1131:
1279:
836:
1085:
communicate. The
Rakhine people were able to preserve their culture, language, and religion in Bengal. Rakhines observe Rakhine festival such as Sanggreng and Nai-chai ka. The last Rakhine language school in Kuakata closed in 1998 due to shortage of funds, In January 2006, Chin Than Monjur, opened a Rakhine language community school which expanded into three news schools and used Rakhine language books from Myanmar. The schools were forced to close due to shortage of funds.
1097:
587:
77:
828:
127:
109:
62:
738:
1089:
1143:
1052:, a coordinated offensive aimed at key military targets in Rakhine State. This operation demonstrated the AA's ability to mobilize effectively, utilize guerilla tactics, and leverage local support, leading to significant setbacks for the junta. The operation underscored the AA's determination and skill, establishing it as one of the strongest ethnic armed forces in Myanmar.
1027:
647:
145:
941:
1344:
628:
352:
560:. Dhanyawadi's influence laid the groundwork for subsequent kingdoms in Arakan, contributing to the development of its unique cultural identity, which blends various influences from neighboring regions. The remnants of Dhanyawadi's architecture and artifacts offer insights into the early history and society of Arakan.
847:
Arakanese legends and some
Rakhine people claim that they are Aryans came from Shakya in India, but it is impossible. Maybe they are mixed with Indo-Aryans and Tibeto-Burman. Kanyans of Irrawaddy Valley with later integrated into Arakanese race. Rakhine and Burmese are very closely related languages,
1055:
With a focus on defending their homeland and securing rights for the
Rakhine people, the Arakan Army has garnered considerable support among local populations. Their success against the junta not only boosts their reputation but also inspires other ethnic groups in Myanmar, as the AA continues to
880:
reclaimed the
Arakanese throne with the help of the Bengal, and ruled the kingdom. But as a vassal of Bengal 1429 to 1430. Rakhine oral traditions and written records also describe several alternative origin myths, including one that traces the Rakhine back to an intermarriage between a highland
604:
Arakanese chronicle records that more than six million shrines and pagodas flourished in Mrauk-U. A British archaeologist, Emil
Forchhammer noted that "in durability, architectural skill, and ornamentation the Mrauk-U temples far surpass those on the banks of Irrawaddy." Illustrative examples of
1084:
before the formation of these two contemporary countries. The total population of the community as of 2020 is 16,000. But according to the Joshua
Project, the total population is 20,000. The Rakhine people and the local Bengali population developed a unique dialect through which they could
867:
By the 9th century
Rakhine people have founded Le-Mro, Le-Mro in the Rakhine language means "four cities," which refers to the four ancient Rakhine cities. In 1103, they had consolidated control of the region, becoming a tributary state of the Pagan Empire until 1167. In 1406–1429,
1121:
decreased by 95%, from 50,000 in the 20th century to 2,561 in 2014, with
Rakhines leaving Bangladesh due to illegal land-grabbing and persecution. Lands owned by them in the districts decreased by 81%. Rakhine land is also being taken over by politicians in Patuakhali District.
1193:
They have a rich cultural heritage that reflects their history, beliefs, and way of life. Despite facing challenges, including political and social strife, they continue to celebrate and preserve their rich cultural heritage, contributing to the diversity of
Myanmar.
1254:
until
Sangrai, which means that the Marmaras in Sangrai mean to start anew by throwing away all the old things, including the beginning of the new year. And so the Marmaras celebrate the New Year with a joyous ceremony in the hope of blessings and good wishes.
1238:
in mid-April. In Myanmar, such events are called "Thingyan" and in Thailand and Laos this ceremony is called "Sankran". "Sankran" in Thai means change. Sangrai actually means saying goodbye to the old year and welcoming the new year. At the same time, the new
1130:
1531:
1571:
912:, was given the task of providing land to the refugees in 1799. An estimated 100,000 refugees were settled in Cox's Bazar, Chittagong Hill Tracts, and Patuakhali by the East India Company government. They settled in
1524:
1207:
Sangrai is one of the main traditional ceremonies of the Marmas, the Rakhine also celebrate the New Year with their own rules. In the case of the Marmas, it is celebrated according to their
2027:'Where Jambudipa and Islamdom Converged: Religious Change and the Emergence of Buddhist Communalism in Early Modern Arakan, 15th–19th Centuries.' PhD Dissertation, University of Michigan
2069:
Loeffner, L. G. (1976). "Historical Phonology of Burmese and Arakanese Finals." Ninth International Conference on Sino-Tibetan Languages and Linguistics, Copenhagen. 22–24 Oct. 1976.
