975:, whatever his dignity or power, will act, except for what concerns his own diocese, like the other African bishops, by consultation with the archbishop of Carthage. In the letter addressed to Petrus and Ioannes, Pope Leo adds to his declaration of the position of the bishop of Carthage the eloquent declaration: "... nor can he, for the benefit of any bishop in the whole of Africa lose the privilege received once for all from the holy Roman and apostolic see, but he will hold it until the end of the world as long as the name of our Lord Jesus Christ is invoked there, whether Carthage lie desolate or whether it some day rise glorious again". When in the 19th century the residential see of Carthage was for a while restored, Cardinal
964:
among those five, there was jealousy and contention. However, he congratulated the bishops to whom he wrote for submitting the question to the Bishop of Rome, whose consent was required for a definitive decision. The first of the two letters (Letter 83 of the collection) is addressed to Thomas, Bishop of Africa, whom
Mesnages deduces to have been the bishop of Carthage. The other letter (Letter 84 of the collection) is addressed to Bishops Petrus and Ioannes, whose sees are not mentioned, and whom the pope congratulates for having supported the rights of the see of Carthage.
1060:, the Church was unable to appoint a bishop which traditionally would have only required presence of three other bishops. This was likely due to persecutions and possibly other churches breaking off their communion with Carthage. In 1152, the Muslim rulers ordered the Christians of Tunisia to convert or face death. The only African bishopric mentioned in a list in 1192 published by the Catholic Church in Rome was that of Carthage. Native Christianity is attested in the 15th century, though it was not in communion in with the Catholic church.
660:
628:
640:
61:
756:. Augustine maintained that the unworthiness of a minister did not affect the validity of the sacraments because their true minister was Christ. In his sermons and books Augustine, who is considered a leading exponent of Christian dogma, evolved a theory of the right of orthodox Christian rulers to use force against schismatics and heretics. Although the dispute was resolved by a decision of an imperial commission in the
3004:
3792:
521:
1874:
1625:
1586:
804:. He was opposed by Donatus Magnus and, after his exile and death, by Parmenianus, whom the Donatists chose as his successor. Restitutus accepted the Arian formula at the Council of Rimini in 359 but later repented. Genethlius presided over two councils at Carthage, the second of which was held in 390.
986:
wrote him a letter of consolation, repeating the hopeful assurances of the primacy of the Church of
Carthage, "whether the Church of Carthage should still lie desolate or rise again in glory". By 1076, Cyriacus was set free, but there was only one other bishop in the province. These are the last of
963:
about who was to be considered the metropolitan, with the right to convoke a synod. In each of the two letters, the pope laments that, while in the past
Carthage had had a church council of 205 bishops, the number of bishops in the whole territory of Africa was now reduced to five, and that, even
2183:(7 volumes : Tertullien et les origines – saint Cyprien et son temps – le IV, d'Arnobe à Victorin – le Donatisme – saint Optat et les premiers écrivains donatistes – la littérature donatiste au temps de saint Augustin – saint Augustin et le donatisme), Paris, Ernest Leroux, 1920.
1978:
nec pro aliquo episcopo in tota Africa potest perdere privilegium semel susceptum a sancta Romana et apostolica sede: sed obtinebit illud usque in finem saeculi, et donec in ea invocabitur nomen Domini nostri Iesu
Christi, sive deserta iaceat Carthago, sive gloriosa resurgat
703:. The provincial primacy was associated with the senior bishop in the province rather than with a particular see and was of little importance in comparison to the authority of the bishop of Carthage, who could be appealed to directly by the clergy of any province.
735:
controversy began in 313 among
Christians in North Africa. The Donatists stressed the holiness of the church and refused to accept the authority to administer the sacraments of those who had surrendered the scriptures when they were forbidden under the Emperor
747:
The occasionally violent controversy has been characterized as a struggle between opponents and supporters of the Roman system. The most articulate North
African critic of the Donatist position, which came to be called a heresy, was
1800:
Gams "ignored a number of scattered dissertations which would have rectified, on a multitude of points, his uncertain chronology" and
Leclercq suggests that "larger information must be sought in extensive documentary works."
1007:
of
Christian appears to have been quick and the Arab authors paid scant attention to them. Christian graves inscribed with Latin and dated to 10th–11th centuries are known. By the end of 10th century, the number of
1027:
Some primary accounts including Arabic ones in 10th century mention persecutions of the Church and measures undertaken by Muslim rulers to suppress it. A schism among the
African churches developed by the time of
652:
407:
3447:
3040:
3512:
3263:
2623:
2978:
768:
The immediate successors of
Cyprian were Lucianus and Carpophorus, but there is disagreement about which of the two was earlier. A bishop Cyrus, mentioned in a lost work by
3746:
942:
At the beginning of the 8th century and at the end of the 9th, Carthage still appears in lists of dioceses over which the Patriarch of Alexandria claimed jurisdiction.
3356:
1605:. Description de l'Afrique du Nord. Musées et collections archéologiques de l'Algérie et de la Tunisie (in French). Vol. 17. Paris: E. Leroux. pp. 1–19.
2277:
1851:
2737:
1067:
Lope Fernandez de Ain was made the head of the Church of Africa, the only church officially allowed to preach in the continent, on 19 December 1246 by Pope
979:
had these words inscribed in letters of gold beneath the dome of his great cathedral. The building now belongs the Tunisian state and is used for concerts.
3033:
1804:
3491:
3378:
2299:
3504:
3345:
3289:
3215:
3199:
2226:
3409:
3305:
2517:
3577:
3229:
858:
was ordained bishop of Carthage. He died at the end of 457 or the beginning of 458, and Carthage remained without a bishop for another 24 years.
