244:
20:
687:
165:
Prior to the rise of Islam in the 630s, the settled communities in the
Arabian peninsula developed into distinctive civilizations, and are limited to archaeological evidence. Accounts written outside of Arabia and Arab oral traditions were later recorded by Islamic scholars. Among the most prominent
63:
In the article "Introduction to the Study of
Islamic Arms and Armour", A. Rahman Zaky says the saif is "n Arab sword, a rather broad blade and sometimes with a peculiarly hooked pommel. The size varies greatly. It is found in most countries in which the Arabs have lived, and each has its own
358:(1146â74) was anxious to demonstrate that he was a pious traditionalist, searching out the old methods preferred by Muhammad. Consequently, among his reforms he re-adopted the custom of wearing a sword suspended from a baldric. His successor
496:
Furusiyya covers four disciplines: the tactics of attack and withdrawal (al-karr wa-l-farr); archery; jousts with spears; duels with swords. Only the Muslim conquerors and the knights of the faith have fully mastered these four
380:
During the Mamluk period the saber seems to have been the preferred weapon of the warrior elite but the most finely decorated edged weapons were swords. Swords were used in the most important ceremonial events in the
279:, thus marking the end of the Arab sword. Neither the Mongols, Crusaders nor Ottomans had shown an interest in the Arab sword. These groups had their own traditions, and thus displaced it. The last two places,
206:
ordered in 629 a raid on the city to capture them. In the case of other captured weapons we can be less sure about where they were produced. This is true of the weapons taken from the Jewish tribe known as the
251:
In the later years of the Arab sword, of the seven listed places by Al-Kindi where it was manufactured, four remained by the later half of the 13th century. With
Khorasan and Damascus razed by the
219:, recounts that during Muhammad's life-time this tribe was noted as arms manufacturers, or as possessing large stocks of arms in Medina; it is possible that some of their arms were produced there.
243:
174:
which arose around 3000 BC and lasted to about 300 AD. Additionally, from the beginning of the first millennium BC, Southern Arabia was the home to a number of kingdoms such as the
157:(swords of the 9th to early-13th centuries) and the Abandonment (late swords of the late-13th to 16th centuries). Most information on Arab swords come from literature.
186:
from 300BC. The Arabs of the peninsula, thus, had their own local system of warfare, that was not of big armies, but of small battles and skirmishes among tribes.
393:. There are no surviving descriptions of such swords but it can be suggested as a hypothesis that the exquisitely decorated Mamluk sword blades now preserved in
350:(847â861) in favor of the saber and belt. But the use of sword and baldric seems to have retained a ceremonial and religious significance. For example, the
718:
362:(1138â1193), known in the west as Saladin, did the same and it is noteworthy that he was buried with his sword, "he took it with him to Paradise."
2067:
646:
627:
298:". In this text, he proclaims that aside from horsemanship, lance, and archery, swordsmanship was a fourth discipline of Furusiyya.
2057:
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19:
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555:
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866:
291:
1457:
1787:
1193:
1838:
150:
1476:
1833:
1717:
1534:
1514:
1117:
1049:
985:
909:
386:
232:
691:
377:, Usama struck the assassin down. Other stories by Usama add credence to David Nicolle's theory.
374:
154:
146:
1888:
1727:
287:, had slowly grown influenced by neighboring traditions and thus ceased to make it altogether.
1701:
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which arose around the end of the fourth millennium BC and lasted to about 600 AD and the
36:
263:, the Arab sword took a strong decline. Its final end came in the 16th century, when the
306:
Al-Kindi lists seven places from which Arab swords were forged. Starting with the best;
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137:, but others do not. Therefore the area where the fuller would be is completely flat.
2051:
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995:
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117:. The blade is composed of the false edge and the true edge, which are known as the
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346:. The use of sword and baldric was consciously abandoned by the Abbasid caliph
1947:
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183:
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1101:
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932:
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477:
ed. Nizam al-Din al-Fatih, Madinah al
Munawara: Maktaba Dar al-Turath, 1990.
385:, that is, in the investiture of Mamluk sultans and caliphs of the restored
327:
323:
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http://gladius.revistas.csic.es/index.php/gladius/article/viewFile/211/213
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http://gladius.revistas.csic.es/index.php/gladius/article/viewFile/191/193
1984:
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http://gladius.revistas.csic.es/index.php/gladius/article/viewFile/86/86
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and the coastal areas of
Eastern Arabia were controlled by the Iranian
47:
before the 7th century. Little is known about this weapon besides what
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variety. Early Arab chroniclers used to mention two kinds of swords:
44:
563:
The Book of
Contemplation: Islam and the Crusades (Penguin Classics)
490:. Halle an der Saale: 29. Deutscher Orientalistentag. Archived from
342:
During the early
Islamic years, the Arabs sheathed their weapons in
87:
is an Arab word for swords in general, not a certain type. The term
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1752:
1742:
1732:
1627:
1509:
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An Arab-Syrian
Gentleman and Warrior in the Period of the Crusades
331:
319:
307:
284:
276:
228:
18:
658:
A Preliminary
Bibliography of Medieval Arabic Military Literature
1807:
1542:
1044:
856:
846:
700:
133:. Some Arab swords may contain a fuller, which is called an '
93:, Greek for a double-edged straight sword, may be related to
373:
memoir as evidence, that when Usama was being attacked by a
145:
The production of the Arab sword has four distinct periods:
247:
Sword of
Boabdil â hispano-moorish sword of the XV-XVI c.