552:
of Arakan. Established around the 1st century CE, it served as a significant cultural and political center in the region. The kingdom is known for its flourishing trade, connecting
1064:
Outside of Myanmar, a sizable Rakhine community exists in the southeast districts of Bangladesh, namely in Khagrachari, Rangamati, Bandarban and southern Cox's Bazar, with the
374:) is the contemporary ethnonym and name of the region in Rakhine, Burmese, and English today. The word is extant to the mid-11th century, appearing on a pillar inscription at
2094:
1045:
The Rakhine Army has significantly challenged the Burmese junta's military might, often achieving surprising victories that showcase its strength and strategic prowess.
620:. This religious tradition plays a central role in the cultural and social life of the Rakhine community, influencing their festivals, rituals, and daily practices.
639:(1593–1612) conquered the areas and styled himself as the highest and most powerful king of Arakan, Chacomas, and Bengal in a 1607 letter to Portuguese mercenary
1218:
festival is held on the last day of Sangrai festival. Sangrai water sports are performed not only by the Marmas, but also by the Dai tribes of Southeast Asia,
2987:
2035:
624:
in Rakhine is characterized by its rich history, unique interpretations, and a blend of local customs, reflecting the region's diverse cultural heritage.
864:
was more likely Indo-Aryan in origin. Arakanese legends claim that the Unknown ethnic are founder of Dhanyawadi. Now they are mixed with Rakhine people.
748:
1406:) to describe a script that predates the usage of written Burmese, there is no contemporary lithic evidence to support the existence of such a script.
469:
and foreign sources. The ethnonym reflected their common ancestral kinship ties with the Buddhist-professing Bamar, with whom the Rakhine identified.
2992:
1267:. It is also known as Buddha Birthday worldwide. This is the anniversary of three important events in Buddha's life—his birth, his attainment of
1178:. Traces of Indian influence remain in many aspects of Arakanese culture, including its literature, music, and cuisine. The traditional Rakhine
1038:
1023:: A stance that opposes the recognition and rights of the Rohingya people within Rakhine State, contributing to ongoing tensions in the region.
711:
2997:
2087:
1747:
3002:
1767:
1730:
1693:
329:
and Thet. Among them, Rakhine group are the majority ethnic group in Rakhine State and have long been influenced by their proximity to
703:
2972:
2080:
1970:
1382:
Rakhine State is home to Sanskrit inscriptions that date from the first millennium to the 1000s. These inscriptions were written in
1711:
Ethnic Culture Traditional Customs Rakhine 1976 (Burmese: တိုင်းရင်းသားယဉ်ကျေးမှု ရိုးရာဓလေ့ထုံးစံများ ရခိုင် ၁၉၇၆) page 33 and 36
1507:
872:
occupied the Northern Rakhine. Southern Rakhine was not occupied by the Bagan Empire and the Ava Kingdom. In 1429, founder of
1016:: Support for a confederal system that allows for greater autonomy and self-governance within a broader political framework.
806:
763:
441:
and is the Rakhine pronunciation of "Myanmar," continues to be used by their descendants in Bangladesh, who are known as the
1664:(2015). "Competing Identities and the Hybridized History of the Rohingyas". In Egreteau, Renaud; Robinne, Francois (eds.).
778:
1068:
in Khagrachari having administrative duties. There is a small community of Rakhine people inhabiting the coastal areas of
702:
was largely nominal and he, like the sultans of Bengal before him, never solved Tripuri raids into Bengal. Moreover, his
989:
1395:
2982:
785:
2063:'Le Royaume d'Arakan, Birmanie. Son histoire politique entre le début du XVe et la fin du XVIIe siècle,' Paris, EFEO
1846:
1009:: Advocacy for the right of the Arakanese to govern themselves and make decisions about their own political future.
1483:
1278:
905:
1092:
The Rakhine community also resides in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, including Bandarban, Khagrachari, and Rangamati.
2897:
1268:
416:) respectively, which is more likely. Some Rakhine inhabitants now prefer the alternative spelling of ရက္ခိုင်.
