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85:). They would eventually become successful in the struggle for women’s suffrage, with Egypt granting the right to vote to women in 1956, as well as ending legalized prostitution. Demands for education reforms by the union were met in 1925 when the government made primary education compulsory for girls as well as boys, and later in the decade women were admitted to the national university for the first time.
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looked as though she would become her natural successor as the leader of the EFU, but instead formed the Bint Al-Nil Union a year later in 1948 to further the aims of the women's rights movement in Egypt - with a particular focus on social progress and inclusion in policymaking. In
February 1951,
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Its mission was to gain comprehensive rights for women. Some of the demands of the EFU were but are not limited to: women’s suffrage, the advancement of women and children’s education, stopping government legalized prostitution, reforming the personal status law, as well as better healthcare for
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presidency, the EFU had their demands met by being granted the right to vote (1956). Nasser also created equal opportunity for women in education and employment, while promising middle and lower class citizens the right to education, healthcare, and economic mobility for both men and women. The
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was chosen to defend Shafik in court in regards to this. When the case went to trial, many Bint al-Nil supporters attended the courtroom, and the judge adjourned the hearing indefinitely. However, in spite of receiving promises from the
President of the Senate, women's rights experienced no
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managed to secretly bring together 1500 women from Egypt's two leading feminist groupings (the EFU and Bint Al-Nil Union). She organized a march that interrupted parliament for four hours after they gathered there with a series of demands mainly related to women's socioeconomic rights.
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The union organized the
Eastern Women’s Conference for the Defense of Palestine in Cairo, and Huda Sharawi suggested the individual countries establish feminist unions, and that those unions form an umbrella organization, spanning the Arab world. In December 1944, the EFU convened the
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received home education and became the first woman to finish high school in Egypt after passing the state baccalaureate exam in 1907 before being accepted into the
Saniyya School - Egypt's first teacher-training specific school for women. After receiving her formal education,
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continued on her trailblazing path by becoming the first female school principal, a position she held from 1924 to 1926. She later went on to be appointed to work for the
Department of Education to take up the position of the chief inspector of women's education.
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was called the
Wafdist Women's Central Committee in 1920. The creation of the Egyptian Feminist Union came in response to feminist dissatisfaction with the Egyptian independence movement, which placed women's rights as secondary in the struggle for independence.
166:. The Nasser regime passed the Law 32/1964 which gave the government the ability to regulate or simply ban organizations that were not already associated under the government. This made it difficult for the organization to demand political and economic rights.
88:
The union's campaign for the reform of family law, however, was unsuccessful. The EFU was not able to reform parts of the family law and
Personal Status Codes that allowed males to divorce their spouses without the spouses' consent, as well as ending polygamy.
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was resistant to wearing the veil from a young age while attending Shubra
Secondary School. It was also during this time that Saʿīd joined the youth wing of the EFU as a teenager. She then went on to receive a degree in English literature from
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and the
Egyptian government. Today, among other objectives, the EFU as a non-profit aims to raise awareness of women's issues, conduct research, as well as integrating technology such as databases to work towards solving these issues.
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in which she argued for women's right to work and strongly dismissed the largely longstanding belief of female biological inferiority in order to work in occupations other than teaching or
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during and after 1956. The Nasser regime would go on to dissolve The EFU in 1956 and absorb the organization, going from an independent organization to a government-run charity renamed the
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Since 2011, the EFU reformed as a non-profit, non-governmental organization under the original name but with a different goal and team. This was sparked largely due to the
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Weber, C. (2001). Unveiling
Scheherazade: Feminist Orientalism in the International Alliance of Women, 1911-1950. Feminist Studies, 27(1), 125-157. doi:10.2307/3178453
978:
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211:(1886–1951) was a pioneering figure of women's education in Egypt and was a founding member of the Egyptian Feminist Union. Born in the town of
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62:, who served as its first president until her death on December 12, 1947. Before becoming the EFU, the organization which had ties to the
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opposition to Egypt's veiling traditions and to its personal status laws were unwavering, which resulted in her facing intimidation from
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during which many feminist activism groups formed alliances and played a large role in a number of demonstrations and sit-ins against
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111:. In 1923 the International Woman Suffrage Alliance held a meeting in the capital of Italy which the EFU sent delegates to attend.
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career in the journalism industry spanned until her eventual retirement in 1984, in which she held the position of chairperson of
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267:(1914-1995) was an Egyptian journalist, scholar and feminist who played a leading role in the Egyptian Feminist Union. Born in
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and delivered a speech that called for ensuring girls' rights to education. She famously returned from Rome unveiled alongside
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oversaw the various writings that highlighted both the struggle for women's rights and national independence in
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248:. Most of Musa's works as an academic and activist come from her writings, with her most influential being
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332:(1897-1985) was an Egyptian journalist, nationalist and founding member of the Egyptian Feminist Union.
