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679:. The physical bodies of the Thunder Beings killed by the lightning, including Unhcegila, also ended up being buried. The Sioux believe that earth has a history of four distinct ages. These events occurred during the Age of Rock. This portrayal of the thunderbirds may have been influenced by associations of fossils of the Cretaceous pterosaur
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that would later be nicknamed in her honor. The specimen made headlines when a dispute over ownership rights raged for more than five years. "Sue" was determined to rightfully belong to the owner of the property it was found on. The rancher put the specimen up for auction and was purchased by the
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fossils to summon bison herds. When used this way, the fossils are called "buffalo-calling stones" or
Iniskim. This practice derives from the complex shapes of the fossil's internal structure, which can sometimes bear shapes resembling buffalo. Iniskim have been discovered in South Dakota
505:, central and eastern South Dakota was still covered by the sea. The uplift responsible for the Black Hills continued to elevate their topography. As the Cenozoic continued, the sea shrank away from the state. In its place, grasslands formed and were roamed by herds of grazing mammals.
902:. Some of the fossils were so precariously located that the excavators had to use block and tackle to lower the fossils down from the tops of "slender pinnacles". The fossils were preserved in channel sandstones that had received little scientific attention prior to the expedition.
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In June 1947, South Dakota School of Mines sent another expedition into the
Badlands. They uncovered a wide variety of fossils preserved in the Oligocene White River Formation. Among the creatures discovered were rhinoceroses, saber-toothed cats, giant pig-like animals,
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in south-central South Dakota. The find was a 45-foot-long (14 m) articulated vertebral column, ribs, and teeth at the top of a high ridge. The men interpreted the remains as originating from a giant fish, but today scientists think the specimen was probably a
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period, sea levels again began to rise and fall. Marine life from this time included brachiopods and corals, but the rock record preserves evidence for local brackish and freshwater environments as well. The sea withdrew from the state altogether during the
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402:. They were fast swimmers who fed on contemporary small fish and cephalopods. Most short-necked plesiosaurs were relatively small, with body lengths of less than ten feet. However, one South Dakotan individual was 6–7 meters (20–23 ft) long.
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in South Dakota's Pierre Shale. The specimen was important because it preserved several juvenile skeletons inside its pelvic region. Similar fossils have been put forward as evidence of
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on an expedition into the badlands. They uncovered tons of fossils from at least 175 different species of
Oligocene life. The fossils were taken to the South Dakota School of Mines in
803:, which was discovered in the same general region as Prout's titanothere jaw. The government responded to these discoveries by dispatching an expedition into the area. In 1850 the
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published its "Bulletin No. 13". This publication summarized the results of all of the paleontological fieldwork done in the White River
Badlands. In 1877, the
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894:, which author Marian Murray has called "he best find" of the entire expedition. Only a few plant specimens were discovered, but these included fossil
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species are known from the
Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway deposits of South Dakota than other states, with rocks from the same environment like
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Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The
Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. 861 pp.
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mammal faunas in the world. More than 175 different kinds of animals were preserved from this time. The local mammals included three-toed
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to South Dakota. This means someone would have had to transport the bone for 800 miles from the place it was discovered. The
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588:. Contemporary birds also left behind bones and even an egg. These are significant because bird fossils are very rare.
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56:. South Dakota is an excellent source of fossils as finds have been widespread throughout the state. During the early
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scoured the state. As they melted, they deposited sediments that would preserve the fossil remains of creatures like
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is the largest known turtle in history. Its size is comparable to that of a small car. Also during the
Cretaceous,
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sites. Archaeological evidence exists for the buffalo-calling stone tradition that is at least 1,000 years old.
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McCarville, Kata, Gale Bishop, Dale
Springer, and Judy Scotchmoor. July 1, 2005. "South Dakota, US."
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peoples of the southwest, which may explain how the fossil ended up so far from its place of origin.
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deposits of the White River
Badlands was active for decades and still ongoing in 1920 when the
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as the sea gradually receded. The
Oligocene flora left behind few fossils, but among them were
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and shallow lakes and split by wide streams. Some of the local Oligocene wildlife left behind
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life left behind a rich trace fossil record. Paleozoic marine life of South Dakota included
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Mayor (2005); "The High Plains: Thunder Birds, Water Monsters, and Buffalo-Calling Stones".
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fossils are known from South Dakota, so the state's fossil record does not begin until the
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period, sedimentation resumed. The geologic record reveals that South Dakota was a moist
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preserves one of only seven Oligocene fossil tracksites in the western United States.