1819:
792:
2103:
2041:
640:
2045:
1918:
835:
480:, the name of an ancient Buddhist kingdom. By the late 19th century, British authorities adopted the ethnonym
1427:
1415:
1352:
967:
2520:
1399:
774:
2977:
2919:
2450:
2375:
2222:
1944:
1329:
1244:
303:
298:. They constitute approximately 4.61% or more of Myanmar's total population. Rakhine communities exist in
2460:
1572:""Theories and Historiography of the Religious Basis of Ethnonyms in Rakhaing (Arakan), Myanmar (Burma)""
984:. The Arakan Army states that the objective of its armed revolution is to restore the sovereignty of the
472:
By 1585, European, Persian, and Bengali accounts began describing the Rakhine and Buddhist groups as the
2946:
1306:. This usually occurs on the full moon of the 11th month. It marks the end of the three lunar months of
539:
433:
2380:
1579:
The Forgotten Kingdom of Arakan: A Public Seminar on the People of Present Day Arakan State of Myanmar
2892:
2836:
2415:
2301:
1215:
397:
2480:
2136:
2400:
2296:
2247:
2207:
2151:
2146:
1118:
913:
901:
610:
606:
557:
375:
2726:
2697:
2682:
2634:
2609:
2565:
2390:
2365:
2212:
2141:
1387:
669:
king attacked Northern Arakan Roma and occupied the Arakanese-controlled Chacomas of the Northern
2876:
2707:
2555:
2330:
2286:
2281:
2232:
1478:
1473:
1311:
1117:, was forcefully taken by local land grabbers in 2017. The Rakhine population in the Barguna and
963:
893:
873:
617:
564:
535:
497:
476:
and its derivatives (e.g., Mogh, Mugh, Mog, etc.). The word's etymology is likely to derive from
341:
220:
190:
2856:
2851:
2756:
2614:
2325:
2306:
2776:
2515:
2360:
2271:
2266:
2242:
698:
His expansionist drive was to run into serious obstacles however. His control of Bengal beyond
2866:
2781:
2525:
2405:
2345:
1763:
1726:
1689:
1295:
978:
688:
651:
291:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2560:
2540:
2410:
2385:
2237:
1759:
1336:. Notably, Rakhine retains an /r/ sound that has become /j/ in Burmese. Rakhine utilises the
1247:
begins after Sangrai. Not only Jhum farming, the Marmaras do not get married again after the
1056:
assert its influence and military strength in the ongoing struggle for autonomy and justice.
714:
that nearly toppled his regime. He survived the invasions and later provided military aid to
488:, as part of a broader effort to indigenize the country's English ethnonyms and place names.
2841:
2786:
2624:
2510:
2485:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2420:
2395:
2335:
2156:
1755:
1636:
1460:
1383:
1364:
1337:
1333:
1323:
1208:
1171:
1167:
1114:
917:
897:
882:
799:
670:
484:
After 1991, the Burmese government changed the official English name of the ethnic group to
466:
345:
272:
263:
254:
241:
237:
177:
173:
50:
2505:
2495:
2475:
2445:
1096:
531:
2951:
2936:
2924:
2909:
2687:
2530:
1591:
In Burmese and Rakhine, the Sanskrit and Pali spellings are ရာက္ၑသ and ရက္ခသ respectively.
1567:
1445:
1376:
1375:
peoples; it is estimated to have around one million native speakers and it is spoken as a
1110:
974:
853:
707:
318:
2500:
2276:
1793:
1665:
1601:
1037:
1002:: A focus on promoting and preserving the identity and culture of the Arakanese people.
586:
2941:
2929:
2914:
2831:
2826:
2791:
2771:
2761:
2741:
2580:
2470:
2425:
2340:
2227:
2217:
2171:
2113:
1661:
1398:. However, these inscriptions are not ancestral to Arakanese epigraphy, which uses the
1179:
1088:
1077:
1049:
886:
869:
553:
290:), although Rakhine communities also exist throughout the country, particularly in the
76:
1871:
1214:
The main attraction of Sangrai is the water sport called Marmara "Ri Long Poye". This
885:
and a lowland queen, and another that traces the ancestry of Rakhine monarchs back to
2966:
2871:
2846:
2746:
2585:
2575:
2465:
2191:
2161:
2131:
2122:
1360:
981:
971:
590:
576:
507:
501:
393:
378:, and also appears in European, Persian, and Ceylonese accounts by the 15th century.
295:
283:
210:
67:
1310:, sometimes called "Buddhist Lent." The day is marked in some Asian countries where
1170:, likely due to its geographical isolation from the Burmese mainland divided by the
827:
2736:
2692:
2600:
2550:
2455:
2370:
2257:
2186:
1454:
1391:
1372:
1155:
1154:
and are one of the four main Buddhist ethnic groups of Burma (the others being the
442:
438:
384:
355:
334:
307:
287:
275:
215:
205:
2037:
Buddhism in Arakan:Theories and Historiography of the Religious Basis of Ethnonyms
1637:"The Marma from Bangladesh: A 'de-Arakanized' Community in Chittagong Hill Tracts"
333:
and have formed trading links with the sub-continents. Thet, Kamein, Daingnet and
1996:
1892:
2861:
2766:
2751:
2731:
2717:
2639:
2629:
2545:
2490:
2316:
2181:
2176:
1449:
1303:
1159:
1065:
1031:
988:. It was declared a terrorist organization in 2020 by Myanmar, and again by the
955:
949:
877:
849:
737:
715:
683:
636:
426:
389:
17:
1263:
The Rakhine People also observe the Buddha Purnima or internationally known as
1166:). Rakhine culture is similar to the mainstream Burmese culture but with more
2821:
2702:
2655:
2619:
2590:
2355:
2291:
1847:"Ethnic Rakhine in Bangladesh Protest against Myanmar's 'Military Aggression'"
1163:
1142:
1069:
929:
857:
699:
572:
568:
545:
523:
326:
299:
132:
61:
396:
era, but epigraphic evidence to support the underlying theory remains scant.
