304:. The whole sanctuary valley was covered with this sort of forest until European settlement of the area and the large fires in 1850 and 1860 that cleared the land to be used for farming. The lower reservoir, retained by an earth dam, was completed in 1878. Parts of the area continued to be farmed up until 1906 when the remaining catchment was purchased for the water works. The upper reservoir, retained by a concrete gravity arch dam, was completed in 1908. From this point, as the whole valley was a protected water catchment area for Wellington city, the slopes were re-vegetated with introduced trees and the native forest also began regenerating. The upper dam was decommissioned as a reservoir about 1991, the lower one in 1997.
1095:
504:. It is thought that small defects in the fence mesh (damaged during construction) allowed mice to re-enter the sanctuary. Modifications to the fence have been considered in an attempt to permanently exclude mice, but meanwhile, mouse numbers are monitored and controlled. There have been occasional breaches of the fence by weasels and rats, these occasional incursions are not unexpected (for example resulting from storm damage bringing trees down upon the fence), and are picked up by on-going monitoring with tracking tunnels.
42:
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481:
492:
332:
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588:
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209:
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351:, which encircles the 8.6-kilometre (5.3 mi) perimeter of the sanctuary. Construction of the fence was completed in late 1999 and all mammalian pests within the perimeter were then eradicated over a nine-month period. This predator-proof fence is of great conservation significance, being a world first design to bar all terrestrial mammals from mouse size up.
1211:
In 2023, Zealandia won the
Supreme Tourism Award at the New Zealand Tourism Awards. It also won the Airbnb Tourism Excellence Award for Small to Medium businesses. The chief executive of Tourism Industry Aotearoa, Rebecca Ingram, said about the award: “Zealandia is everything we love about tourism:
239:
Sometimes described as the world's first mainland island sanctuary in an urban environment, the sanctuary has inspired many similar projects throughout New
Zealand, with predator-proof fences now protecting the biodiversity of many other areas of forest. Examples include the 7.7-hectare (19-acre)
310:
promoted the idea of a wildlife sanctuary. The "Natural
Wellington" project identified the reservoir catchment as having special significance because it is a large self-contained habitat suitable for a wide variety of native plants and animals. In 1993 a feasibility study was carried out by the
449:
The fence design was arrived at after trials with the various species to be excluded. Its main features are a small mesh size (to exclude animals down to the size of a mouse), a curved top-cap (to prevent animals climbing over) and an underground foot (to prevent animals burrowing underneath).
311:
Wellington regional and city councils and after public consultation in 1994, the idea of a sanctuary was given the go-ahead. The Karori
Wildlife Sanctuary Trust was formed in mid-1995 to implement the proposed 'mainland island' wildlife sanctuary. The land was transferred from the
363:
216:
Most of New
Zealand's ecosystems have been severely modified by the introduction of land mammals that were not present during the evolution of its ecosystems, and have had a devastating impact on both native flora and fauna. The sanctuary, surrounded by a
499:
In terms of its meeting conservation goals, the sanctuary has met with considerable success due to the design of the perimeter fence. The fence and ongoing monitoring have successfully kept the sanctuary free of all but the smallest species – the
564:
has also virtually disappeared from the valley and a number of seedlings have been planted. A wide variety of native trees, of benefit to native fauna, is already present. This includes a mature colony of the
364:
528:
The flora and fauna in the sanctuary are recovering from its pre-managed degraded state. Although the original primary forest has been regenerating since 1906, it is still only in the early stages of
365:
1499:
367:
1718:
Two hundred kākahi (New
Zealand freshwater mussels) have just been translocated from Wairarapa Moana and the Parangarahu lakes to the Upper Lake with the help of iwi partners,
1925:
1930:
1679:
Burns, Rhys J; Bell, Ben D; Haih, Amanda; Bishop, Phillip; Easton, Luke; Wren, Sally; Germano, Jennifer; Hitchmough, Rodney A; Rofe, Jeremy; Makan, Troy (2017).