3282:
3195:
3026:
2587:
607:
and her companions in 203 mentions an Optatus who is generally taken to have been bishop of Carthage, but who may instead have been bishop of
3390:
3222:
2408:
967:
In each of the two letters, Pope Leo declares that, after the Bishop of Rome, the first archbishop and chief metropolitan of the whole of
3487:
3475:
2611:
2599:
2477:
1395:
1363:
1053:
920:
500:
20:
3569:
3415:
3394:
2336:
2049:
976:
19:
This article is about the ancient archdiocese active until the Islamic occupation (except revival 1884–1964). For its successor, see
3560:
3273:
2270:
2131:
2103:
1428:
911:
in 553 by the bishop of Tunis. Publianus was bishop of Carthage from before 566 to after 581. Dominicus is mentioned in letters of
553:
3817:
3370:
2396:
908:
3694:
3678:
3606:
3456:
3424:
3335:
3252:
3184:
3168:
2951:
2414:
2352:
2343:
2168:
Byzantine Rome and the Greek Popes: Eastern influences on Rome and the papacy from Gregory the Great to Zacharias, A.D. 590–752
982:
Later, an archbishop of Carthage named Cyriacus was imprisoned by the Arab rulers because of an accusation by some Christians.
892:
251:
907:, where he died. He was replaced by Primosus, who accepted the emperor's wishes on the controversy. He was represented at the
175:
3720:
3686:
3665:
3125:
2807:
2426:
2159:
996:
932:
481:
124:
3646:
2213:
2061:
1949:
772:, is placed by some before, by others after, the time of Cyprian. There is greater certainty about the 4th-century bishops:
842:
in 431 as chief bishop of Africa, he sent his deacon Basula or Bessula to represent him. In about 437, he was succeeded by
3822:
3313:
2966:
2402:
1375:
1355:
827:
671:
In the 3rd century, at the time of Cyprian, the bishops of Carthage exercised a real though not formalized primacy in the
1859:
2263:
2217:
2093:
855:
664:
3548:
1362:, albeit vacant. The equivalent contemporary entity for the historical geography in continuous operation would be the
3738:
3520:
900:
870:
in Gaul, where he died. When the Vandal persecution ended in 523, Bonifacius became bishop of Carthage and held a
3752:
3634:
2973:
871:
801:
757:
725:
489:
1889:
A history of the Christian councils from the original documents, to the close of the council of Nicaea, A.D. 325
454:" and "the founder of Western theology." Carthage remained an important center of Christianity, hosting several
3732:
3640:
3619:
2470:
2420:
1748:
838:
Capreolus was bishop of Carthage when the Vandals conquered the province. Unable for that reason to attend the
485:
395:
387:
949:
on 27 December 1053 show that the diocese of Carthage was still a residential see. The texts are given in the
1991:
818:, who in 421 presided over another council at Carthage and was still alive in 426. His Donatist opponent was
3701:
3586:
3325:
3090:
2721:
2347:
1892:. Vol. 1. Translated by William R. Clark (2nd ed.). Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark. pp. 93–98.
1701:
1596:
1513:
1176:
968:
960:
781:
344:
136:
1222:
1189:
3708:
3653:
3297:
2983:
2961:
2733:
2552:
2547:
2370:
2361:
2013:
1782:
1638:
1271:
1214:
1095:
912:
659:
612:
262:
168:
499:. It was briefly restored as a residential episcopal see 1884–1964, after which it was supplanted by the
3007:
2542:
2460:
2319:
2202:
1997:
1883:
1836:
1809:
1643:
1158:
819:
744:
in church affairs in contrast to the majority of Christians who welcomed official imperial recognition.
2497:
2356:
959:. They were written in reply to consultations regarding a conflict between the bishops of Carthage and
1666:
Handl, András; Dupont, Anthony. "Who was Agrippinus? Identifying the First Known Bishop of Carthage".
3399:
3349:
3329:
3242:
3205:
3071:
2997:
2956:
2716:
2487:
2455:
1778:
1390:
1380:
1335:
1276:
1256:
1202:
1181:
888:
859:
815:
713:
672:
588:
496:
455:
427:
423:
379:
141:
77:
1523:
3796:
2926:
2537:
1945:
1634:
1423:. Facts on File library of world history (Rev. ed.). New York: Facts On File. pp. 97–98.
1208:
1194:
1104:
1045:
1021:
741:
1830:
1493:
683:
in the broadest sense (even when it was divided into three provinces through the establishment of
327:
was the first named bishop, around 230 AD. The temporal importance of the city of Carthage in the
3627:
3118:
3101:
2783:
2693:
2681:
2658:
2522:
2432:
2374:
1683:
1340:
1064:
839:
797:
769:
749:
711:
Cyprian faced opposition within his own diocese over the question of the proper treatment of the
680:
540:
451:
286:
2196:
830:, a relative of Donatus, resulted in the largest Maximian schism within the Donatist movement.
627:
3246:
2155:
2127:
2099:
1893:
1790:
1760:
1730:
1648:
1606:
1424:
1385:
1086:
1049:
972:
951:
784:
and who was opposed by the Donatist bishop Majorinus (311–315). Rufus participated in an anti-
600:
596:
584:
504:
356:
120:
116:
112:
82:
1887:
1752:
1543:
1416:
1163:
3771:
3063:
2815:
2604:
2580:
2532:
2095:
Thirteenth Century England XIV: Proceedings of the Aberystwyth and Lampeter Conference, 2011
1935:
Primus archiepiscopus et totius Africae maximus metropolitanus est Carthaginiensis episcopus
1675:
1241:
1057:
983:
692:
592:
539:
extensively in his theological writings. As such, Tertullian has been called "the father of
450:
extensively in his theological writings. As such, Tertullian has been called "the father of
348:
347:, Carthage became its natural ecclesiastical seat. Carthage subsequently exercised informal
108:
1877:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1722:
1628:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1589:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from this source, which is in the
639:
3163:
3081:
2883:
2840:
2830:
2825:
2778:
2772:
2708:
2628:
1787:
Series episcoporum ecclesiae catholicae : quotquot innotuerunt a beato Petro Apostolo
1600:
1359:
1000:
916:
904:
507:, remained in office until 1979. Subsequent to this, the titular see has remained vacant.
