496:. Oil tankers proceeding through the Suez Canal were required to submit documentation to guarantee none of their cargo would arrive at an Israeli port. To enforce the policy of denying strategic goods to Israel, the decree authorized the use of force against any ship attempting to avoid search, including live gunfire, to make it submit to inspection. If a ship were to subsequently allow a search and reveal that they were not carrying any "contraband", the ship would be allowed to continue its voyage. However, if the ship resisted a search by force, it would be considered to have violated its neutrality. For this "hostile act", ships were to be seized and their cargo impounded even if they were not found to possess any "contraband". Ships found or suspected to transgress the Egyptian shipping practices delineated in this decree were blacklisted by Egypt and denied free use of the Suez Canal. The decree of February 1950 signaled a shift in the policy of the Arab League. The boycott's immediate purpose had originally been to prevent direct Arab trade with Israel (called a primary boycott). With this decree the boycott was expanded to the interruption of international trade with Israel (a secondary boycott). On 8 April 1950, the Arab League Council embraced this shift, approving a decision by its political committee to the effect that all ships carrying goods or immigrants to Israel were to be blacklisted.
513:
direct the CBO and deputies were appointed, who were to function as liaison officers accredited by each member state of the Arab League. The primary task of the
Damascus CBO was to coordinate the boycott with its affiliated offices, and to report regularly to Arab League Council. Biannual meetings were to be held each year after 1951 to coordinate boycott policies and to compile blacklists of individuals and firms which had violated the boycott. Each member state of the Arab League would enforce the resolution through legal and administrative measures. Finally, the resolution stipulated that "participation in regional conferences organized on the initiative of one country or by an international organization could not be attended if Israel were also invited", expanding upon its 1950 decree that such a conference would not be organized by an Arab state.
945:: Algeria, Bangladesh, Brunei, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Malaysia, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria and Yemen. In addition, seven of these countries — Iran, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Syria and Yemen — do not allow entry to people with evidence of travel to Israel, or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa. The stamp may be a visa stamp, or a stamp on entry or departure. Because of these issues, Israeli immigration controls do not stamp passports with an entry visa, instead stamping on a separate insert which is discarded on departure. However, a stamp of another country which indicates that the person has entered Israel may frustrate that effort. For example, if an Egyptian departure stamp is used in any passport at the
646:
570:. Instead, the Soviet Union would form an alliance with the revolutionary Arab regimes, Egypt, Syria, Yemen, Sudan, and later in the decade Iraq, united in anti-American and anti-Israel political objectives. The clout of the Soviet Union gave the boycott new international legitimacy and guaranteed anti-boycott resolutions a veto at the UN Security Council. The tertiary boycott, formerly ignored as an affront to international trade relations, became enforceable through the sheer political and economic power of the Soviet Union. In 1958, Air France capitulated to Arab League demands after being denied overflight and landing rights in Arab states for eighteen months due to its alleged investment in Israeli development projects.
1380:
1517:
552:, approving the Unified Law on the Boycott of Israel. The provisions of this resolution, implemented in legislation by most member states over the following year, formalized the application of the boycott in the Arab States uniformly. The resolution contained new recommendations prohibiting Arab entities and individuals from dealing with agencies of persons working for Israel, and with foreign companies and organizations with interests, agencies, or branches in Israel. The export of Arab goods to countries to be re-exported to Israel was criminalized with a penalty of large fines and hard labor.
854:(BDS) movement was founded in 2005 in an attempt to increase economic and political pressure on Israel and advocates a total, international boycott of Israeli products, divestment of investments in Israel and sanctions. Besides anti-Israel economic measures, the BDS movement also strives to disrupt cultural exchanges and business involving Israel, Israelis and businesses which deal with them. In addition, sporting teams from various Arab states continue to boycott international matches when they are drawn against an Israeli team, choosing instead to forfeit the match.
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convenient destination to smuggle
Israeli goods into the rest of the Arab world, as Israeli goods could be legally imported into Egypt and relabeled as Egyptian for trade with other Arab countries, although the treaty led to other Arab countries becoming more suspicious of Egyptian products. By the late 1980s, Israel's counter-measures against the boycott were proving a success, and the Boycott Office estimated that between $ 750 million to $ 1 billion worth of Israeli goods, or about 10% of Israel's exports at the time, were reaching Arab markets per year.
835:
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purchase
Israeli technology and materials, use them to assemble completed products, and export them to Arab countries while concealing this fact from their customers. Arrangements with American companies were worked out where the American companies would buy goods from Israeli affiliates and export them as American-made goods. Israeli ships were re-flagged as ships of other nations and provided with faked bills of landing so they could directly export goods to the Arab and Muslim world.
953:
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went to the United
Nations, demanding Egypt terminate its restrictions on navigation through international waterways in adherence to the 1949 Armistice and to Security Council resolutions prohibiting further hostilities between the Arab states and Israel. The United Nations Security Council issued a resolution which condemned the Egyptian practice as an "abuse of the exercise of the right of visit, search and seizure." The UNSC resolution was ignored by Egypt.
319:(GCC) states, ended their participation in the Arab boycott against Israel. The move prompted a surge of investment in Israel, and resulted in the initiation of joint cooperation projects between Israel and Arab countries. In 1996, the GCC states recognized that total elimination of the boycott is a necessary step for peace and economic development in the region. There are still residual laws banning relations with Israel. For example, until 2021
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blacklisted by the Arab states, while others did business with Israel through divisions or affiliates whose links to the company were disguised. Others strove to cultivate good personal relationships with Arab leaders, who would allow them to trade with Israel without economic repercussions in their own countries as a favor. Some firms placed on the blacklist managed to lobby or buy their way off it.
425:
1700:
230:
77:
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36:
739:(GCC) states, ended their participation in the Arab boycott against Israel. The move prompted a surge of investment in Israel, and resulted in the initiation of joint cooperation projects between Israel and Arab countries. In 1996, the GCC states recognized that total elimination of the boycott is a necessary step for peace and economic development in the region.
589:
1816:
416:
Palestinian Jews, the allocation of 50% of the value of goods confiscated in this manner to customs officials, the prohibition by Arabs of the use of Jewish banks, insurance companies, contractors, and transport in
Palestine. Member states of the Arab League began implementing these resolutions through legal and administrative measures.
1325:(EAR) apply to all "U.S. persons," defined to include individuals and companies located in the United States and their foreign affiliates, and prohibit them to participate in unsanctioned boycotts against other nations, punishable by fines of up to $ 50,000 or five times the value of the exports involved or jail term of up to 10 years.
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minimum to not invest in Israel. This tertiary boycott marked another fundamental shift in boycott policy wherein Arab states would pressure third party states to agree to boycott Israel. However, these rudimentary efforts were unsuccessful and the airline boycotts remained isolated to the Arab world.
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In the mid-1950s boycott activities intensified, and gained a new and highly powerful ally — the Soviet Union. During Israel's early years it was seen by the USSR as a potential ally due to the significant socialist aspirations advocated by its founders and applied in its conception. The Soviet Union
407:
on 14 May 1948, the
Permanent Boycott Committee ceased to function upon the outbreak of war between Israel and surrounding Arab States on 15 May 1948, and the Arab League repeated its calls for a ban on all financial and commercial transactions with Palestinian Jews, boycotting the newly formed State
1199:
In August 2020, the United Arab
Emirates permitted direct flights to and from Israel, with Saudi Arabia and Bahrain authorizing overflying their territory for such flights. On 8 October 2020, Israel and Jordan reached an agreement to allow flights to cross over both countries’ airspace. It will also
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by the Arab-Muslim bloc in the group, denying Israel an opportunity to become an active member of UN bodies and positions. In 2000, Israel was admitted as a member of the
Western European and Others Group to bypass the Arab-Muslim block. As a consequence, for example, Israel has never been a member
830:
being the exception, no longer attempt to enforce the secondary or tertiary boycotts. Syria, Lebanon, and Iran (though not an Arab state and not a member of the Arab League) are the only states which actively enforce the primary boycott. The
Central Boycott Office has become obsolete. With the vast
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called for a boycott of Jewish businesses in 1933, and in 1934 the Arab Labor
Federation conducted a boycott as well as an organized picketing of Jewish businesses. In 1936, the Palestinian Arab leadership called on another boycott and threatened those who did not respect the boycott with violence.
