is Counseling Psychology - Society of Counseling Psychology, Division 17"
1635:
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1789:
1407:
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488:
483:
443:
2898:
Rothengatter, T. (1997). "Psychological aspects of road user behavior".
1138:, a mental phenomenon with well-known consequences for physical health.
2843:
10.1002/(SICI)1520-6807(200001)37:1<1::AID-PITS1>3.0.CO;2-Q
2432:
1990:
1334:
855:
2565:"Crossover of workplace aggression experiences in dual-earner couples"
937:
which sets it apart from other of psychotherapy and psychotherapists.
850:
Educational psychology is devoted to the study of how humans learn in
1780:
1697:
1674:
661:
2424:
1176:. Three important organizations closely associated with OHP are the
2564:
1849:"Treasurer's Report: Division of Counseling Psychology—2002 Budget"
1357:
Psychologists have been employed to promote "green" behavior, i.e.
2971:
Donaldson, Stewart I., Dale E. Berger, & Kathy Pezdek (eds.).
1399:
1394:
that seeks to understand psychological/mental factors that affect
826:
760:
831:
Digital advertisements shown at Picadilly Circus, London at night
3629:
1524:"Hugo MĂĽnsterberg: A study in the history of applied psychology"
1411:
1329:
According to Division 16 (Division of School Psychology) of the
503:
3055:
1765:"Advertising: The contribution of applied cognitive psychology"
657:
3051:
1372:
Psychology has been applied on a world scale with the aim of
1273:, the detailed study of which behaviors a given job entails.
2474:
Newsletter of the Society for Occupational Health Psychology
2291:(pp. 331–338). Sarasota, FL: Professional Resource Exchange.
2091:
2089:
1919:
Advanced psychology: applications, issues and perspectives.
2472:
Schmitt, L. (2007). OHP interventions: Wellness programs.
2549:
Kelloway, E.K., Barling, J., & Hurrell, J.J. (Eds).
2302:
Occupational health psychology: Work, stress, and health
1302:
School psychology is a field that applies principles of
2992:
Applied Psychology in Lecturing, John M. Prentice, 1946
2973:
Applied Psychology: New Frontiers and Rewarding Careers
2289:
Innovations in clinical practice: A source book, Vol. 5
975:. In many countries clinical psychology is a regulated
959:
and personal development. Central to its practice are
2226:
What a Health Psychologist Does and How to Become One
1560:
Cina, "Social Science For Whom?" (1981), pp. 186–187.
30:
For Applied Psychology: An International Review, see
672:, behavioural psychology, psychology of motivation,
3943:
3650:
3560:
3472:
3292:
3117:
2563:Haines, V.Y. III; Marchand, A.; Harvey, S. (2006).
1894:American Psychological Association, Division 12, "
1186:European Academy of Occupational Health Psychology
2975:. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2006.
1618:Steffgen, Georges; Michaux, Gilles (2006-01-01).
1581:
1579:
27:Application of psychological theories or findings
898:that can be tested to find the right treatment.
2958:. Second edition. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1979.
1318:theories, psychological and psycho-educational
1178:International Commission on Occupational Health
779:International Association of Applied Psychology
2490:Professional Psychology: Research and Practice
2196:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2169:Professional Psychology: Research and Practice
2025:Professional Psychology: Research and Practice
3067:
933:psychologist's contributions in the areas of
622:
8:
2304:. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company.
2300:Schonfeld, I.S., & Chang, C.-H. (2017).
1731:
1729:
1727:
1390:Sport psychology is a specialization within
2900:Applied Psychology: An International Review
2261:
2259:
1210:Human factor psychologists specializing in
3074:
3060:
3052:
1597:
1595:
1410:and apply these to enhance individual and
1235:selecting employees from an applicant pool
1182:Society for Occupational Health Psychology
629:
615:
36:
2817:Best practices in school psychology V, 1,
2639:Journal of Occupational Health Psychology
2569:Journal of Occupational Health Psychology
2517:Journal of Occupational Health Psychology
2378:Journal of Occupational Health Psychology
2352:
1788:
1167:Journal of Occupational Health Psychology
1913:
1911:
1229:Industrial and organizational psychology
686:industrial and organizational psychology
2553:. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
1657:Darley, John G.; Berdie, Ralph (1940).
