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practices (Komives and Junge 2015). In reality, historically, fish were rarely actively added to rice paddy fields until the nineteenth century (Halwart and Gupta 2004) and were present in very low densities which would not contribute to any substantial nutritive assistance to the plants. Chinampas were traditionally built on lakes in Mexico where nutrient advantages may have been supplied via the eutrophic or semi-eutrophic lake sediments rather than directly from any designed or actively integrated fish production system (Morehart 2016; Baquedano 1993).
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Lethbridge
College's Aquaculture Centre of Excellence (ACE) conducted extensive research. They found rapid root growth in aquaponics systems and effective methods for closing the solid-waste loop. They also discovered that these systems could efficiently operate at low pH levels, which benefits plant growth but is typically unfavorable for fish. This research led to the creation of the first fully automated zero-waste aquaponics system, enhancing sustainability and efficiency in aquaponics operations.
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ppm) as the nitrosomonas and nitrobacter bacteria have yet to establish populations within the system. Nitrate levels peak later in the startup phase as the system completes nitrogen cycles and maintains a healthy biofilter and these bacteria grow into a mature colony. with nitrate levels peaking later in the startup phase. In the nitrification process ammonia is oxidized into nitrite, which releases hydrogen ions into the water. Over time, the water's pH will slowly drop, non-
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rendered complex due to diverse site conditions, climatic variations, and fluctuating market prices. Energy expenses constitute a significant factor and exhibit considerable variation across countries, thereby complicating assessments of profitability. Some researchers propose that aquaponics achieves financial equilibrium after a span of two years, whereas others contend that profitability should be gauged on a per square meter basis.
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1059:. This system, which integrates aquaculture with sand-based grow beds, represents one of the earliest instances of a closed-loop aquaponic system. McMurtry's research and findings confirmed much of the foundational science underlying aquaponics, demonstrating that the system operates effectively. The evolution of the âflood and drain systemsâ adopted in backyard aquaponics comes back to the pioneering work of Mark McMurtry.
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1629:, but only in small quantities to minimize spill over fish's water.. Commercialization of aquaponics is often stalled by bottlenecks in pest and disease management. The use of chemical control methods is highly complicated for all systems. While insecticides and herbicides are replaceable by wellâestablished commercial biocontrol measures,
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There are various modular systems made for the public that utilize aquaponic systems to produce organic vegetables and herbs, and provide indoor decor at the same time. These systems can serve as a source of herbs and vegetables indoors. Universities are promoting research on these modular systems as
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Multiple age groups of fish share a rearing tank, and when an age group reaches market size they are selectively harvested and replaced with the same amount of fingerlings. Downsides to this method include stressing out the entire pool of fish during each harvest, missing fish resulting in a waste of
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In order for aquaponic systems to be financially successful and make a profit whilst also covering its operating expenses, the hydroponic plant components and fish rearing components need to almost constantly be at maximum production capacity. To keep the bio-mass of fish in the system at its maximum
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Healthy plant growth relies on diverse organic compounds in the root environment, produced by microbial decomposition. These include vitamins, hormones, and enzymes, essential for growth, yield, flavor, and pathogen resistance. Organic matter like humic acid helps make micronutrients available. While
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In 1977, German scientist Ludwig C.A. Naegel contributed to the field of aquaponics with his publication 'Combined
Production of Fish and Plants in Recirculating Water.' The work presented experiments on the co-cultivation of tilapia and tomatoes, showcasing the practicality of a recirculating system
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By utilizing gravel or sand as plant supporting medium, solids are captured and the medium has enough surface area for fixed-film nitrification. The ability to combine biofiltration and hydroponics allows for aquaponic system, in many cases, to eliminate the need for an expensive, separate biofilter.
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The deep water culture system is comprised of substantial troughs containing perforated floating rafts, into which net plant pots are placed. Within the system, these plant pots are typically filled with media, such as rockwool, coco, or pumice, that serve to support the roots, which are subsequently
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The existing body of research pertaining to aquaponic systems and their economic sustainability remains considerably less extensive when compared with that of conventional hydroponic systems. Based on the research currently available, the economic viability of aquaponic enterprises must be evaluated
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Aquaponics offers a diverse and stable polyculture system that allows farmers to grow vegetables and raise fish at the same time. By having two sources of profit, farmers can continue to earn money even if the market for either fish or plants goes through a low cycle. The flexibility of an aquaponic
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levels range from 0.25 to .50 ppm; nitrite levels range from 0.0 to 0.25 ppm, and nitrate levels range from 5 to 150 ppm. During system startup, systems take several weeks to begin the nitrification process. As a result, spikes may occur in the levels of ammonia (up to 6.0 ppm) and nitrite (up to 15
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on all solid surfaces throughout the system that are in constant contact with the water. The submerged roots of the vegetables combined have a large surface area where many bacteria can accumulate. Together with the concentrations of ammonia and nitrites in the water, the surface area determines the
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Plants are grown in hydroponics systems, with their roots immersed in the nutrient-rich effluent water. This enables them to filter out the ammonia that is toxic to the aquatic animals, or its metabolites. After the water has passed through the hydroponic subsystem, it is cleaned and oxygenated, and
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Research concerning aquaponics has focused mainly on technical facets, with a limited number of studies addressing its economic viability, particularly in commercial contexts. While aquaponics is generally deemed profitable and sustainable, the calculation of costs and the comparison of systems are
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can be a beneficial component in certain aquaponic designs. In systems such as
Integrated Aqua-Vegeculture System, algae are intentionally cultivated in the surface layer of the biofilter. In these systems, algae act as a nutrient sink, absorbing excess nutrients, which helps maintain optimal water
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Definitions of "aquaponics" vary. Some experts limit it to plant cultivation using hydroponics, while others have a broader interpretation. The suffix "ponics" in hydroponics and aquaponics comes from the Greek word "ponos," meaning "work." Therefore, "aquaponics" can be translated to "water work,"
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In the 1970s and 1980s, aquaponics was described by various terms such as "combined fish and vegetable production in greenhouses" or "combined production of fish and plants in recirculating water." The term "aquaponics" became more widely used after the
Aquaponics Journal began publication in 1997,
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began experimenting with media beds in aquaponics. Initially, the system utilized a gravel bed for plant growth, alongside a conical filter settling tank to collect larger solid waste, and a separate tank for housing the fish. In 1986, they started to test the use of floating rafts constructed from
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Aquaponics has been said to have evolved from relatively ancient agriculture practices associated with integrating fish culture with plant production, especially those developed within the South East Asian, flooded rice paddy farming context and South
American Chinampa, floating island, agriculture
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The size, complexity, and types of foods grown in an aquaponic system can vary as much as any system found in either distinct farming discipline. The main fish grown in aquaponics are tilapia, koi, goldfish, carp, catfish, barramundi, and different types of ornamental fish. The main plants produced
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Other non-system-based barriers to the economic success of aquaponic systems could include that these systems require a high degree of knowledge in multiple disciplines, a lack of financing opportunities for aquaponics, and the fact that the general public doesn't understand what aquaponics is. An
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Other institutes focused their research on systems known as "ebb and flow," or "flood and drain" systems. These systems utilize coarse media like gravel or expanded clay, with bell siphons facilitating the irrigation cycle These systems are sometimes referred to as "Speraneo
Systems," as they were
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and built a prototype replica of the Aztec's aquaponic system (with some modifications) to provide shelter, vegetables, and fish throughout the year. In 1984, Ronald Zweig of the New
Alchemy Institute developed a system he called the 'hydroponic aquaculture pond,' also referred to as a 'hydroponic
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In 1965, Sengbusch and his colleagues were the first to attempt raising common carp, a type of fish, in tanks with a system that recirculated water and used activated sludge to treat the water. A few years later, in 1971, Scherb and Braun provided more detailed studies on using a similar system to
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Generally, aquaponics systems are classified into three types, namely media-based bed, floating raft, and nutrient film technique. Among them, the media-based system is believed to be more efficient in the utilization of nitrogen since it provides more volume-to-surface area ratio for the microbes
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Many have tried to create automatic control and monitoring systems and some of these demonstrated a level of success. For instance, researchers were able to introduce automation in a small scale aquaponic system to achieve a cost-effective and sustainable farming system. Commercial development of
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Aquaponics consists of two main parts, with the aquaculture part for raising aquatic animals and the hydroponics part for growing plants. Although consisting primarily of these two parts, aquaponics systems are usually grouped into several components or subsystems depending on the type of system.
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system consists of large troughs with perforated floating rafts, where net plant pots are inserted. In the deep water culture system, these plant pots are generally filled with media, such as rockwool, coco or pumice that support the roots, which are then continually submerged in the water tank.
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For environmentally conscious consumers, aquaponic products are appealing because they are organic and pesticide-free, and the systems have a relatively small environmental footprint. Aquaponic systems are also economically efficient due to their low water usage, effective nutrient cycling, and
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Large quantities of fingerlings are stocked at once and then split into two groups once the tank hits maximum capacity, which is easier to record and eliminates fish being "forgotten". A stress-free way of doing this operation is via "swimways" that connect various rearing tanks and a series of
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Such systems usually have 2â4 tanks that share a filtration system, and when the largest tank is harvested, the other fish groups are moved up into a bigger tank whilst a new batch is started in the smallest tank. It is also common for there to be several rearing tanks yet no ways to move fish
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As in most aquaculture based systems, stock feed often consists of fish meal derived from lower-value species. Ongoing depletion of wild fish stocks makes this practice unsustainable. Organic fish feeds may prove to be a viable alternative that relieves this concern. Other alternatives include
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may be added to replace grown fish that are taken out from the system to retain a stable system. In terms of outputs, an aquaponics system may continually yield plants such as vegetables grown in hydroponics, and edible aquatic species raised in an aquaculture. Typical build ratios are .5 to 1
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began with a small system integrated into aquaculture research at a station in
Lethbridge, Alberta. In the 1990s, commercial aquaponics setups increased, focusing on high-value crops like trout and lettuce. A key development occurred in Brooks, Alberta, where Dr. Nick Savidov and his team from
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Fish, plants and microbes are three main components of aquaponics, and microbes play the bridge role of converting fish waste to plant nutrients. The three major types of modern aquaponic designs are deep-water or "raft", nutrient film technology, and media-based bed or reciprocating systems.
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with minimal fluctuations in nutrient and oxygen levels. Plants absorb dissolved nutrients from the circulating water, which reduces the need for water discharge and minimizes the water exchange rate. Some authors have reported 90% less water usage through aquaponics compared to conventional
1523:, overflow from rainfall, and removal of solid wastes. Consequently, aquaponics uses about 2% of the water required by conventional irrigation methods for the same vegetable production. This efficiency allows for the cultivation of crops and fish in areas with limited water or fertile land.
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Since plants at different growth stages require different amounts of minerals and nutrients, plant harvesting is staggered with seedlings growing at the same time as mature plants. This ensures stable nutrient content in the water because of continuous symbiotic cleansing of toxins from the
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are still relevant in aquaponics. Monitoring and cultural control are the first approaches to contain pest population. Biological controls, in general, are adaptable to a larger extent. Nonâchemical prophylactic measures are highly proficient for pest and disease prevention in all designs.
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in a system considered by some to be an early form of aquaponics for agricultural use, where plants were raised on stationary (or sometime movable) islands in lake shallows and waste materials dredged from the
Chinampa canals and surrounding cities were used to manually irrigate the
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Prior to the technological advances of the 1980s, most attempts to integrate hydroponics and aquaculture had limited success. Many of the modern developments and discoveries of aquaponics are generally attributed to the New
Alchemy Institute and North Carolina State University.
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Watten and Busch contributed to the understanding of nutrient dynamics in aquaponic systems. Their studies on the integration of vascular plants into recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) demonstrated how plants could effectively extract excess nutrients from the water.
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Algae can release substances that can be harmful to fish, other microorganisms, and plants. For example, blue-green algae, also known as cyanobacteria, can produce toxins that directly threaten the health of fish, and their physical presence can damage the gills of fish.
