262:
592:
42:
95:
612:
682:
2790:
70:
1900:
2778:
698:
At the time it was described, the species was common on the western side of the South Island and in
Marlborough. Then a regular trade in skins sprang up and large numbers were collected for European museums. Further, with the advance of European settlement, birds were killed by prospectors and others
689:
They nest in an excavated burrow, dug by both birds and sometimes lined with plant material. Eggs are laid from July to
January. The clutch size is one to two eggs (15% have 2), which are incubated by the male for 63–76 days. Chicks stay in the nest for 2–3 weeks after hatching and require feeding
672:
make up the largest percentage of the bird's diet. Using its sharp talons and long beak, it digs into the ground and then shoves its long beak down the softened ground. As they cannot fly to get to insects or food on trees and their eyesight is very poor, they depend on a keen sense of smell, long
734:, however it is now restricted to several off-shore island reserves (mainly Kapiti Island) which are mostly free of introduced predators. The little spotted kiwi's conservation status is listed as "range restricted" (by 'Save the Kiwi'), with a growing population. Formerly classified as "
673:
beak and talons. They are nocturnal. Little spotted kiwi call occasionally each night to advertise territory and to maintain contact with partners. Often pairs will duet. They are very territorial, and fight conspecifics with their sharp claws, resulting in many feathers on the ground.
475:. The little spotted kiwi was on the brink of extinction when a conservation effort took place 100 years ago. Five individuals were translocated from the South Island of New Zealand to Kapiti Island. Today, the Kapiti Island population has grown, with around 1200 birds.
527:
and sent to
England. The locality is not recorded but it probably came from Nelson or Marlborough. In 1873, Henry Potts published an account of its habitats, and about this time specimens were collected in South Westland and sent to England.
536:
The little spotted kiwi has a length of 35 to 45 cm (14–18 in) and the weight of the male is 0.88 to 1.36 kg (1 lb 15 oz – 3 lb 0 oz) and the female weighs 1 to 1.95 kg
690:
for 4 weeks. Little spotted kiwi eggs are the largest egg relative to the size of the bird. Its egg accounts for 26 percent of its own weight—the equivalent of a human giving birth to a six-year-old child.
648:, and older forest habitats. Lower numbers are found in rough grassland and scrub, indicating that either they prefer other habitats or they simply need a larger territory to support themselves in these areas.
727:. This was the first time since the 19th century that little spotted kiwis could be found on the mainland of the North Island. In 2015, 20 kiwis were translocated from Kapiti Island to Anchor Island.
471:. It is endemic to New Zealand, and in pre-European times occurred in both main islands, but is now restricted to a number of small offshore islands, and mainland reserves protected by
742:, it was suspected to be more numerous than generally assumed. Following the evaluation of its population size, this was found to be correct, and it was consequently downlisted to "
699:
for food and their attendant dogs and cats took their toll. The species was extinct on the North Island by 1938 when the last four South Island birds were moved from
2993:
1374:
752:), is important to its increasing numbers. It has an occurrence range of 31 km (12 sq mi), and a population of 1600 was estimated in the year 2012.
3132:
1508:
3032:
591:
1254:"Co-extinct and critically co-endangered species of parasitic lice, and conservation-induced extinction: should lice be reintroduced to their hosts?"
565: lb), making it the smallest species of kiwi. Their feathers are pale-mottled grey, with fine white mottling, and are shaggy looking. They lack
2967:
3006:
1163:
Folch, A.; Jutglar, F.; Garcia, E.F.J. (2018). del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Sargatal, Jordi; Christie, David A.; de Juana, Eduardo (eds.).
3147:
1142:
720:
1501:
3152:
1430:
1411:
700:
730:
As the smallest species of kiwi, the little spotted kiwi would be very vulnerable to the main kiwi predators like cats, dogs, and
3142:
2660:
2383:
1354:
1077:"Genetic consequences of a century of protection: serial founder events and survival of the little spotted kiwi (Apteryx owenii)"
703:
to the population that had been established on Kapiti Island. After they were released on Kapiti Island, they were also moved to
508:
250:
629:
2871:
2611:
2606:
2601:
857:
656:
Little spotted kiwis eat grubs and other small insects that are found underground, and occasionally eat berries. Earthworms,
3011:
1494:
1382:
611:
2905:
905:
1464:
2768:
2731:
1805:
746:" status in 2008 as, although not rare, its small range puts it at risk. The lack of predators, apart from weka (
3037:
2572:
724:
516:
became extinct in the late 19th century; its status as a subspecies is not universally accepted as valid though.