1514:
44:
1006:Clinical psychologists do not usually
769:The founder of applied psychology was
1811:Gelso, C.J., & Fretz, B. (2001).
7:
2752:"Scientific committee detail - ICOH"
2317:(pp. 1–30). John Wiley: Hoboken, NJ.
1419:(i.e., sport and exercise sciences,
3046:Human Capital Initiative documents
2912:10.1111/j.1464-0597.1997.tb01227.x
1940:The American Journal of Psychiatry
1699:Encyclopedia of applied psychology
1331:American Psychological Association
1111:be traced to the kindred field of
930:American Psychological Association
798:American Psychological Association
676:, neuropsychology, psychiatry and
25:
3283:
3002:
2413:Administrative Science Quarterly
1836:from the original on 2014-04-19.
1663:Journal of Consulting Psychology
1312:child and adolescent development
1001:eclectic therapeutic orientation
596:
52:
2758:from the original on 2017-01-16
1847:Nutt, Roberta L. (2003-01-01).
2551:Handbook of workplace violence
2315:Occupational health psychology
2107:Review of Educational Research
1763:Furnham, Adrian (March 2019).
1361:. In this case, their goal is
1263:occupational safety and health
1148:Occupational health psychology
1142:Occupational health psychology
794:American Psychological Society
694:occupational health psychology
1:
3379:Industrial and organizational
2939:10.1016/s0761-8980(00)90108-0
2927:Recherche-Transports-Securite
1865:10.1177/001100002003031001014
1696:Spielberger, Charles Donald.
1365:, through strategies such as
1223:Industrial and organizational
339:Industrial and organizational
3620:Human factors and ergonomics
3036:Resources in other libraries
2956:Fields of Applied Psychology
2804:Fields of Applied Psychology
2154:10.24839/1092-0803.Eye5.3.25
1921:Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes.
1769:Applied Cognitive Psychology
1571:Fields of Applied Psychology
1522:Moskowitz, Merle J. (1977).
1198:Human factors and ergonomics
1192:Human factors and ergonomics
1131:with their doctors' orders.
1121:Cognitive behavioral therapy
1041:Forensic, legal and criminal
870:within psychology including
786:Office of Strategic Services
494:Human factors and ergonomics
32:Applied Psychology (journal)
1952:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.7.1223
1853:The Counseling Psychologist
1540:10.1037/0003-066x.32.10.824
4078:
2694:10.1177/109019819602300207
2682:Health Education Quarterly
2581:10.1037/1076-8998.11.4.305
2502:10.1037/0735-7028.30.2.129
2390:10.1037/1076-8998.10.3.276
2181:10.1037/0735-7028.28.2.137
2064:10.1037/0033-2909.106.1.74
2037:10.1037/0735-7028.32.5.496
1917:Brain, Christine. (2002).
1636:10.1027/1016-9040.11.2.149
1620:"Psychology in Luxembourg"
1434:
1383:
1295:
1226:
1195:
1145:
1103:
1044:
1029:
955:and to promote subjective
944:
920:
905:
885:
843:
820:
29:
4006:
3309:Applied behavior analysis
3281:
3089:
3031:Resources in your library
2831:Psychology in the Schools
2737:10.1080/02678379508256550
2651:10.1037/1076-8998.9.3.247
2616:10.1080/02678370500084441
2460:10.1080/02678379808256847
2119:10.3102/00346543049004577
1896:About Clinical Psychology
1815:, (2nd ed.): Brooks Cole.
997:systems or family therapy
868:basic-science disciplines
765:Photo of Hugo MĂĽnsterberg
650:organizational psychology
269:Applied behavior analysis
2529:10.1037/1076-8998.6.1.64
2345:10.1136/bmj.314.7080.558
1979:The Psychological Record
1973:Reisner, Andrew (2005).
1032:Environmental psychology
977:mental health profession
973:clinical neuropsychology
961:psychological assessment
3585:Behavioral neuroscience
3149:Behavioral neuroscience
2333:British Medical Journal
1359:sustainable development
1261:, accident prevention,
971:—this area is known as
800:declared 2000–2010 the
726:evolutionary psychology
459:Behavioral neuroscience
114:Behavioral neuroscience
3635:Psychology of religion
3575:Behavioral engineering
3512:Human subject research
3168:Cognitive neuroscience
3134:Affective neuroscience
3007:Quotations related to
2231:July 16, 2007, at the
2052:Psychological Bulletin
1467:Operational psychology
1308:educational psychology
1212:engineering psychology
993:existential-humanistic
895:individual differences
878:research on learning.