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President of the Federation of Egyptian women "We will not allow the President imposes the veil on us"
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women and children. These demands were chronicled and published in their fortnightly periodical
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The Egyptian Feminist Union was founded at a meeting on 6 March 1923 at the home of activist
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701:"One Step Forward, Two Steps Back? Egyptian Women within the Confines of Authoritarianism"
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under her wing as a mentee and gave her the position of editor for EFU's French journal,
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in 1935, being among the first cohort of women receiving admission into the university.
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Griggs Philips 16 (3): 285. doi:10.1111/j.1478-1913.1926.tb00629.x, Daisy (July 1926).
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Egyptian Feminist Union became restricted under the government controlled by President
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p. 184 Modern Middle East. William L. Cleveland and Martin Bunton. WestView Press 2013
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but would later continue her studies at Les Dames de Sion, a private French school in
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844:"The Feminist Vision in the Writings of Three Turn-of-the-Century Egyptian Women"
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642:"Overlooked No More: Doria Shafik, Who Led Egypt's Women's Liberation Movement"
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Alliance for Arab Women submits papers to establish Women's Federation Egypt
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Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa 2nd Edition (vol. 2)
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from 1954 to 1969 which sold successfully in domestically and across the
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501:"Women's Movements in the Middle East: Case Studies of Egypt and Turkey"
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position in the EFU was as the editor for the Arabic-written version of
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as a teenager to live with a different relative where she would meet
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until its final publication in 1940, when Egypt became involved in
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Historical dictionary of women in the Middle East and North Africa
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Historical dictionary of women in the Middle East and North Africa
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Historical Dictionary of Women in the Middle East and North Africa
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As a strong advocate for women's rights to work and education,
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100:, promoted European social values and had an essentially
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590:. The American University in Cairo Press. p. 46.
92:
The EFU also supported complete independence from the
848:
Bulletin (British Society for Middle Eastern Studies)
1188:
Timeline of women's legal rights (other than voting)
726:. Detroit, MI: Macmillan Reference USA. p. 451.
554:. Detroit, MI: Macmillan Reference USA. p. 451.
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in February 1925. Through its monthly publications,
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Gender and Women's Leadership: A Reference Handbook
617:. American Univ in Cairo Press. pp. 169–176–.
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Doria Shafik Egyptian Feminist : A Woman apart
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460:
739:"Women's groups relaunch Egyptian Feminist Union"
572:
570:
793:":: Egyptian Feminist Union - About Us ::"
949:"The Growth of the Feminist Movement in Egypt"
699:Sika, Nadine; Khodary, Yasmin (October 2012).
336:was initially raised by a distant relative in
1090:
588:Doria Shafik Egyptian Feminist: A Woman Apart
8:
998:. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press. p. 236.
879:. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press. p. 278.
977:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
96:, but like upper-class male leaders of the
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1853:African-American women's suffrage movement
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1118:
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123:in Cairo, which formally established the
1798:Discrimination against transgender women
705:Journal of International Women's Studies
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760:Biographical Dictionary of Modern Egypt
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107:The organization was affiliated to the
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724:Encyclopedia of Sex and Gender (Vol 2)
552:Encyclopedia of Sex and Gender (Vol 2)
77:from 1925, and from 1937 the journal a
2147:Post-structuralist discourse analysis
1413:Gender-critical or trans-exclusionary
821:. Scarecrow Press. pp. 232–233.
694:
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467:. Syracuse University Press. p.
234:International Woman Suffrage Alliance
130:Upon Huda Sha'arawi's death in 1947,
109:International Woman Suffrage Alliance
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459:Earl L. Sullivan (January 1, 1986).
410:List of women's rights organizations
393:Women's Popular Resistance Committee
149:Egyptian Feminist Union Under Nasser
737:Eriksen, Mette (October 18, 2011).
321:, Egypt's oldest publishing house.
39:
965:10.1111/j.1478-1913.1926.tb00629.x
428:Mariz Tadros (March 18–24, 1999).
170:Egyptian Feminist Union Since 2011
25:
2886:Organizations established in 1923
967:– via Wiley Online Library.
910:"Egypt's Laws of Personal Status"
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2845:
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2832:
2392:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1808:Diversity, equity, and inclusion
668:Women in World History: Schu-Sui
387:and female liberation. In 1951,
2891:Feminist organisations in Egypt
992:Talhami, Ghada Hashem (2012).
873:Talhami, Ghada Hashem (2012).