2816:
2350:
1299:
1251:
1151:
909:
840:
322:
2072:
646:
567:
was the largest kingdom of the Arakan (Rakhine) Kingdom, encompassing the
419:
Between the 17th and 18th centuries, the Rakhine began calling themselves
411:
405:
2902:
1439:
1433:
1272:
1231:
1223:
861:
621:
527:
401:
82:
1026:
940:
2811:
2570:
1421:
1356:
1282:
Buddhist devotees flying lanterns during pavarana purnima in Bangladesh
1219:
1187:
1183:
1081:
1073:
921:
831:
The pagodas at Mrauk-U pagodas are part of modern-day Rakhine identity.
692:
678:
662:
655:
594:
580:
549:
515:
477:
279:
114:
1343:
755:
313:
Rakhine people comprise of different 7 ethnic groups such as Rakhine,
2676:
2535:
2166:
1488:
1271:, and his death. It is observed on the full moon day of the month of
727:
674:
598:
511:
379:
314:
282:(Burma) forming the majority along the coastal region of present-day
681:(1532–34), Min Bin began to regard himself "as a world conqueror or
627:
1342:
1307:
1277:
1264:
1248:
1235:
1175:
1141:
1129:
1095:
1087:
1048:
The AA's operational capabilities were notably highlighted during
1036:
1025:
939:
925:
834:
826:
645:
626:
585:
351:
350:
330:
150:
1530:(in Bengali). Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. 2021. p. 33.
1971:"AL, BNP men's joint grabbing of Kuakata Rakhine land protested"
1667:
Metamorphosis: Studies in Social and Political Change in Myanmar
1240:
1227:
920:
in the 19th century. Rakhine descendants spread as far north as
348:
and also very similar to Burma in culture and traditional dress.
2076:
1182:
wrestling also plays an important role in its culture. Rakhine
731:
687:", and in commemoration of his victory in Bengal he built the
966:. Founded in April 2009, the AA is the military wing of the
900:
in 1784, Rakhine refugees began settling in Cox's Bazar and
423:(မြန်မာ) and its derivatives, as attested by texts like the
1402:. While some Arakanese have coined the term "Rakkhawunna" (
1186:, consisting of rice vermicelli noodles, is popular across
1298:
which is also celebrated by the Rakhine people on Aashvin
1109:
The 150-year old Khaddya Song Chansai Rakhine cemetery in
445:. By this period, the Bamar began to call the Rakhine the
337:
are the minority ethnic group and they live in the hills.
1328:
The Rakhine language is closely related to and generally
1448:, Arakanese revolutionary and commander in chief of the
995:
The ideology of the Arakan Army is centered around as:
759:
400:
traces the etymology to the Sanskrit or Pali words for
1997:"Give constitutional recognition to indigenous people"
522:
is divided into 7 parts - the independent kingdoms of
718:, hoping to stop Toungoo's advance into Upper Burma.
1893:"Reopen the lone Rakhine language school in Kuakata"
2885:
2716:
2664:
2648:
2599:
2315:
2256:
2200:
2121:
1721:LaPolla, Randy J.; Thurgood, Graham (17 May 2006).
616:The Rakhine State and its people are predominantly
196:
183:
167:
159:
141:
123:
105:
100:
90:
81:A Rakhine girl tosses water at revelers during the
40:
1684:Day, Katie; Edwards, Elise M. (31 December 2020).
344:. Their language has some similarities with
1707:
1705:
970:(ULA). It is currently led by Commander-in-Chief
1146:Rakhine script at a Bangladeshi Buddhist pagoda
673:. After his initial military successes against
1525:"Table 1.4 Ethnic Population by Group and Sex"
542:and as a part of independent Burma from 1948.
2088:
1752:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Asian History
1686:The Routledge Handbook of Religion and Cities
42:
8:
889:, the legendary first monarch of the world.