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890:. The team also uncovered some bird fossils, which are very rare. One of these was a
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discovered YPM 3000, the nearly complete and articulated type specimen of the giant
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herds. Local fossils came to the attention of formally trained scientists with the
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323:. As the sea retreated, South Dakota became a terrestrial environment dotted with
229:. At the start of the Paleozoic, South Dakota was submerged by a sea. The state's
859:. The discovery was the likely instigator for Wieland's subsequent research into
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interpreted fossils as the remains of the water monster Unktehi and used bits of
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Hunting for Fossils: A Guide to Finding and Collecting Fossils in All 50 States
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McCarville, Bishop, Springer, and Scotchmoor (2005) "Paleontology and geology".
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Weishampel, et al. (2004); "3.15 South Dakota, United States", pages 585-586.
548:. Although plant fossils are scarce, these deposits preserve one of the best
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Museum of Geology, South Dakota School of Mines & Technology, Rapid City
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published a report on the ancient plants and invertebrates of South Dakota.
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In 1996, Bell and others reported the discovery of a mosasaur of the genus
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In 1940, the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology collaborated with
776:. The expedition sent back some of the fossils, but these were later lost.
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and Black Hills. At the time, South Dakota consisted of plains dotted with
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Lockley and Hunt (1999); "The Puzzle of Miocene Tracks in the Oligocene".
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Many streams carried even more sediment into the region from the young
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World Fossil Finder Museum HotSprings,South Dakota. Home of Debbie Sue
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Mayor (2005); "Archaeological Evidence of Ancient Fossil Collecting".
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recorded in their journals a fossil discovery along the banks of the
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also lived in the Western Interior Seaway of South Dakota during the
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with marine reptiles of the same age in the western United States.
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at that time. Seawater once more covered South Dakota during the
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swam over South Dakota. Similar ostracoderms were preserved near
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Oceans of Kansas - A Natural History of the Western Interior Sea
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One interesting South Dakota fossil was found not far from the
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and local sediments began being eroded rather than deposited.
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Everhart (2005); "Our Discovery of the Western Interior Sea".
529:, at least part of South Dakota was covered in seawater. The
413:. Otherwise, these two states had similar shark communities.
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during the 1980s. It was the jawbone of an Oligocene mammal
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Fossils feature in some of the legends of local people. The
245:. The sea temporarily withdrew from South Dakota during the
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research occurring within or conducted by people from the
27:
Paleontological research in the U.S. state of South Dakota
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South Dakota was also covered by a sea that was home to
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skull from the White River Badlands on display at the
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Everhart (2005); "One Day in the Life of a Mosasaur".
347:. The Cretaceous life of South Dakota was similar to
343:, was home to many invertebrates, aquatic birds, and
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429:. The first specimen was 3.5 meters (11 feet) long.
335:. The state was covered again by the sea during the
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History of the National Register of Historic Places
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874:. Among the mammal discoveries were the remains of
112:. The sea remained in place after the start of the
787:jaw discovered in the White River Badlands in the
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1147:Everhart (2005); "Where the Elasmosaurs Roamed".
1173:Everhart (2005); "Turtles: Leatherback Giants".
697:Local people also employed fossils in ritual.
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1381:
1330:"SUE's Journey: From Field to Field Museum."
1159:Everhart (2005); "Other Times, Other Sharks".
965:Mammoth bones at the Hot Springs Mammoth Site
64:that would come to be home to creatures like
8:
917:"Sue" on display at the Chicago Field Museum
307:period. This sea was home to creatures like
212:List of the prehistoric life of South Dakota
80:. Local sea levels rose and fall during the
2173:National Register of Historic Places Portal
807:sent its own collectors into the area. The
755:On September 10, 1804, four members of the
384:from hundreds of miles away as a source of
2199:Paleontology in the United States by state
2158:
1703:
1689:
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1388:
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611:sporadically showered the state with ash.
1712:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
783:published a description of a fragmentary
497:List of the Cenozoic life of South Dakota
291:List of the Mesozoic life of South Dakota
1284:Dinosaur Tracks of Western North America
651:believed that in the first creatures in
441:in the western part of the state. Local
420:, South Dakota was home to the colossal
60:South Dakota was submerged by a shallow
1209:Mayor (2005); "Buffalo-Calling Stones".
1055:
1001:Lemmon Petrified Wood Park & Museum
84:and the sea left completely during the
2209:Science and technology in South Dakota
863:sea turtles that began the next year.