876:behaviorially-oriented
846:Educational psychology
832:
766:
690:engineering psychology
509:Psychology of religion
449:Behavioral engineering
133:Cognitive neuroscience
99:Affective neuroscience
4011:Wiktionary definition
3547:Self-report inventory
3542:Quantitative research
2237:Retrieved 03-04-2007.
1813:Counseling Psychology
1624:European Psychologist
1528:American Psychologist
1504:Outline of psychology
1457:Ecological psychology
1363:behavior modification
1243:performance appraisal
1125:behavior modification
888:Counseling psychology
830:
764:
682:counseling psychology
603:Psychology portal
3537:Qualitative research
3492:Behavior epigenetics
1452:Community psychology
1324:personality theories
1158:workplace incivility
989:cognitive behavioral
902:Medical and clinical
775:On the Witness Stand
746:cognitive psychology
710:community psychology
4016:Wiktionary category
3580:Behavioral genetics
3552:Statistical surveys
3409:Occupational health
3144:Behavioral genetics
1750:Psychology and Life
1304:clinical psychology
1286:Military psychology
1259:occupational stress
1154:occupational health
1113:clinical psychology
1100:Health and medicine
1060:Forensic psychology
1055:Criminal psychology
1047:Forensic psychology
947:Clinical psychology
941:Clinical psychology
912:Clinical psychology
734:forensic psychology
722:clinical psychology
654:business management
454:Behavioral genetics
369:Occupational health
109:Behavioral genetics
40:Part of a series on
4062:Applied psychology
3988:Schools of thought
3891:Richard E. Nisbett
3771:Donald T. Campbell
3449:Sport and exercise
3022:Applied psychology
3009:Applied psychology
2886:Applied Psychology
2870:Applied Psychology
2857:Applied Psychology
2806:(1979), pp. 23–27.
2267:Applied Psychology
2223:APA, Division 38.
2202:Applied Psychology
1991:10.1007/BF03395517
1901:2015-10-19 at the
1737:Applied Psychology
1606:Applied Psychology
1602:Philip G. Zimbardo
1587:Applied Psychology
1477:Fashion psychology
1437:Traffic psychology
1431:Traffic psychology
1421:physical education
1374:population control
1012:medical psychology
935:psychopharmacology
923:Medical psychology
917:Medical psychology
908:Medical psychology
833:
802:Decade of Behavior
767:
738:traffic psychology
718:medical psychology
642:Applied psychology
571:Schools of thought
409:Sport and exercise
255:Applied psychology
18:Applied Psychology
4049:
4048:
4026:Wikimedia Commons
3953:Counseling topics
3916:Ronald C. Kessler
3906:Shelley E. Taylor
3831:Lawrence Kohlberg
3806:Stanley Schachter
3605:Consumer behavior
3487:Archival research
3255:Psycholinguistics
3139:Affective science
3017:Library resources
2725:Work & Stress
2604:Work & Stress
2448:Work & Stress
2339:(7080): 558–565.
1709:978-1-84972-341-1
1404:physical activity
1298:School psychology
1173:Work & Stress
1106:Health psychology
1094:police psychology
1092:A related field,
872:cognitive science
742:social psychology
706:sports psychology
702:school psychology
639:
638:
536:Counseling topics
479:Consumer behavior
220:Psycholinguistics
104:Affective science
16:(Redirected from
4069:
3983:Research methods
3926:Richard Davidson
3921:Joseph E. LeDoux
3796:George A. Miller
3786:David McClelland
3781:Herbert A. Simon
3681:Edward Thorndike
3502:Content analysis
3287:
3260:Psychophysiology
3076:
3069:
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3053:
3006:
2954:Anastasi, Anne.
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2731:(2–3): 158–164.
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2011:
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2001:. Archived from
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1964:
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1946:(7): 1223–1233.
