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20: 153: 102:(1897). Burkitt concludes that the manuscript is indisputably Jewish because it comes from the Geniza, and because the Jews at the time of Justinian used the Aquila version. On the other hand, it has been argued that the scribe who copied it was a Christian. 866:(April 1969). Israel, Abrahams; Montefiore, Claude Goldsmid (eds.). "Review: Aquila and His Version. Reviewed Work: An Index to Aquila. Greek-Hebrew, Hebrew-Greek, Latin-Hebrew, with the Syriac and Armenian Evidence by Joseph Reider, Nigel Turner". 195:
poems on four sedarim in Leviticus (13:29; 14:1; 21:1; 22:13), "which can be joined with other leaves in the Genizah to make a complete quire". The text was dated to 11th century C.E. by Schechter, but it may be older, even to the ninth century.
130:, without capital letters at beginnings or paragraphs or as the first letter of the pages. This is one of the few fragments that preserve part of the translation of Aquila, which has also been found in a few 77:
dating from the 9–11th century. This Aquila translation was performed approximately in the early or mid-second century C.E. The manuscript is variously dated to the 6th-century CE, or 5th-6th century CE.
19: 164:
are generally identical and the sign used for it is a corruption of both letters. In one instance, where there was insufficient space at the end of a line, the tetragrammaton is given by
110:
There are preserved "separate pairs of conjugate vellum leaves" of the manuscript (bifolium). Each leaf is 27 cm (11 in) tall by 44 cm (17 in) wide.
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Aq has used to argue for the reception history of Aquila's translation among Jews or to the use of nomina sacra by Jews. In an article focused on the topic,
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concludes that there is no certainty about whether it was a Jew or a Christian who transcribed Aq, and thus it cannot be used as evidence in these debates.
1227: 1322: 1317: 1194: 1134: 1113: 1049: 1010: 989: 968: 118:
Aquila's text is badly preserved. It has been written in two columns and 23 or 24 lines per page and contains parts of 1 Kings 20:7–17 and
1145: 1242: 1092: 853: 665: 757: 152: 1021: 1236: 122::11–27 (3 Kings xxi 7–17 and 4 Kings xxiii 11–27 according to Septuagint numbering). This palimpsest is written in 800: 743: 95: 1028: 156:) in following places: 1 Kings 20:13, 14; 2 Kings 23:12, 16, 21, 23, 25, 26, 27. The rendering of the letters 900:"Chronological List of Early Papyri and MSS for LXX/OG Study (plus the same MSS in Canonical Order appended)" 680: 229: 715: 676: 223: 147: 1186: 979: 1295: 945: 937: 883: 827: 176: 73:'s translation of the Hebrew bible from the 6th century, overwritten by some liturgical poems of 914: 1287: 1200: 1190: 1130: 1109: 1103: 1088: 1082: 1045: 1006: 1000: 985: 964: 958: 849: 843: 763: 753: 723: 694: 661: 91: 1124: 657:
The Complete Guide to Bible Translation: Bible Translation Choices and Translation Principles
655: 1279: 1182: 1037: 929: 875: 819: 788: 70: 31: 899: 1212: 895: 863: 735: 706: 74: 747: 1172: 143: 66: 1253: 1311: 1222: 1217: 1126:
The Greek Minor Prophets Scroll from Nahal Hever (8HevXIIgr): The Seiyal Collection I
949: 839: 172:
rendering of the genitive case of Κύριος which is unique in the Genizah manuscripts.
127: 187:
The upper text is a liturgical work of Yannai written in Hebrew. This work contains
87: 1105:
Scribal Practices and Approaches Reflected in the Texts Found in the Judean Desert
204:
This fragment is currently stored in the University of Cambridge Digital Library.