663:, who were ruled by the water monster
1291:Fossil Legends of the First Americans
155:entered the state, which was home to
7:
1293:. Princeton University Press. 2005.
921:In 1990, Sue Hendrickson discovered
1279:. Indiana University Press, 320 pp.
349:that found in what is now Wisconsin
1286:. Columbia University Press. 1999.
1282:Lockley, Martin and Hunt, Adrian.
855:, which had been preserved in the
739:engaged in regular trade with the
25:
1397:Paleontology in the United States
373:were very unusual for the group.
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603:that would later fossilize. The
2204:Natural history of South Dakota
817:United States Geological Survey
1356:Geologic units in South Dakota
1316:. Collier Books. p. 348.
1308:. Accessed September 21, 2012.
976:Fossil Cycad National Monument
797:described the Oligocene camel
556:, pig-like animals, the camel
1:
501:During the early part of the
2194:Paleontology in South Dakota
826:Type specimen (YPM 3000) of
813:South Dakota School of Mines
42:Paleontology in South Dakota
2130:National Historic Landmarks
910:, tapirs, horses and more.
790:American Journal of Science
533:was being deposited in the
18:Archeological Site 39CU4164
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757:Lewis and Clark Expedition
709:have a tradition of using
643:Indigenous interpretations
494:
288:
209:
186:Lewis and Clark Expedition
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1761:
1361:Paleoportal: South Dakota
100:it was under a sea where
886:, pig-like animals, and
519:Badlands Dinosaur Museum
2135:Wind Cave National Park
1332:Sue at the Field Museum
1312:Murray, Marian (1974).
1306:The Paleontology Portal
1261:SUE at the Field Museum
1251:"The Dispute Over SUE".
1249:SUE at the Field Museum
1237:SUE at the Field Museum
1009:Museum of Hot Springs,
369:Some of South Dakota's
341:Western Interior Seaway
116:before giving way to a
1735:Keeper of the Register
1275:Everhart, M. J. 2005.
1263:"The Purchase of SUE".
971:Badlands National Park
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793:. Not long afterward,
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362:ammonite found in the
339:period. This sea, the
38:
1750:National Park Service
1730:Contributing property
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531:White River Formation
511:
445:included the armored
357:
92:, the state became a
36:state of South Dakota
33:
1334:. Accessed 11/06/12.
994:The Journey Museum,
988:Grand River Museum,
983:Paleontology museums
936:for $ 8.36 million.
934:Chicago Field Museum
249:period. But, in the
198:is the South Dakota
195:Triceratops horridus
123:fauna including the
34:The location of the
1037:Paleontology portal
868:National Geographic
832:Yale Peabody Museum
751:Scientific research
364:Fox Hills Formation
1239:"SUE's Discovery".
978:(no longer exists)
967:
949:in other types of
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578:saber-toothed cats
525:Later, during the
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472:Pachycephalosaurus
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272:Later, during the
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1740:Historic district
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1289:Mayor, Adrienne.
1098:, "South Dakota".
928:Tyrannosaurus rex
852:Archelon ischyros
828:Archelon ischyros
609:Volcanic activity
426:Archelon ischyros
142:saber-toothed cat
16:(Redirected from
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725:Gobernador ruins
462:ostrich dinosaur
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416:During the Late
395:Dolichorhynchops
192:horned dinosaur
165:Native Americans
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951:marine reptiles
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861:Late Cretaceous
836:Yale University
763:in what is now
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605:Brule Formation
593:Rocky Mountains
521:in North Dakota
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435:geologic uplift
411:those of Kansas
388:. Short-necked
378:Late Cretaceous
360:Late Cretaceous
345:marine reptiles
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255:late Ordovician
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923:a new specimen
900:petrified wood
843:George Wieland
781:Hiram A. Prout
765:Gregory County
761:Missouri River
752:
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699:Plains Indians
644:
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638:Historiography
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546:petrified wood
514:Archaeotherium
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283:
218:
215:
207:
204:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2221:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2164:
2156:
2154:
2146:
2145:
2142:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2039:Oglala Lakota
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
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1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
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1892:
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1877:
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1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
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1837:
1835:
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1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1778:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1706:
1701:
1699:
1694:
1692:
1687:
1686:
1683:
1673:
1669:
1667:
