286:
added value of the ratio-dependent predation models is unclear and concludes that "As empirical evidence is often lacking on both functional responses and the importance of functional responses for population dynamics, there is no need to strongly favor one limit model over the others." A recent ecology undergraduate textbook devotes about equal space to Lotka-Volterra and Arditi-Ginzburg equations. Neither prey-dependent nor ratio-dependent models can claim universal accuracy but the issue is to identify which is least wrong.
213:
285:
and Peter A. Abrams. Ginzburg purports that ratio-dependent models more accurately depict predator-prey interactions while Abrams maintains that these models make unwarranted complicating assumptions. A later review critically examines the claims made about ratio-dependent predation to find that the
39:
280:
in large-scale natural systems in which predator efficiency decreases when prey is scarce. The merit of ratio-dependent versus prey-dependent models of predation has been the subject of much controversy, especially between the biologists
44:
208:{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}{\frac {dN}{dt}}&=f(N)\,N-g{\left(\!{\tfrac {N}{P}}\!\right)}P\\{\frac {dP}{dt}}&=e\,g{\left(\!{\tfrac {N}{P}}\!\right)}P-uP\end{aligned}}}
531:
461:
471:
359:
260:, where the per capita effect of predators on the prey population is simply a function of the magnitude of the prey population
541:
277:
257:
295:
546:
536:
378:
Abrams, Peter A.; Ginzburg, Lev R. (2000). "The nature of predation: prey-dependent, ratio-dependent or neither?".
273:
256:. Making predation pressure a function of the ratio of prey to predators contrasts with the prey-dependent
413:
Barraquand, F. (2014). "Functional responses and predator–prey models: a critique of ratio dependence".
233:. The per capita effect of predators on the prey population (the harvest rate) is modeled by a function
422:
300:
526:
438:
269:
323:
Arditi, Roger; Ginzburg, Lev R. (1989). "Coupling in predator-prey dynamics: ratio-dependence".
467:
395:
355:
489:"The issue isn't which model of consumer interference is right, but which one is least wrong"
225:) captures any change in the prey population not due to predator activity including inherent
500:
430:
387:
332:
268:). Because the number of prey harvested by each predator decreases as predators become more
282:
36:
that of a predator, the population dynamics are described by the following two equations:
426:
230:
391:
336:
520:
442:
434:
226:
505:
488:
457:
25:
399:
352:
How
Species Interact: Altering the Standard View on Trophic Ecology
238:
21:
272:, ratio-dependent predation is a way of incorporating predator
248:
of prey to predators. Predators receive a reproductive payoff,
171:
104:
42:
276:
for food. Ratio-dependent predation may account for
207:
182:
169:
115:
102:
8:
504:
170:
163:
159:
129:
103:
96:
86:
47:
43:
41:
350:Arditi, Roger; Ginzburg, Lev R. (2012).
32:is the population of a prey species and
487:Ginzburg, Lev R.; Damuth, John (2022).
312:
7:
373:
371:
318:
316:
252:for consuming prey, and die at rate
493:Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
463:Ecology: Concepts and Applications
14:
532:Ordinary differential equations
380:Trends in Ecology and Evolution
325:Journal of Theoretical Biology
83:
77:
1:
392:10.1016/S0169-5347(00)01908-X
337:10.1016/S0022-5193(89)80211-5
354:. Oxford University Press.
237:which is a function of the
563:
466:. McGraw-Hill Education.
435:10.1007/s12080-013-0201-9
274:intraspecific competition
18:Arditi–Ginzburg equations
506:10.3389/fevo.2022.860542
258:Lotka–Volterra equations
296:Lotka–Volterra equation
209:
542:Mathematical modeling
210:
40:
427:2014ThEco...7....3B
415:Theoretical Ecology
301:Population dynamics
205:
203:
180:
113:
547:Community ecology
537:Population models
179:
147:
112:
65:
554:
511:
510:
508:
484:
478:
477:
456:Molles, Manuel;
453:
447:
446:
410:
404:
403:
375:
366:
365:
347:
341:
340:
320:
214:
212:
211:
206:
204:
188:
187:
183:
181:
172:
148:
146:
138:
130:
121:
120:
116:
114:
105:
66:
64:
56:
48:
28:dynamics. Where
562:
561:
557:
556:
555:
553:
552:
551:
517:
516:
515:
514:
486:
485:
481:
474:
455:
454:
450:
412:
411:
407:
377:
376:
369:
362:
349:
348:
344:
322:
321:
314:
309:
292:
283:Lev R. Ginzburg
202:
201:
168:
164:
149:
139:
131:
126:
125:
101:
97:
67:
57:
49:
38:
37:
12:
11:
5:
560:
558:
550:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
519:
518:
513:
512:
479:
472:
448:
405:
386:(8): 337–341.
367:
360:
342:
331:(3): 311–326.
311:
310:
308:
305:
304:
303:
298:
291:
288:
200:
197:
194:
191:
186:
178:
175:
167:
162:
158:
155:
152:
150:
145:
142:
137:
134:
128:
127:
124:
119:
111:
108:
100:
95:
92:
89:
85:
82:
79:
76:
73:
70:
68:
63:
60:
55:
52:
46:
45:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
559:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
524:
522:
507:
502:
498:
494:
490:
483:
480:
475:
473:9781259880056
469:
465:
464:
459:
452:
449:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
409:
406:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
374:
372:
368:
363:
361:9780199913831
357:
353:
346:
343:
338:
334:
330:
326:
319:
317:
313:
306:
302:
299:
297:
294:
293:
289:
287:
284:
279:
278:heterogeneity
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
215:
198:
195:
192:
189:
184:
176:
173:
165:
160:
156:
153:
151:
143:
140:
135:
132:
122:
117:
109:
106:
98:
93:
90:
87:
80:
74:
71:
69:
61:
58:
53:
50:
35:
31:
27:
26:predator–prey
23:
19:
496:
492:
482:
462:
451:
418:
414:
408:
383:
379:
351:
345:
328:
324:
265:
261:
253:
249:
245:
241:
234:
222:
218:
216:
33:
29:
17:
15:
421:(1): 3–20.
231:death rates
24:-dependent
521:Categories
499:: 860542.
458:Sher, Anna
307:References
527:Predation
443:255518461
193:−
91:−
20:describe
460:(2018).
400:10884706
290:See also
423:Bibcode
470:
441:
398:
358:
439:S2CID
270:dense
239:ratio
227:birth
217:Here
22:ratio
468:ISBN
396:PMID
356:ISBN
229:and
16:The
501:doi
431:doi
388:doi
333:doi
329:139
523::
497:10
495:.
491:.
437:.
429:.
417:.
394:.
384:15
382:.
370:^
327:.
315:^
250:e,
509:.
503::
476:.
445:.
433::
425::
419:7
402:.
390::
364:.
339:.
335::
266:N
264:(
262:g
254:u
246:P
244:/
242:N
235:g
223:N
221:(
219:f
199:P
196:u
190:P
185:)
177:P
174:N
166:(
161:g
157:e
154:=
144:t
141:d
136:P
133:d
123:P
118:)
110:P
107:N
99:(
94:g
88:N
84:)
81:N
78:(
75:f
72:=
62:t
59:d
54:N
51:d
34:P
30:N
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.