665:
Israel responded to the boycott by creating its own blacklist of firms that respected the boycott, and circulated them around the world to encourage Jewish-owned businesses to avoid dealing with them. In addition, Israel supporters in some Western countries managed to get anti-boycott laws passed,
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and compensate for losses in Jewish livelihood and property that was stolen due to Nazi persecution and genocide. The Arab League strongly opposed the agreement, but its threats to boycott West Germany were never carried out due to economic considerations—the Arab League would be impacted far more
499:
In mid-1950, the governments of Britain, Norway, and the United States lodged a complaint with Egypt about some of their tankers being blacklisted and barred from using the Suez Canal. On 1 September 1951, after ships destined for Eilat had been stopped at the entrance of the Gulf of Aqaba, Israel
483:
of Egypt issued a decree under which manifests and cargoes of ships could be searched to ensure that no "war contraband" was present on vessels bound directly or indirectly for Israel. War contraband included arms, munitions, and war material. However, article 10 additionally stipulated that other
702:
with Israel the previous year. After more or less consistently adhering to the practice of seizing cargo bound for Israel since 1950, the Straits of Tiran and the Gulf of Aqaba were opened to Israeli trade and Israeli cargo went unmolested for the first time in decades. Afterwards, Egypt became a
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and the United States. OAPEC threatened to cut oil production 5% monthly "until the Israeli forces are completely evacuated from all the Arab territories occupied in the June 1967 war...." The embargo lasted for about five months before it was lifted in March 1974, though its aftereffects were to
399:
into Arab and Jewish states was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 29 November 1947, efforts to apply the boycott were intensified. However, the boycott was unsuccessful, as noted in the first annual report of the Boycott Committee, and trade between Palestine (the vast majority by
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Israel also took a series of steps to evade the embargo and clandestinely trade with the Arab world. Front companies in third countries were set up, which imported goods, then re-exported them to Arab countries with false labels and certificates of origin. In other cases, foreign companies would
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signed, which made it a criminal offense to adhere to the boycott and imposed fines on American companies that were found to be complying with it. For the surveillance after the implementation of this law, an office called the "Office of Antiboycott Compliance" was opened in the US Department of
573:
With the success of the first tertiary boycott the Arab League became increasingly demanding of uninvolved states to adhere to its boycott of Israel. In 1958 the boycott was expanded to prohibit all goods exported from a third state identical to goods imported by the state from Israel, including
256:
and specifically stopping all trade with Israel which adds to that country's economic and military strength. A secondary boycott was later imposed, to boycott non-Israeli companies that do business with Israel, and later a tertiary boycott involved the blacklisting of firms that do business with
817:
not to retaliate and withdraw Israeli jets, fearing that if Israel attacked Iraq, the other Arab countries would either desert the coalition or join Iraq. It was also feared that if Israel used Syrian or Jordanian airspace to attack Iraq, they would intervene in the war on Iraq's side or attack
808:
potentially containing poison gas at Israel, which caused considerable distress and damage in Israel, hoping to provoke an Israeli military response. The Iraqi government hoped that Arab states would withdraw from the coalition, as they would be reluctant to fight alongside Israel. US President
512:
On 19 May 1951, the Arab League Council established the successor to the defunct Permanent Boycott Committee, the Central Boycott Office (CBO), with its headquarters in Damascus, and branch offices established in each Arab League member state. The position of Boycott Commissioner was created to
327:
While in its heyday, the Arab boycott had a moderate negative impact on Israel's economy and development but also had significant negative effect on economic welfare in participating Arab countries, as the result of a deterioration in the foreign direct investment climate in the Arab world, and
544:
By 1953 the Arab boycott was a well-established feature of international trade relations, and becoming more brazen. In early 1953 the first reports were released about Arab attempts to make American and European airlines boycott Israel by refusing to service Israelis or land in Israel, or at a
323:
had a law, dating back to 1958, that forbade establishing relations with Israel, and outlawed business with citizens of Israel as well as business relationships with Israeli companies or companies with Israeli interests. The law also forbade the direct or indirect import of any Israeli goods.
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The Boycott Committee moved to Damascus, Syria in 1949, and called upon Arab states to set up national boycott offices. Later measures adopted by the Committee included requiring those selling goods to Arab states to provide a certificate of origin to prove the goods were not manufactured by
385:
On 2 December 1945, the newly formed Arab League, then comprising six members, issued its first call for an economic boycott of the Jewish community of Palestine. The declaration urged all Arab states (not just members) to prohibit the products and usage of the products of Jewish industry in
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A number of companies found ways of bypassing the boycott and managed to trade with both Israel and the Arab world. For example, some firms that did business with Arab countries officially complied with the boycott, but in practice subcontracted their trade with Israel to companies already
1288:
Despite the boycott, Israeli goods often do make it onto markets in boycotting Arab countries. The boycott evasion tactic of using a third country as a front to export Israeli goods to the Arab and Muslim world has been used. In addition, Israeli products are not heavily boycotted in the
516:
Boycotts were almost exclusively applied against specific individuals and firms in third countries, and very rarely against the countries themselves, excluding a few short-lived boycotts of countries in the early 1950s. A plan was made by the Arab League in 1952 to boycott the
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also do not have diplomatic relations with Israel — Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Brunei, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Mali, Niger, and Pakistan. In 2002, the Arab League offered normalisation of relations between Israel and Arab countries as part of the resolution of the
1229:. The boycott nevertheless has undoubtedly harmed Israel to some extent. The Israeli Chamber of Commerce estimates that with the boycott Israeli exports are 10 percent less than they would be without the boycott and investment in Israel likewise 10 percent lower.
475:
by Egyptian inspectors. A prize court established in Alexandria in 1949 authorized the seizure of cargo ships destined for Israel. In 1950, regulations were promulgated to allow the search of ships and aircraft and the seizure of Israeli-bound goods found within.
367:
from 1922. The original boycott forswore any dealings with any Jewish-owned business operating in Mandatory Palestine. Palestinian Arabs "who were found to have broken the boycott ... were physically attacked by their brethren and their merchandise damaged" when
1267:
and most Japanese cars were not to be found in Israel until the boycott began waning in the late 1980s. A similar situation existed in the Arab world which boycotted the products of companies that were selling in Israel as in the case of
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likewise agreed not to abide by the boycott that same year. In 1994 several of the Arab states of the Persian Gulf abandoned the secondary and tertiary boycotts. The period also saw "low-level diplomatic relations" between Israel and
538:, which had become a hub of illicit Arab-Israeli trade. The restrictions were greatly relaxed due to international criticism of the boycott of an entire state not involved in the Arab-Israeli conflict, but they were not eliminated.
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goods were to be considered "contraband" and were to be treated as war material — ships, chemicals, motor vehicles, money, gold, and fuel of any kind. At the time 90% of Israeli oil was supplied by Iran and imported through the
1820:
328:
reduction in the volume of trade. In subsequent years and deacdes, the boycott was sporadically applied and ambiguously enforced, and therefore no longer has significant effect on the Israeli or Arab economies. As of 2024,
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upon its establishment in 1948. However, as Israel's democratic nature became evident and its ties with Western states were solidified, the Soviet Union would view Israel as an enemy in the West vs. East dichotomy of the
949:, that is an indication that the person entered Israel, and a similar situation arises for land crossings into Jordan. Several Arab League member states now accept Israeli passports for transit passengers on flights.