1663:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1646:West Virginia
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
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1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1551:New Hampshire
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1511:Massachusetts
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
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1452:
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1437:
1434:
1432:
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1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
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1402:
1398:
1391:
1386:
1384:
1379:
1377:
1372:
1371:
1368:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1344:
1343:0-520-24209-2
1340:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1323:9780020935506
1319:
1315:
1310:
1307:
1303:
1300:
1299:0-691-11345-9
1296:
1292:
1288:
1285:
1281:
1278:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1262:
1257:
1254:
1250:
1245:
1242:
1238:
1233:
1230:
1224:
1221:
1215:
1212:
1206:
1203:
1197:
1194:
1188:
1185:
1179:
1176:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1130:
1127:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1096:Murray (1974)
1092:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1050:
1046:
1045:Dinosaur Park
1043:
1042:
1038:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
997:
993:
991:
987:
986:
982:
977:
974:
972:
969:
968:
963:
956:
954:
952:
948:
944:
943:
937:
935:
930:
929:
924:
915:
911:
909:
903:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
882:, three-toed
881:
877:
873:
869:
864:
862:
858:
854:
853:
849:now known as
848:
844:
837:
833:
829:
824:
820:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
801:
800:Poebrotherium
796:
792:
791:
786:
782:
777:
775:
771:
766:
762:
758:
750:
748:
746:
742:
741:Cliff Dweller
738:
734:
730:
726:
721:
719:
718:archeological
714:
713:
708:
704:
700:
692:
688:
684:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
642:
637:
635:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
612:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
589:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
566:
561:
560:
559:Poebrotherium
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
536:
532:
528:
520:
516:
515:
510:
506:
504:
498:
490:
488:
486:
485:
484:Tyrannosaurus
480:
479:
474:
473:
468:
467:
463:
459:
458:
457:Edmontosaurus
454:
450:
449:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
427:
423:
419:
414:
412:
408:
403:
401:
397:
396:
391:
387:
383:
379:
374:
372:
365:
361:
356:
352:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
301:coastal plain
298:
292:
284:
282:
280:
275:
274:Carboniferous
270:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
227:Paleozoic Era
224:
216:
213:
205:
203:
201:
197:
196:
191:
187:
183:
179:
176:
172:
171:
166:
162:
158:
154:
151:
148:. During the
147:
143:
139:
135:
132:, three-toed
131:
130:
129:Poebrotherium
126:
122:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
96:, but by the
95:
94:coastal plain
91:
88:. During the
87:
83:
82:Carboniferous
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
58:Paleozoic era
55:
51:
47:
43:
37:
32:
19:
1716:South Dakota
1611:South Dakota
1610:
1601:Rhode Island
1596:Pennsylvania
1576:North Dakota
1313:
1290:
1283:
1276:
1256:
1244:
1232:
1223:
1214:
1205:
1196:
1187:
1178:
1129:
940:
938:
926:
920:
907:
904:
876:rhinoceroses
865:
857:Pierre Shale
850:
840:
827:
798:
795:Joseph Leidy
788:
778:
754:
722:
710:
696:
690:
680:
677:thunderbirds
675:sent by the
646:
613:
590:
586:titanotheres
570:rhinoceroses
563:
557:
524:
512:
500:
482:
476:
470:
466:Ornithomimus
464:
455:
446:
430:
424:
415:
404:
393:
375:
368:
294:
271:
259:ostracoderms
220:
200:state fossil
193:
168:
146:titanotheres
138:rhinoceroses
127:
78:ostracoderms
54:South Dakota
41:
40:
2123:Other lists
1839:Charles Mix
1526:Mississippi
1441:Connecticut
1011:Hot Springs
805:Smithsonian
785:titanothere
614:During the
535:White River
478:Triceratops
453:duck-billed
439:Black Hills
390:plesiosaurs
386:gastroliths
382:plesiosaurs
376:During the
295:During the
239:cephalopods
235:brachiopods
223:Precambrian
118:terrestrial
70:cephalopods
66:brachiopods
2188:Categories
2044:Pennington
1949:Hutchinson
1899:Fall River
1641:Washington
1561:New Mexico
1556:New Jersey
1431:California
1270:References
996:Rapid City
947:live birth
908:Protoceros
898:seeds and
892:fossil egg
872:Rapid City
847:sea turtle
774:plesiosaur
729:New Mexico
681:Pteranodon
626:, horses,
601:footprints
565:Protoceras
544:seeds and
495:See also:
448:Edmontonia
422:sea turtle
337:Cretaceous
289:See also:
263:Canon City
247:Ordovician
210:See also:
190:Cretaceous
180:to summon
173:shells in
106:Cretaceous
44:refers to
2029:Minnehaha
2009:McPherson
1974:Kingsbury
1854:Codington
1809:Brookings
1804:Bon Homme
1651:Wisconsin
1616:Tennessee
1521:Minnesota
1496:Louisiana
1051:Footnotes
896:hackberry
841:In 1895,
779:In 1847,
737:Blackfeet
712:Baculites
703:Blackfeet
701:like the
691:Baculites
673:lightning
669:petrified
665:Unhcegila
655:were the
632:mastodons
542:hackberry
527:Oligocene
443:dinosaurs
418:Campanian
400:Campanian
371:ammonites
309:ammonites
217:Paleozoic
170:Baculites
161:mastodons
110:mosasaurs
102:ammonites
52:state of
2153:Category
2104:Walworth
2019:Mellette
1999:Marshall
1984:Lawrence
1834:Campbell
1780:Lists by
1636:Virginia
1586:Oklahoma
1566:New York
1541:Nebraska
1531:Missouri
1516:Michigan
1506:Maryland
1491:Kentucky
1471:Illinois
1446:Delaware
1436:Colorado
1426:Arkansas
1023:See also
1003:, Lemmon
809:Tertiary
770:mosasaur
707:Cheyenne
693:fossils.