1866:
82:
1935:
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The sanctuary has become a significant tourist attraction in
Wellington and is responsible for the greatly increased number of sightings of species such as
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1950:
1529:
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1920:
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remove ... (possums, norway rats and ship rats, mice, hedgehogs, wild cats, rabbits, hares, stoats, weasels, ferrets, goats, pigs and fallow deer)
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1945:
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1188:. In 2021 the water level in the lower reservoir was reduced by 6 metres (20 ft) to enable eradication of the introduced
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75:
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225:, which allows the original natural ecosystems to recover by minimising the impact of introduced flora and fauna.
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Lower dam with valve tower during lowering of the reservoir level to enable removal of perch, May 2021
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protecting our wildlife, telling our unique story, thrilling visitors and beloved by its community.”
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594:, one of the many birds free to breed in the sanctuary and re-populate the surrounding environment
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dominating. Members of the original flora that are missing from the site, or rare, include large
293:
189:(just under a square mile) of forest is being restored. The sanctuary was previously part of the
863:
456:
1391:
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884:
721:
557:
222:
185:, New Zealand, the first urban completely fenced ecosanctuary, where the biodiversity of 225
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Historically about 60% of the
Wellington region was covered with broadleaf forest.
1593:
1136:
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412:
387:
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which were eating native fish species and polluting the water with algal bloom.
323:
of
Wellington City Council in October 2016, and is part-funded by the council.
917:
that are naturalised without needing transfers from outside the area include:
737:
621:
417:
182:
67:
1896:
1428:
1345:
637:
97:
84:
1423:(275). Royal Forest and Bird Protection Society of New Zealand Inc.: 12–19.
1340:(322). Royal Forest and Bird Protection Society of New Zealand Inc.: 33–35.
1053:
377:
1085:
753:
229:
1789:"Zealandia's perch eradication project underway to get rid of 22,000 fish"
1229:
1037:
407:
343:, designed to exclude 14 species of non-native land mammals ranging from
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273:
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186:
763:
442:
427:
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Stoat running off after being unable to find a way through the fence.
198:
1763:"Zealandia reservoir to be drained to remove a tonne of pesky perch"
1416:
1333:
1656:. Karori Wildlife Sanctuary Trust. 22 February 2008. Archived from
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519:
511:
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1620:"Karori Wildlife Sanctuary Biosecurity Programme Detects Weasel"
779:
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397:
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1311:"Doing the sums – what are the best predator control options?"
1274:
Zealandia is the world's first fully-fenced urban ecosanctuary
422:
382:
1530:"Zealandia Karori Sanctuary Wellington New Zealand Our Fence"
602:
that have been released in the sanctuary since 2000 include:
1885:"Urban forests create birdlife boom in New Zealand's cities"
1732:"More species of lizards found in Karori Wildlife Sanctuary"
1592:. Karori Wildlife Sanctuary Trust. p. 3. Archived from
1536:. Karori Wildlife Sanctuary Trust. 2011. Archived from
1681:"Conservation status of New Zealand amphibians, 2017"
1501:
Statement of Intent 2020–2021: Karori
Sanctuary Trust
1444:"Jim's story: the founding of Karori Sanctuary Trust"
1288:"Karori Wildlife Sanctuary Trust 10 year anniversary"
1131:
Mokopirirakau aff. granulatus 'Southern North Island'
1474:"Karori Wildlife Sanctuary celebrates land transfer"
1584:Karori Wildlife Sanctuary Trust (1 November 1999).
162:
154:
146:
136:
121:
113:
74:
63:
55:
34:
1814:
1738:. Karori Wildlife Sanctuary Trust. Archived from
1626:. Karori Wildlife Sanctuary Trust. Archived from
1450:. Karori Wildlife sanctuary Trust. Archived from
339:The most crucial aspect of the sanctuary is a
319:in 2004. The Karori Sanctuary Trust became a
8:
1476:(Press release). Karori Wildlife Sanctuary.