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Products of Palestinian Jews are to be considered undesirable in Arab countries. They should be prohibited and refused as long as their production in Palestine might lead to the realization of Zionist political
503:
On 28 November 1953, Egypt increased expanded its list of "contraband" to include "foodstuffs and all other commodities likely to strengthen the potential of the Zionists in Palestine in any way whatsoever."
3277:
691:
were particularly popular hubs for smuggling Israeli goods into the Arab world due to their location, multilateral economic connections, large merchant fleets, and Cyprus' corporate and bank secrecy laws.
766:
As the boycott was relaxed (or rather, not as stringently enforced) starting in the late 1980s and early 1990s, many companies which previously stayed out of the Israeli market had entered it, e.g.
3705:
657:(GCC) states, ended their participation in the Arab boycott against Israel, and declared that total elimination of the boycott is a necessary step for peace and economic development in the region.
910:
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as a means of sharing the distribution of posts for General Assembly committees. Many UN bodies are allocated on the basis of geographical representation. Top leadership positions, including
868:
Today, 15 of the 22 members of the Arab League — Algeria, Comoros, Djibouti, Iraq, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Syria, Tunisia, and Yemen — do not
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in 1929. Another, stricter boycott was imposed on Jewish businesses following the riots that called on all of Arabs in the region to abide by its terms. The Arab Executive Committee of the
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negatively by losing trade with West Germany than vice versa. Similarly, at its second meeting on the boycott in 1953, the Arab League proposed a wide range of restrictions on trade with
2895:
2855:
2815:
2749:
2709:
2668:
2633:
4733:
2076:
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522:
4304:
3270:
3051:
3239:
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laws that seek to counteract the participation of U.S. citizens in other nation's economic boycotts or embargoes (although these laws do not restrict the ability to engage in
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began selling cars in Israel in 1991, although it claimed that it had never complied with the boycott, arguing that it did not have the resources to sell cars in the country.
4482:
3853:
736:
654:
316:
5224:
4696:
4690:
2385:
597:
2163:
3698:
3417:
902:
831:
majority of Arab states benefiting from trade with Israel, any "boycott" has become symbolic in nature, limited to bureaucratic slights such as passport restrictions.
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4678:
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926:
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A man at a service station reads about the gasoline rationing system in an afternoon newspaper; a sign in the background states that no gasoline is available. 1974
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goods produced with Israeli raw materials or components. In the same year, ships visiting an Arab port and an Israeli port within the same trip were blacklisted.
94:
49:
2459:
1217:, the boycott cannot be said to have affected it to the extent the Arabs intended. Israel's economy has performed relatively well since 1948, achieving a higher
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3073:
2993:
3691:
4423:
4417:
2239:
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has not passed legislation against the Arab boycott. Despite this, many companies in Western nations practice some degree of compliance with the boycott.
872:; with the exceptions being Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, Palestine, Sudan, and the United Arab Emirates. At Arab League urging, a further 9 members of
396:
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645:
2917:
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2122:
915:
5120:
4743:
4297:
3714:
4177:
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3803:
2446:
2434:
2422:
2410:
2372:
2360:
2348:
2336:
2312:
1957:
898:
3960:
4227:
4211:
922:
4793:
4107:
2278:
141:
5125:
4885:
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3206:
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of Israel. The Arab League cut off postal, telegraphic, and radio communications with Israel, and Arab states imposed a land, sea, and air
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However, this boycott was unsuccessful as Jewish lawyers, physicians, and hospitals were too heavily integrated into Palestinian society.
113:
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4024:
2520:
2509:
1123:
873:
869:
863:
404:
341:
262:
4411:
4335:
4203:
4167:
3225:
1516:
1338:
Agreements to furnish or actual furnishing of information about business relationships with or in Israel or with blacklisted companies.
1335:
Agreements to discriminate or actual discrimination against other persons based on race, religion, sex, national origin or nationality.
3563:
3477:
3202:
3040:
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2072:
55:
3175:
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The passports of some countries are not valid for travel to Israel, including Bangladesh, Brunei, Iran, Iraq, and Pakistan. Thirteen
120:
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3131:
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1993:
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estimates that Arab states lost an opportunity to export $ 10 billion worth of goods to Israel between 2000 and 2010. Moreover, the
851:
214:
160:
63:
4255:
4237:
4219:
905:, are rotated among the regional groups. The groups also coordinate substantive policy and form common fronts for negotiations and
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As part of the Arab opposition to the increasing Jewish presence in Mandatory Palestine, some Arab leaders sought to orchestrate
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127:
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Agreements to furnish or actual furnishing of information about the race, religion, sex, or national origin of another person.
261:(pre-state Jewish community in Palestine) was adopted by the Arab League in December 1945, and persisted against Israel after
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1834:
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774:. In 1985, the ban was lifted on Ford, which had been in place since the company had opened an assembly plant in Israel, and
98:
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699:
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3492:
109:
4245:
3811:
3528:
3467:
3397:
3013:
1884:
679:) which preferred to pay the fines and continue boycotting Israel rather than lose their business with the Arab world.
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4020:
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1932:
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Joyce Shems Sharon. The Arab Boycott Against Israel and Its Unintended Impact on Arab Economic Walfare. May 2003.
1395:, for "pronounced pro-Israeli sympathies" and "help to collect donations for Israel" (also converted to Judaism)
1310:
1237:
878:
4143:
4125:
2232:
1379:
549:
4828:
4357:
4353:
4032:
3926:
3312:
1670:
760:
541:
The boycott of third parties (secondary boycott) originally applied solely to funds and strategic commodities.
4399:
2265:
973: Countries that reject passports from Israel and any other passport which contain Israeli stamps or visas
952:
2971:
4856:
4624:
3427:
1290:
796:
The Arab League boycott of Israel extends to military and security non-cooperation. For example, before the
87:
2119:
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for filming a movie in Israel, taken off the blacklist when she promised not to be in any more films there.
134:
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4010:
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1680:
1318:
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667:
613:
800:(1990–91) the United States sought to form a military coalition that included Arab countries to confront
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In 1946, the Arab League established the Permanent Boycott Committee, based in Cairo, Egypt. After the
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Agreements to refuse or actual refusal to do business with or in Israel or with blacklisted companies.
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The following is a list of notable corporations that were at any time blacklisted in the Arab world.
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299:(2020), signed peace treaties or agreements that ended their participation in the boycott of Israel.
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2273:(2 ed.). New York: Permanent Mission of Switzerland to the United Nations. 2017. p. 124.
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allow the UAE and Bahrain, along with other countries in the region, to fly over Israeli airspace.
3211:
1413:, for "pronounced pro-Israeli sympathies" and "help to collect donations for Israel" (also Jewish)
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and often make it into the larger Arab world through the Palestinians or other neutral countries.
763:
but came back on the promise following its acceptance into the organization on December 11, 2005.
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4628:
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3729:
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2172:
1759:
1718:
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1534:
1410:
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732:
650:
353:
312:
249:
1629:
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4329:
3829:
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3548:
3335:
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3148:
3127:
2911:
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2831:
2765:
2725:
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2274:
2190:
2147:
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2019:
1989:
1983:
1642:
The following is a list of notable films that were at any time blacklisted in the Arab world.
1599:
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The following is a list of notable people who were at any time blacklisted in the Arab world.
1346:
1214:
810:
775:
3121:
2517:
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2013:
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3787:
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1589:
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942:
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2126:
1655:
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1431:
1404:
1064:
583:
556:
Further intensification of the boycott and international capitulation to tertiary boycotts
3123:
From Boycott to Economic Cooperation: The Political Economy of the Arab Boycott of Israel
755:, which never applied the boycott, established diplomatic relations with Israel in 1999.
303:, which never applied the boycott, established diplomatic relations with Israel in 1999.
344:. Syria is the only country to continue to enforce the secondary and tertiary boycotts.
192:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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The Arab boycott of Israel escalated with the 1973 oil crisis, when the members of the
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Conduct that may be penalized under the TRA and/or prohibited under the EAR includes:
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3014:"Israelis doing business in Dubai will wait out storm - Middle East - Jerusalem Post"
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Cost of Conflict in the Middle East report by Strategic Foresight Group, January 2009
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1506:, for purported Israeli nationality, taken off after this was discovered to be false
1419:, for "pronounced pro-Israeli sympathies" and "help to collect donations for Israel"
666:
but they typically went unenforced everywhere except the United States. In 1977 the
5008:
4568:
3887:
3665:
3442:
3355:
2785:
1936:
1919:
1554:
1503:
1498:
1492:
1441:
1302:
1159:
805:
756:
671:
257:
other companies that do business with Israel. An official organized boycott of the
3497:
1221:
per capita than that of all Arab countries except for the oil-rich gulf states of
1825:
1359:
was the industrialized nation that complied most with the boycott. As a result,
5181:
5090:
4802:
4618:
3779:
3752:
3608:
3402:
3041:"Boycotts and Business in the Middle East: A Reminder of U.S. Anti-Boycott Laws"
1623:
1480:
1462:
1451:
1446:
1436:
1416:
1401:, her films were banned after converting to Judaism and purchasing Israeli bonds
1256:
906:
629:
480:
245:
229:
76:
2296:"Israel Invited To Join the Western European and Others Group (WEOG) in Geneva"
1232:
Arab states suffer economically from the boycott as well. In its report on the
424:
340:(which is not a member of the Arab League) also enforces it as a member of the
265:. The boycott was designed to weaken Jewish industry in Palestine and to deter
4983:
4899:
4405:
3326:
3150:
Understanding the Volatile and Dangerous Middle East: A Comprehensive Analysis
2592:"Travel Advice for Yemen - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade"
2537:"Travel Advice for Libya - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade"
2507:
Travel Advice for Lebanon - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade
1695:
1486:
1468:
1008:
752:
720:
336:
are the only Arab states which actively enforce the primary boycott, although
300:
2460:"Travel Advice for Iran - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade"
929:(FATF), instead being an observer in the European regional FAFT style group,
909:. Israel is geographically in Asia, but it has been blocked from joining the
759:
had pledged to end its economic boycott as a condition for membership in the
5074:
4533:
3437:
3387:
2562:
Travel Advice for Syria - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade
1676:
1539:
1269:
921:
Another boycott has been applied to Israel's potential participation in the
843:
839:
17:
1614:
771:
428:
Countries that participated in the Arab League boycott of Israel up to 1987
804:’s Iraq following his invasion of Kuwait. During the war, Iraq fired many
698:
was the first nation to abandon boycott, doing so in 1980 after signing a
4948:
2267:
The GA Handbook: A practical guide to the United Nations General Assembly
1619:
1609:
1133:
1117:
1034:
930:
797:
791:
567:
471:
Israeli goods, shipped through Alexandria, Port Suez and Port Said, were
456: Non-member states of Arab League participating in certain years
409:
3217:
1763:
588:
5064:
5054:
5028:
5013:
4988:
4973:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4612:
3603:
3558:
3533:
2255:
Since the publication of this document, Maldives has recognized Israel.
1982:
Louis, Wm Roger; Shlaim, Avi; Louis, William Roger (13 February 2012).
1091:
995:
748:
744:
740:
716:
609:
526:
333:
308:
304:
296:
284:
675:
Commerce. Despite the fines, there were some American companies (like
5059:
4968:
4963:
3593:
3588:
3345:
3340:
1793:
Culture and Civilization: Volume 2: Beyond Positivism and Historicism
1755:
1564:
1277:
1255:
Because of the boycott, products that were ubiquitous throughout the
1222:
1078:
1021:
779:
707:
688:
684:
621:
535:
472:
280:
266:
258:
253:
990:
Israeli stamps or any other indication of a connection with Israel
488:. To prevent Iranian oil from entering Israel, Egypt blockaded the
252:
economic and other relations between Arabs and the Arab states and
5069:
5038:
5023:
5018:
5003:
4978:
4953:
3628:
3598:
3543:
3432:
3422:
3364:
3321:
2108:
Economic Warfare: Sanctions, Embargo Busting, and Their Human Cost
1378:
1356:
1260:
1226:
1185:
1172:
1146:
1104:
951:
833:
827:
728:
695:
644:
625:
587:
329:
320:
292:
272:
234:
228:
1777:
1252:
of not exporting oil to Israel in the second half of the decade.
525:
with Israel, which would provide Israel with restitution for the
400:
Jews) and Arab states neighboring Palestine continued to thrive.
4993:
4958:
1245:
1213:
Although it cannot be estimated to what extent the boycott hurt
1060:
1047:
724:
605:
601:
337:
4775:
4286:
3687:
3259:
3221:
2932:"Israel and UAE in historic direct flight following peace deal"
1122:
Admission refused unless holding a letter of approval from the
4771:
1604:
1529:
172:
70:
29:
778:, although five other companies were added to the blacklist.
706:
In 1995, a year after it signed a peace treaty with Israel,
2207:
The Gulf Conflict: Diplomacy and War in the New World Order
3103:
Impact of U.S. Policy on the Arab League Boycott of Israel
1951:"THE ISRAELI ANTI-BOYCOTT LAW: SHOULD ARTISTS BE WORRIED?"
2015:
The Canadian Yearbook of International Law, Vol. 30, 1992
1742:
Turck, Nancy (April 1977). "The Arab Boycott of Israel".
2143:
Arabs End Boycott of 2 U.S. Firms but Blacklist 5 Others
923:
Middle East and North Africa Financial Action Task Force
1916:
The Continuum Political Encyclopedia of the Middle East
1309:
campaigns.) These laws are the 1977 amendments to the
3176:"Why The Middle East Went To War With 'Wonder Woman'"
2300:
U.S. Mission to International Organizations in Geneva
1867:"Sudan working to cancel Israel boycott law - report"
27:
Political strategy adopted by the Arab League in 1945
2950:"Israel and Jordan sign historic airspace agreement"
1885:"Sudan officially annuls 63-year Israel boycott law"
1626:
anti-aircraft missile systems to Israel in the 1970s
5134:
5103:
5083:
5047:
4924:
4917:
4837:
4711:
4554:
4432:
4321:
4055:
3918:
3763:
3721:
3658:
3637:
3581:
3511:
3380:
3373:
3303:
2133:. April 6, 2006; 22:08. Retrieved January 28, 2015.
2007:
2005:
1985:
The 1967 Arab-Israeli War: Origins and Consequences
737:
Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf
655:
Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf
561:was one of the first countries to recognize Israel
548:On 11 December 1954 the Arab League Council passed
317:
Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf
311:do not enforce the boycott. In 1994, following the
101:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2994:'Foreign Firms Yielding To Arab Boycott Of Israel'
2619:, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Brunei.
2327:, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Brunei.
870:recognise or have diplomatic relations with Israel
598:Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries
3039:Bracewell & Giuliani LLP (19 December 2011).
967: Countries that reject passports from Israel
3115:
3113:
3111:
2220:Gideon's Spies: The Secret History of the Mossad
927:Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering
388:
893:United Nations members formed themselves into
4787:
4298:
3699:
3271:
3233:
8:
2161:Toyota to Sell Cars in Israel, Officials Say
1750:(3). Council on Foreign Relations: 472–493.
2386:"Pakistan K1 Fiancee Visa Processing Times"
1933:"From boycott to economic cooperation ...."
1248:together stand to lose $ 30 billion as the
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
4921:
4824:
4794:
4780:
4772:
4757:Israeli–Lebanese maritime border agreement
4305:
4291:
4283:
3706:
3692:
3684:
3377:
3278:
3264:
3256:
3240:
3226:
3218:
2075:. University of Wisconsin. 26 April 2010.