383:
360:
216:
60:
1990:
1517:
2180:
Histoire littéraire de l'Afrique chrétienne depuis les origines jusqu'à l'invasion arabe
1487:
2865:
2835:
2820:
2762:
2752:
2687:
2670:
2512:
2365:
1147:
793:
676:
608:
604:
568:
536:
447:
431:
399:
340:
309:
104:
3811:
3776:
3146:
2900:
2757:
2640:
2562:
2502:
2465:
2174:
2075:"citing Mohamed Talbi, "Le Christianisme maghrébin", in M. Gervers & R. Bikhazi,
1878:
1687:
1629:
1590:
1029:
789:
332:
807:
By the end of the 4th century, the settled areas had become Christianized, and some
615:
around the 230s. Also historically certain is Donatus, the immediate predecessor of
3109:
3067:
3053:
3049:
2888:
2860:
2790:
2482:
2447:
2326:
2294:
2286:
1235:
1033:
1004:
896:
843:
753:
688:
435:
391:
372:
328:
320:
279:
241:
231:
100:
2121:
1912:
1852:"First synods at Carthage and Rome on account of Novatianism and the Lapsi (251)"
667:, the largest church building in Carthage, ornamented with more than 100 columns.
375:, the leading Bishop and metropolitan for all Africa is the Bishop of Carthage."
3018:
2946:
2920:
2913:
2906:
2893:
2878:
2873:
2592:
2575:
2527:
2178:
1131:
1111:
1068:
1017:
946:
823:
777:
580:
474:
470:
419:
352:
2062:
Ancient African Christianity: An Introduction to a Unique Context and Tradition
461:
In the 6th century, turbulent controversies in teachings affected the diocese:
2767:
2648:
1829:
1679:
1559:
Gonzáles, Justo L. (2010). "The Early Church to the Dawn of the Reformation".
1469:
1037:
1009:
737:
700:
524:
411:
403:
368:
16:
Former Latin Catholic diocese established in Roman Carthage, now a titular see
2241:
2228:
1897:
1794:
1764:
1734:
1610:
862:
was consecrated in around 481, exiled, along with other Catholic bishops, by
190:
177:
3791:
3532:
3139:
2795:
1137:
773:
575:
In Christian traditions, some accounts give as the first bishop of Carthage
364:
224:
2195:
1652:
371:
confirmed the primacy of the bishop of Carthage in 446: "Indeed, after the
492:. The last resident bishop, Cyriacus of Carthage, was documented in 1076.
3179:
2616:
2570:
2507:
2331:
2315:
1706:
1227:
1141:
847:
785:
732:
684:
576:
564:
466:
462:
336:
324:
316:
161:
151:
66:
3536:
2664:
2653:
2492:
1013:
863:
808:
721:
696:
616:
556:
532:
528:
520:
443:
439:
415:
312:
128:
1729:(in French). Vol. 1. Rennes: impr. de Oberthur. pp. 73–100.
760:, Donatist communities continued to exist as late as the 6th century.
552:
2675:
1789:(in Latin). Graz: Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt. p. 463.
1041:
899:
533–534. Bonifacius was succeeded by Reparatus, who held firm in the
851:
359:, corresponding to most of today's Mediterranean coast and inland of
2074:
1563:. Vol. 1. New York: HarperCollins Publishers. pp. 91–93.
956:
658:
638:
626:
611:. The first certain historically documented bishop of Carthage is
551:
519:
355:, being the most important center of Christianity in the whole of
3159:
2323:
1759:. Vol. 1. Brescia: ex officina Bettoniana. pp. 48–58.
987:
whom there is mention in that period of the history of the see.
867:
720:
More than eighty bishops, some from distant frontier regions of
717:
who had fallen away from the Christian faith under persecution.
3022:
2259:
2255:
1950:"L'episcopus Gummitanus et la primauté de l'évêque de Carthage"
3513:
Assyrian Church of the East Patriarchate of Seleucia-Ctesiphon
3363:
488:. The episcopal see remained but Christianity declined under
477:. Some proponents established their own parallel hierarchies.
3521:
Ancient Church of the East Patriarchate of Seleucia-Ctesiphon
1044:
declared the bishop of Carthage as the "first archbishop and
651:) in Carthage, where inscription has been found dedicated to
3074:
legacy and branched where multiple denominational claimants:
854:. A 15-year vacancy followed, and it was only in 454 that
796:, the true founder of Donatism. Gratus (344– ) was at the
1016:
region was 47 including 10 in southern Tunisia. In 1053,
339:. When Christianity became firmly established around the
923:(641 to 653). Victor became bishop of Carthage in 646.
895:
after the reconquest of northwestern Africa during the
430:(died 505). Tertullian and Cyprian are both considered
3550:
Catholicos of All Armenians (Patriarch of Etchmiadzin)
1602:
L'Afrique chrétienne : évêchés et ruines antiques
1535:
1533:
866:
in 484, recalled in 487, but in 491 forced to flee to
764:
Successors of Cyprian until before the Vandal invasion
731:
A division in the church that came to be known as the
495:
In 1518, the Archdiocese of Carthage was revived as a
408:
Saint Perpetua, Saint Felicitas, and their Companions
915:
between 592 and 601. Fortunius lived at the time of
3764:
3719:
3664:
3605:
3531:
3486:
3446:
3439:
3389:
3324:
3241:
3194:
3158:
3138:
3117:
2979:
Conference of the Latin Bishops of the Arab Regions
2939:
2853:
2806:
2745:
2732:
2707:
2639:
2561:
2446:
2383:
2308:
2293:
919:(c. 640) and went to Constantinople in the time of
285:
275:
270:
257:
247:
237:
222:
212:
207:
167:
157:
147:
135:
95:
90:
28:
1171:Parmenianus (c. 350×355 – c. 391), Donatist bishop
2077:Indigenous Christian Communities in Islamic Lands
2001:. Vol. 9. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1840:. Vol. 3. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1707:Enciclopedia Italiana di scienze, lettere ed arti
1489:The Church of the Early Fathers: External History
1020:commented that only five bishoprics were left in
1354:Today, the Archdiocese of Carthage remains as a
1032:. In 980, Christians of Carthage contacted Pope
740:. The Donatists also opposed the involvement of
531:descent, was instrumental in the development of
442:descent, was instrumental in the development of
1647:. Vol. 2. New York: Macmillan. col. 1300.