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A media-based grow bed is a hydroponic system type that utilizes a trough filled with an inert material to assist plant roots and accommodate beneficial microbes. Water is usually delivered in a flooding and draining cycle, delivering nutrients and oxygen to the plants.
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In the development of biofiltration techniques within aquaponics, Muir, Paller, and Lewis introduced reciprocating biofilters (RBFs). These biofilters enhanced the efficiency of nutrient uptake by plants and reduced the accumulation of harmful metabolites in the water.
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Aquatic effluents, resulting from uneaten feed or raising animals like fish, accumulate in water due to the closed-system recirculation of most aquaculture systems. The effluent-rich water becomes toxic to the aquatic animal in high concentrations but this contains
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Additional research shows the support that aquaponic systems can use 14% less fertilizer than hydroponic systems. Despite this reduction, a grower should determine if the cost of maintaining aquaculture is cheaper than the use of extra fertilizer in hydroponics.
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An integrated system of aquaculture and agriculture where fish are grown in rice paddies has been employed in the North Kerian area of Perak in Peninsular Malaysia since the 1930's. Several rice-fish systems are also reported to have a long history in Indonesia.
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if insufficient quantities are naturally present in the water to provide a buffer against acidification. In addition, selected minerals or nutrients such as iron can be added in addition to the fish waste that serves as the main source of nutrients to plants.
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speed with which nitrification takes place. Care for these bacterial colonies is important as to regulate the full assimilation of ammonia and nitrite. This is why most aquaponics systems include a biofiltering unit, which helps facilitate growth of these
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Plants grown in aquaponic systems might have higher resistance to diseases compared to those grown in traditional hydroponic systems. This environment supports a diverse range of microorganisms, some of which may help protect plant roots from pathogens.
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Aquaponic gardeners from all around the world are gathering in online community sites and forums to share their experiences and promote the development of this form of gardening, as well as creating extensive resources on how to build home systems.
1658:. This makes it possible to closely manage important factors like nutrient levels, water usage, and lighting. Automating these processes not only makes aquaponics more efficient but can also lead to better crop yields and smarter use of resources..
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of grow space for every 1 U.S. gal (3.8 L) of aquaculture water in the system. 1 U.S. gal (3.8 L) of water can support between .5 lb (0.23 kg) and 1 lb (0.45 kg) of fish stock depending on
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raise rainbow trout. At the South Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station in Clemson, researchers Loyacano and Grosvenor (1973) tried to clean fish ponds with channel catfish by using water chestnut plants to absorb the extra nutrients.
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Recently, aquaponics has been moving towards indoor production systems. In cities like Chicago, entrepreneurs are utilizing vertical designs to grow food year round. These systems can be used to grow food year round with minimal to no
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or contaminated water and require only a small amount of water. Additionally, aquaponic systems are typically free from weeds, pests, and soil-borne diseases, which allows for the consistent and rapid production of high-quality crops.
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A good way to deal with solids buildup in aquaponics is the use of worms, which liquefy the solid organic matter so that it can be utilized by the plants and/or other animals in the system. For a worm-only growing method, please see
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The media-based grow bed is a hydroponic trough filled with inert substrate serving as root support and microbial substrate. The water is commonly supplied in an ebb and flow pattern, ensuring sequential nutrition and aeration.
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youth job opportunities and training while growing food for their community. The model has spawned several satellite projects in other cities, such as New Orleans where the Vietnamese fisherman community has suffered from the
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Aquaponic systems are designed to recirculate and reuse water efficiently, rather than discharging or exchanging it under normal operation. This system relies on the interaction between animals and plants to maintain a stable
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to enhance food production and storage life, though the country lacks oversight on safe levels of chemicals in foods for human consumption. To combat this issue, a team led by M.A. Salam at the Department of Aquaculture of
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quality and reduces the risk of nutrient imbalances. However, not all aquaponic systems utilize algae in this way; in other types of systems, algae in the fish tank are considered a nuisance that needs to be controlled.
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Goddek, S., Delaide, B., Mankasingh, U., Ragnarsdottir, K., Jijakli, H., & Thorarinsdottir, R. (2015). Challenges of Sustainable and Commercial Aquaponics. Sustainability, 7(4), 4199â4224. MDPI AG. Retrieved from
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Floating aquaponics systems on polycultural fish ponds were installed in China in 2009. They are used to grow rice, wheat and canna lily and other crops, with some installations exceeding 2.5 acres (10,000 m).
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sources and minimizing the number of pumps by utilizing gravity for water flow, can make the system more energy-efficient. Despite careful design, aquaponic systems can have critical points where failures, such as
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system allows it to grow a large variety of crops including ordinary vegetables, herbs, flowers and aquatic plants to cater to a broad spectrum of consumers. Some profitable plants for aquaponic systems include
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solar pond.' This system integrated a floating hydroponic component within the institute's existing solar pond these floating raft systems are the foundation for what became later known as deep water culture.
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Aquaponic systems rely on a symbiotic relationship between three main live components: plants, fish (or other aquatic animals), and bacteria. Some systems also include additional live components like worms.
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named after Tom and Paula Speraneo, who created and sold an instructional manual in the 1990s and adopted the North Carolina State University system to invent a full-size commercial-scale solar greenhouse.
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on an individual basis. Numerous variablesâincluding system design, seasonal climatic conditions, and local energy or land costsâplay a pivotal role in determining the profitability of aquaponic ventures.
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A mediaâbased system is believed to be more efficient in the utilization of nitrogen since it provides more volumeâtoâsurface area ratio for the microbes than Deep-water raft or Nutrient film technique.
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created an initiative to start aquaponics systems at home, called the aquaponic machine, with revenue generated by selling produce to tourists in an effort to reduce growing dependence on imported food.
1124:'s organic agriculture certification scheme because it uses hydroponics. However, other forms of aquaponics that involve soil-based organic food production could potentially be certified as organic.
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The Smith Road facility in Denver started an aquaponics program to feed 800 to 1,000 inmates at the Denver Jail, and a neighboring downtown facility which consists of 1,500 inmates and 700 officers.
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has created plans for a low-cost aquaponics system to provide organic produce and fish for people living in adverse climatic conditions such as the salinity-prone southern area and the flood-prone
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1542:. The nutrient-rich overflow water can be collected in catchment tanks and reused to boost the growth of soil-planted crops or pumped back into the aquaponic system to maintain water levels.
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Depending on the sophistication and cost of the aquaponics system, the units for solids removal, biofiltration, and/or the hydroponics subsystem may be combined into one unit or subsystem.
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One of the limitations of aquaponics development is the lack of commercially viable financial feasibility, considering that private companies do not share their studies with the public.
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in combination with fish, are cited as examples of early aquaponics systems, although the technology had been brought by Chinese settlers who had migrated from Yunnan around 5 AD. These
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Baganz, Gösta F. M.; Junge, Ranka; Portella, Maria C.; Goddek, Simon; Keesman, Karel J.; Baganz, Daniela; Staaks, Georg; Shaw, Christopher; Lohrberg, Frank; Kloas, Werner (2021-07-26).
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between them, which eliminates the labor of moving fish and allows each tank to be undisturbed during harvesting, even if the space usage is inefficient when the fish are fingerlings.
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farm in the United States also includes an automated technology. The aquaponic machine has made notable strides in the documenting and gathering of information regarding aquaponics.
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Aquaponic systems use various amounts of artificial energy, technology, and environmental controls to maintain water recirculation and temperature. However, designing a system with
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typically demands 5,000 to 20,000 liters of water. Semi-intensive and extensive conventional aquaculture requires 2,500 to 375,000 liters for the same amount of fish. In contrast,
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Ideally the bio-mass of fish in the rearing tanks doesn't exceed 0.5 lbs/gallon, in order to reduce stress from crowding, efficiently feed the fish, and promote healthy growth.
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aquaponics business may require additional branding strategies compared to hydroponics, which is a technology that is relatively well known at this point in the United States.
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Balarin and Haller conducted studies on the thermal dynamics of aquaponic systems, examining the effects of varying water temperatures on the growth rates of fish and plants.
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Volunteer operation in Nicaragua "Amigos for Christ" manages its plantation for feeding 900+ poverty-stricken school children by using nutrients from aquaponic methods.
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Tomita-Yokotani, K.; Anilir, S.; Katayama, N.; Hashimoto, H.; Yamashita, M. (2009). "Space agriculture for habitation on mars and sustainable civilization on earth".
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paddy", respectively. The agricultural work also references earlier Chinese texts, which indicated that floating raft rice cultivation was being used as early as the
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Richard E. Thompson. (2015). Commercial aquaponics production and profitability: Findings from an international survey. Aquaculture, Volume 435, 2015, Pages 67-74,
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automation technologies has also emerged. For instance, a company has developed a system capable of automating the repetitive tasks of farming and features a
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algorithm that can automatically detect and eliminate diseased or underdeveloped plants. A 3.75-acre aquaponics facility that claims to be the first indoor
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that supports both fish and plant production. This research is among the efforts by a global community of researchers to develop modern aquaponics systems.
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The five main inputs to the system are water, oxygen, light, feed given to the aquatic animals, and electricity to pump, filter, and oxygenate the water.
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Okomoda, Victor Tosin; Oladimeji, Sunday Abraham; Solomon, Shola Gabriel; Olufeagba, Samuel Olabode; Ogah, Samuel Ijabo; Ikhwanuddin, Mhd (March 2023).
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include lettuce, pak choi, kale, basil, mint, watercress, tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers, beans, peas, squash, broccoli, cauliflower, and cabbage.
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Ibrahim, Lubna A.; Shaghaleh, Hiba; El-Kassar, Gamal Mohamed; Abu-Hashim, Mohamed; Elsadek, Elsayed Ahmed; Alhaj Hamoud, Yousef (January 2023).
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3603:"Smart Aquaponics: development of intelligent management tools for aquaponic systems adapted to professionals, urban communities and education"
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A commercial aquaponics system. An electric pump moves nutrient-rich water from the fish tank through a solids filter to remove particles the
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polystyrene. By 1997, Rakocy's research had led to the adoption of deep water culture hydroponic grow beds in large-scale aquaponic systems.
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Fish and other aquatic animals are the primary consumers in an aquaponic system, providing a source of protein and nutrients for the plants.
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Bacteria play a crucial role in aquaponic systems, converting ammonia from fish waste into nitrate, a nutrient that can be used by plants.
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2884:"Tropical production of tilapia (Sarotherodon aurea) and tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) in a small-scale recirculating water system"
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consists of narrow channels of perforated squared pipes where the roots are partially immersed in a thin layer of streaming water.
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Rharrhour, Haytam; Wariaghli, Fatima; Goddek, Simon; Sadik, Mohamed; Moujtahid, Aziz El; Nhhala, Hassan; Yahyaoui, Ahmed (2022).
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medium. Plants can be spaced closer together because the roots do not need to expand outwards to support the weight of the plant.
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that provides fresh, locally grown, healthy food for socially and economically disadvantaged communities by using aquaponics,
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AlShrouf, A. (2017). Hydroponics, Aeroponic and Aquaponic as Compared with Conventional Farming. ARSJETS Journal , 27(1).
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Beneficial bacteria, such as Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter, are essential for maintaining a healthy and balanced ecosystem.
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Yavuzcan Yildiz, Hijran; Robaina, Lidia; Pirhonen, Juhani; Mente, Elena; DomĂnguez, David; Parisi, Giuliana (July 2017).
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In an aquaponics system, the bacteria responsible for the conversion of ammonia to usable nitrates for plants form a
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Clear definitions are important in discussions about eco-certification. Currently, aquaponics is not included in the
3332:"Important Water Quality Parameters in Aquaponics Systems | New Mexico State University - BE BOLD. Shape the Future"
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2310:"Aquaponics production system: A review of historical perspective, opportunities, and challenges of its adoption"
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has an aquaponics program that gives students the ability to obtain a certificate or an AAS degree in aquaponics.