977:
5187:Union of Arab National Olympic Committees
4467:UN Security Council (UNSC) Resolution 242
4441:UN General Assembly (UNGA) Resolution 194
2680:"Travel Advice and Advisories for Kuwait"
2102:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2094:
1321:(TRA). The antiboycott provisions of the
943:countries do not accept Israeli passports
916:United Nations Commission on Human Rights
215:Learn how and when to remove this message
161:Learn how and when to remove this message
2786:"Travel Advice and Advisories for Qatar"
1910:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1515:
1489:, for performing in Israel (also Jewish)
1477:, for performing in Israel (also Jewish)
612:in October 1973, following the American
423:
3804:Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon
2447:International Air Transport Association
2435:International Air Transport Association
2423:International Air Transport Association
2411:International Air Transport Association
2373:International Air Transport Association
2361:International Air Transport Association
2349:International Air Transport Association
2337:International Air Transport Association
2313:International Air Transport Association
1922:. New York: Continuum, 2002. pp. 54-57
1852:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1734:
608:plus Egypt and Syria) announced an oil
508:Establishment of Central Boycott Office
4749:Israel–Morocco normalization agreement
4739:Bahrain–Israel normalization agreement
2916:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2909:
2876:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2869:
2836:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2829:
2770:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2763:
2730:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2723:
2654:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2647:
2594:. Smartraveller.gov.au. Archived from
2539:. Smartraveller.gov.au. Archived from
2462:. Smartraveller.gov.au. Archived from
2231:United States Congress (5 June 2008).
2209:, 1990–1991 (Princeton, 1993), 331–41.
2120:Congress to Saudis: End Israel Boycott
1679:, is Israeli and previously undertook
578:Height of the boycott — the Oil Crisis
5225:Politics of the Arab–Israeli conflict
2617:Country category for visa application
2325:Country category for visa application
1810:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1795:. Transaction Publishers. p. 91.
979:Countries with restrictions in place
370:Palestinian Arabs rioted in Jerusalem
7:
5121:Arab League–European Union relations
4744:Israel–Sudan normalization agreement
4483:Israel–Syria disengagement agreement
4160:Southern Israel cross-border attacks
4072:Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel
4003:Iraqi missile attacks against Israel
3207:United States Department of Commerce
3078:U.S. Bureau of Industry and Security
2205:Lawrence Freedman and Efraim Karsh,
1963:from the original on 8 December 2015
858:Recognition and diplomatic relations
99:adding citations to reliable sources
3054:from the original on 8 January 2012
3018:The Jerusalem Post | Jpost.com
2954:The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com
2039:Kumaraswamy, P. R. (28 July 2010).
1871:The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com
925:(MENAFATF), a regional body of the
874:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
864:International recognition of Israel
444: Joined full boycott later
405:Israeli declaration of independence
342:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
4734:Israel–UAE normalization agreement
4625:Beirut Summit and peace initiative
3478:Palestinian Popular Struggle Front
3074:"Office of Antiboycott Compliance"
2079:from the original on 10 March 2016
1427:pro-Jewish and pro-Israel activism
462: Israel (target of boycott)
25:
2449:(IATA), Travel Information Manual
2437:(IATA), Travel Information Manual
2425:(IATA), Travel Information Manual
2413:(IATA), Travel Information Manual
2375:(IATA), Travel Information Manual
2363:(IATA), Travel Information Manual
2351:(IATA), Travel Information Manual
2339:(IATA), Travel Information Manual
2315:(IATA), Travel Information Manual
2245:from the original on 1 April 2017
1724:Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions
1323:Export Administration Regulations
903:President of the General Assembly
852:Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions
813:pressured Israeli Prime Minister
438: Full boycott since 1948
386:Palestine. The declaration read:
233:Headquarters of the Arab League,
45:This article has multiple issues.
4908:
4823:
4814:
4813:
4663:Agreement on Movement and Access
3203:Office of Antiboycott Compliance
3147:Carol, Steven (25 August 2015).
2792:from the original on 1 July 2014
2686:from the original on 1 July 2014
2488:. Voyage.gc.ca. 16 November 2012
2012:Bourne, C. B. (1 October 1993).
1819: This article incorporates
1814:
1698:
1367:Notable targets of the blacklist
1297:Foreign reactions to the boycott
267:Jewish immigration to the region
177:
75:
34:
4697:Israeli–Palestinian peace talks
4691:Israeli–Palestinian peace talks
4659:Israeli disengagement from Gaza
3864:Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114
3745:Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency
3503:Syrian Social Nationalist Party
2294:Kerry, John (3 December 2013).
2189:. Feldheim Publishers, p. 179.
1791:Horowitz, Irving Louis (2011).
1242:Arab states of the Persian Gulf
1154:Admission occasionally refused
1086:Admission occasionally refused
1055:Admission occasionally refused
1039:Admission occasionally refused
359:Boycotts in Mandatory Palestine
110:"Arab League boycott of Israel"
86:needs additional citations for
53:or discuss these issues on the
4336:McMahon–Hussein Correspondence
4152:Palestinian militancy campaign
1988:. Cambridge University Press.
1835:Congressional Research Service
1363:were limited until the 1990s.
1301:The United States adopted two
450: Only primary boycott
1:
5116:Arab League monitors in Syria
4882:United States Central Command
4424:American trusteeship proposal
3493:Popular Resistance Committees
2045:. Columbia University Press.
1914:Feiler, Gil. "Arab Boycott."
1827:Arab League Boycott of Israel
620:. The OAPEC embargo targeted
244:is a strategy adopted by the
242:Arab League boycott of Israel
4886:United States military bases
2518:Lebanese Ministry of Tourism
751:do not enforce the boycott.
670:passed a law that President
5157:Economic and Social Council
4021:Palestinian suicide attacks
1648:I Love You, Alice B. Toklas
889:Other diplomatic exclusions
600:(OAPEC, consisting of nine
519:Federal Republic of Germany
397:Partition Plan of Palestine
374:Syrian-Palestinian Congress
5241:
4597:Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum
4585:Beilin–Abu Mazen agreement
4579:Israel–Jordan peace treaty
4511:Palestinian autonomy talks
2573:Syrian Ministry of Tourism
1483:, for performing in Israel
1471:, for performing in Israel
1465:, for performing in Israel
1459:, for performing in Israel
1407:, for performing in Israel
861:
789:
616:to Israel during the 1973
581:
351:
5177:
4906:
4809:
4507:Egypt–Israel peace treaty
4364:Faisal–Weizmann agreement
4282:
3683:
3398:al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades
3255:
3163:– via Google Books.
3126:. Routledge. p. 33.
2187:Beyond a Reasonable Doubt
2185:Waldman, Shmuel (2005).
2055:– via Google Books.
2028:– via Google Books.
1998:– via Google Books.
1311:Export Administration Act
1238:Strategic Foresight Group
1184:
1171:
1158:
1145:
1132:
1116:
1103:
1090:
1077:
1059:
1046:
1033:
1020:
1007:
994:
989:
986:
983:
879:Palestine-Israel conflict
826:Today, most Arab states,
731:. In 1994, following the
381:First Arab League boycott
263:its establishment in 1948
248:and its member states to
186:This article needs to be
4546:Israel–Lebanon agreement
4358:Anglo-French Declaration
4354:Declaration to the Seven
3927:Misgav Am hostage crisis
2486:"Travel Report - Kuwait"
1675:(2017); the title star,
1667:(1986), filmed in Israel
1659:(1980), filmed in Israel
1651:(1968), filmed in Israel
1124:Ministry of Home Affairs
786:Military non-cooperation
761:World Trade Organization
710:lifted its boycott. The
641:Weakening of the boycott
412:on the fledgling state.