764:introducing citations to additional sources
665:was fighting a battle with the Burmese, the
631:Min Razagyi, Raza II of Mrauk-U မင်းရာဇာကြီး
35:
450:
2095:
2081:
2073:
1820:"Thousands of Rakhine people left country"
1138:(Marma new year celebration in Bangladesh)
306:and in India, where they are known as the
75:
60:
34:
1872:"Rakhine people who speak Sittwe Dialect"
691:, one of the premier Buddhist pagodas of
1347:Arakanese or the Rakhine Bamar Alphabet
754:Relevant discussion may be found on the
605:Mrauk U period architecture include the
538:, Burmese occupation from 1785 to 1826,
1919:"Thousands of Rakhines left Bangladesh"
1499:
1100:Mrauk U, Rakhine State, Myanmar (Burma)
518:is the home to the Rakhine people. The
437:. The word, which is also cognate with
2040:. Arakan History Conference. Bangkok:
1760:10.1093/acrefore/9780190277727.013.414
1746:Charney, Michael W. (31 August 2021),
904:. The British colonial officer of the
843:Marmas with Bohmong in centre, c. 1906
1787:
1785:
1080:, having migrated to Bangladesh from
661:In 1546 CE, while the Arakanese king
392:'s conquest of the region during the
262:
253:
7:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1552:
101:Regions with significant populations
1748:"Religion and Migration in Rakhine"
977:and vice deputy commander-in-chief
650:Min Bin, depicted as a god, in the
2988:Buddhist communities of Bangladesh
1606:Constitutional Tribunal of Myanmar
1537:from the original on 15 March 2023
1508:"Overviews of Myanmar's diversity"
704:interference in Lower Burma (1542)
465:), as attested by contemporaneous
25:
1945:"Market on Rakhine temple's land"
1845:Khiam, Sharif (12 October 2020).
1635:Kyaw Minn Htin (December 2015).
1367:, the language is spoken by the
747:relies largely or entirely on a
736:
340:The Arakanese are predominantly
143:
125:
107:
2993:Buddhist communities of Myanmar
388:traces the word's etymology to
1394:), which are ancestral to the
1150:The Rakhine are predominantly
928:, where they are known as the
852:. 3000 or 2800 years ago, The
712:Toungoo invasions in (1545–47)
540:British rule from 1826 to 1948
310:and Mog peoples respectively.
1:
2998:Buddhist communities of India
3003:Sino-Tibetan-speaking people
2025:Charney, Michael W. (1999).
1442:, colonial activist and monk
1174:and its closer proximity to
1007:Arakanese Self-Determination
990:State Administration Council
958:, predominantly composed of
2061:Leider, Jacques P. (2004).
1754:, Oxford University Press,
1355:language spoken in western
412:
406:
3019:
1723:The Sino-Tibetan Languages
1484:List of Arakanese monarchs
1413:
1321:
947:
906:East India Trading Company
725:
495:
245:
43:
2110:
2034:Charney, Michael (2005).
944:Young Rakhine Army Troops
201:
188:
172:
95:
74:
59:
2973:Ethnic groups in Myanmar
2104:Ethnic groups in Myanmar
2042:Chulalongkorn University
1384:Northern Brahmic scripts
848:which both descend from
641:Filipe de Brito e Nicote
548:is considered the first
2223:Ka-Yun (Kayan; Padaung)
1021:Anti-Rohingya Sentiment
968:United League of Arakan
264:[jəkʰàiɰ̃lùmjó]
255:[ɹəkʰàiɰ̃lùmjó]
27:Ethnic group in Myanmar
1379:by a further million.
1348:
1283:
1245:Chittagong Hill Tracts
1243:farming season in the
1147:
1139:
1101:
1093:
1042:
1034:
945:
844:
832:
658:
632:
601:
593:Raza The Last King of
359:
304:Chittagong Hill Tracts
260:Burmese pronunciation:
2886:Unrecognised / Others
1436:, government minister
1363:. Closely related to
1346:
1330:mutually intelligible
1281:
1145:
1133:
1099:
1091:
1060:Rakhine in Bangladesh
1040:
1029:
1000:Arakanese Nationalism
943:
838:
830:
649:
630:
589:
460:great Mranma / Myanma
434:Dhanyawaddy Ayedawbon
370:(less commonly spelt
354:
250:Rakhine pronunciation
197:Related ethnic groups
96:4 million (2024 est.)
2048:on 26 September 2021
1119:Patuakhali Districts
760:improve this article
611:Htukkanthein Temples
402:'monster' or 'demon'
1359:, primarily in the
1152:Theravada Buddhists
1041:Location of Rakhine
914:Patuakhali District
902:Patuakhali District
896:was annexed by the
558:Indian subcontinent
376:Shite-thaung Temple
358:Dance of Bangladesh
37:
2983:History of Rakhine
2272:Mon Kayin (Sarpyu)
1826:. 2 September 2015
1798:en.banglapedia.org
1662:Leider, Jacques P.
1479:Kingdom of Mrauk U
1474:History of Rakhine
1400:Mon–Burmese script
1349:
1312:Theravada Buddhism
1284:
1275:(usually in May).