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Plants are the primary producers in an aquaponic system, converting sunlight, carbon dioxide, and nutrients into
776:(cultivating plants in water) whereby the nutrient-rich aquaculture water is fed to hydroponically grown plants.
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3681:"Increasing the Economical Efficiency and Sustainability of Indoor Fish Farming by Means of Aquaponics - Review"
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Diagram of the University of the Virgin Islands commercial aquaponics system designed to yield 5 metric tons of
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2183:"Fish Welfare in Aquaponic Systems: Its Relation to Water Quality with an Emphasis on Feed and FaecesâA Review"
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An aquaponics system that uses downwards movement of water and greenhouse light to reduce energy consumption.
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1553:(RAS) are highly efficient, recycling 95% to 99% of water and using under 100 liters per kilogram of fish.
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1591:(without limiting fish growth), there are three main stocking method that can help maintain this maximum.
941:(ççŠèŸČæž) described floating wooden rafts which were piled with mud and dirt and which were used for growing
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In traditional aquaculture, regular water exchange is essential, unlike in aquaponics. Producing 1 kg of
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A Deep Water Culture hydroponics system where plant grow directly into the effluent rich water without a
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Balarin, J.; Haller, R. (1982-03-07). "The intensive culture of tilapia in tanks, raceways and cages".
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Rakocy, James E.; Shultz, R. Charlie; Bailey, Donald S.; Thoman, Eric S. (2004). M.A. Nichols (ed.).
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There has been a shift towards community integration of aquaponics, such as the nonprofit foundation
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949:, and fodder. Such floating planters were employed in regions constituting the modern provinces of
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3203:"Recirculating aquaculture tank production systems: Aquaponicsâintegrating fish and plant culture"
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Innovation of a BAU researcher: "Aquaponics technology" three times production without any cost (
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A variety of fish species can be used in aquaponic systems, including tilapia, goldfish, and koi.
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Zou, Yina; Hu, Zhen; Zhang, Jian; Xie, Huijun; Guimbaud, Christophe; Fang, Yingke (2016-06-01).
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Today's technology has greatly improved aquaponic systems. With the use of advanced sensors and
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with an aquaponics system that feeds the same fish grown on the system, excess worms grown from
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The portion of the system where plants are grown by absorbing excess nutrients from the water.
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then provides nutrients for the plants and is cleansed before returning to the fish tank below.
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869:(ççŠèŸČæž) showing rice grown in a floating raft planter system (æ¶ç°, lit "framed paddy") in a pond
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3240:"Aquaponic production of tilapia and basil: Comparing a batch and staggered cropping system"
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Folorunso, Ewumi Azeez; Roy, Koushik; Gebauer, Radek; BohatĂĄ, Andrea; Mraz, Jan (2020).
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2384: This article incorporates text from this source, which is available under the
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2229: This article incorporates text from this source, which is available under the
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inorganic nutrients are vital, plants need organic metabolites for optimal development.
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although other terms like "integrated fish/vegetable co-culture system" were also used.
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3487:"Residential Onsite Wastewater Treatment: Constructed Wetlands for Effluent Treatment"
2883:
2107:"Aquaponics: A Sustainable Path to Food Sovereignty and Enhanced Water Use Efficiency"
1366:
Bacteria help to purify the water by removing excess ammonia and other waste products.
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Aquaponics has ancient roots, although there is some debate on its first occurrence.
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2252:. Special Issue on Challenges in Environmental Science and Engineering (CESE-2015).
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3307:"Nitrification and Maintenance in Media Bed Aquaponics - Oklahoma State University"
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Plant placed into a nutrient rich water channel in a nutrient film technique system
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food/space, and the difficulty of keeping accurate records with frequent harvests.
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Water is added to the system only to replace losses due to plant absorption and
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Fish help to fertilize the plants by producing 'waste' that is rich in nutrients
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Plants help to purify the water by removing excess nutrients and waste products.
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3545:"Integrated pest and disease management in aquaponics: A metadata-based review"
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2703:. International Center for Aquaculture and Aquatic Environments. Archived from
2017:
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minimal land requirements. These systems can be established in areas with poor
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to continue aquaponic research and the implementation of aquaponic practices.
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2423:
Goddek, Simon; Joyce, Alyssa; Kotzen, Benz; Burnell, Gavin M., eds. (2019).
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Rakocy, James E.; Masser, Michael P.; Losordo, Thomas M. (November 2006).
2983:"Aquaponics: A Brief History of This Integrated Fish & Veggies System"
2495:
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3846:àŠŹàŠŸàŠà§àŠŹàŠż àŠàŠŹà§àŠ·àŠà§àŠ° àŠàŠŠà§àŠàŠŸàŠŹàŠš 'àŠàŠà§àŠŻàŠŒàŠŸàŠȘàŠšàŠżàŠà§àŠž àŠȘà§àŠ°àŠŻà§àŠà§àŠ€àŠż' àŠàŠ°àŠ àŠàŠŸàŠĄàŠŒàŠŸàŠ àŠà§àŠȘàŠŸàŠŠàŠš àŠ€àŠżàŠš àŠà§àŠŁ
3582:
Menon, Rashmi; Sahana, G.V.; Shruthi, V. "Small Scale Aquaponic System".
1952:
1813:
In March 2018, the European Aquaponics Association was established among
1626:
1465:
1205:
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911:
902:
and the whole of Southeast Asia, where rice was cultivated and farmed in
891:
765:
460:
17:
4025:
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2209:
2151:"Update on Tilapia and Vegetable Production in the UVI Aquaponic System"
27:
System combining aquaculture with hydroponics in a symbiotic environment
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7656:
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4722:
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3610:
3087:"Construction of Automatic Bell Siphons for Backyard Aquaponic Systems"
2375:
2079:
1777: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1684:
1413:
1401:
1324:
1253:
1213:
1209:
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1007:
950:
309:
255:
3816:[Fish & vegetable culture through aquaponics technology].
3560:
2325:
2123:
2069:
2052:
1259:
A wide variety of plants can be grown in aquaponic systems, including
1117:
though this may not fully describe the system's function and purpose.
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7379:
7374:
6790:
5683:
5608:
5580:
5157:
5132:
4700:
4626:
4294:
4284:
2246:"Effects of pH on nitrogen transformations in media-based aquaponics"
2199:
2182:
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1667:
1539:
1418:
1137:
1085:
958:
208:
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5223:
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1863:
An aquaponic gardening system is developed for use on rooftops in
1688:
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1318:
1305:
1297:
1285:
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1131:
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Early Beginnings: Aztecs and Chinese (6th century - 13th century)
7396:
7011:
5167:
4608:
4396:
3584:
International Journal of Agriculture and Food Science Technology
3305:
Deer, Che; Hu, Bizhen; Dunn, Bruce; Dusci, Joshua (2021-10-15).
1860:
for micro-production goals at the community and personal levels.
1853:
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190:
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4210:
3249:(648). International Society for Horticultural Science: 63â69.
2788:"Combined production of fish and plants in recirculating water"
1375:
While often regarded as a nuisance in traditional aquaculture,
7324:
5663:
5618:
4206:
3085:
Fox, Bradley K.; Howerton, Robert; Tamaru, Clyde (June 2010).
2584:
1746:
1485:
composting, using prepared kitchen scraps, as well as growing
1038:
In 1969, John and Nancy Todd and William McLarney founded the
3601:
Benoßt, Stalport; Frédéric, Lebeau; Haissam, Jijakli (2018).
3015:"Towards sustainable food productions in Morocco: Aquaponics"
1856:
area in the eastern region. Salam's work innovates a form of
3760:
3723:
ATTRA - National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service
4145:"Aquaponics systems that makes you self sustained for food"
3212:(454). Southern Regional Aquaculture Center. Archived from
1430:
1216:, which are usable by the plants; A biofilter is optional.
3964:"Our Commercial Aquaponics Students - Friendly Aquaponics"
3626:"The Hydroponic, Robotic Future of Farming in Greenhouses"
3123:"Aquaponics - Integration of Hydroponics with Aquaculture"
1489:
larvae to feed to the fish using composting grub growers.
865:
Woodcut from the 13th-century Chinese agricultural manual
3933:"Denver jail sustainably growing food through aquaponics"
3415:"Fish, Lettuce and Food Waste Put New Spin on Aquaponics"
1582:
or pipe blockages, can result in the loss of fish stock.
1323:
Filtered water from the hydroponics system drains into a
3716:"Aquaponicsâintegration of hydroponics with aquaculture"
3520:"How to build an indoor Aquaponics system ~ Agriculture"
3468:"Aquaponics: Hybrid between aquaculture and hydroponics"
3096:
Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering.
2764:(Thesis thesis). Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
3148:"Waste Management and Environment - Floating new ideas"
2660:
McMurtry, M. R.; Nelson, P. V.; Sanders, D. C. (1988).
2632:
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
2580:
Integrated Agriculture-aquaculture: A Primer, Issue 407
2176:
2174:
1606:
hatches/moving screens/pumps that move the fish around.
3524:
How to build an indoor Aquaponics system ~ Agriculture
2701:
Water Harvesting and Aquaculture for Rural Development
3485:
Hygnstrom, Jan R.; Skipton, Sharon O.; Woldt, Wayne.
968:
962:
3685:
Scientific Papers Animal Science and Biotechnologies
2761:
Aquaponics : community and economic development
7667:
7604:
7571:
7333:
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6624:
6571:
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4746:
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4511:
4308:
4267:
2882:Watten, Barnaby J.; Busch, Robert L. (1984-10-01).
3651:"Walker celebrates opening of aquaponics facility"
2053:"The aquaponic principleâIt is all about coupling"
814:and continuously submerged within the water tank.
3994:"Aquaponics being taught in Vietnamese community"
2012:, Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 344â386,
1921:Whispering Roots is a non-profit organization in
1654:devices, these systems can now run with a lot of
3679:Blidariu, Flavius; Grozea, Adrian (2011-01-01).
2987:Milkwood: permaculture courses, skills + stories
1067:In 1979, James Rakocy and his colleagues at the
2836:Agricultural Experiment Station. Archived from
2655:
2653:
2160:Agricultural Experiment Station. Archived from
2006:"Aquaponics-Integrating Fish and Plant Culture"
3822:(in Bengali). January 28, 2012. Archived from
3725:. National Center for Appropriate Technology.
2697:"Introduction to Fish Culture in Rice Paddies"
973:(èç°), which translates to "framed paddy" and "
961:. These floating planters are known as either
6715:
6290:
5392:
4959:
4222:
2456:
2454:
1512:commercial fish and crop production systems.
937:The 13th-century Chinese agricultural manual
730:
8:
7591:List of organic gardening and farming topics
3907:"Dakota College at Bottineau - Horticulture"
1310:Spinach seedlings, 5 days old, by aquaponics
6437:List of harvested aquatic animals by weight
6362:Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing
5449:List of harvested aquatic animals by weight
3875:"Rooftop gardens provide 'answer for Gaza'"
1966:they get more popular among city dwellers.
6722:
6708:
6700:
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6275:
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5426:
5413:
5399:
5385:
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4229:
4215:
4207:
4083:"Aquaponic farming operations taking root"
3814:"àŠà§àŠŻàŠŸàŠà§àŠŻàŠŒàŠŸàŠȘàŠšàŠżàŠà§àŠž àŠȘà§àŠ°àŠŻà§àŠà§àŠ€àŠżàŠ€à§ àŠźàŠŸàŠ-àŠžàŠŹàŠàŠż àŠàŠŸàŠ·"
2959:Palouse-Clearwater Environmental Institute
2758:Goodman, Elisha R. (Elisha Renee) (2011).
2400:"How to build an indoor Aquaponics system"
1193:, and for settling out fine particulates.
1105:" (the farming of aquatic organisms) and "
737:
723:
62:
3784:Some important talks on pest management (
3125:. ATTRA Sustainable Agriculture Program.
2461:Boutwelluc, Juanita (December 15, 2007).
2341:
2208:
2198:
2122:
2078:
2068:
1793:Learn how and when to remove this message
1412:Typically, after a system has stabilized
1189:, for catching uneaten food and detached
985:(8th century) periods of Chinese history.