27:Egyptian feminist organization
1:
764:. Boulder : Rienner. p.
463:Women in Egyptian Public Life
208:Nabawiyya Mohamed Musa Badawi
2881:1923 establishments in Egypt
2754:Suffragists and suffragettes
756:Goldschmidt, Arthur (2000).
344:. She would later leave for
42:) was the first nationwide
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665:; Deborah Klezmer (2002).
164:Huda Sha'arawi Association
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1828:Female genital mutilation
1232:Majority-Muslim countries
908:Najjar, Fauzi M. (1988).
532:. USA: Gale. p. 770.
305:. Throughout her career,
153:Under the first years of
2801:Women's studies journals
2759:Women's rights activists
1308:Movements and ideologies
1027:O'Connor, Karen (2010).
780:Egyptian Feminist Union.
586:Nelson, Cynthia (1996).
356:deceased foster mother.
176:2011 Egyptian Revolution
2344:International relations
842:Badran, Margot (1988).
817:Talhami, Ghada (2012).
722:Margot, Badran (2007).
671:. Yorkin Publications.
611:Cynthia Nelson (1996).
550:Badran, Margot (2007).
528:Booth, Marilyn (2004).
311:Islamic fundamentalists
121:Arab Women's Conference
32:Egyptian Feminist Union
2774:Conservative feminisms
2072:Women in the workforce
2040:Violence against women
2015:Sexual objectification
1975:Opposition to feminism
1172:Bicycling and feminism
914:Arab Studies Quarterly
352:, who was a friend of
236:conference of 1923 in
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40:الاتحاد النسائي المصري
18:Arab Feminist Congress
2814:Women in peacekeeping
2354:Revisionist mythology
1791:Children's literature
1039:10.4135/9781412979344
436:(421). Archived from
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117:Arab Women's Congress
2256:Pathways perspective
2101:Gender mainstreaming
2020:Substantive equality
2000:Reproductive justice
1950:Matriarchal religion
1803:Diversity (politics)
430:"Unity in diversity"
155:Gamal Abdel Nasser's
142:Mufidah Abdul Rahman
2839:Feminism portal
2719:Ecofeminist authors
2569:Trinidad and Tobago
2509:Republic of Ireland
2369:Composition studies
2050:Women's empowerment
2005:Sex workers' rights
1930:Feminist capitalism
1910:Internalized sexism
1843:Feminism in culture
1721:Kurdish (Jineology)
125:Arab Feminist Union
54:History and profile
2214:Literary criticism
2091:Complementarianism
1813:Effects on society
1781:Complementarianism
1588:Women's liberation
936:– via JSTOR.
862:– via JSTOR.
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160:Gamal Abdel Nasser
83:The Egyptian Woman
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2231:Political ecology
2137:Écriture féminine
2035:Triple oppression
2025:Toxic masculinity
2010:Sexual harassment
1870:Feminist stripper
1848:Feminist movement
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1700:Ethnic and racial
1301:
1300:
1005:978-0-8108-7086-4
886:978-0-8108-7086-4
775:978-1-55587-229-8
743:Egypt Independent
678:978-0-7876-4073-6
624:978-977-424-413-1
499:Nadje S. Al Ali.
478:978-0-8156-2354-0
405:Feminism in Egypt
16:(Redirected from
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1940:Likeability trap
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1900:Ideal womanhood
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2749:Rhetoricians
2739:Philosophers
2631:Saudi Arabia
2427:South Africa
2288:Epistemology
2241:Anthropology
2236:Architecture
2199:Legal theory
2106:Gynocentrism
2045:War on women
1980:Pro-feminism
1935:Gender-blind
1885:Gender quota
1858:Art movement
1650:Dianic Wicca
1529:Sex-positive
1492:Postcolonial
1359:Conservative
1339:Anti-fascist
1029:
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973:cite journal
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800:. Retrieved
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508:. Retrieved
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462:
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444:30 September
442:. Retrieved
438:the original
433:
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392:
391:founded the
381:World War II
367:L'Egyptienne
365:
328:
319:Dar al-Hilal
318:
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292:al-Misriyyah
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287:L'Egyptienne
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129:
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74:L'Egyptienne
72:
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46:movement in
31:
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2789:Comic books
2714:Art critics
2636:South Korea
2616:Philippines
2596:New Zealand
2591:Netherlands
2322:Pornography
2310:Metaphysics
2251:Criminology
2246:Archaeology
2219:Film theory
1920:Women's Day
1660:Ecofeminist
1519:Reactionary
1467:Materialist
1242:Switzerland
1237:New Zealand
1156:Fourth-wave
1139:Second-wave
854:(1/2): 13.