999:, the church gradually died out along with the
971:is the bishop of Carthage, while the bishop of
1823:
1821:
3034:
2271:
2214:Les racines africaines du christianisme latin
8:
3467:
3062:Traditional ecclesiastical jurisdictions of
2152:Le christianisme en Afrique du Nord ancienne
1447:. (New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1913).
826:in about 391. A dispute between Primian and
3740:Ethiopian Orthodox Patriarchate of Ethiopia
2092:Olga Cecilia Méndez González (April 2013).
1753:"Africa Christiana: in tres partes tributa"
1710:(in Italian). 1931 – via treccani.it.
35:
3443:
3379:Coptic Catholic Patriarchate of Alexandria
3358:Coptic Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria
3155:
3135:
3041:
3027:
3019:
2803:
2742:
2558:
2305:
2278:
2264:
2256:
1992:"Charles-Martial-Allemand Lavigerie"
1554:
1552:
1460:(James Clarke & Co, 25 Dec. 2014) p86.
59:
25:
3754:Eritrean Orthodox Patriarchate of Eritrea
3505:Chaldean Catholic Patriarchate of Baghdad
3346:Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria
3216:Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople
1580:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1570:
788:council held in Rome in 337 or 340 under
3410:Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem
3306:Melkite Catholic Patriarchate of Antioch
1539:
1492:. Longmans, Green and Company. pp.
543:" and "the founder of Western theology."
402:, possibly a local use of the primitive
363:. As such, it enjoyed honorary title of
3579:Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople
3298:Syriac Catholic Patriarchate of Antioch
3265:Syriac Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch
3231:Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople
1508:
1506:
1407:
378:The Church of Carthage thus was to the
3283:Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch
1911:(Contractus), Hermannus (2008-08-20).
1150:(c. 313 – c. 350×355), Donatist bishop
1637:; Black, J. Sutherland, eds. (1903).
776:, bishop by 303, succeeded in 311 by
7:
3647:Serbian Orthodox Patriarchate of Peć
3223:Latin Patriarchate of Constantinople
1668:Church History and Religious Culture
1287:Primosus or Primasius (552 – c. 565)
2040:(James Clarke & Co, 2011) p200.
1954:Bibliothèque de l'école des chartes
1443:Herbermann, Charles, ed. "Africa".
1396:Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tunis
1364:Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tunis
921:Patriarch Paul II of Constantinople
527:(c. 155–240), a theologian of part
501:Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tunis
438:. Tertullian, a theologian of part
65:Early Christian quarter in ancient
21:Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tunis
3571:Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem
3417:Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem
2337:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
2038:Early Christianity in North Africa
1727:Géographie de l'Afrique chrétienne
1458:Early Christianity in North Africa
977:Charles-Martial-Allemand Lavigerie
653:Saint Perpetua and Saint Felicitas
603:. The account of the martyrdom of
14:
3562:Armenian Catholicosate of Cilicia
3468:Latin Catholic titular episcopate
3275:Armenian Catholicosate of Cilicia
2126:. Dalcassian Publishing Company.
2064:By David E. Wilhite, page 332-334
2018:. Oxford: Blackwells. p. 117
480:The city of Carthage fell to the
3790:
3371:Latin Patriarchate of Alexandria
3003:
3002:
2015:Life and Letters in Roman Africa
1995:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
1872:
1834:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
1623:
1584:
1421:Encyclopedia of the Roman Empire
1048:of all Africa" when a bishop of
1036:, asking to declare Jacob as an
909:Second Council of Constantinople
331:had previously been restored by
3695:Patriarchate of the East Indies
3679:Patriarchate of the West Indies
3425:Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem
3070:, sorted according to earliest
2952:Latin Church in the Middle East
2120:Curtin, D. P. (February 2020).
1831:"Archdiocese of Carthage"
893:praetorian prefecture of Africa
883:Praetorian prefecture of Africa
811:tribes had converted en masse.
503:. The last titular archbishop,
3687:Latin Patriarchate of Ethiopia
997:Muslim conquest of the Maghreb
933:Muslim conquest of the Maghreb
482:Muslim conquest of the Maghreb
367:as well as primate of Africa:
125:French protectorate of Tunisia
85:(last titular archbishop 1979)
1:
3314:Latin Patriarchate of Antioch
2079:; Toronto, 1990; pp. 344–345"
1376:North Africa during Antiquity
1117:Fortunatus (252), anti-bishop
631:Ruins of the Basilica called
535:, and was the first to apply
446:, and was the first to apply
94:
37:Archidioecesis Carthaginensis
2197:"Early African Church"
2166:Ekonomou, Andrew J. (2007).
1828:Hassett, Maurice M. (1908).
665:Basilica of Damous El Karita
561:Thascius Caecilius Cyprianus
2050:Der Nahe und Mittlere Osten
1989:Sollier, Joseph F. (1910).
927:Islamic conquest of Mahgreb
691:), but also, in some supra-
571:, died in martyrdom in 258.
390:. The archdiocese used the
3839:
1917:, vol. 143, coll. 727–731"
1721:Toulotte, Anatole (1892).
1519:The Dictionary of Religion
1498:church of africa carthage.
1290:Publianus (fl. c. 565–581)
930:
901:Three Chapters Controversy
583:, or Speratus, one of the
18:
3785:
3060:
2992:
2974:Eastern Catholic Churches
1803:Leclercq, Henri (1909). "
1749:Morcelli, Stefano Antonio
1680:10.1163/18712428-09803001
1561:The Story of Christianity
1217:(c. 392), Donatist bishop
1211:(c. 391), Donatist bishop
1125:Carpophorus (3rd century)
903:and in 551 was exiled to
834:Bishops under the Vandals
802:Council of Carthage (349)
758:Council of Carthage (411)
726:Council of Carthage (256)
695:form, over the Church in
406:. Famous figures include
73:
58:
54:
49:
45:
3635:Patriarchate of Bulgaria
3620:Patriarchate of Aquileia
2194:Leclercq, Henri (1907).
1486:Plummer, Alfred (1887).