129:, respectively. The sword's point is referred to as the
369:, the Arab sword was used mainly for cutting. He cites
670:
Introduction to the Study of Islamic Swords and Armour
389:
where the ruler was "girded" with the "Bedouin sword"
1993:
1972:
1965:
1940:
1933:
1913:
1897:
1881:
1865:
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1664:
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1610:
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1533:
1485:
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1293:
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1215:
1206:
1176:
1160:
1144:
1135:
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908:
865:
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777:
770:
267:seized Egypt in 1517 and Yemen in 1552â60 with the
551:Swords and Sabers during the Early Islamic Period
712:
641:. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press.
8:
227:By the years of the Islamic golden age, the
27:, found in Topkapi Museum, Istanbul, Turkey
1969:
1937:
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1661:
1566:
1414:
1334:
1212:
1141:
1034:
774:
719:
705:
697:
149:(ancient swords before the 7th century),
242:
601:Medieval Islamic Swords and Swordmaking
410:
294:wrote a treatise on Arab arms called "
7:
153:(old swords 7th to 8th centuries),
40:
259:conquered by the Crusaders in the
16:Weapon from The Arabian Peninsula
14:
685:
202:, were so highly regarded, that
235:of the Middle East co-existed.
68:, which was made of iron, and
1:
2068:Weapons of the Ottoman Empire
762:Straight swords (Double-edge)
622:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing.
584:. Columbia University Press.
488:"Arab epic heroes and horses"
1161:Iron Age â Three Kingdom Era
535:Alexander 2001, pp. 204â205.
508:Alexander 2001, pp. 204â205.
76:, which was made of steel."
757:Curved swords (Single-edge)
752:Thrusting swords (Edgeless)
637:Scanlon, George T. (1961).
599:Hoyland, Robert G. (2006).
2086:
620:Saracen Faris AD 1050-1250
580:Hitti, Phillip K. (2000).
423:World History Encyclopedia
742:
549:Alexander, David (2001).
1237:Heian â Kamakura periods
668:Zaky, A. Rahman (1961).
656:Zaky, A. Rahman (1965).
517:Nicolle 1994, pp. 13â14.
1921:Phra Saeng Khan Chai Si
1294:Meiji period and beyond
1273:Muromachi â Edo periods
618:Nicolle, David (1994).
603:. Gibb Memorial Trust.
468:Alexander 2001, p. 200.
459:Alexander 2001, p. 200.
166:civilizations were the
1152:Liaoning bronze dagger
875:Migration Period sword
639:A Muslim Manual of War
561:Cobb, Paul M. (2008).
292:Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya
248:
215:Muhammad's biographer
51:wrote in his treatise
28:
2058:Middle Eastern swords
1487:Post-classical period
1177:Goryeo and Joseon era
1145:Bronze Age â Gojoseon
867:Post-classical period
694:at Wikimedia Commons
246:
22:
1822:Spanish colonization
1216:Yayoi â Nara periods
565:. Penguin Classics.
330:and Qalah (possibly
55:in the 9th century.
1535:Early modern period
1458:Parthian Long Sword
1364:Medieval and modern
986:Basket-hilted sword
910:Early modern period
371:Usama ibn Munqidh's
233:double-edged swords
113:; and the quillon,
1882:Post-Classic stage
1515:Turko-Mongol Sabre
963:Late modern period
526:Cobb 2008, p. 129.
494:on July 18, 2011.
450:Zaky 1965, p. 107.
249:
223:Islamic Golden Age
155:Islamic Golden Age
105:The handle is the
29:
2045:
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648:978-1-61797-111-2
629:978-1-85532-453-4
441:Zaky 1961, p. 21.
200:Mashrafiya swords
43:), originated in
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553:. Gladius XXI.
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1016:Sword bayonet
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996:Hunting sword
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747:Swordsmanship
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383:Mamluk period
378:
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367:David Nicolle
365:According to
363:
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348:al-Mutawakkil
345:
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302:Manufacturing
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190:Early Islamic
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21:
1713:Dahong palay
1638:Parang Nabur
1618:Keris bahari
1570:Early period
1494:
1411:Central Asia
1001:Pistol sword
885:Arming sword
880:Viking sword
684:
672:. Gladius I.