79:l-Misriyyah
2875:Categories
2779:Literature
2724:Economists
2444:Bangladesh
2378:By country
2327:Psychology
2283:Empiricism
2278:Aesthetics
2273:Philosophy
2132:Patriarchy
2112:Matriarchy
1916:Girl's Day
1890:Girl power
1863:In hip hop
1786:Literature
1716:Indigenous
1655:Reclaiming
1551:Standpoint
1524:Separatism
1497:Postmodern
1391:Vegetarian
1381:Difference
1324:Analytical
1151:Third-wave
1134:First-wave
959:(3): 285.
647:August 26,
484:October 6,
416:References
354:Nabarawi's
342:Alexandria
98:Wafd Party
64:Wafd Party
2534:Argentina
2494:Indonesia
2484:Hong Kong
2439:Australia
2339:Seriality
2263:Geography
2189:Sociology
2142:Economics
2127:Kyriarchy
1618:Christian
1598:Religious
1539:Socialist
1329:Anarchist
1274:States of
1212:Australia
1014:830424539
926:0271-3519
895:830424539
711:: 91–100.
358:Sha'arawi
254:midwifery
2850:Category
2784:American
2656:Thailand
2611:Pakistan
2581:Malaysia
2564:Paraguay
2554:Honduras
2402:Ethiopia
2268:Pedagogy
2194:Rhetoric
2184:Sexology
2177:Womanist
2172:Thealogy
2167:Theology
1965:Misogyny
1833:Femicide
1818:Equality
1767:Concepts
1682:Orthodox
1645:Neopagan
1633:Womanist
1613:Buddhist
1581:Africana
1576:Womanism
1472:Maternal
1462:Lipstick
1428:Activism
1398:Equality
1364:Cultural
1349:Carceral
1284:Virginia
1264:Timeline
1207:Timeline
1144:timeline
1129:Timeline
1106:Feminism
934:41854165
504:(Report)
399:See also
389:Nabarawi
373:Nabarawi
362:Nabarawi
334:Nabarawi
290:journal
44:feminist
2796:Parties
2671:Ukraine
2666:Vietnam
2576:Lebanon
2474:Germany
2464:Finland
2459:Denmark
2434:Albania
2422:Senegal
2417:Nigeria
2332:Therapy
2315:Science
2226:Biology
1743:Mizrahi
1711:Chicana
1672:Islamic
1608:Atheist
1544:Marxist
1514:Radical
1450:Liberal
1445:Lesbian
1423:Hip hop
1403:Eugenic
1344:Atheist
1317:General
1289:Wyoming
1122:General
1114:History
385:veiling
315:Saʿīd's
307:Saʿīd's
282:Saʿīd's
213:Zagazig
127:(AFU).
102:secular
2810:(1967)
2734:Muslim
2729:Jewish
2707:People
2661:Turkey
2651:Taiwan
2641:Sweden
2626:Russia
2621:Poland
2606:Norway
2559:Mexico
2539:Brazil
2514:Israel
2479:Greece
2469:France
2449:Canada
2387:Africa
2293:Ethics
2152:Method
2084:Theory
1995:Racism
1750:Romani
1738:Jewish
1677:Jewish
1623:Mormon
1571:Victim
1534:Social
1507:French
1455:Equity
1418:Global
1354:Choice
1227:Kuwait
1217:Canada
1165:Social
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475:
137:Shafik
36:Arabic
2860:Index
2767:Other
2744:Poets
2699:Lists
2646:Syria
2586:Nepal
2549:Haiti
2544:Chile
2524:Japan
2519:Italy
2489:India
2454:China
2407:Ghana
2397:Egypt
1955:Media
1755:White
1706:Black
1667:Hindu
1638:Asian
1561:Trans
1556:State
1487:Post-
1440:Labor
1369:Cyber
1252:Wales
1222:Japan
930:JSTOR
856:JSTOR
360:took
346:Cairo
338:Paris
299:(Eve)
297:Hawaa
273:Saʿīd
269:Asyut
48:Egypt
2504:Iraq
2499:Iran
2412:Mali
1918:and
1731:Sámi
1689:Sikh
1477:Neo-
1279:Utah
1043:ISBN
1010:OCLC
1000:ISBN
979:link
922:ISSN
891:OCLC
881:ISBN
823:ISBN
804:2022
770:ISBN
673:ISBN
649:2018
619:ISBN
592:ISBN
512:2014
486:2014
473:ISBN
446:2014
244:and
238:Rome
230:Musa
222:Musa
217:Musa
30:The
2204:Art
1628:New
1482:New
1408:Fat
1386:Eco
1374:HCI
1035:doi
961:doi
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