4238:Israel–Palestine crisis
4089:Bringing Home the Goods
3428:Guardians of the Cedars
1291:Palestinian territories
4655:Sharm El Sheikh Summit
4575:Gaza–Jericho Agreement
4457:Tripartite Declaration
4080:Ain es Saheb airstrike
3961:South Lebanon conflict
2073:"Responding to Crisis"
1821:public domain material
1521:
1387:
1361:Israel–Japan relations
1319:Tax Reform Act of 1976
1204:Effects of the boycott
975:
847:
668:United States Congress
658:
593:
468:
393:
237:
5111:Arab Peace Initiative
4891:Joint Defence Council
4703:John Kerry Parameters
4376:Churchill White Paper
4342:Sykes–Picot Agreement
3898:Coastal Road massacre
3519:Arab Higher Committee
3408:Arab Liberation Front
3351:Palestinian Authority
3249:Arab–Israeli conflict
2999:The Milwaukee Journal
2042:India's Israel Policy
1685:Israel Defense Forces
1519:
1382:
955:
883:Arab Peace Initiative
837:
712:Palestinian Authority
648:
591:
523:Reparations Agreement
427:
277:Palestinian Authority
232:
5034:United Arab Emirates
4685:Annapolis Conference
4679:UNSC Resolution 1701
4669:UNSC Resolution 1850
4651:UNSC Resolution 1583
4645:UNSC Resolution 1566
4641:UNSC Resolution 1559
4591:Wye River Memorandum
4447:Armistice agreements
4204:Gaza border protests
4126:Gaza–Israel conflict
3838:Lod Airport massacre
3671:United Arab Republic
3614:United Arab Emirates
3524:Arab Liberation Army
2788:. 16 November 2012.
2682:. 16 November 2012.
2392:on 14 September 2011
1940:. 2 September 2009.
1714:Antisemitic boycotts
1284:Avoiding the boycott
1236:in the Middle East,
822:Contemporary boycott
521:after it signed the
479:On 6 February 1950,
365:anti-Jewish boycotts
95:improve this article
4528:UNSC Resolution 497
4522:UNSC Resolution 478
4516:UNSC Resolution 452
4503:UNSC Resolution 446
4493:UNSC Resolution 425
4487:UNSC Resolution 350
4477:UNSC Resolution 339
4473:UNSC Resolution 338
4463:Khartoum Resolution
4451:Lausanne Conference
4400:Morrison–Grady Plan
4370:San Remo conference
4348:Balfour Declaration
4220:Gaza–Israel clashes
4212:Gaza–Israel clashes
3987:Mothers' Bus attack
3564:Revolutionary Cells
3120:Gil Feiler (2013).
3105:by Adam B. Cordover
3047:National Law Review
3002:- February 24, 1975
2974:on 28 November 2011
2636:on 15 February 2017
1630:Marks & Spencer
987:Citizens of Israel
980:
937:Travel restrictions
5220:Boycotts of Israel
4673:Quartet Principles
4607:Clinton Parameters
4497:Camp David Accords
3880:Savoy Hotel attack
3730:1948 Palestine war
3569:South Lebanon Army
3458:Muslim Brotherhood
2578:2012-05-05 at the
2567:2008-12-19 at the
2543:on 11 October 2015
2523:2009-03-27 at the
2512:2008-12-24 at the
2173:The New York Times
2166:2017-03-14 at the
2125:2015-12-08 at the
2118:Freund, Michael. "
1719:Boycotts of Israel
1570:Ford Motor Company
1522:
1411:Edward G. Robinson
1388:
1315:Ribicoff Amendment
1193:Admission refused
1190:Admission refused
1180:Admission refused
1177:Admission refused
1167:Admission refused
1164:Admission refused
1138:Admission refused
1112:Admission refused
1109:Admission refused
1099:Admission refused
1096:Admission refused
1083:Admission refused
1073:Admission refused
1070:Admission refused
1052:Admission refused
1026:Admission refused
1013:Admission refused
1000:Admission refused
978:
976:
848:
733:Oslo Peace Accords
659:
651:Oslo Peace Accords
594:
469:
354:Boycotts of Israel
313:Oslo Peace Accords
238:
5202:
5201:
5126:Foreign relations
5099:
5098:
4769:
4768:
4765:
4764:
4635:Geneva Initiative
4603:Camp David Summit
4563:Madrid Conference
4540:Reagan peace plan
4513:
4418:UN Partition Plan
4412:London Conference
4394:London Conference
4330:Damascus Protocol
4278:
4277:
4179:Pillar of Defense
3830:Sabena Flight 571
3796:Battle of Karameh
3715:Armed engagements
3679:
3678:
3577:
3576:
3549:Japanese Red Army
3304:Primary countries
2938:. 31 August 2020.
2598:on 20 August 2011
2280:978-0-615-49660-3
2148:Los Angeles Times
1681:mandatory service
1550:McDonnell Douglas
1386:in September 1954
1347:Western countries
1197:
1196:
899:Secretary-General
776:Colgate-Palmolive
467:
466:
225:
224:
217:
207:
206:
171:
170:
163:
145:
68:
16:(Redirected from
5232:
4922:
4912:
4827:
4826:
4817:
4816:
4796:
4789:
4782:
4773:
4723:Trump peace plan
4715:
4509:
4307:
4300:
4293:
4284:
4269:
4266:Israel–Hamas war
4261:
4257:Shield and Arrow
4251:
4241:
4233:
4223:
4215:
4207:
4199:
4196:Wave of violence
4191:
4183:
4173:
4163:
4155:
4147:
4139:
4129:
4121:
4113:
4103:
4093:
4083:
4075:
4067:
4048:
4038:
4028:
4016:
4006:
3998:
3990:
3982:
3974:
3964:
3956:
3948:
3940:
3930:
3911:
3901:
3893:
3883:
3875:
3872:Ma'alot massacre
3867:
3859:
3849:
3841:
3833:
3825:
3817:
3807:
3799:
3791:
3788:War of Attrition
3783:
3775:
3756:
3748:
3740:
3737:Arab–Israeli War
3732:
3708:
3701:
3694:
3685:
3582:Other countries
3378:
3318:Egyptian Kingdom
3280:
3273:
3266:
3257:
3242:
3235:
3228:
3219:
3212:The Arab Boycott
3191:
3190:
3188:
3186:
3171:
3165:
3164:
3144:
3138:
3137:
3117:
3106:
3100:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3084:on 19 March 2006
3080:. Archived from
3070:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3059:
3036:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3025:
3009:
3003:
2991:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2970:. Archived from
2964:
2958:
2957:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2928:
2922:
2921:
2915:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2894:. Archived from
2888:
2882:
2881:
2875:
2867:
2865:
2863:
2854:. Archived from
2848:
2842:
2841:
2835:
2827:
2825:
2823:
2814:. Archived from
2808:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2782:
2776:
2775:
2769:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2748:. Archived from
2742:
2736:
2735:
2729:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2708:. Archived from
2702:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2676:
2670:
2666:
2660:
2659:
2653:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2632:. Archived from
2626:
2620:
2614:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2588:
2582:
2559:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2548:
2533:
2527:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2456:
2450:
2444:
2438:
2432:
2426:
2420:
2414:
2408:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2388:. Archived from
2382:
2376:
2370:
2364:
2358:
2352:
2346:
2340:
2334:
2328:
2322:
2316:
2310:
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2237:
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2222:
2218:Thomas, Gordon,
2216:
2210:
2203:
2197:
2183:
2177:
2176:, April 11, 1991
2158:
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2089:
2088:
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2069:
2063:
2057:
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2036:
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2009:
2000:
1999:
1979:
1973:
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1968:
1962:
1955:
1947:
1941:
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1767:
1756:10.2307/20039682
1739:
1708:
1703:
1702:
1701:
1622:, for supplying
1575:General Electric
1520:Coca-Cola bottle
1399:Elizabeth Taylor
1250:opportunity cost
1234:cost of conflict
1215:Israel's economy
1209:Economic effects
1065:Kurdistan Region
981:
972:
966:
960:
614:resupply of arms
490:Straits of Tiran
486:Straits of Tiran
461:
455:
449:
443:
437:
431:
430:
220:
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4904:
4833:
4805:
4800:
4770:
4761:
4729:Abraham Accords
4713:
4707:
4550:
4532:1981–1982
4428:
4382:Peel Commission
4317:
4315:peace proposals
4311:
4274:
4264:
4254:
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4236:
4226:
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4132:
4124:
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4096:
4086:
4078:
4070:
4064:Second Intifada
4062:
4051:
4044:Grapes of Wrath
4041:
4031:
4019:
4009:
4001:
3993:
3985:
3977:
3967:
3959:
3951:
3943:
3933:
3925:
3914:
3904:
3896:
3886:
3878:
3870:
3862:
3852:
3846:Munich massacre
3844:
3836:
3828:
3820:
3810:
3802:
3794:
3786:
3778:
3770:
3759:
3751:
3743:
3735:
3728:
3717:
3712:
3675:
3654:
3633:
3573:
3529:Black September
3507:
3448:Lebanese Forces
3369:
3365:Ba'athist Syria
3361:Syrian Republic
3306:and authorities
3305:
3299:
3298:
3284:
3251:
3246:
3199:
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3182:
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3067:
3057:
3055:
3038:
3037:
3033:
3023:
3021:
3012:Friedman, Ron.