669:
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638:
619:
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581:
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543:Bibliography
531:
522:
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495:
492:the original
482:
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426:. Retrieved
422:
413:
398:
397:are in fact
390:
379:
364:
360:Salah ad-Din
341:
305:
296:Al-Furusiyya
290:In c. 1350,
289:
250:
226:
212:
209:Banu Qaynuqa
199:
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134:
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123:hafat zafiya
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52:
32:
30:
1934:Mesoamerica
1657:Philippines
1611:Late period
1409:Western and
1184:Bonguk geom
1168:Hwandudaedo
1080:Ming â Qing
991:Small sword
948:Swiss degen
728:Sword types
399:saif badawi
391:saif badawi
375:Hashshashin
239:Abandonment
161:Pre-Islamic
147:Pre-Islamic
70:Saif Fulath
59:Description
25:Caliph Umar
2052:Categories
1948:Macuahuitl
1704:(Binangon)
1495:Arab sword
1418:Prehistory
1316:Shikomizue
1066:Hook sword
928:Katzbalger
918:ZweihÀnder
778:Prehistory
610:0906094526
591:0231121253
572:0140455132
428:2022-06-09
405:References
356:Nur ad-Din
275:, and the
194:Swords in
184:Sassanians
66:Saif Anith
1829:Balisword
1728:Ginunting
1672:Balasiong
1665:Classical
1562:Indonesia
1280:Wakizashi
1102:Yanmaodao
1071:Zhanmadao
933:Cinquedea
890:Longsword
852:Rhomphaia
328:Sri Lanka
324:Byzantium
281:Sri Lanka
257:Byzantium
217:Ibn Ishaq
211:. In his
198:, called
180:Parthians
80:Etymology
53:On Swords
23:Sword of
1995:Mainland
1985:Acinaces
1914:Thailand
1898:Cambodia
1857:Mainland
1788:Sansibar
1748:Karambit
1738:Kampilan
1702:Binagong
1692:Batangas
1677:Bangkung
1505:Shamshir
1500:Scimitar
1453:Acinaces
1259:Nagamaki
1097:Changdao
1087:Liuyedao
1059:Medieval
1011:Spadroon
900:Falchion
895:Claymore
837:Makhaira
395:Istanbul
344:baldrics
316:Damascus
312:Khorasan
273:shamshir
269:scimitar
265:Ottomans
204:Muhammad
176:Sabaeans
125:and the
49:Al-Kindi
2008:Kaskara
1980:Khopesh
1844:Tenegre
1839:Hagibis
1803:Talibon
1798:Susuwat
1793:Sundang
1783:Sanduko
1763:Panabas
1628:Sundang
1623:Klewang
1548:Kindjal
1520:Yatagan
1472:Falcata
1430:Khopesh
1376:Kastane
1371:Firangi
1338:Ancient
1311:NinjatÅ
1254:Kodachi
1228:Tsurugi
1223:ChokutÅ
1189:Wungeom
1123:Miaodao
1038:Ancient
1006:Shashka
981:Cutlass
953:Colhona
832:Falcata
818:Gladius
790:Khopesh
253:Mongols
141:History
127:haqiqia
101:Anatomy
74:Muzakka
2033:Takoba
2028:Billao
2023:Shotel
2018:Flyssa
2013:Nimcha
1966:Africa
1953:Macana
1778:Pinuti
1768:Parang
1758:Laring
1723:Gayang
1697:Bicuco
1687:Barong
1682:Banyal
1592:Balato
1587:Parang
1582:Niabor
1577:Mandau
1463:Xiphos
1386:Pulwar
1381:Talwar
1355:Aruval
1345:Khanda
1285:Katana
1249:Ådachi
1111:Modern
971:Rapier
842:Spatha
823:Xiphos
771:Europe
692:Sabres
645:
626:
607:
588:
569:
354:ruler
352:Zangid
271:, the
229:sabers
196:Mu'tah
172:Thamud
168:Dilmun
131:nuqtat
119:zafiya
107:miqbad
90:xiphos
45:Arabia
37:Arabic
1813:Wasay
1773:Pirah
1753:Lahot
1743:Kalis
1733:Gulok
1718:Garab
1602:Surik
1510:Kilij
1468:Kopis
1350:Urumi
1330:India
1306:IaitÅ
1301:GuntÅ
1264:TantÅ
1244:Tachi
1208:Japan
1137:Korea
1118:Dadao
1092:Wodao
1030:China
976:Sabre
938:Estoc
828:Kopis
813:Harpe
497:arts.
332:Kedah
320:Egypt
308:Yemen
285:Kedah
277:kilij
135:akmal
115:haris
1808:Utak
1708:Bolo
1597:Gari
1543:Qama
1396:Pata
1045:Jian
857:Falx
847:Sica
730:and
643:ISBN
624:ISBN
605:ISBN
586:ISBN
567:ISBN
283:and
255:and
231:and
213:sira
182:and
111:halq
95:saif
85:Saif
33:saif
31:The
2003:Ida
1873:Dha
1050:Dao
338:Use
334:).
326:),
121:or
72:or
41:سÙÙ
2054::
421:.
401:.
318:,
314:,
310:,
97:.
39::
1470:/
830:/
720:e
713:t
706:v
651:.
632:.
613:.
594:.
575:.
431:.
35:(
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