889:cultivated agricultural islands known as
752:is a food production system that couples
3196:
3194:
3192:
3190:
3188:
2634:. Fisheries and Aquaculture Department.
1625:The most effective organic pesticide is
1109:" (the soilless cultivation of plants).
3186:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3176:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3168:
2976:
2974:
2823:
2821:
2523:"Sub-irrigation in wetland agriculture"
1996:
780:can return to the aquaculture vessels.
65:
3992:Harris, L. Kasimu (19 December 2011).
3421:from the original on February 26, 2013
2475:from the original on December 20, 2013
1841:world's most densely populated country
1429:can be used to neutralize the water's
1157:The tanks for raising and feeding the
914:countries and raised fish such as the
4125:from the original on January 30, 2013
3887:from the original on 24 February 2015
3771:The European Aquaponics Association (
3674:
3672:
3670:
3008:
3006:
3004:
3002:
2781:
2779:
2753:
2751:
2614:Recent Advances in Space Technologies
2559:from the original on December 6, 2013
2144:
2142:
1817:. This opened up an organization for
7:
7776:
5335:
4915:
4006:from the original on 22 January 2012
3448:from the original on 6 December 2011
2638:from the original on January 1, 2013
2369:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2149:Rakocy, James E.; Bailey, Donald S.
2100:
2098:
2046:
2044:
2042:
1981:Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture
1775:adding citations to reliable sources
41:A small, portable aquaponics system.
7788:
4927:
4115:"Fish farming in a high-rise world"
4081:Weber, Christopher (May 25, 2011).
3931:Hernandez, Elizabeth (2014-10-19).
3103:from the original on 16 August 2013
2376:http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su7044199
1646:Automation, monitoring, and control
1530:conditions, making them useful for
990:Modern Developments (1930s-present)
5265:Controlled-environment agriculture
4778:Environmental impact of irrigation
4095:from the original on June 11, 2013
3786:àŠŹàŠŸàŠČàŠŸàŠ àŠŠàŠźàŠš àŠžàŠàŠà§àŠ°àŠŸàŠšà§àŠ€ àŠàŠ°à§àŠ°àŠż àŠàŠżàŠà§ àŠàŠ„àŠŸ
3732:from the original on March 2, 2013
2676:from the original on June 19, 2012
2542:10.1023/B:AHUM.0000029395.84972.5e
2426:Aquaponics Food Production Systems
1850:Bangladesh Agricultural University
1057:Integrated Aqua-Vegeculture System
25:
5873:Geothermal energy and aquaculture
5732:Worshipful Company of Fishmongers
4187:from the original on June 8, 2013
4173:Goldstein, Harry (June 3, 2013).
3773:https://aquaponicsassociation.org
3649:K.C., Brown (September 1, 2017).
3624:Simon, Matt (November 20, 2017).
3440:Royte, Elizabeth (July 5, 2009).
3413:Amadori, Michael (July 5, 2011).
3394:from the original on May 29, 2013
2830:"Aquaculture â Aquaponic Systems"
2502:from the original on May 25, 2013
1551:recirculating aquaculture systems
1526:Aquaponic systems can also mimic
1315:Fish (or other aquatic creatures)
1084:The first aquaponics research in
7787:
7775:
7764:
7763:
7751:
6682:
6681:
6669:
6385:
5512:
5358:
5346:
5334:
5323:
5322:
4926:
4914:
4902:
4891:
4890:
3703:from the original on 2017-04-15.
2834:University of the Virgin Islands
2601:from the original on 2018-05-09.
2379:
2224:
2158:University of the Virgin Islands
1751:
1101:The term "aquaponics" combines "
1069:University of the Virgin Islands
1063:University of the Virgin Islands
910:farming systems existed in many
706:
73:
46:
34:
6670:
4846:Agriculture and the environment
4583:British Agricultural Revolution
4155:from the original on 2016-01-02
4036:from the original on 2015-10-18
3974:from the original on 2017-04-17
3945:from the original on 2017-04-18
3873:Qandil, Ala (24 January 2015).
3470:. November 2017. Archived from
3368:from the original on 2013-03-06
3129:from the original on 2019-10-03
2981:Bradley, Kirsten (2014-01-19).
2733:from the original on 2018-05-09
2004:Rakocy, James E. (2012-03-23),
1762:needs additional citations for
1053:North Carolina State University
1047:North Carolina State University
692:Agriculture and the environment
158:British Agricultural Revolution
6146:Federated States of Micronesia
4790:Climate change and agriculture
4563:Agriculture in the Middle Ages
3444:. The New York Times Company.
3255:10.17660/ActaHortic.2004.648.8
3150:. WME Magazine. Archived from
3094:University of HawaiÊ»i at MÄnoa
2270:10.1016/j.biortech.2015.12.079
2010:Aquaculture Production Systems
138:Agriculture in the Middle Ages
1:
3285:"The Aqua-Vegeculture System"
3060:Alba, Salvador (2022-07-13).
2861:Agricultural and Food Science
2727:"ççŠèŸČæž::ć·ćäž::æ¶ç° - 绎ćșæćșïŒèȘç±çćŸäčŠéŠ"
2463:"Aztecs' aquaponics revamped"
1397:essential for plant growth.
5229:Ultrasonic hydroponic fogger
4568:Arab Agricultural Revolution
4175:"The Indoor Aquaponics Farm"
4026:"Mission | Whispering Roots"
3039:10.1051/e3sconf/202233703004
2955:"Introduction to Aquaponics"
2908:10.1016/0044-8486(84)90290-4
2812:10.1016/0044-8486(77)90029-1
2786:Naegel, Ludwig C.A. (1977).
2530:Agriculture and Human Values
2314:Food Science & Nutrition
1128:Parts of an aquaponic system
1051:Mark McMurtry and others at
143:Arab Agricultural Revolution
7622:Index of pesticide articles
6337:Fish diseases and parasites
5946:Fish diseases and parasites
2496:"How does aquaponics work?"
1908:Deepwater Horizon oil spill
1882:Dakota College at Bottineau
1621:Disease and pest management
969:
963:
939:Wang Zhen's Book on Farming
867:Wang Zhen's Book on Farming
7847:
6766:Climate-friendly gardening
6019:Microalgal bacterial flocs
5260:Aquaculture of sea sponges
4528:Agriculture in Mesoamerica
3283:Gross, H. Douglas (1988).
2662:"Aqua-Vegeculture Systems"
2521:Crossley, Phil L. (2004).
2018:10.1002/9781118250105.ch14
1352:
1330:
1244:
1177:Used to circulate water.
854:
797:than the other two types.
103:Agriculture in Mesoamerica
7745:
7642:Plant disease forecasting
7596:Vegan organic agriculture
7446:Genetically modified tree
6655:
6543:Gathering seafood by hand
6383:
5839:
5822:
5510:
5425:
5412:
5318:
4981:
4887:
4878:Universities and colleges
4496:Universities and colleges
4301:
4244:
3761:https://doi.org/2313-4402
2435:10.1007/978-3-030-15943-6
1181:Settling basin (optional)
1140:above cannot absorb. The
630:Universities and colleges
590:Universities and colleges
6357:Individual fishing quota
5883:Integrated multi-trophic
4863:Agriculturist profession
4340:Agricultural engineering
4325:Agricultural cooperative
4119:BBC News US & Canada
4056:"Kids and Collaboration"
2929:Aqu@teach (2020-09-03).
1951:The Caribbean island of
1327:tank for re-circulation.
1185:A unit, also known as a
615:Agriculturist profession
434:Agricultural engineering
419:Agricultural cooperative
53:Aquaponic greenhouse in
5853:Aquaculture engineering
5407:Fishing industry topics
5270:Historical hydroculture
5128:Expanded clay aggregate
5075:Nutrient film technique
4986:Historical hydroculture
4768:Agricultural wastewater
4491:Sustainable food system
4486:Sustainable agriculture
4377:Animal-free agriculture
4345:Agricultural technology
2931:"History of aquaponics"
1886:Bottineau, North Dakota
1610:Multiple rearing units:
1573:in mind, such as using
857:Historical hydroculture
824:nutrient film technique
818:Nutrient Film Technique
585:Sustainable food system
580:Sustainable agriculture
471:Animal-free agriculture
439:Agricultural technology
7581:Biodynamic agriculture
7518:Postharvest physiology
7466:Landscape architecture
7163:Indonesian home garden
4868:Agricultural machinery
4826:History of agriculture
4811:Agriculture by country
4806:Agricultural machinery
4763:Agricultural pollution
4758:Agricultural expansion
4533:Austronesian expansion
4444:Mechanised agriculture
3549:Reviews in Aquaculture
3019:E3S Web of Conferences
2666:International Ag-Sieve
2250:Bioresource Technology
2057:Reviews in Aquaculture
1566:
1328:
1311:
1303:
1295:
1261:leafy green vegetables
1224:Certain systems use a
1145:
1011:
870:
713:Agriculture portal
672:History of agriculture
657:Agriculture by country
652:Agricultural machinery
620:Agricultural machinery
538:Mechanised agriculture
108:Austronesian expansion
6828:Historic conservation
5791:World fish production
5090:Sub-irrigated planter
4873:Government ministries
4816:Agriculture companies
4652:Convertible husbandry
4330:Agricultural supplies
4280:Agricultural Engineer
3861:The Daily Kalerkantho
3714:Diver, Steve (2006).
3518:Ashish (2023-12-21).
3311:extension.okstate.edu
3219:on September 15, 2012
2628:"Carassius carassius"
1564:
1353:Further information:
1322:
1309:
1301:
1289:
1245:Further information:
1208:can grow and convert
1135:
1040:New Alchemy Institute
1034:New Alchemy Institute
1005:
983:Northern Song dynasty
864:
855:Further information:
662:Agriculture companies
625:Government ministries
424:Agricultural supplies
261:Convertible husbandry
7758:Gardening portal
7657:Aquamog weed remover
7632:List of insecticides
6347:Fisheries management
5255:Aquaculture of coral
5204:Irrigation sprinkler
4523:Neolithic Revolution
4382:Cellular agriculture
4335:Agricultural science
3999:The Louisiana Weekly
3819:The Daily Janakantha
3388:"Organic Aquaponics"
3330:Sallenave, Rossana.
3066:aquaponicsunited.com
2468:Napa Valley Register
2404:Agriculture land usa
1771:improve this article
1197:Biofilter (optional)
1165:Hydroponic subsystem
934:(ç°èș) in the paddies.
830:Media-Based Grow Bed
476:Cellular agriculture
429:Agricultural science
98:Neolithic Revolution
6505:Fishing tournaments
6367:Sustainable fishery
5644:Fish protein powder
5080:Organic hydroponics
4062:on 11 December 2013
4030:whisperingroots.org
3968:Friendly Aquaponics
3031:2022E3SWC.33703004R
2900:1984Aquac..41..271W
2804:1977Aquac..10...17N
2262:2016BiTec.210...81Z
1858:subsistence farming
1843:, most farmers use
1596:Sequential rearing:
1509:aquatic environment
1423:potassium hydroxide
1055:conceptualized the
357:Steam sterilization
7627:List of fungicides
7392:Companion planting
6447:Commercial fishing
6419:History of fishing
5796:Fishing by country
5439:Commercial fishing
5123:Diatomaceous earth
5050:Deep water culture
4657:Rotational grazing
4573:Columbian exchange
4149:Small Garden Ideas
4121:. April 29, 2012.