94:
2584:
2151:
2139:
1050:
825:
716:
2690:
2204:
2192:
1940:
777:
712:
708:
1051:"Checklist of the birds of New Zealand, Norfolk and Macquarie Islands, and the Ross Dependency, Antarctica"
2892:
2806:
2702:
2464:
2115:
2110:
2105:
1993:
1846:
50:
3091:
2910:
2743:
2567:
2562:
2452:
2296:
2168:
2127:
1769:
748:
731:
199:
1440:
1212:
976:
453:
family, Apterygidae. It is the smallest of the five kiwi species, at about 0.9 to 1.9 kg (2–
261:
3057:
2954:
2884:
2853:
2393:
2078:
1706:
1605:
1533:
1517:
1326:
665:
602:
472:
2844:
2523:
2511:
1976:
1964:
1629:
500:
59:
2794:
2670:
2665:
2486:
2437:
2427:
2042:
1916:
1858:
1723:
1718:
1677:
1617:
1423:
Latin Names
Explained. A Guide to the Scientific Classifications of Reptiles, Birds & Mammals
1186:
1165:
809:
735:
704:
332:
89:
3096:
2621:
566:
2998:
1899:
41:
3078:
3024:
2928:
2714:
2685:
2675:
2648:
2535:
2279:
2240:
1998:
1740:
1728:
1694:
1665:
1653:
1593:
1545:
1426:
1407:
1138:
1106:
524:
3137:
3083:
2748:
2719:
2638:
2552:
2308:
2291:
1870:
1581:
1268:
1178:
1096:
1088:
1031:
971:
841:
496:
468:
3047:
2897:
3065:
2643:
2257:
2180:
1757:
743:
645:
598:
74:
2616:
1988:
953:
681:
2858:
2474:
2354:
2325:
2313:
2015:
1781:
1321:
1101:
1076:
1035:
873:
3126:
3019:
2447:
2442:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2349:
1190:
962:
889:
793:
641:
146:
79:
1019:
487:
and belongs to the
Apterygiformes order, and the Apterygidae family. The genus name
2782:
2626:
2469:
2337:
2216:
2090:
1952:
1817:
1641:
513:
2933:
2920:
3109:
2980:
2838:
2432:
2267:
2054:
450:
176:
166:
156:
3104:
2680:
2228:
2156:
1569:
1273:
657:
520:
215:
17:
2829:
2095:
2366:
2066:
1793:
623:
582:
574:
106:
1841:
1752:
1689:
1182:
1110:
1092:
3070:
2823:
2589:
1406:(2nd ed.). Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group. pp. 89–90, 92–93.
1288:
661:
126:
2972:
2879:
1882:
1486:
1253:
669:
570:
622:
The little spotted kiwi had an obligate louse that parasitized on it,
2985:
2866:
1829:
1557:
484:
116:
2946:
2800:
2941:
680:
632:, all lice were killed while ensuring captive kiwis for survival.
2959:
2547:
2010:
739:
578:
136:
2804:
1490:
2557:
2100:
1398:
Davies, S.J.J.F. (2003). "Kiwis". In
Hutchins, Michael (ed.).
947:
945:
664:
larvae, and spiders are their most common foods. Fruit of the
723:. In 2000, about 20 little spotted kiwis were released into
585:. Their bill is ivory and long and their legs are pale.