827:that have been released since 2000 include:
46:Zealandia on the edge of suburban Wellington
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1855:Some thoughts on predator exclusion fences
1650:"Sanctuary showdown: intruder apprehended"
1507:. Karori Sanctuary Trust. 2020. p. 23
244:/Putaringamotu, the 98-hectare (240-acre)
31:
516:Lower Karori Reservoir looking north-east
1926:Protected areas of the Wellington Region
1688:New Zealand Threat Classification Series
1586:"Pest Eradication – main stage complete"
1524:
1522:
1093:
586:
1816:"Zealandia wins national tourism award"
1359:
1357:
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1221:
1016:Phalacrocorax melanoleucos brevirostris
495:Example of a small defect in fence mesh
452:
1931:Tourist attractions in Wellington City
284:trees were common but there were also
248:, and the 3,500-hectare (8,600-acre)
27:Protected natural area in New Zealand
7:
1730:Romijn, Richard (22 December 2004).
1618:McIntosh-Ward, Nancy (9 July 2004).
1559:David Attenborough (November 2000).
1230:"Wildlife reserve our new Zealandia"
54:
1936:Wildlife sanctuaries of New Zealand
1372:. New Zealand Historic Places Trust
1364:New Zealand Historic Places Trust.
936:Phalacrocorax carbo novaehollandiae
358:Species to be excluded by the fence
313:Greater Wellington Regional Council
240:lowland podocarp forest remnant of
1701:Louise Slocombe (21 August 2018).
786:) (four pairs released 2000-06-16)
634:) (four pairs released 2000-11-03)
158:All year around except 25 December
25:
1951:Birdwatching sites in New Zealand
1207:View of Wellington from Zealandia
250:Maungatautari Restoration Project
181:, is a protected natural area in
1813:Knell, Conor (8 November 2023).
734:) (one pair released 2002-05-03)
479:
467:
455:
62:
40:
1286:Helen Clark (7 December 2005).
532:with small hardy trees such as
321:council-controlled organisation
296:with occasional podocarps like
167:https://www.visitzealandia.com/
145:
112:
1921:Nature reserves in New Zealand
1878:(TVNZ) segment about Zealandia
1534:Karori Sanctuary Trust website
1309:Kate Guthrie (4 August 2016).
952:Rhipidura fulginosa placabilis
252:enclosing an entire mountain.
1:
1787:Johnson, Jacob (1 May 2021).
1761:Green, Kate (23 March 2021).
1590:Press release 1 November 1999
1332:Bain, Helen (November 2006).
1238:. Wellington. 3 December 2008
1090:Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae
896:New Zealand freshwater mussel
644:) (three released 2002-08-24)
193:area for Wellington, between
1946:Urban forests in New Zealand
1883:Corlett, Eva (20 May 2022).
1415:Lynch, Jim (February 1995).
1080:Chrysococcyx lucidus lucidus
774:Petroica macrocephala toitoi
686:) (10 released 2002 to 2005)
654:) (23 released 2010-July-02)
560:, are being re-established.
1032:Phalacrocorax varius varius
760:) (two released 2011-01-28)
652:Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae
1967:
1703:"Meet our Newest Arrivals"
1565:. BBC Natural History Unit
1000:Phalacrocorax sulcirostris
750:) (30 released 2005-02-17)
718:) (39 released 2002-06-16)
702:) (40 released 2001-05-11)
670:) (20 released 2000-07-04)
221:, is a good example of an
842:(released December 2005).
684:Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae
205:wind turbine on Polhill.
179:Karori Wildlife Sanctuary
51:
39:
1941:Parks in Wellington City
818:(60 birds released 2019)
706:Saddleback, North Island
650:, red-fronted parakeet (
177:, formerly known as the
1404:(62): 3. 13 March 1908.