1176: 915:"Aquila's Bible Translation in Late Antiquity: Jewish and Christian Perspectives" 358: 356: 354: 352: 123: 1022:"Lifting the cloak of invisibility: Identifying the Jews of late antique Egypt" 933: 119: 62: 23: 1291: 1204: 792: 47:
Taylor-Schechter 12.184 + Taylor-Schechter 20.50 = Taylor-Schlechter 2.89.326
1231:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 849–894. 1041: 777:"The Religious Provenance of the Aquila Manuscripts from the Cairo Genizah" 767: 1158: 960:
The Septuagint in Context: Introduction to the Greek Version of the Bible
213: 27: 1030:
Religious Identifications in Late Antique Papyri: 3rd—12th Century Egypt
941: 1299: 1084:
The History of the Jewish People in the Age of Jesus Christ: Volume 3.i
887: 831: 218: 131: 749:
Fragments of the Books of Kings According to the Translation of Aquila
100:
Fragments of the Books of Kings According to the Translation of Aquila
804: 90:
in Egypt and these palimpsest fragments were brought to Cambridge by
1283: 879: 823: 845:
The Earliest Christian Artifacts: Manuscripts and Christian Origins
776: 362: 18: 1067: 957:
Marcos, Natalio Fernández (2001-11-06). Watson, Wilfred (ed.).
1144:
Toy, Crawford Howell; Burkitt, F. C.; Ginzberg, Louis (1909).
1216: 714:
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia (16 August 2024).
489: 487: 324: 322: 320: 318: 316: 314: 981:
Studies on Greek and Coptic Majuscule Scripts and Books
675:
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia (2011-09-22).
450: 448: 446: 1270:
Cohn, Leopold (April 1899). "Mr. Burkitt's "Aquila"".
1129:. Discoveries in the Judaean desert. Clarendon Press. 1108:. Studies on the Texts of the Desert of Judah. Brill. 301: 299: 1081:
Schürer, Emil; Vermes, Geza; Millar, Fergus (2014).
397: 395: 425: 339: 337: 963:. Biblical Studies and Religious Studies. BRILL. 1027:. In Brand, Mattias; Scheerlinck, Eline (eds.). 874:(4). University of Pennsylvania Press: 326–332. 818:(1). The Society of Biblical Literature: 63–83. 413: 565: 984:. Studies in Manuscript Cultures. De Gruyter. 1020:Papaconstantinou, Arietta (16 October 2022). 8: 1123:Tov, E.; Kraft, R.A.; Parsons, P.J. (1990). 517: 1252:University of Cambridge Digital Library. 1187:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195112405.001.0001 637: 625: 613: 601: 466: 328: 248: 589: 305: 1254:"Palimpsest; Bible; piyyuṭ (T-S 20.50)" 577: 553: 541: 529: 493: 454: 374: 363:University of Cambridge Digital Library 290: 283: 241: 98:(this is where the name comes from) in 86:A lot of manuscripts were found in the 16:6th-cent. Aquila Greek bible palimpsest 1234: 1178:The First Edition of the New Testament 731: 721: 702: 692: 505: 478: 437: 386: 264: 1181:. New York: Oxford University Press. 1036:. London: Routledge. pp. 69–91. 1002:Introduction to the Interlinear Bible 805:"The Tetragram and the New Testament" 343: 7: 401: 14: 426:Schürer, Vermes & Millar 2014 1323:6th-century biblical manuscripts 1318:5th-century biblical manuscripts 1068:"Trismegistos 62108 = LDAB 3268" 913:Labendz, Jenny R. (2009-07-01). 