519:
The little spotted kiwi was first described in 1847 by
2766:
2813:
2502:
2382:
2256:
2031:
1907:
1524:
1355:"Little Spotted Kiwi – BirdLife Species Factsheet"
1316:
1314:
1312:
1164:
977:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22678129A92756395.en
1024:Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London
491:means 'without wings' and the species is named
1502:
8:
2752:
2735:
2723:
2706:
2694:
2652:
2630:
2593:
2576:
2539:
2527:
2515:
2490:
2478:
2456:
2419:
2397:
2370:
2358:
2341:
2329:
2317:
2300:
2283:
2271:
2244:
2232:
2220:
2208:
2196:
2184:
2172:
2160:
2143:
2131:
2119:
2082:
2070:
2058:
2046:
2019:
2002:
1980:
1968:
1956:
1944:
1932:
1920:
1886:
1874:
1862:
1850:
1833:
1821:
1809:
1797:
1785:
1773:
1761:
1744:
1732:
1710:
1698:
1681:
1669:
1657:
1645:
1633:
1621:
1609:
1597:
1585:
1573:
1561:
1549:
1537:
1137:. London: A & C Black. pp. 23–24.
2801:
1509:
1495:
1487:
260:
68:
40:
31:
1272:
1100:
975:
269:The distribution of little spotted kiwi.
1252:Rózsa, Lajos; Vas, Zoltán (2014-08-22).
1175:Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive
1004:
1002:
1000:
998:
996:
994:
754:
2773:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1230:
941:
587:
417:(Gould 1847) Iredale & Mathews 1926
409:(Gould 1847) Iredale & Mathews 1926
347:
1425:. London: Facts on File. p. 181.
1322:"Apteryx owenii (Little spotted kiwi)"
3133:IUCN Red List near threatened species
1158:
1156:
1154:
581:. They lack a tail, but have a small
7:
3058:0f818a56-973c-4488-8c45-cf8b6435363b
449:) is a small flightless bird in the
1177:. Barcelona, Spain: Lynx Edicions.
963:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1400:Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia
1036:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1847.tb00159.x
25:
1133:Hume, J. P.; Walters, M. (2012).
2788:
2776:
2661:North Island little spotted kiwi
1898:
1404:Tinamous and Ratites to Hoatzins
1373:BirdLife International (2008b).
1353:BirdLife International (2008a).
1081:Proceedings. Biological Sciences
610:
590:
251:North Island little spotted kiwi
238:South Island little spotted kiwi
93:
1463:BirdLife International (2023).
1291:Rallicola (Aptericola) pilgrimi
952:BirdLife International (2016).
630:conservation-induced extinction
467: lb), about the size of a
2612:North Island stout-legged wren
2607:South Island stout-legged wren
1421:Gotch, A.F. (1995) . "Kiwis".
1340:BirdLife International (2008b)
1242:BirdLife International (2008a)
757:Breeding population and trends
390:Apteryx australis occidentalis
1:
1056:(4th ed.). Te Papa Press
1020:"On a new species of Apteryx"
660:beetle larvae, caterpillars,
483:The little spotted kiwi is a
385:(Rothschild 1893) Buller 1905
3148:Endemic birds of New Zealand
1347:General and cited references
858:Zealandia Wildlife Sanctuary
644:show that they prefer flax,
523:from a specimen obtained by
422:Stictapteryx owenii iredalei
668:is also commonly consumed.
3169:
2732:New Zealand owlet-nightjar
1806:South Island oystercatcher
1049:Gill; et al. (2010).
1008:Davies, S. J. J. F. (2003)
617:Burrow entrance, Zealandia
414:Stictapteryx owenii owenii
401:(Gould 1847) Verheyen 1960
374:Apteryx oweni occidentalis
361:Rowley 1875 non Potts 1873
2573:Auckland Island merganser
1896:
1274:10.1017/s0030605313000628
725:Karori Wildlife Sanctuary
506:survives. The subspecies
338:
331:
313:Shakespear Open Sanctuary
268:
259:
228:
223:
205:
198:
90:Scientific classification
88:
66:
57:
48:
39:
34:
3153:Taxa named by John Gould
2585:Chatham Island merganser
2152:Northern royal albatross
2140:New Zealand storm petrel
1217:The Australian Zoologist
1211:Whittell, H. M. (1947).
1087:(1762). PubMed Central.
970:: e.T22678129A92756395.