3011:
3010:
3006:
2992:
2988:
2977:
2975:
2966:
2965:
2961:
2948:
2947:
2943:
2930:
2929:
2925:
2908:
2901:
2899:
2898:on 1 March 2017
2892:"Archived copy"
2890:
2889:
2885:
2868:
2861:
2859:
2858:on 1 March 2017
2852:"Archived copy"
2850:
2849:
2845:
2828:
2821:
2819:
2818:on 1 March 2017
2812:"Archived copy"
2810:
2809:
2805:
2795:
2793:
2784:
2783:
2779:
2762:
2755:
2753:
2752:on 1 March 2017
2746:"Archived copy"
2744:
2743:
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2722:
2715:
2713:
2712:on 1 March 2017
2706:"Archived copy"
2704:
2703:
2699:
2689:
2687:
2678:
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2673:
2667:
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2646:
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2630:"Archived copy"
2628:
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2580:Wayback Machine
2569:Wayback Machine
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2168:Wayback Machine
2159:
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2151:, July 19, 1985
2141:
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2127:Wayback Machine
2117:
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2106:Naylor, R. T.:
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2071:
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1981:
1980:
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1896:
1889:Times of Israel
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1744:Foreign Affairs
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1694:
1656:The Big Red One
1640:
1635:
1585:Hughes Aircraft
1580:Hewlett Packard
1514:
1509:
1432:Harry Belafonte
1405:Louis Armstrong
1374:
1369:
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1211:
1206:
974:
970:
968:
964:
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939:
895:regional groups
891:
866:
860:
838:BDS protest in
824:
794:
788:
643:
586:
584:1973 oil crisis
580:
558:
529:of Jews during
510:
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4313:Diplomacy and
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4169:Returning Echo
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4049:
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4034:Accountability
4029:
4017:
4007:
3999:
3991:
3983:
3979:First Intifada
3975:
3965:
3957:
3953:Bus 300 affair
3949:
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3894:
3884:
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3842:
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3826:
3822:Yom Kippur War
3818:
3808:
3800:
3792:
3784:
3776:
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3653:
3652:
3650:United Nations
3647:
3645:European Union
3641:
3639:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3619:United Kingdom
3616:
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3455:
3453:al-Mourabitoun
3450:
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3415:
3410:
3405:
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3336:Ba'athist Iraq
3329:
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3309:
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3197:External links
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2968:"Publications"
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2737:
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2466:on 10 May 2008
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2257:
2233:"H. RES. 1249"
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2178:
2153:
2135:
2131:Jerusalem Post
2111:
2090:
2064:
2058:
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2024:
2001:
1994:
1974:
1942:
1931:Feiler, Gil.
1924:
1894:
1876:
1858:
1840:
1798:
1783:
1780:. 3 June 2016.
1778:"Arab Boycott"
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1396:
1393:Marilyn Monroe
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1384:Marilyn Monroe
1373:
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1351:United Kingdom
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1313:(EAA) and the
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815:Yitzhak Shamir
790:Main article:
787:
784:
649:Following the
642:
639:
634:United Kingdom
618:Yom Kippur War
582:Main article:
579:
576:
557:
554:
550:Resolution 849
509:
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403:Following the
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14:
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10:
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4410:1946–47
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2018:. UBC Press.
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494:Gulf of Aqaba
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151:December 2015
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112: –
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84:This article
82:
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67:
65:
58:
57:
52:
51:
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41:
32:
31:
19:
5164:Institutions
5142:Demographics
5009:Saudi Arabia
4867:Headquarters
4671: /
4661: /
4657: /
4653: /
4643: /
4627: /
4605: /
4577: /
4569:Oslo Accords
4514: /
4505: /
4495: /
4485: /
4475: /
4465: /
4449: /
4356: /
4256:
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4099:Summer Rains
4098:
4088:
4043:
4033:
4023:(1993–2008;
4012:Bramble Bush
4011:
3969:
3935:
3906:
3888:
3854:
3812:
3666:Soviet Union
3356:Saudi Arabia
3185:29 September
3183:. Retrieved
3179:
3169:
3149:
3142:
3122:
3098:
3086:. Retrieved
3082:the original
3068:
3056:. Retrieved
3044:
3034:
3022:. Retrieved
3017:
3007:
2997:
2989:
2976:. Retrieved
2972:the original
2962:
2953:
2944:
2935:
2926:
2900:. Retrieved
2896:the original
2886:
2860:. Retrieved
2856:the original
2846:
2820:. Retrieved
2816:the original
2806:
2794:. Retrieved
2780:
2754:. Retrieved
2750:the original
2740:
2714:. Retrieved
2710:the original
2700:
2688:. Retrieved
2674:
2664:
2638:. Retrieved
2634:the original
2624:
2612:
2600:. Retrieved
2596:the original
2586:
2557:
2545:. Retrieved
2541:the original
2531:
2502:
2490:. Retrieved
2480:
2468:. Retrieved
2464:the original
2454:
2442:
2430:
2418:
2406:
2394:. Retrieved
2390:the original
2380:
2368:
2356:
2344:
2332:
2320:
2308:
2299:
2289:
2266:
2260:
2247:. Retrieved
2226:
2219:
2214:
2206:
2201:
2186:
2181:
2171:
2156:
2146:
2138:
2130:
2114:
2107:
2081:. Retrieved
2067:
2061:
2041:
2034:
2014:
1984:
1977:
1965:. Retrieved
1945:
1937:Google Books
1935:
1927:
1920:Avraham Sela
1915:
1888:
1879:
1870:
1861:
1826:
1792:
1786:
1772:
1747:
1743:
1737:
1672:Wonder Woman
1671:
1662:
1654:
1646:
1641:
1632:(until 2007)
1555:Bantam Books
1523:
1512:Corporations
1504:Raquel Welch
1499:Phil Silvers
1493:Sophia Loren
1475:Paul Stewart
1442:Kirk Douglas
1375:
1355:
1344:
1327:
1303:anti-boycott
1300:
1287:
1254:
1231:
1212:
1198:
1160:Saudi Arabia
1063:(except for
961: Israel
940:
920:
892:
867:
849:
825:
795:
765:
757:Saudi Arabia
705:
700:peace treaty
694:
681:
672:Jimmy Carter
664:
660:
595:
572:
562:
559:
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275:(1979), the
271:
241:
239:
226:
211:
195:
187:
157:
148:
138:
131:
124:
117:
105:
93:Please help
88:verification
85:
61:
54:
48:
47:Please help
44:
18:Arab boycott
5215:Arab League
5182:Pan-Arabism
5091:South Sudan
4819:Arab League
4803:Arab League
4619:Taba Summit
4388:White Paper
4268:(2023–2024)
4198:(2015–2016)
4146:(2008–2009)
4138:(2007–2008)
4118:Lebanon War
4066:(2000–2005)
3981:(1987–1993)
3945:Lebanon War
3858:(1972–1979)
3806:(1968–1982)
3790:(1967–1970)
3780:Six-Day War
3753:Suez Crisis
3747:(1949–1956)
3739:(1948–1949)
3609:North Korea
3403:Arab League
3292:Authorities
3174:Cain, Rob.