3863:, January 25, 2011
3851:2013-12-12 at the
3791:2013-12-13 at the
3247:Acta Horticulturae
3062:"Dr. James Rakocy"
1819:European countries
1815:European countries
1674:Economic viability
1580:electrical outages
1575:alternative energy
1567:
1528:controlled wetland
1329:
1312:
1304:
1296:
1201:A place where the
1146:
1012:
981:(6th century) and
871:
807:deep water culture
801:Deep Water Culture
266:Rotational grazing
148:Columbian exchange
7803:
7802:
7675:Community orchard
7501:drought tolerance
6697:
6696:
6500:Catch and release
6404:Artisanal fishing
6352:Fisheries science
6332:Diversity of fish
6272:
6271:
6268:
6267:
6264:
6263:
6060:Freshwater prawns
5818:
5817:
5814:
5813:
5541:Fish preservation
5464:Midwater trawling
5374:
5373:
5290:Plant propagation
5199:Hydroponic dosers
4941:
4940:
4501:Urban agriculture
4474:Rice-duck farming
4422:Intensive farming
4392:Extensive farming
3826:on April 11, 2013
3803:, 29 January 2011
3561:10.1111/raq.12508
3362:Purdue University
2828:Rakocy, James E.
2707:on March 17, 2010
2444:978-3-030-15942-9
2326:10.1002/fsn3.3154
2124:10.3390/w15244310
2070:10.1111/raq.12596
2027:978-1-118-25010-5
1803:
1802:
1795:
1571:energy efficiency
1487:black soldier fly
1427:calcium hydroxide
747:
746:
595:Urban agriculture
568:Rice-duck farming
516:Intensive farming
486:Extensive farming
16:(Redirected from
7838:
7791:
7790:
7779:
7778:
7767:
7766:
7756:
7755:
7732:Plant collecting
7668:Related articles
7605:Plant protection
6786:French intensive
6724:
6717:
6710:
6701:
6685:
6684:
6673:
6672:
6642:Fishing villages
6581:Artificial flies
6548:Handline fishing
6495:Big-game fishing
6389:
6299:
6292:
6285:
6276:
6191:Papua New Guinea
6171:Marshall Islands
5841:
5833:farmed fisheries
5824:
5712:Shrimp marketing
5634:Fish hydrolysate
5516:
5431:Fishing industry
5427:
5414:
5401:
5394:
5387:
5378:
5362:
5350:
5338:
5337:
5326:
5325:
5305:Vertical farming
5243:Related concepts
4968:
4961:
4954:
4945:
4930:
4929:
4918:
4917:
4906:
4894:
4893:
4738:Wildlife farming
4588:Green Revolution
4539:Ancient history
4479:Rice-fish system
4387:Contract farming
4372:Animal husbandry
4231:
4224:
4217:
4208:
4197:
4196:
4194:
4192:
4170:
4164:
4163:
4161:
4160:
4141:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4130:
4111:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4100:
4078:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4067:
4058:. Archived from
4051:
4045:
4044:
4042:
4041:
4022:
4016:
4015:
4013:
4011:
3989:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3979:
3960:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3950:
3928:
3922:
3921:
3919:
3918:
3909:. Archived from
3903:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3892:
3870:
3864:
3842:
3836:
3835:
3833:
3831:
3810:
3804:
3782:
3776:
3769:
3763:
3757:
3751:
3748:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3737:
3731:
3720:
3711:
3705:
3704:
3676:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3661:
3646:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3636:
3621:
3615:
3614:
3598:
3592:
3591:
3579:
3573:
3572:
3540:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3530:
3515:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3504:
3499:on July 14, 2014
3498:
3492:. Archived from
3491:
3482:
3476:
3475:
3464:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3453:
3437:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3426:
3410:
3404:
3403:
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3383:
3377:
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3374:
3373:
3352:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3342:
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3321:
3320:
3318:
3317:
3302:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3291:
3280:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3264:on June 12, 2013
3263:
3257:. Archived from
3244:
3235:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3224:
3218:
3207:
3198:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3159:
3144:
3138:
3137:
3135:
3134:
3119:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3102:
3091:
3082:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3072:
3057:
3051:
3050:
3010:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2978:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2951:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2941:
2935:learn.farmhub.ag
2926:
2920:
2919:
2879:
2873:
2872:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2845:
2825:
2816:
2815:
2783:
2774:
2773:
2755:
2746:
2745:
2739:
2738:
2723:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2657:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2624:
2618:
2617:
2609:
2603:
2602:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2558:
2536:(2/3): 191â205.
2527:
2518:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2491:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2458:
2449:
2448:
2420:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2396:
2390:
2383:
2371:
2356:
2355:
2345:
2320:(3): 1157â1165.
2305:
2290:
2289:
2241:
2235:
2228:
2222:
2212:
2202:
2200:10.3390/w9010013
2178:
2169:
2168:
2167:on 2 March 2013.
2166:
2155:
2146:
2137:
2136:
2126:
2102:
2093:
2092:
2082:
2072:
2048:
2037:
2036:
2035:
2034:
2001:
1986:Vertical farming
1976:Rice-fish system
1798:
1791:
1787:
1784:
1778:
1755:
1747:
1743:Current examples
1664:machine learning
1603:Stock splitting:
1468:and filtration.
972:
966:
930:(éŻœé) as well as
739:
732:
725:
711:
710:
709:
573:Rice-fish system
481:Contract farming
466:Animal husbandry
204:Animal husbandry
163:Green Revolution
114:Ancient history
77:
63:
50:
38:
21:
7846:
7845:
7841:
7840:
7839:
7837:
7836:
7835:
7806:
7805:
7804:
7799:
7750:
7741:
7737:Turf management
7722:Lists of plants
7717:List of gardens
7663:
7600:
7567:
7329:
6879:
6872:
6737:
6728:
6698:
6693:
6651:
6647:Marine habitats
6620:
6591:Bite indicators
6567:
6514:
6476:
6423:
6390:
6381:
6313:
6303:
6273:
6260:
6206:Solomon Islands
6109:
6038:
6024:Photobioreactor
5995:
5917:
5835:
5810:
5779:
5736:
5707:Live fish trade
5693:
5585:
5523:Fish processing
5517:
5508:
5499:Fishing vessels
5469:Bottom trawling
5421:
5408:
5405:
5375:
5370:
5314:
5285:Plant nutrition
5238:
5182:
5099:
5028:
4990:
4977:
4972:
4942:
4937:
4883:
4882:
4881:
4850:
4841:Poultry farming
4794:
4749:
4742:
4713:Poultry farming
4603:
4579:Modern history
4559:Post-classical
4507:
4506:
4505:
4449:Organic farming
4304:
4303:
4299:
4263:
4240:
4235:
4205:
4200:
4190:
4188:
4172:
4171:
4167:
4158:
4156:
4143:
4142:
4138:
4128:
4126:
4113:
4112:
4108:
4098:
4096:
4088:Chicago Tribune
4080:
4079:
4075:
4065:
4063:
4053:
4052:
4048:
4039:
4037:
4024:
4023:
4019:
4009:
4007:
3991:
3990:
3986:
3977:
3975:
3962:
3961:
3957:
3948:
3946:
3938:The Denver Post
3930:
3929:
3925:
3916:
3914:
3905:
3904:
3900:
3890:
3888:
3872:
3871:
3867:
3853:Wayback Machine
3843:
3839:
3829:
3827:
3812:
3811:
3807:
3793:Wayback Machine
3783:
3779:
3770:
3766:
3758:
3754:
3749:
3745:
3735:
3733:
3729:
3718:
3713:
3712:
3708:
3678:
3677:
3668:
3659:
3657:
3648:
3647:
3643:
3634:
3632:
3623:
3622:
3618:
3600:
3599:
3595:
3581:
3580:
3576:
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3541:
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3528:
3526:
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3516:
3512:
3502:
3500:
3496:
3489:
3484:
3483:
3479:
3466:
3465:
3461:
3451:
3449:
3442:"Street Farmer"
3439:
3438:
3434:
3424:
3422:
3412:
3411:
3407:
3397:
3395:
3385:
3384:
3380:
3371:
3369:
3354:
3353:
3349:
3340:
3338:
3329:
3328:
3324:
3315:
3313:
3304:
3303:
3299:
3289:
3287:
3282:
3281:
3277:
3267:
3265:
3261:
3242:
3237:
3236:
3232:
3222:
3220:
3216:
3205:
3200:
3199:
3166:
3157:
3155:
3146:
3145:
3141:
3132:
3130:
3121:
3120:
3116:
3106:
3104:
3100:
3089:
3084:
3083:
3079:
3070:
3068:
3059:
3058:
3054:
3012:
3011:
3000:
2991:
2989:
2980:
2979:
2972:
2963:
2961:
2953:
2952:
2948:
2939:
2937:
2928:
2927:
2923:
2881:
2880:
2876:
2858:
2857:
2853:
2843:
2841:
2840:on 4 March 2013
2827:
2826:
2819:
2785:
2784:
2777:
2757:
2756:
2749:
2736:
2734:
2725:
2724:
2720:
2710:
2708:
2694:
2693:
2689:
2679:
2677:
2659:
2658:
2651:
2641:
2639:
2626:
2625:
2621:
2611:
2610:
2606:
2595:
2577:
2576:
2572:
2562:
2560:
2556:
2525:
2520:
2519:
2515:
2505:
2503:
2493:
2492:
2488:
2478:
2476:
2460:
2459:
2452:
2445:
2422:
2421:
2417:
2408:
2406:
2398:
2397:
2393:
2372:
2359:
2307:
2306:
2293:
2243:
2242:
2238:
2180:
2179:
2172:
2164:
2153:
2148:
2147:
2140:
2104:
2103:
2096:
2050:
2049:
2040:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2003:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1972:
1946:
1923:Omaha, Nebraska
1876:
1830:
1808:
1799:
1788:
1782:
1779:
1768:
1756:
1745:
1681:chinese cabbage
1676:
1648:
1623:
1588:
1559:
1504:
1495:
1493:Plant nutrients
1474:
1448:
1390:
1373:
1357:
1351:
1335:
1317:
1249:
1243:
1234:
1232:Live components
1222:
1220:Sump (optional)
1199:
1183:
1175:
1167:
1155:
1130:
1099:
1078:
1065:
1049:
1036:
992:
879:
859:
853:
832:
820:
803:
794:
772:in tanks) with
758:aquatic animals
743:
707:
705:
700:
699:
698:
697:
696:
687:Poultry farming
644:
636:
635:
634:
609:
601:
600:
599:
543:Organic farming
408:
400:
399:
398:
373:
363:
362:
361:
193:
183:
182:
181:
180:
179:
154:Modern history
134:Post-classical
87:
61:
60:
59:
58:
57:
51:
43:
42:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7844:
7842:
7834:
7833:
7828:
7823:
7818:
7808:
7807:
7801:
7800:
7798:
7797:
7785:
7773:
7761:
7746:
7743:
7742:
7740:
7739:
7734:
7729:
7724:
7719:
7714:
7712:Garden tourism
7709:
7704:
7702:Groundskeeping
7699:
7698:
7697:
7692:
7682:
7677:
7671:
7669:
7665:
7664:
7662:
7661:
7660:
7659:
7649:
7644:
7639:
7634:
7629:
7624:
7619:
7614:
7608:
7606:
7602:
7601:
7599:
7598:
7593:
7588:
7583:
7577:
7575:
7569:
7568:
7566:
7565:
7560:
7555:
7554:
7553:
7548:
7543:
7538:
7530:
7525:
7520:
7515:
7510:
7509:
7508:
7503:
7498:
7493:
7491:free-flowering
7488:
7483:
7473:
7468:
7463:
7458:
7453:
7448:
7443:
7438:
7433:
7432:
7431:
7426:
7416:
7411:
7406:
7405:
7404:
7394:
7389:
7384:
7383:
7382:
7372:
7367:
7366:
7365:
7360:
7355:
7350:
7339:
7337:
7331:
7330:
7328:
7327:
7322:
7317:
7312:
7307:
7302:
7297:
7292:
7287:
7282:
7277:
7272:
7267:
7262:
7257:
7252:
7247:
7242:
7237:
7232:
7227:
7222:
7217:
7212:
7207:
7202:
7197:
7192:
7187:
7186:
7185:
7180:
7175:
7165:
7160:
7155:
7150:
7145:
7140:
7135:
7130:
7125:
7120:
7115:
7110:
7105:
7100:
7095:
7090:
7085:
7080:
7079:
7078:
7073:
7068:
7060:
7055:
7050:
7045:
7044:
7043:
7033:
7032:
7031:
7026:
7021:
7020:
7019:
7014:
7004:
7003:
7002:
6987:
6982:
6977:
6972:
6967:
6966:
6965:
6955:
6950:
6945:
6940:
6935:
6930:
6925:
6920:
6915:
6910:
6905:
6900:
6895:
6890:
6884:
6882:
6874:
6873:
6871:
6870:
6865:
6860:
6855:
6850:
6845:
6840:
6835:
6830:
6825:
6820:
6815:
6810:
6808:Groundskeeping
6805:
6804:
6803:
6801:computer-aided
6793:
6788:
6783:
6778:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6747:
6745:
6739:
6738:
6729:
6727:
6726:
6719:
6712:
6704:
6695:
6694:
6692:
6691:
6679:
6667:
6662:
6656:
6653:
6652:
6650:
6649:
6644:
6639:
6634:
6628:
6626:
6622:
6621:
6619:
6618:
6613:
6608:
6603:
6598:
6593:
6588:
6583:
6577:
6575:
6569:
6568:
6566:
6565:
6560:
6555:
6550:
6545:
6540:
6535:
6530:
6524:
6522:
6516:
6515:
6513:
6512:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6492:
6486:
6484:
6478:
6477:
6475:
6474:
6469:
6464:
6459:
6454:
6449:
6444:
6439:
6433:
6431:
6425:
6424:
6422:
6421:
6416:
6414:Fishing vessel
6411:
6406:
6400:
6398:
6392:
6391:
6384:
6382:
6380:
6379:
6377:Wild fisheries
6374:
6369:
6364:
6359:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6339:
6334:
6329:
6323:
6321:
6315:
6314:
6304:
6302:
6301:
6294:
6287:
6279:
6270:
6269:
6266:
6265:
6262:
6261:
6259:
6258:
6253:
6252:
6251:
6246:
6241:
6235:United States
6233:
6231:United Kingdom
6228:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6208:
6203:
6198:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6117:
6115:
6111:
6110:
6108:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6046:
6044:
6040:
6039:
6037:
6036:
6031:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6005:
6003:
5997:
5996:
5994:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5927:
5925:
5919:
5918:
5916:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5893:Antimicrobials
5890:
5885:
5880:
5875:
5870:
5865:
5863:Best practices
5860:
5855:
5849:
5847:
5837:
5836:
5827:
5820:
5819:
5816:
5815:
5812:
5811:
5809:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5787:
5785:
5784:Area fisheries
5781:
5780:
5778:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5765:English Market
5762:
5757:
5752:
5746:
5744:
5738:
5737:
5735:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5703:
5701:
5699:Fish marketing
5695:
5694:
5692:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5606:
5601:
5595:
5593:
5587:
5586:
5584:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5566:Salmon cannery
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5527:
5525:
5519:
5518:
5511:
5509:
5507:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5444:Fish slaughter
5441:
5435:
5433:
5423:
5422:
5419:Wild fisheries
5417:
5410:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5403:
5396:
5389:
5381:
5372:
5371:
5369:
5368:
5356:
5344:
5332:
5319:
5316:
5315:
5313:
5312:
5310:Water aeration
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5246:
5244:
5240:
5239:
5237:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5190:
5188:
5184:
5183:
5181:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5109:
5107:
5101:
5100:
5098:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5040:Aquatic garden
5036:
5034:
5030:
5029:
5027:
5026:
5025:
5024:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4998:
4996:
4992:
4991:
4989:
4988:
4982:
4979:
4978:
4973:
4971:
4970:
4963:
4956:
4948:
4939:
4938:
4936:
4924:
4912:
4900:
4888:
4885:
4884:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4859:
4858:
4856:
4852:
4851:
4849:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4802:
4800:
4796:
4795:
4793:
4792:
4787:
4786:
4785:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4754:
4752:
4744:
4743:
4741:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4704:
4703:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4682:
4681:
4671:
4669:Insect farming
4666:
4661:
4660:
4659:
4654:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4613:
4611:
4605:
4604:
4602:
4601:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4577:
4576:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4557:
4556:
4555:
4550:
4548:Ancient Greece
4545:
4537:
4536:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4517:
4515:
4509:
4508:
4504:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4482:
4481:
4476:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4440:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4358:
4357:
4352:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4316:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4306:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4298:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4271:
4269:
4265:
4264:
4262:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4245:
4242:
4241:
4236:
4234:
4233:
4226:
4219:
4211:
4204:
4203:External links
4201:
4199:
4198:
4165:
4136:
4106:
4073:
4046:
4017:
3984:
3955:
3923:
3898:
3865:
3837:
3805:
3777:
3764:
3752:
3743:
3706:
3666:
3641:
3616:
3593:
3574:
3555:(2): 971â995.
3535:
3510:
3477:
3474:on 2017-11-07.
3459:
3432:
3405:
3378:
3347:
3322:
3297:
3275:
3230:
3164:
3139:
3114:
3077:
3052:
2998:
2970:
2946:
2921:
2894:(3): 271â283.
2874:
2851:
2817:
2775:
2747:
2729:(in Chinese).
2718:
2687:
2649:
2619:
2604:
2593:
2570:
2513:
2486:
2450:
2443:
2415:
2391:
2357:
2291:
2236:
2170:
2138:
2094:
2038:
2026:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1971:
1968:
1959:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1919:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1870:
1869:
1868:
1861:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1824:
1823:
1822:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1759:
1757:
1750:
1744:
1741:
1675:
1672:
1647:
1644:
1622:
1619:
1615:
1614:
1607:
1600:
1587:
1584:
1558:
1555:
1503:
1500:
1494:
1491:
1473:
1470:
1447:
1444:
1421:bases such as
1407:microorganisms
1389:
1386:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1355:Nitrogen Cycle
1350:
1347:
1346:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1331:Main article:
1316:
1313:
1280:
1279:
1276:
1257:
1242:
1239:
1233:
1230:
1221:
1218:
1198:
1195:
1182:
1179:
1174:
1171:
1166:
1163:
1154:
1151:
1129:
1126:
1122:European Union
1098:
1095:
1077:
1074:
1064:
1061:
1048:
1045:
1035:
1032:
991:
988:
987:
986:
935:
916:oriental loach
897:
878:
875:
852:
849:
831:
828:
819:
816:
802:
799:
793:
790:
745:
744:
742:
741:
734:
727:
719:
716:
715:
702:
701:
695:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
648:
647:
646:
645:
642:
641:
638:
637:
633:
632:
627:
622:
617:
611:
610:
607:
606:
603:
602:
598:
597:
592:
587:
582:
577:
576:
575:
570:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
534:
533:
528:
523:
513:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
473:
468:
463:
458:
453:
452:
451:
446:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
410:
409:
406:
405:
402:
401:
397:
396:
391:
386:
381:
375:
374:
369:
368:
365:
364:
360:
359:
354:
349:
344:
342:Slash-and-burn
339:
332:
327:
322:
317:
312:
307:
302:
297:
296:
295:
290:
285:
275:
270:
269:
268:
263:
253:
248:
243:
238:
233:
228:
227:
226:
221:
216:
211:
201:
195:
194:
189:
188:
185:
184:
178:
177:
176:
175:
170:
165:
160:
152:
151:
150:
145:
140:
132:
131:
130:
125:
123:Ancient Greece
120:
112:
111:
110:
105:
100:
91:
90:
89:
88:
83:
82:
79:
78:
70:
69:
52:
45:
44:
40:
33:
32:
31:
30:
29:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7843:
7832:
7829:
7827:
7824:
7822:
7819:
7817:
7814:
7813:
7811:
7796:
7795:
7786:
7784:
7783:
7774:
7772:
7771:
7762:
7760:
7759:
7754:
7748:
7747:
7744:
7738:
7735:
7733:
7730:
7728:
7725:
7723:
7720:
7718:
7715:
7713:
7710:
7708:
7707:Garden centre
7705:
7703:
7700:
7696:
7693:
7691:
7688:
7687:
7686:
7685:Floral design
7683:
7681:
7678:
7676:
7673:
7672:
7670:
7666:
7658:
7655:
7654:
7653:
7650:
7648:
7645:
7643:
7640:
7638:
7635:
7633:
7630:
7628:
7625:
7623:
7620:
7618:
7615:
7613:
7610:
7609:
7607:
7603:
7597:
7594:
7592:
7589:
7587:
7584:
7582:
7579:
7578:
7576:
7574:
7570:
7564:
7561:
7559:
7556:
7552:
7551:reforestation
7549:
7547:
7544:
7542:
7539:
7537:
7534:
7533:
7531:
7529:
7526:
7524:
7521:
7519:
7516:
7514:
7511:
7507:
7504:
7502:
7499:
7497:
7494:
7492:
7489:
7487:
7484:
7482:
7479:
7478:
7477:
7474:
7472:
7469:
7467:
7464:
7462:
7461:Intercropping
7459:
7457:
7454:
7452:
7449:
7447:
7444:
7442:
7439:
7437:
7434:
7430:
7427:
7425:
7422:
7421:
7420:
7417:
7415:
7412:
7410:
7407:
7403:
7402:most valuable
7400:
7399:
7398:
7395:
7393:
7390:
7388:
7385:
7381:
7378:
7377:
7376:
7373:
7371:
7370:Arboriculture
7368:
7364:
7361:
7359:
7356:
7354:
7351:
7349:
7346:
7345:
7344:
7341:
7340:
7338:
7336:
7332:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7318:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7303:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7293:
7291:
7288:
7286:
7283:
7281:
7278:
7276:
7273:
7271:
7268:
7266:
7263:
7261:
7258:
7256:
7253:
7251:
7248:
7246:
7243:
7241:
7238:
7236:
7233:
7231:
7228:
7226:
7223:
7221:
7218:
7216:
7213:
7211:
7208:
7206:
7203:
7201:
7198:
7196:
7193:
7191:
7188:
7184:
7181:
7179:
7176:
7174:
7171:
7170:
7169:
7166:
7164:
7161:
7159:
7156:
7154:
7151:
7149:
7146:
7144:
7141:
7139:
7136:
7134:
7131:
7129:
7126:
7124:
7121:
7119:
7116:
7114:
7111:
7109:
7106:
7104:
7101:
7099:
7096:
7094:
7091:
7089:
7086:
7084:
7081:
7077:
7074:
7072:
7069:
7067:
7064:
7063:
7061:
7059:
7056:
7054:
7051:
7049:
7046:
7042:
7039:
7038:
7037:
7034:
7030:
7027:
7025:
7022:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7010:
7009:
7008:
7005:
7001:
6998:
6997:
6996:
6993:
6992:
6991:
6988:
6986:
6983:
6981:
6978:
6976:
6973:
6971:
6968:
6964:
6963:Garden square
6961:
6960:
6959:
6956:
6954:
6951:
6949:
6946:
6944:
6941:
6939:
6936:
6934:
6931:
6929:
6926:
6924:
6921:
6919:
6916:
6914:
6911:
6909:
6906:
6904:
6901:
6899:
6896:
6894:
6893:Ancient Egypt
6891:
6889:
6886:
6885:
6883:
6881:
6875:
6869:
6866:
6864:
6861:
6859:
6856:
6854:
6851:
6849:
6846:
6844:
6841:
6839:
6836:
6834:
6831:
6829:
6826:
6824:
6821:
6819:
6816:
6814:
6811:
6809:
6806:
6802:
6799:
6798:
6797:
6796:Garden design
6794:
6792:
6789:
6787:
6784:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6774:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6759:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6749:
6748:
6746:
6744:
6740:
6736:
6732:
6725:
6720:
6718:
6713:
6711:
6706:
6705:
6702:
6690:
6689:
6680:
6678:
6677:
6668:
6666:
6663:
6661:
6658:
6657:
6654:
6648:
6645:
6643:
6640:
6638:
6637:Fishing banks
6635:
6633:
6630:
6629:
6627:
6623:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6609:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6592:
6589:
6587:
6584:
6582:
6579:
6578:
6576:
6574:
6570:
6564:
6561:
6559:
6556:
6554:
6551:
6549:
6546:
6544:
6541:
6539:
6536:
6534:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6525:
6523:
6521:
6517:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6488:
6487:
6485:
6483:
6479:
6473:
6470:
6468:
6465:
6463:
6460:
6458:
6455:
6453:
6450:
6448:
6445:
6443:
6440:
6438:
6435:
6434:
6432:
6430:
6426:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6405:
6402:
6401:
6399:
6397:
6393:
6388:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6324:
6322:
6320:
6316:
6311:
6307:
6300:
6295:
6293:
6288:
6286:
6281:
6280:
6277:
6257:
6254:
6250:
6247:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6236:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6118:
6116:
6112:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6075:Marine shrimp
6073:
6071:
6070:Hirudiculture
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6047:
6045:
6043:Other species
6041:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6006:
6004:
6002:
5998:
5992:
5991:US hatcheries
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5966:Fish stocking
5964:
5962:
5961:Fish hatchery
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5928:
5926:
5924:
5920:
5914:
5913:Recirculating
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5878:Inland saline
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5868:Copper alloys
5866:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5850:
5848:
5846:
5842:
5838:
5834:
5830:
5825:
5821:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5801:Fishing banks
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5788:
5786:
5782:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5747:
5745:
5743:
5739:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5704:
5702:
5700:
5696:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5624:Fish emulsion
5622:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5614:Cod liver oil
5612:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5596:
5594:
5592:
5591:Fish products
5588:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5556:Filleted fish
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5528:
5526:
5524:
5520:
5515:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5459:Pair trawling
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5436:
5434:
5432:
5428:
5424:
5420:
5415:
5411:
5402:
5397:
5395:
5390:
5388:
5383:
5382:
5379:
5367:
5366:
5361:
5357:
5355:
5354:
5349:
5345:
5343:
5342:
5333:
5331:
5330:
5321:
5320:
5317:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5247:
5245:
5241:
5235:
5234:Water chiller
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5191:
5189:
5185:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5110:
5108:
5106:
5102:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5085:OrganopĂłnicos
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5055:Kratky method
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5045:Bottle garden
5043:
5041:
5038:
5037:
5035:
5031:
5023:
5020:
5019:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4999:
4997:
4993:
4987:
4984:
4983:
4980:
4976:
4969:
4964:
4962:
4957:
4955:
4950:
4949:
4946:
4935:
4934:
4925:
4923:
4922:
4913:
4911:
4910:
4905:
4901:
4899:
4898:
4889:
4886:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4857:
4853:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4836:Meat industry
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4821:Biotechnology
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4803:
4801:
4797:
4791:
4788:
4784:
4781:
4780:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4755:
4753:
4751:
4748:Environmental
4745:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4728:Sheep farming
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4702:
4699:
4698:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4680:
4677:
4676:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4649:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4632:Dairy farming
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4614:
4612:
4610:
4609:Farming Types
4606:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4580:
4578:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4560:
4558:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4543:Ancient Egypt
4541:
4540:
4538:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4520:
4518:
4516:
4514:
4510:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4471:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4454:Paludiculture
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4424:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4356:
4355:Biotechnology
4353:
4351:
4348:
4347:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4313:
4311:
4307:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4275:Agriculturist
4273:
4272:
4270:
4266:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4246:
4243:
4239:
4232:
4227:
4225:
4220:
4218:
4213:
4212:
4209:
4202:
4186:
4182:
4181:
4180:IEEE Spectrum
4176:
4169:
4166:
4154:
4150:
4146:
4140:
4137:
4124:
4120:
4116:
4110:
4107:
4094:
4090:
4089:
4084:
4077:
4074:
4061:
4057:
4054:Lee, Cheril.
4050:
4047:
4035:
4031:
4027:
4021:
4018:
4005:
4001:
4000:
3995:
3988:
3985:
3973:
3969:
3965:
3959:
3956:
3944:
3940:
3939:
3934:
3927:
3924:
3913:on 2023-01-11
3912:
3908:
3902:
3899:
3886:
3882:
3881:
3876:
3869:
3866:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3850:
3847:
3841:
3838:
3825:
3821:
3820:
3815:
3809:
3806:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3790:
3787:
3781:
3778:
3774:
3768:
3765:
3762:
3756:
3753:
3747:
3744:
3728:
3724:
3717:
3710:
3707:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3675:
3673:
3671:
3667:
3656:
3652:
3645:
3642:
3631:
3627:
3620:
3617:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3597:
3594:
3589:
3585:
3578:
3575:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3539:
3536:
3525:
3521:
3514:
3511:
3495:
3488:
3481:
3478:
3473:
3469:
3463:
3460:
3447:
3443:
3436:
3433:
3420:
3416:
3409:
3406:
3393:
3389:
3386:Rogosa, Eli.
3382:
3379:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3358:
3351:
3348:
3337:
3336:pubs.nmsu.edu
3333:
3326:
3323:
3312:
3308:
3301:
3298:
3286:
3279:
3276:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3241:
3234:
3231:
3215:
3211:
3204:
3197:
3195:
3193:
3191:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3181:
3179:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3165:
3154:on 2009-10-25
3153:
3149:
3143:
3140:
3128:
3124:
3118:
3115:
3099:
3095:
3088:
3081:
3078:
3067:
3063:
3056:
3053:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3009:
3007:
3005:
3003:
2999:
2988:
2984:
2977:
2975:
2971:
2960:
2956:
2950:
2947:
2936:
2932:
2925:
2922:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2878:
2875:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2855:
2852:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2824:
2822:
2818:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2782:
2780:
2776:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2762:
2754:
2752:
2748:
2743:
2732:
2728:
2722:
2719:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2695:Bocek, Alex.
2691:
2688:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2656:
2654:
2650:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2623:
2620:
2615:
2608:
2605:
2600:
2596:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2581:
2574:
2571:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2524:
2517:
2514:
2501:
2497:
2494:Rogosa, Eli.
2490:
2487:
2474:
2470:
2469:
2464:
2457:
2455:
2451:
2446:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2427:
2419:
2416:
2405:
2401:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2358:
2353:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2292:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2227:
2220:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2177:
2175:
2171:
2163:
2159:
2152:
2145:
2143:
2139:
2134:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2101:
2099:
2095:
2090:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2039:
2029:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2000:
1997:
1991:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1954:
1950:
1949:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1935:
1932:
1931:urban farming
1928:
1924:
1920:
1917:
1916:New York City
1913:
1910:, and in the
1909:
1904:
1900:
1899:Growing Power
1896:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1874:North America
1873:
1866:
1862:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1846:
1845:agrochemicals
1842:
1838:
1834:
1833:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1811:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1797:
1794:
1786:
1783:February 2021
1776:
1772:
1766:
1765:
1760:This section
1758:
1754:
1749:
1748:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1718:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1665:
1659:
1657:
1653:
1645:
1643:
1639:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1620:
1618:
1611:
1608:
1604:
1601:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1592:
1586:Fish stocking
1585:
1583:
1581:
1576:
1572:
1563:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1532:biofiltration
1529:
1524:
1522:
1518:
1517:transpiration
1513:
1510:
1501:
1499:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1453:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1435:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1396:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1378:
1370:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1348:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1326:
1321:
1314:
1308:
1300:
1293:
1288:
1284:
1277:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1255:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1240:
1238:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1204:
1203:nitrification
1196:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1180:
1178:
1172:
1170:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1152:
1150:
1143:
1139:
1134:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1087:
1082:
1076:Other Systems
1075:
1073:
1070:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1016:
1009:
1004:
1000:
996:
989:
984:
980:
976:
971:
965:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
933:
929:
926:(éŻé, ăłă€) and
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
898:
894:
893:
888:
885:
884:
883:
876:
874:
868:
863:
858:
850:
848:
844:
840:
836:
829:
827:
825:
817:
815:
811:
808:
800:
798:
791:
789:
785:
781:
777:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
740:
735:
733:
728:
726:
721:
720:
718:
717:
714:
704:
703:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
682:Meat industry
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
667:Biotechnology
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
649:
640:
639:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
612:
605:
604:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
574:
571:
569:
566:
565:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
548:Paludiculture
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
518:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
450:
449:Biotechnology
447:
445:
442:
441:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
411:
404:
403:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
376:
372:
367:
366:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
337:
333:
331:
330:Sharecropping
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
280:
279:
276:
274:
271:
267:
264:
262:
259:
258:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
237:
234:
232:
229:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
206:
205:
202:
200:
197:
196:
192:
187:
186:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
159:
156:
155:
153:
149:
146:
144:
141:
139:
136:
135:
133:
129:
126:
124:
121:
119:
118:Ancient Egypt
116:
115:
113:
109:
106:
104:
101:
99:
96:
95:
93:
92:
86:
81:
80:
76:
72:
71:
68:
64:
56:
49:
37:
19:
7826:Hydroculture
7792:
7780:
7768:
7749:
7652:Weed control
7541:horticulture
7471:Olericulture
7451:Hydroculture
7441:Fruticulture
7419:Floriculture
7348:Permaculture
7335:Horticulture
6731:Horticulture
6686:
6674:
6553:Spearfishing
6342:Fish farming
6211:South Africa
6095:Sea cucumber
6050:Brine shrimp
6029:Raceway pond
5971:Spawning bed
5951:Fish farming
5923:Fish farming
5857:
5760:Maine Avenue
5750:Billingsgate
5742:Fish markets
5717:Chasse-marée
5689:Surströmming
5679:Shrimp paste
5604:Fish as food
5536:Factory ship
5531:Fish factory
5363:
5351:
5339:
5327:
5275:Hydroponicum
5219:Spray nozzle
5148:Mineral wool
5060:Ebb and flow
5006:
4975:Hydroculture
4931:
4919:
4907:
4895:
4783:Overdrafting
4642:Goat farming
4553:Ancient Rome
4459:Permaculture
4417:Horticulture
4362:Agroforestry
4320:Agribusiness
4189:. Retrieved
4178:
4168:
4157:. Retrieved
4148:
4139:
4127:. Retrieved
4118:
4109:
4097:. Retrieved
4086:
4076:
4064:. Retrieved
4060:the original
4049:
4038:. Retrieved
4029:
4020:
4008:. Retrieved
3997:
3987:
3976:. Retrieved
3967:
3958:
3947:. Retrieved
3936:
3926:
3915:. Retrieved
3911:the original
3901:
3889:. Retrieved
3878:
3868:
3840:
3828:. Retrieved
3824:the original
3817:
3808:
3780:
3767:
3755:
3746:
3734:. Retrieved
3722:
3709:
3688:
3684:
3658:. Retrieved
3654:
3644:
3633:. Retrieved
3629:
3619:
3596:
3587:
3583:
3577:
3552:
3548:
3538:
3527:. Retrieved
3523:
3513:
3501:. Retrieved
3494:the original
3480:
3472:the original
3462:
3450:. Retrieved
3435:
3423:. Retrieved
3417:. Newswise.
3408:
3396:. Retrieved
3381:
3370:. Retrieved
3356:
3350:
3339:. Retrieved
3335:
3325:
3314:. Retrieved
3310:
3300:
3290:25 September
3288:. Retrieved
3278:
3266:. Retrieved
3259:the original
3246:
3233:
3221:. Retrieved
3214:the original
3209:
3156:. Retrieved
3152:the original
3142:
3131:. Retrieved
3117:
3105:. Retrieved
3080:
3069:. Retrieved
3065:
3055:
3022:
3018:
2990:. Retrieved
2986:
2962:. Retrieved
2958:
2949:
2938:. Retrieved
2934:
2924:
2891:
2887:
2877:
2860:
2854:
2842:. Retrieved
2838:the original
2798:(1): 17â24.