151: 752:. Cambridge: University Press. 267:, p. 856) says 2 Kings 23: 138:Tetragrammaton and nomina sacra 848:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. 812:Journal of Biblical Literature 660:. Christian Publishing House. 1: 1256:. Cambridge University Press. 1241:: CS1 maint: date and year ( 566:Tov, Kraft & Parsons 1990 65:containing a portion of the 1272:The Jewish Quarterly Review 868:The Jewish Quarterly Review 654:Andrews, Edward D. (2016). 1339: 922:Harvard Theological Review 718:. Encyclopedia Britannica. 251:, p. 3) says 1 Kings 978:Orsini, Pasquale (2018). 934:10.1017/S0017816009000832 781:Journal of Jewish Studies 775:Gallagher, Edmon (2013). 744:Burkitt, Francis Crawford 96:Francis Crawford Burkitt 1228:Encyclopædia Britannica 1042:10.4324/9781003287872-5 681:Encyclopedia Britannica 1159:"TM 62108 / LDAB 3268" 793:10.18647/3141/JJS-2013 230:Septuagint manuscripts 226:the oldest manuscripts 94:. Aq was published by 43:Trismegistos nr: 62108 34: 1278:(3). JSTOR: 520–525. 414:Papaconstantinou 2022 61:) are fragments of a 22: 999:Ortlepp, S. (2010). 604:, pp. 3, 20–26. 182: 113: 28:Second book of Kings 1150:Jewish Encyclopedia 224:Papyrus Rylands 458 148:paleo-Hebrew script 734:has generic name ( 705:has generic name ( 177:Edmon L. Gallagher 126:language, in bold 35: 1237:cite encyclopedia 1196:978-0-195-11240-5 1146:"AQUILA (Ακύλας)" 1136:978-0-19-826327-2 1115:978-90-474-1434-6 1087:. A&C Black. 1051:978-1-003-28787-2 1012:978-1-4452-7789-9 991:978-3-11-057559-0 970:978-03-91-04109-7 92:Solomon Schechter 1330: 1303: 1257: 1246: 1240: 1232: 1220: 1213:Turner, Cuthbert 1208: 1168: 1166: 1165: 1153: 1140: 1119: 1102:Tov, E. (2018). 1098: 1077: 1075: 1074: 1062: 1060: 1058: 1035: 1026: 1016: 995: 974: 953: 919: 909: 907: 906: 896:Kraft, Robert A. 891: 864:Jellicoe, Sidney 859: 835: 809: 796: 771: 739: 733: 729: 727: 719: 716:"Early versions" 710: 704: 700: 698: 690: 688: 687: 671: 641: 640:, p. 25-26. 635: 629: 628:, pp. 8–22. 623: 617: 611: 605: 599: 593: 587: 581: 575: 569: 563: 557: 551: 545: 539: 533: 527: 521: 515: 509: 503: 497: 491: 482: 476: 470: 464: 458: 452: 441: 435: 429: 423: 417: 411: 405: 399: 390: 384: 378: 372: 366: 360: 347: 341: 332: 326: 309: 303: 294: 288: 272: 262: 256: 246: 167: 155: 32:Aquila of Sinope 1338: 1337: 1333: 1332: 1331: 1329: 1328: 1327: 1308: 1307: 1306: 1284:10.2307/1450749 1269: 1265: 1263:Further reading 1260: 1251: 1233: 1211: 1197: 1173:Trobisch, David 1171: 1163: 1161: 1156: 1143: 1137: 1122: 1116: 1101: 1095: 1080: 1072: 1070: 1065: 1056: 1054: 1052: 1033: 1024: 1019: 1013: 998: 992: 977: 971: 956: 917: 912: 904: 902: 894: 880:10.2307/1453471 862: 856: 838: 824:10.2307/3265328 807: 799: 774: 760: 742: 730: 720: 713: 701: 691: 685: 683: 674: 668: 653: 649: 644: 636: 632: 624: 620: 612: 608: 600: 596: 588: 584: 576: 572: 564: 560: 552: 548: 540: 536: 528: 524: 518:Britannica 2011 516: 512: 504: 500: 492: 485: 477: 473: 465: 461: 453: 444: 436: 432: 424: 420: 412: 408: 400: 393: 385: 381: 373: 369: 361: 350: 342: 335: 327: 312: 304: 297: 289: 285: 281: 276: 275: 263: 259: 249:Gallagher (2013 247: 243: 238: 210: 202: 200:Actual location 185: 165: 140: 116: 108: 84: 17: 12: 11: 5: 1336: 1334: 1326: 1325: 1320: 1310: 1309: 1305: 1304: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1259: 1258: 1248: 1247: 1223:Chisholm, Hugh 1209: 1195: 1169: 1157:Trismegistos. 