1415:Bunson, Matthew (2002).
486:Battle of Carthage (698)
396:Western liturgical rites
388:Catholic Church in Italy
80:(last residing ca. 1070)
3818:Archdiocese of Carthage
3797:Christianity portal
3749:(1992–2018; since 2019)
3733:Patriarchate of Romania
3641:Patriarchate of Georgia
3587:Patriarchate of Cilicia
3091:Eastern Orthodox Church
2722:Liturgical use of Latin
2348:Pierbattista Pizzaballa
2123:Letter to Pope Theodore
2012:Bouchier, E.S. (1913).
1366:, established in 1884.
1293:Dominicus (fl. 592–601)
850:exiled and who died in
782:First Council of Nicaea
302:Archdiocese of Carthage
137:Ecclesiastical province
30:Archdiocese of Carthage
3709:Patriarchate of Lisbon
3702:Patriarchate of Moscow
3654:Patriarchate of Venice
2984:Western Rite Orthodoxy
2624:Santiago de Compostela
2553:1983 Code of Canon Law
2528:Protestant Reformation
2471:Historical development
2154:, Seuil, Paris, 1996 (
2052:By Heinz Halm, page 99
1122:Lucianus (3rd century)
1052:declared the region a
913:Pope Gregory the Great
800:and presided over the
668:
656:
643:Ruins of the Basilica
636:
572:
544:
323:, in the 2nd century.
263:In partibus infidelium
36:
3628:Patriarchate of Grado
3290:Maronite Patriarchate
2998:Doctors of the Church
2461:History of the papacy
2320:Patriarch of the West
2242:36.80028°N 10.17889°E
2203:Catholic Encyclopedia
1998:Catholic Encyclopedia
1837:Catholic Encyclopedia
1810:Catholic Encyclopedia
1779:Gams, Pius Bonifacius
1644:Encyclopaedia Biblica
1445:Catholic Encyclopedia
938:Last resident bishops
931:Further information:
662:
642:
635:, discovered in 1915.
630:
555:
523:
3823:Western Christianity
3747:Patriarchate of Kyiv
2717:Ecclesiastical Latin
2488:Early African church
2456:Apostolic succession
2220:, Archevêque d'Alger
1946:Mas-Latrie, Louis de
1805:Pius Bonifacius Gams
1522:. Cassell. pp.
1391:Councils of Carthage
1381:Early African church
1168:(fl. 343/4–345×348)
889:Eastern Roman Empire
822:, who had succeeded
814:The next bishop was
792:. He was opposed by
673:Early African Church
589:Epenetus of Carthage
533:trinitarian theology
497:Catholic titular see
456:councils of Carthage
444:trinitarian theology
432:Latin Church Fathers
428:Eugenius of Carthage
380:Early African church
304:, also known as the
142:Early African church
78:Cyriacus of Carthage
3476:Archbishop of Tunis
2927:Pre-Tridentine Mass
2538:Counter-Reformation
2300:order of precedence
2238: /
1884:Hefele, Karl J. von
1296:Licinianus (d. 602)
1284:Reparatus (535–552)
1128:Cyrus (3rd century)
1080:Crescentius (c. 80)
742:Emperor Constantine
557:Cyprian of Carthage
394:, a variant of the
345:Africa Proconsulare
191:36.8528°N 10.3233°E
187: /
3492:Seleucia-Ctesiphon
3103:Oriental Orthodoxy
2784:Extraordinary form
2694:Isidore of Seville
2682:Augustine of Hippo
2659:Hilary of Poitiers
2375:Francesco Moraglia
2357:Filipe Neri Ferrão
2247:36.80028; 10.17889
2170:. Lexington Books.
840:Council of Ephesus
798:Council of Sardica
681:Proconsular Africa
675:. not only in the
669:
657:
637:
573:
545:
541:Latin Christianity
452:Latin Christianity
306:Church of Carthage
287:Titular archbishop
3805:
3804:
3601:
3600:
3597:
3596:
3435:
3434:
3016:
3015:
2935:
2934:
2849:
2848:
2703:
2702:
2442:
2441:
2150:François Decret,
2036:François Decret,
1915:Patrologia Latina
1871:Transcribed from
1757:Africa christiana
1635:Cheyne, Thomas K.
1597:Toulotte, Anatole
1595:Mesnage, Joseph;
1456:François Decret,
1386:Primate of Africa
1238:(c. 437 – c. 454)
1101:Donatus I (?–248)
1083:Epenetus (c. 115)
1065:bishop of Morocco
1056:. By the time of
1050:Gummi in Byzacena
952:Patrologia Latina
780:, who was at the
601:seventy disciples
597:Pseudo-Hippolytus
585:Scillitan Martyrs
505:Agostino Casaroli
298:
297:
121:Fatimid Caliphate
117:Abbasid Caliphate
113:Umayyad Caliphate
83:Agostino Casaroli
3830:
3795:
3794:
3772:Apostolic Throne
3755:
3741:
3726:
3671:
3666:Early Modern era
3612:
3580:
3572:
3563:
3551:
3541:
3497:
3460:
3444:
3418:
3403:
3359:
3339:
3276:
3266:
3256:
3232:
3209:
3172:
3156:
3152:
3136:
3132:
3104:
3099:
3088:
3043:
3036:
3029:
3020:
3006:
3005:
2816:Benedictine Rite
2804:
2743:
2734:Liturgical rites
2559:
2533:Council of Trent
2518:Age of Discovery
2498:East–West Schism
2306:
2280:
2273:
2266:
2257:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2248:
2243:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2234:
2231:
2212:
2207:
2199:
2171:
2138:
2137:
2117:
2111:
2109:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2071:
2065:
2059:
2053:
2047:
2041:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2009:
2003:
2002:
1994:
1986:
1980:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1942:
1936:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1923:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1876:
1875:
1870:
1868:
1867:
1858:. Archived from
1848:
1842:
1841:
1833:
1825:
1816:
1814:
1798:
1775:
1769:
1768:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1698:
1692:
1691:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1627:
1626:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1588:
1587:
1582:
1565:
1564:
1556:
1547:
1537:
1528:
1527:
1510:
1501:
1500:
1483:
1477:
1467:
1461:
1454:
1448:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1412:
1344:
1280:
1231:
1198:
1185:
1167:
1140:(312 – c. 313),
984:Pope Gregory VII
891:established its
856:Saint Deogratias
633:of Saint Cyprian
593:Pseudo-Dorotheus
548:Earliest bishops
426:(died 429), and
202:
201:
199:
198:
197:
196:36.8528; 10.3233
192:
188:
185:
184:
183:
180:
131:
109:Byzantine Empire
63:
39:
26:
3838:
3837:
3833:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3828:
3827:
3808:
3807:
3806:
3801:
3789:
3781:
3760:
3753:
3739:
3724:
3723:
3721:Late Modern era
3715:
3669:
3668:
3660:
3610:
3609:
3593:
3578:
3570:
3561:
3549:
3539:
3527:
3495:
3494:
3482:
3454:
3431:
3416:
3397:
3385:
3357:
3333:
3332:
3320:
3274:
3264:
3250:
3249:
3237:
3230:
3203:
3202:
3190:
3166:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3142:
3130:
3129:
3123:
3120:
3113:
3102:
3094:
3086:
3082:Catholic Church
3075:
3056:
3047:
3017:
3012:
2988:
2931:
2921:Missa Venatoria
2845:
2841:Norbertine Rite
2831:Cistercian Rite
2826:Carthusian Rite
2802:
2779:Tridentine Mass
2775:(Ordinary form)
2773:Mass of Paul VI
2738:Liturgical days
2736:
2728:
2699:
2635:
2557:
2438:
2379:
2340:
2297:
2289:
2284:
2246:
2244:
2240:
2237:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2224:
2210:
2193:
2190:
2165:
2147:
2142:
2141:
2134:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2106:
2098:. Orbis Books.
2091:
2090:
2086:
2073:
2072:
2068:
2060:
2056:
2048:
2044:
2035:
2031:
2021:
2019:
2011:
2010:
2006:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1977:
1973:
1963:
1961:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1934:
1930:
1921:
1919:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1882:
1873:
1865:
1863:
1850:
1849:
1845:
1827:
1826:
1819:
1802:
1799:
1777:
1776:
1772:
1747:
1746:
1742:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1700:
1699:
1695:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1633:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1594:
1585:
1583:
1568:
1558:
1557:
1550:
1538:
1531:
1514:Benham, William
1512:
1511:
1504:
1485:
1484:
1480:
1468:
1464:
1455:
1451:
1442:
1438:
1431:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1404:
1372:
1360:Catholic Church
1352:
1338:
1322:James (974×983)
1274:
1225:
1192:
1179:
1161:
1155:Rufus (337×340)
1110:Maximus (251),
1077:
1075:List of bishops
993:
945:Two letters of
940:
935:
929:
917:Pope Theodore I
885:
880:
836:
766:
724:, attended the
709:
625:
550:
518:
513:
422:(floruit 311),
410:(died c. 203),
361:Northern Africa
315:established in
217:Catholic Church
195:
193:
189:
186:
181:
178:
176:
174:
173:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
81:
76:
69:
40:
32:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3836:
3834:
3826:
3825:
3820:
3810:
3809:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3799:
3786:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3779:
3774:
3768:
3766:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3758:
3750:
3744:
3736:
3729:
3727:
3717:
3716:
3714:
3713:
3705:
3699:
3691:
3683:
3674:
3672:
3662:
3661:
3659:
3658:
3650:
3644:
3638:
3632:
3624:
3615:
3613:
3603:
3602:
3599:
3598:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3591:
3583:
3575:
3567:
3556:
3555:
3544:
3542:
3529:
3528:
3526:
3525:
3517:
3509:
3500:
3498:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3480:
3472:
3463:
3461:
3441:
3437:
3436:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3429:
3421:
3413:
3406:
3404:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3383:
3375:
3367:
3353:
3342:
3340:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3318:
3310:
3302:
3294:
3286:
3280:
3270:
3259:
3257:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3235:
3227:
3219:
3212:
3210:
3200:Constantinople
3192:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3175:
3173:
3153:
3133:
3115:
3114:
3108:italic blue =
3061:
3058:
3057:
3048:
3046:
3045:
3038:
3031:
3023:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3010:
3000:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2970:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2949:
2943:
2941:
2937:
2936:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2924:
2917:
2910:
2903:
2898:
2897:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2868:
2866:Aquileian Rite
2863:
2857:
2855:
2851:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2843:
2838:
2836:Dominican Rite
2833:
2828:
2823:
2821:Carmelite Rite
2818:
2812:
2810:
2801:
2800:
2799:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2787:
2786:
2776:
2765:
2763:Mozarabic Rite
2760:
2755:
2753:Ambrosian Rite
2749:
2747:
2740:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2726:
2725:
2724:
2713:
2711:
2705:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2697:
2691:
2688:Pope Gregory I
2685:
2679:
2673:
2671:Pope Damasus I
2668:
2662:
2656:
2651:
2645:
2643:
2641:Church Fathers
2637:
2636:
2634:
2633:
2632:
2631:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2609:
2608:
2607:
2597:
2596:
2595:
2585:
2584:
2583:
2578:
2567:
2565:
2563:Apostolic sees
2556:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2513:Western Schism
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2474:
2473:
2468:
2458:
2452:
2450:
2444:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2436:
2430:
2424:
2418:
2412:
2409:Constantinople
2406:
2400:
2394:
2387:
2385:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2377:
2368:
2359:
2350:
2341:
2312:
2310:
2303:
2291:
2290:
2285:
2283:
2282:
2275:
2268:
2260:
2222:
2221:
2218:Henri Teissier
2208:
2206:. Vol. 1.
2189:
2188:External links
2186:
2185:
2184:
2172:
2163:
2146:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2132:
2112:
2110:, page 103-104
2104:
2084:
2066:
2054:
2042:
2029:
2004:
1981:
1971:
1937:
1928:
1903:
1886:, ed. (1894).