802:) (released 2001, 2002)
317:Wellington City Council
141:Wellington City Council
117:225 ha (560 acres)
1850:Karori Sanctuary Trust
1208:
1099:
1074:
1058:
1042:
1026:
1022:Pied shag, New Zealand
1010:
994:
978:
962:
946:
930:
900:
872:
851:
810:
794:
768:
758:Porphyrio hochstetteri
742:
732:Aythya novaeseelandiae
726:
716:Philesturnus rufusater
710:
694:
678:
662:
626:
610:
595:
571:
525:
524:Upper Karori Reservoir
517:
496:
372:
336:
335:A stretch of the fence
265:
213:
150:Karori Sanctuary Trust
98:41.29444°S 174.75000°E
18:Zealandia EcoSanctuary
1870:(TVNZ) segment on KWS
1206:
1097:
1048:Ninox novaeseelandiae
968:Falco novaeseelandiae
942:Fantail, North Island
906:Echyridella menziesii
816:Acanthisitta chloris)
784:Gallirallus australis
606:Bellbird, New Zealand
590:
523:
515:
494:
370:
334:
263:
211:
1417:"Back to the Future"
1151:Oligosoma polychroma
1147:Northern grass skink
1141:Oligosoma zelandicum
1121:Woodworthia maculata
341:pest-exclusion fence
327:Pest-exclusion fence
219:pest-exclusion fence
103:-41.29444; 174.75000
1630:on 13 December 2004
1596:on 15 December 2000
1562:State of the Planet
1480:. 16 September 2004
1454:on 25 November 2015
1392:"The New Reservoir"
1064:Zosterops lateralis
958:Falcon, New Zealand
878:Leiopelma hamiltoni
836:Sphenodon punctatus
800:Mohoua ochrocephala
690:Robin, North Island
674:Pigeon, New Zealand
658:Little spotted kiwi
642:Nestor meridionalis
577:Fuchsia excorticata
567:New Zealand fuchsia
236:in city's suburbs.
94: /
1448:visitzealandia.com
1366:"Lower Karori Dam"
1313:. Predator free NZ
1258:"Home – Zealandia"
1209:
1181:Non-native species
1100:
748:Notiomystis cincta
722:Scaup, New Zealand
616:Anthornis melanura
596:
526:
518:
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373:
337:
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59:Wildlife sanctuary
1821:www.thepost.co.nz
1742:on 1 October 2006
1421:Forest & Bird
1338:Forest & Bird
1334:"Natural Capital"
1290:. beehive.govt.nz
1235:The Dominion Post
1171:Oligosoma ornatum
990:Little black shag
889:Oligosoma kokowai
857:Deinacrida rugosa
700:Petroica longipes
368:
223:ecological island
172:
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16:(Redirected from
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1540:on 15 March 2012
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1397:The Evening Post
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1161:Oligosoma aeneum
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868:Maud Island frog
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782:, North Island (
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766:, North Island (
756:, South Island (
745:
729:
713:
697:
681:
665:
640:, North Island (
629:
613:
574:
540:species such as
483:
471:
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212:Map of Zealandia
147:Operated by
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1868:Meet the Locals
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1262:Visit Zealandia
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1201:
976:, New Zealand (
864:Hamilton's frog
840:Stephens Island
585:
510:
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191:water catchment
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1876:Asia Downunder
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1839:External links
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1779:
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1736:Press releases
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1693:
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1660:on 15 May 2008
1654:Press releases
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1624:Press releases
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984:Gerygone igata
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474:Top cap detail
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1900:. Retrieved
1889:The Guardian
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1824:. Retrieved
1820:
1808:
1796:. Retrieved
1792:
1782:
1770:. Retrieved
1766:
1756:
1744:. Retrieved
1740:the original
1735:
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1710:. Retrieved
1706:
1696:
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1662:. Retrieved
1658:the original
1653:
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1632:. Retrieved
1628:the original
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1605:
1598:. Retrieved
1594:the original
1589:
1579:
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1561:
1554:
1542:. Retrieved
1538:the original
1533:
1509:. Retrieved
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1494:
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1456:. Retrieved
1452:the original
1447:
1442:Lynch, Jim.