1935:
1929:
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1892:
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1877:
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1472:Peace psychology
1462:Media psychology
1446:Additional areas
1386:Sport psychology
1380:Sport psychology
1367:social marketing
1247:job satisfaction
1070:expert witnesses
1051:Legal psychology
771:Hugo MĂĽnsterberg
698:legal psychology
631:
624:
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601:
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566:Research methods
225:Psychophysiology
85:Basic psychology
56:
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21:
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3978:Psychotherapies
3939:
3896:Martin Seligman
3861:Daniel Kahneman
3801:Richard Lazarus
3751:Raymond Cattell
3655:
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1279:Human Resources
1251:work motivation
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714:neuropsychology
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561:Psychotherapies
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3856:Elliot Aronson
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3851:Walter Mischel
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3816:Albert Bandura
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3791:Leon Festinger
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3761:Neal E. Miller
3758:
3756:Abraham Maslow
3753:
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3741:Ernest Hilgard
3738:
3736:Donald O. Hebb
3733:
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3716:J. P. Guilford
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3711:Gordon Allport
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3691:John B. Watson
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3185:Cross-cultural
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1494:Neuroscience
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1271:job analysis
1232:
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783:
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640:
499:Intelligence
254:
230:Quantitative
195:Mathematical
190:Intelligence
180:Experimental
175:Evolutionary
165:Differential
3958:Disciplines
3931:Susan Fiske
3821:Roger Brown
3721:Carl Rogers
3706:Jean Piaget
3671:Ivan Pavlov
3527:Observation
3507:Experiments
3454:Suicidology
3349:Educational
3304:Anomalistic
3275:Theoretical
3250:Personality
3180:Comparative
3163:Cognitivism
3154:Behaviorism
1499:Social work
1489:Linguistics
1417:kinesiology
1396:performance
953:dysfunction
852:educational
840:Educational
823:Advertising
817:Advertising
541:Disciplines
414:Suicidology
309:Educational
264:Anomalistic
240:Theoretical
215:Personality
145:Comparative
128:Cognitivism
119:Behaviorism
4021:Wikisource
3866:Paul Ekman
3701:Kurt Lewin
3595:Competence
3517:Interviews
3497:Case study
3374:Humanistic
3354:Ergonomics
3339:Counseling
3314:Assessment
3296:psychology
3245:Perception
3205:Ecological
3121:psychology
3099:Philosophy
3083:Psychology
2802:Anastasi,
2762:2017-01-13
2476:, 1, 4–5.
2009:2019-12-17
1569:Anastasi,
1510:References
1425:counseling
1392:psychology
1320:assessment
1267:management
1184:, and the
1129:compliance
1065:assessment
957:well-being
882:Counseling
744:, applied
670:ergonomics
469:Competence
334:Humanistic
314:Ergonomics
299:Counseling
274:Assessment
210:Perception
170:Ecological
46:Psychology
4041:Wikibooks
4031:Wikiquote
3901:Ed Diener
3686:Carl Jung
3590:Cognition
3419:Political
3329:Community
3159:Cognitive
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1008:prescribe
464:Cognition
379:Political
289:Community
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3993:Timeline
3615:Feelings
3610:Emotions
3570:Behavior
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3424:Positive
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3364:Forensic
3359:Feminist
3344:Critical
3334:Consumer
3324:Coaching
3319:Clinical
3294:Applied
3190:Cultural
3129:Abnormal
2756:Archived
2710:33123099
2659:15279519
2589:17059295
2537:11199258
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2229:Archived
1960:12832233
1899:Archived
1834:Archived
1483:See also
1408:exercise
1335:teachers
1316:learning
1239:training
1162:violence
576:Timeline
489:Feelings
484:Emotions
444:Behavior
438:Concepts
399:Religion
384:Positive
374:Pastoral
359:Military
324:Forensic
319:Feminist
304:Critical
294:Consumer
284:Coaching
279:Clinical
155:Cultural
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3968:Outline
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3459:Systems
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3220:Gestalt
3094:History
2949:Sources
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3945:Lists
3404:Music
3389:Media
3384:Legal
3235:Moral
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2663:S2CID
2620:S2CID
2429:JSTOR
2123:S2CID
2076:S2CID
1995:S2CID
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200:Moral
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2977:ISBN
2960:ISBN
2698:PMID
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