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and the larger towns of the Niger River bend . Never able to exert control outside their large fortifications, within a decade the expedition's leaders were abandoned by
Morocco . In cities like Timbuktu, the men of the 1591 expedition intermarried with the Songhai, became small scale independent
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Michel Aitbol. Tombouctou et les Arma de la conquête marocaine du Soudan nigérien en 1591 à l'hégémonie de l'empire peul du Macina en 1833. Paris, (1979).
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Goths in the Lands of the Blacks. New Arabic manuscript finds from
Timbuktu and their significance for the historiography of the Niger Bend
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537:. Al-Andalus, Andalucía y España en Tombuctú y la frontera subsahariana (s. XVI-XXI). Universidad de Jaén (Spain), 19–20 February 2004.
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rulers, and some of their descendants came to be identified as minor dynasties of their own right . By the end of the 17th century,
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Peoples of Africa: An Ethnohistorical Dictionary. "Arma", p. 37. Greenwood Press (1996)
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and other forces came to control empires and city-states in the region, leaving the Arma as a mere ethnicity.
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invaders of the 16th century . The name, applied by other groups, derives from the word
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The Arma ethnicity is distinct from (but sometimes confused with) the 3.6 million
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of western Niger, who predate the
Moroccan invasion and speak the
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Cambridge history of Africa, Volume 4 : c.1600-c.1790
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426:: Commander of the Moroccan military Expedition of the 1590s.
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and
European renegades . They were armed with European-style
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As of 1986, there were some 20,000 self-identified Arma in
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374:of Morocco was made up of four thousand
50:This article includes a list of general
535:I Congreso Internacional sobre los Arma
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27:Moroccan-descended ethnic group of Mali
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118:Regions with significant populations
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193:are an ethnic group of the middle
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247:Songhai expedition and aftermath
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32:Armas (disambiguation)
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168:Related ethnic groups
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113:Approximately 20,000
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640:Netherlands
595:Brazil/Peru
456:N. Levtzion
424:Judar Pasha
195:Niger River
191:Arma people
125:Niger River
69:introducing
1079:Categories
833:Toucouleur
470:References
387:arquebuses
309:newspapers
127:Valley of
77:April 2012
52:references
956:Idaksahak
901:Ait-Awari
783:Khassonké
763:Idaksahak
266:does not
140:Languages
798:Mandinka
778:Jakhanke
509:(1999),
502:. (2001)
418:See also
399:Timbuktu
383:refugees
376:Moroccan
237:Timbuktu
203:ar-rumah
199:Moroccan
182:Moroccan
156:Religion
961:Igdalen
906:Baggara
818:Soninke
813:Songhai
768:Igdalen
743:Djimini
728:Bambara
620:Germany
605:Denmark
590:Belgium
404:Bambara
380:Morisco
323:scholar
287:removed
272:sources
174:Songhai
123:Middle
65:improve
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993:Toubou
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645:Norway
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600:Canada
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211:الرماة
207:Arabic
162:Muslim
150:French
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916:Dendi
838:Toloy
803:Marka
788:Kunta
753:Dyula
748:Dogon
650:Spain
630:Italy
614:Paris
443:Notes
330:JSTOR
316:books
178:Mandé
133:Niger
18:Armas
1036:stub
1003:Wogo
931:Fula
921:Daza
896:Arma
823:Susu
758:Fula
733:Bozo
723:Arma
635:Mali
515:ISBN
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477:ISBN
412:Fula
362:The
302:news
270:any
268:cite
233:Mali
189:The
129:Mali
103:Arma
738:Bwa
395:Gao
281:by
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