661:reptiles
653:creation
628:mammoths
620:glaciers
550:Tertiary
538:badlands
503:Cenozoic
491:Cenozoic
431:Archelon
321:starfish
317:crinoids
305:Jurassic
297:Triassic
285:Mesozoic
267:Colorado
231:Cambrian
163:. Local
157:mammoths
153:glaciers
114:Cenozoic
98:Jurassic
90:Triassic
2114:Ziebach
2109:Yankton
2074:Stanley
2064:Sanborn
2059:Roberts
2049:Perkins
1989:Lincoln
1964:Jerauld
1959:Jackson
1939:Harding
1914:Gregory
1894:Edmunds
1889:Douglas
1869:Davison
1824:Buffalo
1799:Bennett
1656:Wyoming
1631:Vermont
1536:Montana
1476:Indiana
1456:Georgia
1451:Florida
1421:Arizona
1411:Alabama
888:rodents
830:in the
733:endemic
657:insects
616:Ice Age
597:marshes
574:rodents
329:streams
279:Permian
182:buffalo
178:rituals
150:Ice Age
104:lived.
86:Permian
2094:Turner
2054:Potter
2004:McCook
1944:Hughes
1934:Hanson
1924:Hamlin
1919:Haakon
1864:Custer
1859:Corson
1794:Beadle
1789:Aurora
1782:county
1723:Topics
1591:Oregon
1546:Nevada
1486:Kansas
1461:Hawaii
1416:Alaska
1404:States
1341:
1320:
1297:
990:Lemmon
884:horses
880:tapirs
745:Navajo
630:, and
584:, and
582:tapirs
554:horses
481:, and
460:, the
333:swamps
331:, and
319:, and
251:middle
243:corals
241:, and
188:. The
144:, and
134:horses
121:mammal
76:, and
74:corals
2099:Union
2089:Tripp
2079:Sully
2069:Spink
2034:Moody
2024:Miner
2014:Meade
1994:Lyman
1969:Jones
1909:Grant
1904:Faulk
1884:Dewey
1879:Deuel
1844:Clark
1829:Butte
1819:Brule
1814:Brown
1621:Texas
1501:Maine
1466:Idaho
649:Sioux
624:bison
407:shark
405:More
392:like
325:lakes
313:clams
175:magic
125:camel
2163:List
2084:Todd
1979:Lake
1954:Hyde
1929:Hand
1849:Clay
1626:Utah
1581:Ohio
1481:Iowa
1339:ISBN
1318:ISBN
1295:ISBN
743:and
705:and
659:and
206:Eras
159:and
50:U.S.
1874:Day
1714:in
925:of
772:or
727:in
671:by
253:or
221:No
62:sea
2190::
1164:^
1152:^
1138:^
1103:^
1058:^
953:.
878:,
834:,
634:.
618:,
580:,
576:,
572:,
568:,
562:,
487:.
475:,
469:,
451:,
358:A
351:.
327:,
315:,
311:,
269:.
265:,
257:,
237:,
202:.
140:,
136:,
72:,
68:,
1704:e
1697:t
1690:v
1389:e
1382:t
1375:v
1345:.
1326:.
1301:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