636:Distribution and habitat
3143:Birds described in 1847
2205:South Island saddleback
2193:North Island saddleback
2169:Orange-fronted parakeet
1941:North Island brown kiwi
1402:. Vol. 8 Birds I:
713:Tiritiri Matangi Island
2753:
2736:
2724:
2707:
2695:
2653:
2631:
2594:
2577:
2540:
2528:
2516:
2491:
2479:
2457:
2420:
2398:
2371:
2359:
2342:
2330:
2318:
2301:
2284:
2272:
2245:
2233:
2221:
2209:
2197:
2185:
2173:
2161:
2144:
2132:
2120:
2116:New Zealand fairy tern
2083:
2071:
2059:
2047:
2020:
2003:
1981:
1969:
1957:
1945:
1933:
1921:
1887:
1875:
1863:
1851:
1847:Variable oystercatcher
1834:
1822:
1810:
1798:
1786:
1774:
1762:
1745:
1733:
1711:
1699:
1682:
1670:
1658:
1646:
1634:
1622:
1610:
1598:
1586:
1574:
1562:
1550:
1538:
1183:10.2173/bow.liskiw1.01
1166:"Little Spotted Kiwi (
1093:10.1098/rspb.2013.0576
686:
51:Zealandia EcoSanctuary
3092:Paleobiology Database
2744:New Zealand musk duck
2691:Scarlett's shearwater
2568:South Island adzebill
2563:North Island adzebill
2453:Erect-crested penguin
2297:Chatham oystercatcher
2128:New Zealand king shag
1770:New Zealand rock wren
1441:"Little spotted kiwi"
749:Gallirallus australis
721:Queen Charlotte Sound
715:, Chalky Island, and
684:
473:pest-exclusion fences
366:Pseudapteryx gracilis
272:Predator-free islands
2394:Antipodean albatross
2384:Subantarctic islands
1707:New Zealand dotterel
1606:Double-banded plover
1518:Birds of New Zealand
1465:"Species factsheet:
1327:Animal Diversity Web
1018:Gould, John (1847).
921:Total (New Zealand)
577:feathers around the
382:Apteryx occidentalis
35:Little spotted kiwi
3048:little-spotted-kiwi
2703:North Island takahē
2578:rakiraki maungahuka
2524:New Zealand bittern
2512:South Island piopio
2465:Reischek's parakeet
2111:South Island kōkako
2106:North Island kōkako
1994:South Island takahē
1977:Yellow-eyed penguin
1965:Southern brown kiwi
1929:Little spotted kiwi
1375:"What's New (2008)"
1213:"Frederick Strange"
1123:Gotch, A. F. (1995)
759:
628:. In an example of
501:nominate subspecies
437:little spotted kiwi
406:Stictapteryx owenii
60:Conservation status
2671:South Island snipe
2666:North Island snipe
2487:Subantarctic snipe
2438:Campbell albatross
2428:Antipodes parakeet
2372:kawau o rangihaute
2043:Black-fronted tern
1917:Great spotted kiwi
1859:White-fronted tern
1724:North Island robin
1719:South Island robin
1678:Long-tailed cuckoo
1618:New Zealand falcon
810:Red Mercury Island
755:
705:Red Mercury Island
687:
625:Rallicola pilgrimi
573:. They have large
284:Red Mercury Island
3120:
3119:
3079:Open Tree of Life
2807:Taxon identifiers
2764:
2763:
2715:New Zealand goose
2536:New Zealand quail
2280:Chatham albatross
1999:Fiordland penguin
1741:Paradise shelduck
1729:New Zealand scaup
1666:Sacred kingfisher
1654:Grey-faced petrel
1546:Black-billed gull
1144:978-1-4081-5725-1
934:
933:
525:Frederick Strange
433:
432:
426:
418:
410:
402:
394:
393:(Rothschild 1893)
386:
378:
370:
362:
354:
344:
253:
248:
239:
236:
83:
16:(Redirected from
3160:
3113:
3112:
3100:
3099:
3087:
3086:
3074:
3073:
3061:
3060:
3051:
3050:
3041:
3040:
3028:
3027:
3015:
3014:
3002:
3001:
2989:
2988:
2976:
2975:
2963:
2962:
2950:
2949:
2937:
2936:
2924:
2923:
2914:
2913:
2901:
2900:
2888:
2887:
2885:187706CF92320BD8
2875:
2874:
2862:
2861:
2849:
2848:
2847:
2834:
2833:
2832:
2802:
2793:
2792:
2791:
2781:
2780:
2779:
2772:
2756:
2749:New Zealand swan
2739:
2727:
2710:
2698:
2656:
2634:
2602:Long-billed wren
2597:
2580:
2543:
2531:
2519:
2494:
2482:
2460:
2423:
2401:
2374:
2362:
2345:
2333:
2321:
2309:Chatham parakeet
2304:
2292:Chatham gerygone
2287:
2275:
2248:
2236:
2224:
2212:
2200:
2188:
2176:
2164:
2147:
2135:
2123:
2086:
2074:
2062:
2050:
2023:
2006:
1984:
1972:
1960:
1948:
1936:
1924:
1902:
1890:
1878:
1866:
1854:
1837:
1825:
1813:
1801:
1789:
1777:
1765:
1748:
1736:
1714:
1702:
1685:
1673:
1661:
1649:
1637:
1625:
1613:
1601:
1589:
1582:Buff-banded rail
1577:
1565:
1553:
1541:
1511:
1504:
1497:
1488:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1436:
1417:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1381:. Archived from
1369:
1367:
1365:
1341:
1338:
1332:
1331:
1318:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1303:
1285:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1258:
1249:
1243:
1240:
1225:
1224:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1172:
1160:
1149:
1148:
1130:
1124:
1121:
1115:
1114:
1104:
1075:Ramstad (2013).
1072:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1055:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1015:
1009:
1006:
989:
988:
986:
984:
979:
949:
842:Tiritiri Matangi
760:
701:d'Urville Island
614:
597:Illustration by
594:
564:
563:
559:
556:
550:
549:
545:
542:
497:Sir Richard Owen
466:
465:
461:
458:
441:little grey kiwi
424:
416:
408:
400:
392:
384:
376:
368:
360:
352:
342:
281:Tiritiri Matangi
264:
249:
246:
237:
234:
211:
98:
97:
77:
72:
71:
44:
32:
21:
3168:
3167:
3163:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3158:
3157:
3123:
3122:
3121:
3116:
3108:
3103:
3095:
3090:
3082:
3077:
3069:
3066:Observation.org
3064:
3056:
3054:
3046:
3044:
3036:
3031:
3023:
3018:
3010:
3005:
2997:
2992:
2984:
2979:
2971:
2966:
2958:
2953:
2945:
2940:
2932:
2927:
2919:
2917:
2909:
2904:
2896:
2891:
2883:
2878:
2870:
2865:
2857:
2852:
2843:
2842:
2837:
2828:
2827:
2822:
2809:
2799:
2789:
2787:
2777:
2775:
2767:
2765:
2760:
2644:Waitaha penguin
2639:Chatham penguin
2504:
2498:
2386:
2378:
2260:
2258:Chatham Islands
2252:
2181:Red-billed gull
2174:kākāriki karaka
2035:
2033:
2027:
1909:
1903:
1894:
1526:
1520:
1515:
1477:
1475:
1462:
1459:
1446:
1444:
1443:. Save the Kiwi
1439:
1433:
1420:
1414:
1397:
1388:
1386:
1372:
1363:
1361:
1352:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1335:
1320:
1319:
1310:
1301:
1299:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1256:
1251:
1250:
1246:
1241:
1228:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1195:
1193:
1162:
1161:
1152:
1145:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1122:
1118:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1007:
992:
982:
980:
951:
950:
943:
939:
744:near threatened
696:
679:
654:
638:
618:
615:
606:
601:from a work by
599:J. G. Keulemans
595:
561:
557:
554:
552:
547:
543:
540:
538:
534:
481:
463:
459:
456:
454:
429:
377:Rothschild 1893
346:
345:
219:
213:
207:
194:
92:
84:
75:Near Threatened
73:
69:
62:
28:
27:Species of bird
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3166:
3164:
3156:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3125:
3124:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3114:
3110:Apteryx-owenii
3101:
3088:
3075:
3062:
3052:
3042:
3029:
3016:
3003:
2990:
2977:
2964:
2951:
2938:
2925:
2915:
2902:
2889:
2876:
2872:apteryx-owenii
2863:
2859:Apteryx_owenii
2850:
2845:Apteryx owenii
2835:
2819:
2817:
2815:Apteryx owenii
2811:
2810:
2805:
2798:
2797:
2785:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2758:
2746:
2741:
2729:
2717:
2712:
2700:
2688:
2686:Imber's petrel
2683:
2678:
2676:Forbes's snipe
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2649:Eyles' harrier
2646:
2641:
2636:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2587:
2582:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2533:
2521:
2508:
2506:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2496:
2484:
2475:Snares penguin
2472:
2467:
2462:
2458:tawaki nana hī
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2390:
2388:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2364:
2355:Magenta petrel
2352:
2347:
2335:
2326:Chatham pigeon
2323:
2314:Chatham petrel
2311:
2306:
2294:
2289:
2277:
2264:
2262:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2250:
2238:
2226:
2214:
2202:
2190:
2178:
2166:
2154:
2149:
2137:
2125:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2076:
2064:
2052:
2039:
2037:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2013:
2008:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1974:
1962:
1950:
1938:
1926:
1913:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1892:
1880:
1868:
1856:
1844:
1839:
1827:
1815:
1803:
1791:
1782:Shining cuckoo
1779:
1767:
1755:
1750:
1738:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1704:
1692:
1687:
1675:
1663:
1651:
1639:
1627:
1615:
1603:
1591:
1579:
1567:
1555:
1543:
1530:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1516:
1514:
1513:
1506:
1499:
1491:
1485:
1484:
1467:Apteryx owenii
1458:
1457:External links
1455:
1454:
1453:
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1418:
1412:
1395:
1370:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1342:
1333:
1308:
1280:
1267:(1): 107–110.
1244:
1226:
1203:
1168:Apteryx owenii
1150:
1143:
1125:
1116:
1067:
1041:
1010:
990:
956:Apteryx owenii
940:
938:
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509:A. o. iredalei
480:
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446:Apteryx owenii
431:
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411:
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350:Apteryx mollis
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319:Cape Sanctuary
314:
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287:Motuihe Island
285:
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279:
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247:(Mathews 1935)
244:A. o. iredalei
240:
226:
225:
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220:
214:
209:Apteryx owenii
203:
202:
196:
195:
191:A. owenii
188:
186:
182:
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174:
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157:Apterygiformes
154:
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36:
26:
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18:Apteryx owenii
14:
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10:
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4:
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2:
3165:
3154:
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2770:
2755:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2738:
2733:
2730:
2726:
2721:
2720:Finsch's duck
2718:
2716:
2713:
2709:
2704:
2701:
2697:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
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2579:
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2553:Haast's eagle
2551:
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2476:
2473:
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2468:
2466:
2463:
2459:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2448:Campbell teal
2446:
2444:
2443:Campbell shag
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2422:
2421:tētē kākāriki
2417:
2416:Auckland teal
2414:
2412:
2411:Auckland shag
2409:
2407:
2406:Auckland rail
2404:
2400:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2373:
2368:
2365:
2361:
2356:
2353:
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2350:Chatham snipe
2348:
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2327:
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2227:
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2211:
2206:
2203:
2199:
2194:
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2179:
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2167:
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2073:
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2056:
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2034:endemic birds
2030:
2022:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
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1987:
1983:
1978:
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1934:kiwi pukupuku
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1787:pīpīwharauroa
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1607:
1604:
1600:
1595:
1592:
1588:
1583:
1580:
1576:
1571:
1568:
1564:
1559:
1558:Brown creeper
1556:
1552:
1547:
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1540:
1535:
1532:
1531:
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1523:
1519:
1512:
1507:
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1498:
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1492:
1489:
1474:
1470:
1468:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1432:0-8160-3377-3
1428:
1424:
1419:
1415:
1413:0-7876-5784-0
1409:
1405:
1401:
1396:
1385:on 2007-08-28
1384:
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1135:Extinct Birds