2795:
2791:
2770:1721.1/67227
2760:
2740:– via
2735:. Retrieved
2721:
2709:. Retrieved
2705:the original
2700:
2690:
2678:. Retrieved
2669:
2665:
2640:. Retrieved
2631:
2622:
2613:
2607:
2579:
2573:
2561:. Retrieved
2533:
2529:
2516:
2504:. Retrieved
2489:
2477:. Retrieved
2466:
2425:
2418:
2407:. Retrieved
2403:
2394:
2378:
2317:
2313:
2253:
2249:
2239:
2223:
2210:2158/1074707
2190:
2186:
2162:the original
2117:(24): 4310.
2114:
2110:
2060:
2056:
2031:, retrieved
2009:
1999:
1964:
1960:
1901:that offers
1789:
1780:
1769:Please help
1764:verification
1761:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1717:soil quality
1713:
1709:bell peppers
1677:
1660:
1649:
1640:
1624:
1616:
1609:
1602:
1595:
1589:
1568:
1557:Energy usage
1544:
1525:
1514:
1505:
1496:
1483:vermiculture
1475:
1449:
1436:
1411:
1399:
1391:
1382:
1374:
1281:
1247:Horticulture
1235:
1223:
1200:
1184:
1176:
1168:
1156:
1153:Rearing tank
1147:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1100:
1091:
1083:
1079:
1066:
1050:
1037:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1017:
1013:
997:
993:
979:Tang dynasty
938:
928:crucian carp
918:(æł„éł
, ăăžă§ăŠ),
908:polycultural
904:paddy fields
890:
880:
872:
866:
845:
841:
837:
833:
821:
812:
804:
795:
792:System types
786:
782:
778:
768:, snails or
749:
748:
553:Permaculture
511:Horticulture
456:Agroforestry
414:Agribusiness
383:
371:Hydroculture
347:Smallholding
335:
128:Ancient Rome
7831:Hydroponics
7821:Aquaculture
7794:WikiProject
7563:Monoculture
7558:Viticulture
7536:agriculture
7496:propagation
7436:HĂŒgelkultur
7358:sustainable
7343:Agriculture
7285:Therapeutic
7265:Shakespeare
7076:Renaissance
6868:Xeriscaping
6863:Sustainable
6858:Square foot
6848:Proplifting
6813:Garden tool
6781:Foodscaping
6538:Fishing net
6510:Fly fishing
6372:Overfishing
6327:Aquaculture
6312:topic areas
6216:South Korea
6196:Philippines
6181:New Zealand
6100:Sea sponges
6001:Algaculture
5888:Mariculture
5845:Aquaculture
5829:Aquaculture
5806:Other areas
5576:Smoked fish
5571:Salted fish
5504:Power block
5479:Gillnetting
5365:Wikiversity
5295:Rhizosphere
5250:Algaculture
5209:Leaf sensor
5187:Accessories
5173:Vermiculite
5070:Microponics
5017:Hydroponics
5012:Aquascaping
4933:Wikiproject
4773:Overgrazing
4708:Pig farming
4691:Paddy field
4664:Hydroponics
4637:Fur farming
4622:Aquaculture
4617:Agrivoltaic
4598:Monoculture
4519:Prehistory
4469:Polyculture
4290:Farm worker
4268:Occupations
4238:Agriculture
4010:13 February
3801:The Sangbad
3611:2268/221709
2888:Aquaculture
2792:Aquaculture
2080:11475/27096
2063:: 252â264.
1927:hydroponics
1912:South Bronx
1635:nematicides
1538:household
1521:evaporation
1502:Water usage
1472:Feed source
1461:square foot
1440:Vermiponics
1333:Aquaculture
1107:hydroponics
1103:aquaculture
1097:Terminology
932:pond snails
924:common carp
912:Far Eastern
900:South China
774:hydroponics
754:aquaculture
563:Polyculture
389:Hydroponics
379:Aquaculture
320:Paddy field
305:Monoculture
199:Agrivoltaic
173:Monoculture
94:Prehistory
67:Agriculture
7816:Aquaponics
7810:Categories
7456:Indigenous
7353:stock-free
7325:Zoological
7205:Pollinator
7098:Greenhouse
7041:Sharawadgi
7029:Vietnamese
6990:East Asian
6898:Australian
6853:Raised bed
6818:Green wall
6632:Fish ponds
6533:Fishfinder
6520:Techniques
6482:Recreation
6462:Processing
6442:By country
6166:Madagascar
6141:East Timor
6114:By country
6014:Microalgae
6009:Giant kelp
5931:Broodstock
5858:Aquaponics
5722:Fishmonger
5649:Fish sauce
5551:Dried fish
5546:Slurry ice
5484:Longlining
5280:Paludarium
5194:Grow light
5178:Wood fibre
5163:Rice hulls
5138:Growstones
5105:Substrates
5007:Aquaponics
5002:Aeroponics
4799:Categories
4464:Plantation
4412:Free range
4407:Feed ratio
4159:2016-01-02
4040:2016-01-02
3978:2017-04-17
3949:2017-04-17
3917:2023-01-11
3891:24 January
3880:Al Jazeera
3830:October 1,
3691:(2): 1â8.
3660:2018-11-22
3635:2018-11-22
3590:: 941â946.
3529:2023-12-31
3372:2013-05-23
3357:Aquaponics
3341:2022-12-01
3316:2022-12-01
3158:2014-01-20
3133:2020-07-14
3071:2024-05-03
2992:2024-05-03
2964:2024-05-03
2940:2024-05-05
2742:Wikisource
2737:2017-11-30
2594:9251045992
2409:2024-05-13
2033:2021-07-30
1992:References
1837:Bangladesh
1705:cantaloupe
1656:automation
1631:fungicides
1273:vegetables
1173:Water Pump
922:(é»éł, ç°é°»),
750:Aquaponics
643:Categories
558:Plantation
506:Free range
501:Feed ratio
394:Aeroponics
384:Aquaponics
251:Free-range
246:Fertilizer
7727:Perennial
7690:Floristry
7637:Pesticide
7617:Herbicide
7612:Fungicide
7506:hardiness
7270:Shrubbery
7250:Sculpture
7071:landscape
7000:Cantonese
6975:Container
6970:Community
6938:Byzantine
6933:Butterfly
6923:Botanical
6823:Guerrilla
6771:Community
6761:Butterfly
6756:Arboretum
6751:Allotment
6743:Gardening
6735:gardening
6625:Locations
6528:Fish trap
6452:Marketing
6409:Fisherman
6319:Fisheries
6306:Fisheries
6156:Indonesia
6121:Australia
5986:Tailwater
5956:Fish feed
5629:Fish meal
5353:Wikibooks
5143:Lava rock
5118:Coco peat
5065:Fogponics
4831:Livestock
4674:Livestock
4402:Farmhouse
4129:April 24,
4066:25 August
3736:April 24,
3697:2344-4576
3655:WEAU News
3569:224852600
3425:April 24,
3398:April 24,
3360:(Video).
3268:April 24,
3223:April 24,
3047:2267-1242
3025:: 03004.
2916:0044-8486
2869:129627358
2711:April 24,
2680:April 24,
2642:April 24,
2563:April 24,
2506:April 24,
2479:April 24,
2386:CC BY 4.0
2334:2048-7177
2278:0960-8524
2256:: 81â87.
2231:CC BY 4.0
2219:2073-4441
2193:(1): 13.
2133:2073-4441
2089:1753-5123
1944:Caribbean
1903:Milwaukee
1865:Gaza City
1446:Operation
1395:nutrients
1388:Biofilter
1187:clarifier
1010:per year.
947:wild rice
920:swamp eel
892:chinampas
756:(raising
677:Livestock
496:Farmhouse
278:Intensive
241:Extensive
18:Aquaponic
7770:Category
7680:Features
7586:Grafting
7546:forestry
7528:Tropical
7513:Pomology
7486:cuttings
7481:breeding
7315:Wildlife
7295:Tropical
7245:Scottish
7195:Pleasure
7183:Paradise
7178:Charbagh
7148:Monastic
7143:Medieval
7053:Floating
7007:Japanese
6958:Communal
6948:Colonial
6913:Biblical
6878:Types of
6843:Parterre
6688:Category
6660:Glossary
6563:Trolling
6558:Trawling
6467:Products
6429:Industry
6161:Kiribati
6090:Scallops
5898:Offshore
5727:Fishwife
5669:Lutefisk
5639:Fish oil
5619:Fish roe
5494:Dredging
5489:Trolling
5454:Trawling
5329:Category
5300:Root rot
5113:Charcoal
5095:Top drip
5033:Subtypes
4897:Category
4723:Orchards
4696:Pastoral
4367:Agronomy
4185:Archived
4153:Archived
4123:Archived
4093:Archived
4034:Archived
4004:Archived
3972:Archived
3943:Archived
3885:Archived
3849:Archived
3789:Archived
3727:Archived
3701:Archived
3503:June 15,
3446:Archived
3419:Archived
3392:Archived
3366:Archived
3364:. 2011.
3127:Archived
3107:12 March
3098:Archived
2844:11 March
2731:Archived
2674:Archived
2636:Archived
2616:: 68â69.
2599:Archived
2587:. 2001.
2554:Archived
2550:29150729
2500:Archived
2473:Archived
2388:license.
2352:36911833
2343:10002891
2286:26783143
2233:license.
1970:See also
1953:Barbados
1697:tomatoes
1627:Neem oil
1536:treating
1479:duckweed
1477:growing
1466:aeration
1349:Bacteria
1214:nitrates
1206:bacteria
1191:biofilms
975:brassica
970:fengtian
967:(æ¶ç°) or
955:Zhejiang
766:crayfish
760:such as
461:Agronomy
325:Ranching
7782:Commons
7695:Ikebana
7647:Pruning
7573:Organic
7523:Roguing
7409:Cutting
7300:Victory
7275:Spanish
7255:Sensory
7200:Prairie
7168:Persian
7158:Orchard
7123:Kitchen
7118:Keyhole
7113:Italian
7108:Islamic
7103:Hanging
7062:French
7048:Fernery
7036:English
6995:Chinese
6980:Cottage
6908:Baroque
6880:gardens
6833:History
6676:Outline
6490:Angling
6472:Seafood
6457:Markets
6396:Fishing
6310:fishing
6256:Vanuatu
6105:Turtles
6085:Oysters
6080:Octopus
6065:Geoduck
6034:Seaweed
5981:Tilapia
5936:Catfish
5908:Raceway
5903:Organic
5775:Tsukiji
5674:Rakfisk
5654:Gravlax
5599:Seafood
5581:Kippers
5561:Gibbing
5474:Seining
5341:Commons
5214:Net-pot
5153:Perlite
5022:passive
4921:Commons
4733:Terrace
4679:Pasture
4647:Grazing
4593:Organic
4513:History
4427:animals
4350:Digital
4310:General
4254:History
4249:Outline
4191:June 3,
4099:June 9,
3857:Bengali
3797:Bengali
3452:8 March
3027:Bibcode
2896:Bibcode
2800:Bibcode
2258:Bibcode
1685:lettuce
1414:ammonia
1402:biofilm
1325:catfish
1254:biomass
1210:ammonia
1008:Tilapia
964:jiatian
951:Jiangsu
896:plants.
851:History
521:animals
444:Digital
407:Related
352:Terrace
336:Colonia
315:Organic
310:Orchard
300:Natural
283:animals
256:Grazing
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219:poultry
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168:Organic
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7532:Urban
7429:Taiwan
7424:Canada
7387:Botany
7380:Saikei
7375:Bonsai
7320:Winter
7305:Walled
7240:School
7235:Sacred
7190:Physic
7153:Mughal
7133:Market
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7058:Flower
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6928:Bottle
6888:Alpine
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6244:Hawaii
6239:Alaska
6226:Tuvalu
6126:Canada
5976:Salmon
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6606:Lures
6249:Maine
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6201:Samoa
6186:Palau
6176:Nauru
6136:China
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5831:and
5168:Sand
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4193:2013
4131:2013
4101:2013
4068:2013
4012:2012
3893:2015
3832:2019
3738:2013
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3505:2014
3454:2011
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