1437:
1420:
1410:
1401:
1395:
1386:
1374:. Retrieved
1370:The Register
1369:
1337:
1327:
1315:. Retrieved
1304:
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1281:
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1266:. Retrieved
1261:
1252:
1240:. Retrieved
1233:
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1210:
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1167:Ornate skink
1160:
1157:Copper skink
1150:
1140:
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1089:
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195:Wrights Hill
178:
174:
173:
29:
1458:25 November
1264:. Zealandia
1137:Brown skink
1006:Little shag
811:tītipounamu
508:Restoration
502:house mouse
388:Fallow deer
197:(bordering
101: /
89:174°45′00″E
76:Coordinates
1915:Categories
1891:. London.
1826:12 January
1712:17 October
1216:References
1027:kāruhiruhi
1011:kawau paka
947:piwakawaka
926:Black shag
847:giant wētā
738:Stitchbird
622:Brown teal
572:kōtukutuku
530:succession
418:Norway rat
246:Bushy Park
201:) and the
183:Wellington
86:41°17′40″S
68:Wellington
1897:0261-3077
1845:ZEALANDIA
1707:ZEALANDIA
1429:0015-7384
1346:0015-7384
1268:3 October
1242:1 October
1054:Silvereye
995:kawau tūī
880:) (2006)
873:pepeketua
859:) (2007)
852:wētāpunga
795:pōpokatea
790:Whitehead
695:toutouwai
592:Toutouwai
554:kahikatea
462:Mesh size
378:Black rat
308:Jim Lynch
298:kahikatea
175:Zealandia
35:Zealandia
1746:1 August
1690:(25): 7.
1664:1 August
1634:1 August
1600:1 August
1544:1 August
1376:1 August
1317:1 August
1294:1 August
1112:Reptiles
1038:Morepork
979:riroriro
963:kārearea
931:kawau pū
908:) (2018)
891:) (2016)
838:), from
806:Rifleman
769:miromiro
648:Kākāriki
611:korimako
538:podocarp
408:Hedgehog
290:rewarewa
274:kohekohe
203:Brooklyn
64:Location
1569:15 July
1511:18 July
1484:18 July
832:tuatara
727:papango
583:Species
256:History
163:Website
127: (
122:Created
1902:21 May
1895:
1798:30 May
1772:30 May
1427:
1344:
1199:Awards
1059:tauhou
913:Other
901:kākahi
823:Other
764:Tomtit
754:Takahē
679:kererū
627:pāteke
558:tōtara
556:, and
486:Footer
443:Weasel
433:Possum
428:Rabbit
393:Ferret
270:Karaka
199:Karori
1767:Stuff
1684:(PDF)
1505:(PDF)
1478:Scoop
1186:Perch
921:Birds
883:~100
711:tīeke
546:matai
534:mahoe
438:Stoat
413:Mouse
282:nīkau
278:ngaio
1904:2022
1893:ISSN
1861:News
1828:2024
1800:2021
1793:TVNZ
1774:2021
1748:2017
1714:2018
1666:2017
1636:2017
1602:2017
1571:2011
1546:2017
1513:2023
1486:2023
1460:2015
1425:ISSN
1402:LXXV
1378:2017
1342:ISSN
1319:2017
1296:2017
1270:2018
1244:2010
1043:ruru
894:200
845:100
780:Weka
743:hihi
638:Kākā
550:miro
542:rimu
403:Hare
398:Goat
349:mice
345:deer
302:rimu
300:and
294:tawa
292:and
286:rātā
280:and
234:kākā
232:and
155:Open
129:1999
125:1999
114:Area
56:Type
1086:Tūī
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423:Pig
383:Cat
347:to
315:to
230:tūī
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