1129:
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1120:
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906:Chalky Island
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890:Anchor Island
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797:
795:
794:Kapiti Island
792:
791:
787:
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779:
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771:
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762:
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733:
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702:
693:
691:
683:
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674:
671:
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663:
659:
651:
649:
647:
643:
642:Kapiti Island
635:
633:
631:
627:
626:
613:
608:
604:
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593:
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586:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
531:
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517:
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511:
510:
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502:
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452:
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438:
423:
420:
415:
412:
407:
404:
399:
396:
391:
388:
383:
380:
375:
372:
369:Lydekker 1891
367:
364:
359:
358:Apteryx fusca
356:
351:
348:
337:
334:
330:
324:
321:
318:
315:
312:
309:
308:
307:
305:
299:Chalky Island
298:
296:Anchor Island
295:
292:
290:Kapiti Island
289:
286:
283:
280:
277:
276:
275:
273:
267:
263:
258:
252:
245:
241:
233:
230:
229:
227:
222:
217:
212:
210:
204:
201:
200:Binomial name
197:
193:
192:
187:
184:
183:
180:
179:
175:
172:
171:
168:
165:
162:
161:
158:
155:
152:
151:
148:
147:Palaeognathae
145:
142:
141:
138:
135:
132:
131:
128:
125:
122:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
108:
105:
102:
101:
96:
91:
87:
81:
76:
65:
61:
56:
53:, Wellington
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2814:
2627:Laughing owl
2622:Chatham kākā
2617:Lyall's wren
2470:Snares snipe
2338:Chatham shag
2217:Shore plover
2091:Foveaux shag
2016:Blue penguin
1953:Okarito kiwi
1928:
1818:Spotted shag
1746:pūtangitangi
1642:Grey warbler
1476:. Retrieved
1472:
1466:
1445:. Retrieved
1422:
1403:
1399:
1387:. Retrieved
1383:the original
1379:IUCN RedList
1378:
1362:. Retrieved
1358:
1336:
1325:
1300:. Retrieved
1297:nztcs.org.nz
1296:
1290:
1283:
1264:
1260:
1247:
1220:
1216:
1206:
1194:. Retrieved
1174:
1167:
1134:
1128:
1119:
1084:
1080:
1070:
1058:. Retrieved
1044:
1030:(1): 93–94.
1027:
1023:
1013:
981:. Retrieved
967:
961:
955:
756:
747:
729:
697:
694:Conservation
688:
677:Reproduction
655:
639:
624:
621:
603:G. D. Rowley
535:
518:
514:North Island
507:
504:A. o. owenii
503:
492:
488:
482:
445:
444:
440:
436:
434:
425:Mathews 1935
421:
413:
405:
397:
389:
381:
373:
365:
357:
349:
322:
316:
310:
303:
302:
271:
270:
243:
232:A. o. owenii
231:
208:
206:
190:
189:
177:
143:Infraclass:
49:Foraging at
29:
2981:iNaturalist
2839:Wikispecies
2795:New Zealand
2737:ruru hinapō
2433:Bounty shag
2268:Black robin
2055:Black stilt
1888:ngutuparore
1852:tōrea pango
1763:tītipounamu
1712:tūturiwhatu
1587:moho-pererū
983:12 November
930:Increasing
900:Increasing
868:Increasing
852:Increasing
836:Increasing
826:Long Island
820:Increasing
788:Increasing
717:Long Island
685:Egg in hand
640:Studies on
567:aftershafts
532:Description
499:. Only the
398:Kiwi owenii
293:Long Island
224:Subspecies
167:Apterygidae
3127:Categories
3105:Xeno-canto
2725:manutahora
2681:Snipe-rail
2595:mātuhituhi
2241:Yellowhead
2229:Stitchbird
2157:Otago shag
2145:takahikare
2032:Endangered
1908:Flightless
1823:pārekareka
1635:pīwakawaka
1570:Brown teal
1302:2023-08-23
778:Hen Island
766:Population
736:vulnerable
709:Hen Island
666:hinau tree
658:cockchafer
521:John Gould
353:Potts 1873
278:Hen Island
235:Gould 1847
2480:pokotiwha
2367:Pitt shag
2222:tūturuatu
2186:tarāpunga
2133:kawau tūī
2067:Blue duck
2048:tarapiroe
1876:pōpokotea
1871:Whitehead
1794:Silvereye
1473:Data Zone
1359:Data Zone
1223:: 96–114.