1154: 1141: 1135: 1120: 1114: 1099: 1093: 1078: 1063: 1050: 1017: 1011: 996: 990: 975: 969: 954: 928:(3): 353–388. 910: 898:(1999-07-12). 892: 860: 854: 840:Hurtado, Larry 836: 803:(March 1977). 801:Howard, George 797: 787:(2): 283–305. 772: 758: 740: 711: 672: 666: 650: 648: 645: 643: 642: 638:Gallagher 2013 630: 626:Gallagher 2013 618: 614:Gallagher 2013 606: 602:Gallagher 2013 594: 592:, p. 113. 582: 580:, p. 109. 570: 558: 546: 544:, p. 191. 534: 522: 510: 508:, p. 856. 498: 483: 481:, p. 113. 471: 467:Gallagher 2013 459: 442: 430: 428:, p. 497. 418: 406: 404:, p. 220. 391: 379: 377:, p. 353. 367: 348: 333: 329:Gallagher 2013 310: 295: 282: 280: 277: 274: 273: 257: 240: 239: 237: 234: 233: 232: 227: 221: 216: 209: 206: 201: 198: 184: 181: 146:is written in 144:tetragrammaton 139: 136: 128:uncial letters 115: 112: 107: 104: 83: 80: 67:Books of Kings 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1335: 1324: 1321: 1319: 1316: 1315: 1313: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1268: 1267: 1262: 1255: 1250: 1249: 1244: 1238: 1230: 1229: 1224: 1219: 1218:"Bible"  1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1179: 1174: 1170: 1160: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1142: 1138: 1132: 1128: 1127: 1121: 1117: 1111: 1107: 1106: 1100: 1096: 1094:9780567604521 1090: 1086: 1085: 1079: 1069: 1066:Papyri.info. 1064: 1053: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1032: 1031: 1023: 1018: 1014: 1008: 1004: 1003: 997: 993: 987: 983: 982: 976: 972: 966: 962: 961: 955: 951: 947: 943: 939: 935: 931: 927: 923: 916: 911: 901: 897: 893: 889: 885: 881: 877: 873: 869: 865: 861: 857: 855:9780802828958 851: 847: 846: 841: 837: 833: 829: 825: 821: 817: 813: 806: 802: 798: 794: 790: 786: 782: 778: 773: 769: 765: 761: 755: 751: 750: 745: 741: 737: 725: 717: 712: 708: 696: 682: 678: 673: 669: 667:9780692728710 663: 659: 658: 652: 651: 646: 639: 634: 631: 627: 622: 619: 616:, p. 11. 615: 610: 607: 603: 598: 595: 591: 590:Trobisch 2000 586: 583: 579: 574: 571: 568:, p. 13. 567: 562: 559: 556:, p. 15. 555: 550: 547: 543: 538: 535: 532:, p. 23. 531: 526: 523: 519: 514: 511: 507: 502: 499: 496:, p. 10. 495: 490: 488: 484: 480: 475: 472: 468: 463: 460: 456: 451: 449: 447: 443: 440:, p. 73. 439: 434: 431: 427: 422: 419: 416:, p. 85. 415: 410: 407: 403: 398: 396: 392: 388: 383: 380: 376: 371: 368: 364: 359: 357: 355: 353: 349: 345: 340: 338: 334: 330: 325: 323: 321: 319: 317: 315: 311: 307: 302: 300: 296: 292: 287: 284: 278: 270: 266: 261: 258: 254: 250: 245: 242: 235: 231: 228: 225: 222: 220: 217: 215: 212: 211: 207: 205: 199: 197: 194: 190: 183:Yannai's text 180: 178: 173: 171: 163: 159: 154: 149: 145: 137: 135: 134:manuscripts. 