1856:cristoraul.com
1843:
1817:
1813:. Vol. 6.
1770:
1740:
1713:
1693:
1658:
1616:
1566:
1548:
1529:
1502:
1478:
1462:
1449:
1436:
1429:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1371:
1368:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1333:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1318:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1303:
1302:Victor (646–?)
1300:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1281:(523 – c. 535)
1268:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1253:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1239:
1233:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1212:
1205:(fl. 393–426)
1200:
1187:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1151:
1145:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1102:
1099:
1093:
1090:
1084:
1081:
1076:
1073:
992:
989:
939:
936:
928:
925:
884:
881:
879:
876:
872:Council in 525
860:Saint Eugenius
835:
832:
816:Saint Aurelius
794:Donatus Magnus
765:
762:
708:
705:
677:Roman province
624:
621:
609:Thuburbo Minus
605:Saint Perpetua
579:, ordained by
549:
546:
537:Latin language
517:
514:
512:
509:
448:Latin language
424:Saint Aurelius
418:(c. 200–258),
414:(c. 155–240),
400:Latin language
384:Church of Rome
341:Roman province
310:Latin Catholic
296:
295:
289:
283:
282:
277:
273:
272:
268:
267:
259:
255:
254:
249:
245:
244:
239:
235:
234:
229:
220:
219:
214:
210:
209:
205:
204:
171:
165:
164:
159:
155:
154:
149:
145:
144:
139:
133:
132:
105:Vandal Kingdom
97:
93:
92:
88:
87:
71:
70:
64:
56:
55:
52:
51:
47:
46:
43:
42:
34:
29:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3835:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3815:
3813:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3787:
3784:
3778:
3777:Episcopal see
3775:
3773:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3763:
3756:
3751:
3748:
3745:
3742:
3737:
3734:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3722:
3718:
3711:
3710:
3706:
3703:
3700:
3697:
3696:
3692:
3689:
3688:
3684:
3681:
3680:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3667:
3663:
3656:
3655:
3651:
3648:
3645:
3642:
3639:
3636:
3633:
3630:
3629:
3625:
3622:
3621:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3608:
3604:
3589:
3588:
3584:
3581:
3576:
3573:
3568:
3565:
3564:
3558:
3557:
3553:
3552:
3546:
3545:
3543:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3523:
3522:
3518:
3515:
3514:
3510:
3507:
3506:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3493:
3489:
3485:
3478:
3477:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3458:
3453:
3449:
3445:
3442:
3438:
3427:
3426:
3422:
3419:
3414:
3411:
3408:
3407:
3405:
3401:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3381:
3380:
3376:
3373:
3372:
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2133:9781960069719
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1862:on 2014-07-20
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1521:
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1515:
1509:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
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1470:Leo the Great
1466:
1463:
1459:
1453:
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1446:
1440:
1437:
1432:
1430:9781438110271
1426:
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1232:(fl. 431–435)
1229:
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1199:(? – 390×393)
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1030:Pope Formosus
1025:
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1003:dialect. The
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787:
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647:(also called
646:
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569:Church Father
566:
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27:
22:
3757:(since 1994)
3743:(since 1959)
3735:(since 1925)
3725:(since 1789)
3712:(since 1716)
3707:
3704:(since 1589)
3698:(since 1572)
3693:
3685:
3682:(since 1524)
3677:
3670:(1517–1789)
3657:(since 1451)
3652:
3649:(since 1346)
3643:(since 1010)
3626:
3618:
3590:(since 1742)
3585:
3582:(since 1461)
3566:(since 1058)
3559:
3547:
3524:(since 1968)
3519:
3516:(since 1830)
3511:
3508:(since 1553)
3503:
3479:(since 1884)
3474:
3466:
3451:
3428:(since 1099)
3423:
3382:(since 1824)
3377:
3369:
3355:
3312:
3309:(since 1724)
3304:
3301:(since 1668)
3296:
3288:
3279:(since 1058)
3272:
3262:
3234:(since 1461)
3221:
3178:
3131:(30–325/476)
3121:Christianity
3110:Nestorianism
3107:
3095:
3080:
3076:
3068:Christianity
3054:Christianity
2967:Titular sees
2919:
2912:
2905:
2884:Hereford Use
2861:African Rite
2791:Anglican Use
2483:Great Church
2390:
2330:
2287:Latin Church
2223:
2201:
2179:
2167:
2151:
2145:Bibliography
2122:
2115:
2094:
2087:
2076:
2069:
2057:
2045:
2037:
2032:
2020:. Retrieved
2014:
2007:
1996:
1984:
1974:
1962:. Retrieved
1957:
1953:
1940:
1931:
1920:. Retrieved
1914:
1906:
1888:
1864:. Retrieved
1860:the original
1855:
1846:
1835:
1808:
1786:
1773:
1756:
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1726:
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1473:
1465:
1457:
1452:
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1439:
1420:
1410:
1353:
1265:sede vacante
1264:
1250:sede vacante
1249:
1236:Quodvultdeus
1062:
1046:metropolitan
1034:Benedict VII
1026:
1005:Islamization
994:
981:
966:
950:
944:
941:
897:Vandalic War
886:
844:Quodvultdeus
837:
813:
806:
767:
754:Hippo Regius
752:, bishop of
746:
730:
719:
712:
710:
693:metropolitan
689:Tripolitania
670:
648:
644:
632:
591:is found in
574:
563:, bishop of
560:
494:
479:
460:
436:Latin Church
392:African Rite
377:
373:Roman Bishop
357:Roman Africa
329:Roman Empire
321:Roman Empire
305:
301:
299:
291:
261:
242:African Rite
232:Latin Church
223:
213:Denomination
158:Headquarters
148:Metropolitan
101:Roman Empire
74:
33:
3690:(1555–1663)
3637:(since 919)
3607:Middle Ages
3574:(since 638)
3554:(since 301)
3471:(1518–1964)
3420:(since 638)
3412:(since 451)
3374:(1219–1964)
3317:(1099–1964)
3293:(since 685)
3285:(since 519)
3269:(since 518)
3226:(1204–1964)
3218:(since 330)
3098:light green
2947:Latin cross
2914:Missa sicca
2879:Durham Rite
2874:Celtic Rite
2429:(1555–1663)
2417:(1524–1963)
2415:West Indies
2411:(1204–1964)
2405:(1098–1964)
2399:(1276–1964)
2366:Rui Valério
2353:East Indies
2245: /
2211:(in French)
1702:"Cartagine"
1674:: 344–366.