1196:18 August
1191:243646391
937:Citations
738:" by the
652:Behaviour
583:pygostyle
575:vibrissae
512:from the
325:Zealandia
185:Species:
113:Kingdom:
107:Eukaryota
3025:22678129
2999:10862264
2898:22678129
2893:BirdLife
2824:Wikidata
2590:Bushwren
2492:tutukiwi
2121:tara-iti
2079:Fernbird
2036:(flying)
1835:miromiro
1775:pīwauwau
1758:Rifleman
1700:pīhoihoi
1647:riroriro
1623:kārearea
1611:pohowera
1594:Dabchick
1551:tarāpuka
1539:korimako
1534:Bellbird
1293:. NZTCS"
1111:23677342
763:Location
670:Annelids
662:cranefly
571:barbules
479:Taxonomy
333:Synonyms
304:Mainland
163:Family:
127:Chordata
123:Phylum:
117:Animalia
103:Domain:
80:IUCN 3.1
3138:Apteryx
2973:2495142
2960:1178364
2947:liskiw1
2921:liskiw1
2880:Avibase
2830:Q244197
2769:Portals
2654:kērangi
2529:kaoriki
2503:Extinct
2319:ranguru
1970:tokoeka
1883:Wrybill
1734:pāpango
1683:koekoeā
1630:Fantail
1102:3673049
916:Stable
884:Stable
804:Stable
719:in the
605:, 1870s
560:⁄
546:⁄
489:Apteryx
462:⁄
178:Apteryx
173:Genus:
153:Order:
133:Class:
78: (
3097:399824
3084:241844
3055:NZOR:
3045:NZBO:
3012:553789
2867:ARKive
2696:ōiruki
2632:whēkau
2541:koreke
2517:piopio
2273:karure
2162:Matapo
2084:mātātā
2021:kororā
2004:tawaki
1989:Kākāpō
1830:Tomtit
1799:tauhou
1753:Pūkeko
1690:Kererū
1671:kōtare
1599:weweia
1575:pāteke
1563:pipipi
1525:Common
1478:27 Nov
1447:20 May
1429:
1410:
1189:
1141:
1109:
1099:
1060:22 May
798:c.1200
772:Trend
732:stoats
495:after
493:owenii
485:ratite
469:bantam
218:, 1847
3071:70134
2994:IRMNG
2986:20491
2942:eBird
2918:BOW:
2911:84301
2783:Birds
2754:poūwa
2505:birds
2399:Toroa
2387:birds
2360:tāiko
2343:papua
2331:parea
2302:tōrea
2285:toroa
2261:birds
2246:mōhua
2210:tīeke
2198:tīeke
1982:hoiho
1946:roroa
1922:roroa
1910:birds
1811:tōrea
1695:Pipit
1527:birds
1389:4 Feb
1364:6 Feb
1257:(PDF)
1187:S2CID
1054:(PDF)
927:2012
924:1670
913:2012
646:seral
216:Gould
3038:8824
3033:NCBI
3020:IUCN
3007:ITIS
2968:GBIF
2934:FYYS
2906:BOLD
2708:moho
2548:Huia
2234:hihi
2096:Kākā
2072:whio
2060:kakī
2011:Weka
1958:rowi
1864:tara
1480:2023
1449:2023
1427:ISBN
1408:ISBN
1391:2009
1366:2009
1261:Oryx
1198:2018
1139:ISBN
1107:PMID
1062:2016
985:2021
968:2016
897:2015
881:2012
865:2012
849:2012
833:2012
817:2012
801:2012
785:2012
769:Date
740:IUCN
579:gape
569:and
451:kiwi
435:The
343:List
137:Aves
2955:EoL
2929:CoL
2854:ADW
2558:Moa
2101:Kea
1842:Tūī
1269:doi
1179:doi
1097:PMC
1089:doi
1085:280
1032:doi
972:doi
910:50
862:120
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1943:(
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