133: 129: 125: 121: 114:Aquila's text 111: 105: 103: 101: 97: 93: 89: 81: 79: 76: 72: 68: 64: 60: 56: 52: 48: 44: 40: 33: 29: 25: 21: 1275: 1271: 1226: 1177: 1162:. Retrieved 1149: 1125: 1104: 1083: 1071:. Retrieved 1055:. Retrieved 1029: 1001: 980: 959: 925: 921: 903:. Retrieved 871: 867: 844: 815: 811: 784: 780: 748: 732:|first= 703:|first= 684:. Retrieved 656: 633: 621: 609: 597: 585: 578:Hurtado 2006 573: 561: 554:Burkitt 1897 549: 542:Ortlepp 2010 537: 530:Andrews 2016 525: 513: 501: 494:Burkitt 1897 474: 469:, p. 2. 462: 457:, p. 9. 455:Burkitt 1897 433: 421: 409: 382: 375:Labendz 2009 370: 331:, p. 3. 306:Trismegistos 286: 268: 265:Turner (1911 260: 252: 244: 203: 192: 188: 186: 174: 170:nomen sacrum 169: 161: 157: 150:characters ( 141: 117: 109: 99: 88:Cairo Geniza 85: 58: 54: 50: 46: 42: 38: 36: 1057:21 November 506:Turner 1911 479:Marcos 2001 438:Howard 1977 387:Orsini 2018 291:Papyri.info 124:koine Greek 106:Description 1312:Categories 1164:2021-01-28 1073:2021-01-28 1005:. Author. 905:2021-01-28 759:1117070484 686:2021-01-23 647:References 344:Kraft 1999 132:hexaplaric 120:2 Kings 23 63:palimpsest 24:Palimpsest 1292:0021-6682 1205:827708997 950:162547482 279:Citations 59:LDAB 3268 1215:(1911). 1175:(2000). 942:40390021 842:(2006). 746:(1897). 724:cite web 695:cite web 677:"Aquila" 402:Tov 2018 214:AqTaylor 208:See also 1300:1450749 1225:(ed.). 888:1453471 832:3265328 768:5222981 219:Hexapla 193:Qerobot 189:Qerovot 82:History 41:(also: 26:of the 1298:  1290:  1203:  1193:  1133:  1112:  1091:  1048:  1009:  988:  967:  948:  940:  886:  852:  830:  766:  756:  664:  168:, the 71:Aquila 1296:JSTOR 1221:. In 1034:(PDF) 1025:(PDF) 946:S2CID 938:JSTOR 918:(PDF) 884:JSTOR 828:JSTOR 808:(PDF) 255::7-17 236:Notes 75:Yanai 69:from 51:vh074 1288:ISSN 1243:link 1201:OCLC 1191:ISBN 1131:ISBN 1110:ISBN 1089:ISBN 1059:2023 1046:ISBN 1007:ISBN 986:ISBN 965:ISBN 850:ISBN 764:OCLC 754:ISBN 736:help 707:help 662:ISBN 160:and 142:The 55:t050 37:The 1280:doi 1183:doi 1038:doi 930:doi 926:102 876:doi 820:doi 789:doi 271:-17 162:waw 158:yod 30:of 1314:: 1294:. 1286:. 1276:11 1274:. 1239:}} 1235:{{ 1199:. 1189:. 1148:. 1044:. 944:. 936:. 924:. 920:. 882:. 872:59 870:. 826:. 816:96 814:. 810:. 785:64 783:. 779:. 762:. 728:: 726:}} 722:{{ 699:: 697:}} 693:{{ 679:. 486:^ 445:^ 394:^ 351:^ 336:^ 313:^ 298:^ 269:12 253:21 166:κυ 57:, 53:, 49:, 45:, 39:Aq 1302:. 1282:: 1245:) 1207:. 1185:: 1167:. 1152:. 1139:. 1118:. 1097:. 1076:. 1061:. 1040:: 1015:. 994:. 973:. 952:. 932:: 908:. 890:. 878:: 858:. 834:. 822:: 795:. 791:: 770:. 738:) 709:) 689:. 670:. 520:. 389:. 365:. 346:. 308:. 293:. 191:/

Index


Palimpsest
Second book of Kings
Aquila of Sinope
palimpsest
Books of Kings
Aquila
Yanai
Cairo Geniza
Solomon Schechter
Francis Crawford Burkitt
2 Kings 23
koine Greek
uncial letters
hexaplaric
tetragrammaton
paleo-Hebrew script

Edmon L. Gallagher
AqTaylor
Hexapla
Papyrus Rylands 458
Septuagint manuscripts
Gallagher (2013
Turner (1911
Papyri.info


Trismegistos

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