1639:"Epaenetus"
1356:titular see
1350:Titular see
1339: [
1275: [
1244:(454–457/8)
1226: [
1193: [
1180: [
1162: [
1132:Caecilianus
1114:anti-bishop
1112:Novatianist
1069:Innocent IV
1058:Gregory VII
1018:Pope Leo IX
1001:local Latin
947:Pope Leo IX
878:Middle Ages
824:Parmenianus
778:Caecilianus
619:(249–258).
581:Saint Peter
490:persecution
475:Pelagianism
471:Manichaeism
420:Caecilianus
386:was to the
353:archdiocese
252:2nd century
248:Established
208:Information
194: /
169:Coordinates
3812:Categories
3631:(725–1451)
3623:(568–1751)
3611:(476–1517)
3496:(280–1552)
3330:Alexandria
3087:light blue
2768:Roman Rite
2649:Tertullian
2548:Vatican II
2435:(560–1451)
2423:(560–1751)
2397:Alexandria
2233:10°10′44″E
2230:36°48′01″N
2160:2020227746
2022:15 January
1964:15 January
1922:2019-01-17
1866:2014-08-29
1783:"Carthago"
1723:"Carthage"
1542:, p.
1417:"Carthage"
1402:References
1242:Deogratias
1215:Maximianus
1177:Restitutus
1148:Donatus II
1134:(311–325)
1107:(248–258)
1096:Agrippinus
1054:metropolis
1038:archbishop
1010:bishoprics
995:After the
738:Diocletian
701:Mauretania
649:of Meildfa
613:Agrippinus
525:Tertullian
412:Tertullian
404:Roman Rite
369:Pope Leo I
294:since 1979
271:Leadership
182:10°19′24″E
179:36°51′10″N
75:Incumbent:
3533:Patriarch
3488:Patriarch
3457:2nd cent.
3448:Patriarch
3395:Jerusalem
3391:Patriarch
3336:1st cent.
3326:Patriarch
3253:1st cent.
3243:Patriarch
3196:Patriarch
3185:1st cent.
3169:1st cent.
3160:Patriarch
3147:apostolic
3140:Pentarchy
3126:Antiquity
3077:bold blue
3072:apostolic
2889:Sarum Use
2796:Zaire Use
2543:Vatican I
2344:Jerusalem
1979:aliquando
1898:680510498
1795:895344169
1781:(1957) .
1765:680468850
1735:613240276
1688:195430375
1611:609155089
1299:Fortunius
1259:(481–505)
1223:Capreolus
1209:Primianus
1190:Geneclius
1138:Majorinus
820:Primianus
774:Mensurius
770:Augustine
750:Augustine
599:lists of
516:Antiquity
484:with the
382:what the
365:patriarch
258:Dissolved
225:Sui iuris
50:Bishopric
3452:Carthage
3180:Holy See
3064:primates
3008:Category
2940:See also
2894:York Use
2870:British
2709:Language
2617:Barnabas
2588:Syracuse
2523:Humanism
2508:Crusades
2427:Ethiopia
2421:Aquileia
2393:(?−1964)
2391:Carthage
2332:cathedra
1960:(44): 77
1948:(1883).
1751:(1816).
1599:(1912).
1516:(1887).
1370:See also
1336:Cyriacus
1272:Boniface
1257:Eugenius
1203:Aurelius
1142:Donatist
1098:(c. 240)
1087:Speratus
848:Gaiseric
828:Maximian
733:Donatist
707:Division
685:Byzacena
577:Crescens
565:Carthage
467:Arianism
463:Donatism
337:Augustus
325:Agrippin
317:Carthage
308:, was a
162:Carthage
152:Carthage
91:Location
67:Carthage
3765:Related
3537:Armenia
3362:(since
3348:(since
3247:Antioch
3183:(since
2996:* also
2854:Defunct
2746:Current
2665:Ambrose
2654:Cyprian
2493:Vulgate
2448:History
2403:Antioch
2384:Defunct
2327:Francis
2309:Current
1653:1084084
1474:Letters
1358:of the
1312:Stephen
1105:Cyprian
1014:Maghreb
1012:in the
991:Decline
864:Huneric
846:, whom
722:Numidia
697:Numidia
645:Majorum
623:Primacy
617:Cyprian
511:History
434:of the
416:Cyprian
349:primacy
313:diocese
280:Francis
266:in 1519
129:Tunisia
96:Country
3459:–1076)
2962:Turkey
2957:Latins
2808:Orders
2676:Jerome
2371:Venice
2362:Lisbon
2329:(with
2158:
2130:
2102:
1896:
1881::
1793:
1763:
1733:
1686:
1651:
1632::
1609:
1593::
1427:
1345:(1076)
1159:Gratus
1144:bishop
1042:Leo IX
1022:Africa
969:Africa
905:Pontus
852:Naples
809:Berber
529:Berber
473:, and
440:Berber
351:as an
292:Vacant
228:church
3540:(301)
3440:Other
3144:(five
3119:Early
3096:bold/
2629:James
2612:Milan
2600:Malta
2593:Peter
2576:Peter
2433:Grado
1684:S2CID
1343:]
1279:]
1230:]
1197:]
1186:(359)
1184:]
1166:]
1089:(180)
973:Gummi
961:Gummi
957:Migne
786:Arian
714:lapsi
3164:Rome
3149:sees
2605:Paul
2581:Paul
2571:Rome
2324:Pope
2322:'):
2316:Rome
2298:(by
2216:par
2156:ISBN
2128:ISBN
2100:ISBN
2024:2015
1966:2015
1894:OCLC
1791:OCLC
1761:OCLC
1731:OCLC
1649:OCLC
1607:OCLC
1524:1013
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