1148:
1140:
1102:
1094:
1043:
1035:
964:Theravada Buddhism
946:
894:Kingdom of Mrauk U
874:Kingdom of Mrauk U
845:
833:
659:
633:
618:Theravada Buddhist
602:
565:Kingdom of Mrauk U
520:history of Rakhine
498:History of Rakhine
492:History of Rakhine
360:
342:Theravada Buddhism
191:Theravada Buddhism
2960:
2959:
2571:Zahnyet (Zanniat)
1951:. 27 October 2017
1769:978-0-19-027772-7
1732:978-1-135-79717-1
1695:978-1-000-28926-8
1570:(November 2005).
979:Brigadier General
825:
824:
810:
722:Ancestral origins
689:Shitthaung Temple
652:Shitthaung Temple
286:(formerly called
230:
229:
16:(Redirected from
3010:
2862:Kaw (Akha-E-Kaw)
2551:Tiddim (Hai-Dim)
2486:Mro-Khimi people
2381:Kaung Saing Chin
2097:
2090:
2083:
2074:
2066:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2044:. Archived from
2030:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2003:. 1 October 2010
1993:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1842:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1789:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1776:
1743:
1737:
1736:
1718:
1712:
1709:
1700:
1699:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1641:
1632:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1598:
1592:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1576:
1568:Charney, Michael
1564:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1536:
1529:
1521:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1504:
1338:Burmese alphabet
1324:Rakhine language
1287:Pavarana Purnima
1209:Burmese calendar
1203:Sangrai Festival
1172:Arakan Mountains
1168:Indian influence
1115:Barguna District
918:Barguna District
898:Konbaung Kingdom
820:
817:
811:
809:
775:"Rakhine people"
768:
740:
732:
671:Arakan Mountains
635:The Arakan king
510:, also known as
464:
461:
458:
455:
452:
415:
409:
346:Burmese language
266:
261:
257:
251:
247:
163:50,000 - 100,000
149:
147:
146:
131:
129:
128:
113:
111:
110:
91:Total population
79:
64:
54:
46:
45:
38:
21:
18:Arakanese people
3018:
3017:
3013:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3008:
3007:
2963:
2962:
2961:
2956:
2881:
2712:
2703:Mru (Taung Mro)
2667:
2660:
2644:
2595:
2466:Meithei (Kathe)
2416:Lai (Haka Chin)
2311:
2252:
2196:
2167:Lashi (La Chit)
2117:
2106:
2101:
2060:
2051:
2049:
2033:
2024:
2021:
2016:
2006:
2004:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1980:
1978:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1954:
1952:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1928:
1926:
1925:. 30 March 2017
1917:
1916:
1912:
1902:
1900:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1869:
1865:
1855:
1853:
1844:
1843:
1839:
1829:
1827:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1803:
1801:
1792:Hasan, Kamrul.
1791:
1790:
1783:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1733:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1710:
1703:
1696:
1683:
1682:
1678:
1670:
1660:
1659:
1655:
1639:
1634:
1633:
1620:
1610:
1608:
1602:"ရခိုင်ပြည်နယ်"
1600:
1599:
1595:
1590:
1586:
1574:
1566:
1565:
1550:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1527:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1510:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1470:
1446:Twan Mrat Naing
1418:
1414:Main category:
1412:
1410:Notable Rakhine
1377:second language
1326:
1320:
1314:is practiced.
1289:
1261:
1205:
1200:
1134:Marma girls at
1128:
1111:Taltali Upazila
1107:
1062:
992:junta in 2024.
975:Twan Mrat Naing
952:
938:
854:Chandra dynasty
821:
815:
812:
769:
767:
753:
741:
730:
724:
504:
494:
462:
459:
456:
453:
365:
319:Daingnet people
273:Southeast Asian
259:
249:
226:
160:Other countries
144:
142:
126:
124:
119:3,100,00 (2014)
108:
106:
86:
70:
55:
48:
33:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3016:
3014:
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2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
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2905:
2895:
2889:
2887:
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2882:
2880:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
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2844:
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2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2723:
2721:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2673:
2671:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2658:
2652:
2650:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2606:
2604:
2601:Bamar (Burman)
2597:
2596:
2594:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
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2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
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2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
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2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
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2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2366:Gunte (Lyente)
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2322:
2320:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2263:
2261:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2204:
2202:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2157:Maru (Lawgore)
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2128:
2126:
2119:
2118:
2114:Burmese people
2111:
2108:
2107:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2092:
2085:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2067:
2058:
2031:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2014:
2001:The Daily Star
1988:
1977:. 15 July 2015
1975:The Daily Star
1962:
1949:The Daily Star
1936:
1923:The Daily Star
1910:
1899:. 7 March 2011
1897:The Daily Star
1884:
1863:
1837:
1824:The Daily Star
1811:
1794:"Rakhain, The"
1781:
1768:
1738:
1731:
1713:
1701:
1694:
1676:
1653:
1618:
1593:
1584:
1548:
1516:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1492:
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1481:
1476:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1464:
1458:
1452:
1443:
1437:
1431:
1425:
1416:Rakhine people
1411:
1408:
1396:Bengali script
1322:Main article:
1319:
1316:
1294:is a Buddhist
1288:
1285:
1260:
1259:Buddha Purnima
1257:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1127:
1124:
1106:
1103:
1061:
1058:
1050:Operation 1027
960:Rakhine people
948:Main article:
937:
934:
870:Kingdom of Ava
823:
822:
758:. Please help
744:
742:
735:
723:
720:
554:Southeast Asia
493:
490:
364:
361:
296:Yangon Regions
228:
227:
225:
224:
218:
213:
208:
202:
199:
198:
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185:
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157:
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139:
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135:
121:
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117:
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102:
98:
97:
93:
92:
88:
87:
80:
72:
71:
65:
57:
56:
41:
36:Rakhine people
31:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3015:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2978:Rakhine State
2976:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2931:
2928:
2927:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2893:Anglo-Burmese
2891:
2890:
2888:
2884:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
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2800:
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2780:
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2770:
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2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2727:Danaw (Danau)
2725:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2715:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
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2684:
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2678:
2675:
2674:
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2669:
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2657:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2647:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2598:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
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2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
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2542:
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2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
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2472:
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2454:
2452:
2449:
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2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2401:Kwangli (Sim)
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
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2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
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2321:
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2314:
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2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2258:Kayin (Karen)
2255:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2199:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2115:
2109:
2105:
2098:
2093:
2091:
2086:
2084:
2079:
2078:
2075:
2068:
2064:
2059:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2038:
2032:
2028:
2023:
2022:
2018:
2002:
1998:
1992:
1989:
1976:
1972:
1966:
1963:
1950:
1946:
1940:
1937:
1924:
1920:
1914:
1911:
1898:
1894:
1888:
1885:
1873:
1867:
1864:
1852:
1848:
1841:
1838:
1825:
1821:
1815:
1812:
1800:. Banglapedia
1799:
1795:
1788:
1786:
1782:
1771:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1742:
1739:
1734:
1728:
1725:. Routledge.
1724:
1717:
1714:
1708:
1706:
1702:
1697:
1691:
1688:. Routledge.
1687:
1680:
1677:
1669:
1668:
1663:
1657:
1654:
1650:(2): 133–153.
1649:
1645:
1638:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1619:
1607:
1603:
1597:
1594:
1588:
1585:
1580:
1573:
1569:
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1561:
1559:
1557:
1555:
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1533:
1526:
1520:
1517:
1509:
1503:
1500:
1494:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1361:Rakhine State
1358:
1354:
1353:Tibeto-Burman
1345:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1325:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1286:
1280:
1276:
1274:
1270:
1269:enlightenment
1266:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1212:
1210:
1202:
1197:
1195:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1144:
1137:
1132:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1104:
1098:
1090:
1086:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1051:
1046:
1039:
1033:
1028:
1024:
1022:
1017:
1015:
1014:Confederalism
1010:
1008:
1003:
1001:
996:
993:
991:
987:
986:Arakan people
983:
982:Nyo Twan Awng
980:
976:
973:
972:Major General
969:
965:
961:
957:
951:
942:
935:
933:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
890:
888:
884:
879:
875:
871:
865:
863:
859:
855:
851:
842:
837:
829:
819:
808:
805:
801:
798:
794:
791:
787:
784:
780:
777: –
776:
772:
771:Find sources:
765:
761:
757:
751:
750:
749:single source
745:This article
743:
739:
734:
733:
729:
721:
719:
717:
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696:
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676:
672:
668:
664:
657:
653:
648:
644:
642:
638:
629:
625:
623:
619:
614:
612:
608:
600:
596:
592:
591:Maha Thammada
588:
584:
582:
578:
577:Rakhine State
574:
570:
566:
561:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
508:Rakhine State
503:
502:Rakhine State
499:
491:
489:
487:
483:
479:
475:
470:
468:
449:(မြန်မာကြီး;
448:
444:
440:
436:
435:
430:
428:
422:
417:
414:
408:
403:
399:
398:Arthur Phayre
395:
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305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
284:Rakhine State
281:
277:
274:
270:
265:
256:
246:ရခိုင်လူမျိုး
243:
239:
235:
222:
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
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195:
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187:
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140:
136:
134:
122:
118:
116:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
78:
73:
69:
68:Rakhine State
63:
58:
52:
44:ရခိုင်လူမျိုး
39:
30:
19:
2752:Khmu (Khamu)
2698:Miram (Mara)
2665:
2341:Bre (Ka-Yaw)
2112:
2062:
2050:. Retrieved
2046:the original
2036:
2026:
2019:Bibliography
2005:. Retrieved
2000:
1991:
1979:. Retrieved
1974:
1965:
1953:. Retrieved
1948:
1939:
1927:. Retrieved
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1901:. Retrieved
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1666:
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1644:Suvannabhumi
1643:
1609:. Retrieved
1605:
1596:
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1539:. Retrieved
1519:
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1457:, Politician
1455:Aung Zan Wai
1403:
1381:
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276:ethnic group
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231:
66:Flag of the
32:Ethnic group
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2877:Hkun (Khün)
2747:Khamti Shan
2668:(Arakanese)
2630:Kadu (Kado)
2556:Torr (Tawr)
2351:Dai (Yindu)
2282:Ta-Hlay-Pwa
1450:Arakan Army
1404:Rakkhavaṇṇa
1304:lunar month
1105:Persecution
1078:Cox's Bazar
1066:Mong circle
1032:Arakan Army
962:who follow
956:Arakan Army
950:Arakan Army
936:Arakan Army
887:Mahasammata
878:Min Saw Mon
876:, the king
856:that ruled
850:Old Burmese
684:cakravartin
637:Min Razagyi
390:Alaungsithu
317:, Kwe Myi,
189:Officially
2967:Categories
2228:Manu Manaw
2208:Geba Karen
1856:27 October
1851:Benar News
1495:References
1463:, musician
1430:, musician
1164:Mon people
1070:Patuakhali
908:, Captain
892:After the
858:Dhanyawadi
816:March 2023
786:newspapers
726:See also:
700:Chittagong
573:Bangladesh
571:region of
569:Chittagong
546:Dhanyawadi
524:Dhanyawadi
496:See also:
482:Arakanese.
427:Minrazagri
327:Mru people
300:Bangladesh
292:Ayeyarwady
133:Bangladesh
2947:Pakistani
2777:Shan Gale
2693:Maramagyi
2516:Saing Zan
2361:Eik-swair
2307:Shu (Pwo)
2267:Pa-Le-Chi
2243:Yin Talai
2201:Kayah (9)
2007:7 January
1981:7 January
1955:7 January
1929:7 January
1903:7 January
1830:7 January
1804:7 January
1541:24 August
1300:full moon
1252:full moon
1198:Festivals
924:state in
910:Hiram Cox
841:Bandarban
839:Group of
756:talk page
710:provoked
597:Kingdom,
556:with the
447:Myanmagyi
363:Ethnonyms
323:Maramagyi
269:Arakanese
223:or Baruas
221:Maramagyi
168:Languages
2952:Taungtha
2937:Rohingya
2910:Bayingyi
2872:Maingtha
2867:Maw Shan
2782:Shan Gyi
2688:Daingnet
2666:Rakhine
2531:Tangkhul
2526:Senthang
2406:Kwelshin
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2192:Ngochang
1532:Archived
1468:See also
1440:U Ottama
1434:Pe Myint
1386:(namely
1351:It is a
1318:Language
1296:holy day
1292:Pavarana
1273:Vaisakha
1232:Cambodia
1224:Thailand
862:Waithali
706:against
622:Buddhism
575:and the
528:Waithali
431:and the
425:Rakhine
413:rakkhasa
372:Rakhaing
184:Religion
83:Thingyan
2903:Panthay
2898:Chinese
2832:Yin Net
2827:Yin Kya
2817:Wa (Va)
2812:Taungyo
2807:Taishon
2802:Tai-Lay
2797:Tai-Lon
2792:Tai Nua
2787:Tai-Loi
2772:Palaung
2679:(Kaman)
2649:Mon (1)
2561:Yin Gog
2541:Tay-Zan
2411:Kwe Myi
2386:Kaungso
2376:Hualngo
2238:Yin Baw
2218:Karenni
2137:Dalaung
2132:Jingpaw
2052:10 July
1877:22 July
1611:4 March
1424:, actor
1422:Nay Toe
1388:Siddham
1369:Rakhine
1365:Burmese
1357:Myanmar
1334:Burmese
1302:of the
1220:Myanmar
1188:Myanmar
1184:mont di
1136:Sangrai
1126:Culture
1082:Myanmar
1074:Borguna
922:Tripura
800:scholar
708:Toungoo
693:Mrauk-U
679:Tripura
663:Min Bin
656:Mrauk U
595:Mrauk U
581:Myanmar
550:Kingdom
536:Mrauk U
516:Myanmar
486:Rakhine
478:Magadha
467:Burmese
454:
407:rākṣasa
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280:Myanmar
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2248:Zayein
2182:Rawang
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1428:Kaiser
1156:Burman
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675:Bengal
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512:Arakan
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1332:with
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926:India
807:JSTOR
793:books
532:Lemro
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267:) or
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1777:2022
1764:ISBN
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1690:ISBN
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