3024:28 November
3020:. Jpost.com
2978:11 November
1967:29 November
1664:Delta Force
1481:Roger Moore
1463:Mick Jagger
1452:Paul Newman
1447:Jerry Lewis
1437:Helen Hayes
1417:Eartha Kitt
1349:, only the
1345:Of all the
1257:First World
907:bloc voting
630:Netherlands
604:members of
527:slave labor
481:King Farouk
473:confiscated
295:(2020) and
246:Arab League
5209:Categories
5084:Candidates
4984:Mauritania
4918:Membership
4900:Arab Union
4895:Parliament
4755:2022
4727:2020
4721:2019
4701:2016
4695:2013
4689:2010
4683:2007
4677:2006
4667:2006
4649:2005
4639:2004
4633:2003
4623:2002
4617:2001
4611:2000
4601:2000
4595:1999
4589:1998
4583:1995
4573:1994
4567:1993
4561:1991
4544:1983
4538:1982
4526:1981
4520:1980
4501:1979
4491:1978
4481:1974
4471:1973
4461:1967
4455:1950
4445:1949
4439:1948
4422:1948
4416:1947
4406:Bevin Plan
4404:1947
4398:1946
4392:1939
4386:1939
4380:1937
4374:1922
4368:1920
4362:1919
4352:1918
4346:1917
4340:1916
4334:1915
4328:1914
4322:Background
4229:Black Belt
4135:Hot Winter
3995:Tunis raid
3970:Wooden Leg
3327:Hamas Gaza
3058:31 January
2249:19 October
1730:References
1487:Paul Simon
1469:Elton John
1265:McDonald's
1259:, such as
1009:Bangladesh
911:Asia group
862:See also:
768:McDonald's
753:Mauritania
721:Mauritania
677:McDonald's
637:continue.
352:See also:
301:Mauritania
121:newspapers
50:improve it
5104:Diplomacy
5075:Venezuela
5048:Observers
4999:Palestine
4862:Geography
4555:1991–2016
4534:Fahd Plan
4433:1948–1983
4056:2000–2021
3919:1980–1999
3764:1960–1979
3722:1947–1959
3498:as-Sa'iqa
3438:Hezbollah
3388:Abu Nidal
3289:Countries
2396:27 August
2083:5 January
1677:Gal Gadot
1540:Coca-Cola
1270:Coca-Cola
844:Australia
840:Melbourne
56:talk page
4949:Djibouti
4877:Military
4839:Politics
4629:Road map
4188:Gaza War
4144:Gaza War
3322:Republic
3088:2 August
3052:Archived
2936:BBC News
2912:cite web
2872:cite web
2832:cite web
2790:Archived
2766:cite web
2726:cite web
2684:Archived
2650:cite web
2576:Archived
2565:Archived
2521:Archived
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2240:Archived
2164:Archived
2123:Archived
2077:Archived
1958:Archived
1764:20039682
1692:See also
1620:Raytheon
1610:Citibank
1134:Pakistan
1118:Malaysia
1035:Djibouti
984:Country
956:Legend:
931:Moneyval
846:in 2010.
818:Israel.
798:Gulf War
792:Gulf War
568:Cold War
492:and the
410:blockade
291:(2020),
287:(2020),
283:(1994),
279:(1993),
5147:Economy
5065:Eritrea
5055:Armenia
5029:Tunisia
5014:Somalia
4989:Morocco
4974:Lebanon
4944:Comoros
4939:Bahrain
4934:Algeria
4926:Members
4872:History
4852:Council
4847:Charter
4714:present
4613:Isratin
4128:(2006–)
4074:(2001–)
3889:Entebbe
3855:Bayonet
3604:Morocco
3559:Palmach
3534:Haganah
3488:PFLP-GC
3205:at the
1918:. Ed.
1683:in the
1317:to the
1092:Lebanon
996:Algeria
914:of the
881:in the
749:Tunisia
745:Morocco
741:Algeria
717:Morocco
610:embargo
563:de jure
348:History
334:Lebanon
309:Tunisia
305:Algeria
297:Morocco
285:Bahrain
250:boycott
188:updated
135:scholar
5060:Brazil
4969:Kuwait
4964:Jordan
4260:(2023)
4250:(2022)
4240:(2021)
4232:(2019)
4222:(2019)
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4206:(2018)
4190:(2014)
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3907:Litani
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3892:(1976)
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3816:(1968)
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3774:(1966)
3755:(1956)
3594:Kuwait
3589:France
3512:Former
3443:Kataeb
3381:Active
3346:Jordan
3341:Israel
3214:at JVL
3180:Forbes
3157:
3130:
2902:4 July
2862:4 July
2822:4 July
2796:4 July
2756:4 July
2716:4 July
2690:4 July
2640:4 July
2602:1 July
2547:1 July
2492:1 July
2470:1 July
2277:
2193:
2049:
2022:
1992:
1762:
1615:Nestlé
1590:Hilton
1565:Revlon
1535:Zenith
1372:People
1278:Revlon
1223:Kuwait
1079:Kuwait
1022:Brunei
971:
965:
959:
780:Toyota
772:Nestlé
747:, and
735:, the
727:, and
708:Jordan
689:Cyprus
685:Greece
653:, the
632:, the
628:, the
622:Canada
536:Cyprus
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315:, the
281:Jordan
259:Yishuv
254:Israel
137:
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5169:Sport
5070:India
5039:Yemen
5024:Syria
5019:Sudan
5004:Qatar
4979:Libya
4954:Egypt
4829:Lists
4712:2019–
3936:Opera
3629:Yemen
3599:Libya
3544:Irgun
3433:Hamas
3423:Fatah
2271:(PDF)
2243:(PDF)
2236:(PDF)
1961:(PDF)
1954:(PDF)
1831:(PDF)
1823:from
1760:JSTOR
1638:Films
1357:Japan
1261:Pepsi
1227:Qatar
1186:Yemen
1173:Syria
1147:Qatar
1105:Libya
828:Syria
729:Qatar
696:Egypt
626:Japan
391:aims.
330:Syria
321:Sudan
293:Sudan
273:Egypt
235:Cairo
142:JSTOR
128:books
5135:Life
4994:Oman
4959:Iraq
4857:Flag
4025:list
3813:Gift
3554:Lehi
3483:PFLP
3418:DFLP
3393:Amal
3363:and
3334:and
3320:and
3187:2019
3155:ISBN
3128:ISBN
3090:2008
3060:2012
3045:The
3026:2015
2980:2011
2918:link
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2604:2013
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2549:2013
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2472:2013
2398:2011
2275:ISBN
2251:2016
2191:ISBN
2085:2016
2047:ISBN
2020:ISBN
1990:ISBN
1969:2015
1624:Hawk
1600:Avis
1276:and
1274:Ford
1246:Iran
1244:and
1225:and
1061:Iraq
1048:Iran
901:and
850:The
811:Bush
770:and
725:Oman
687:and
606:OPEC
602:Arab
338:Iran
332:and
307:and
240:The
114:news
5152:GDP
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3468:PLF
3463:PIJ
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