991:. Laudon's only line of retreat was a mountain path to Levico, passable only by a single man at a time. He was threatened by Moncey's force who could now be reinforced at short notice by MacDonald. Laudon sent an emissary to Moncey stating falsely that Bellegarde had agreed an armistice with Brune. Moncey did not suspect foul play and allowed Laudon to withdraw via the pass to Levico. In return Laudon granted Moncey un-contested possession of the pass to Trent, Moncey not being aware that that town was already occupied by MacDonald.
894:
1050:, a key objective of Napoleon, to the French. However, with his army weakened by the mountain crossings, combat losses and detachments to blockade towns in the rear, Brune agreed to a treaty that excluded Mantua. His fear was that otherwise the Austrians, reinforced with troops from Tyrol, could attack the French on the open plains near Treviso with fresh cavalry forces. The armistice of Treviso handed
881:. Napoleon desired the city, which was within striking distance of a French force, and as a result was displeased with Brune, who had promised that Mantua would form part of any armistice deal. However, following French victories in Tuscany and Germany, the French were able to negotiate the ceding of Mantua as part of the
1104:
In the case where the generals in command of the respective armies in Italy have concluded an armistice convention before the present one comes to their knowledge, that concluded by the aforementioned generals shall alone be executed, understanding that the evacuation of the five places stipulated in
1094:
Dans le cas où les généraux en chef des armées respectives en Italie auraient arrêté une convention d'armistice avant que la présente parvienne à leur connaissance, celle conclue par lesdits généraux sera seule exécutée, bien entendu que l'évacuation des cinq places stipulée dans l'article I aura
1082:
Cobenzl was not informed of the armistice of
Treviso before, around noon on 25 January, he began a marathon session of negotiations to extended the armistice of Steyr, which was set to expire the following day, and to procure an armistice for Italy. The following morning, the two sides in Paris
902:
1144:
Napoleon was displeased with the armistice, which came as a surprise to him. Murat's troops were almost within striking distance of Mantua at the time it was concluded. Napoleon's disapproval was such that he never again granted Brune an important command.
1022:
to
Cobenzl authorizing peace negotiations, which has been called the "epitaph" of his policy and which he called the "epitaph of the Monarchy and the glory of Austria". By the time the instructions of the 18th reached Cobenzl on 26 December, the
1136:
with France on 9 February 1801. This included the ceding of Mantua to France and the withdrawal of
Austria from the war of the second coalition. This left the British to continue the war alone until they themselves concluded peace in the 1802
876:
from a succession of defensive positions in the mountains. Bellegarde retreated to
Treviso and prepared for its defence but agreed to a ceasefire. Under the terms the Austrians ceded many towns in northern Italy but retained
1083:
agreed to an armistice covering both Italy and
Germany. This agreement took into account the possibility that the commanders in Italy had already signed an armistice and gave such an agreement precedence with one exception:
525:
1018:. Although Thugut opposed an armistice and preferred to fight "to the knife", he instructed Cobenzl to seek a preliminary peace agreement in order to obtain an armistice. On 23 December, Thugut drafted a formal imperial
518:
511:
145:
1121:, resisted by Cobenzl until the very end. In light of the news of Treviso, the concession of Mantua was an "irretrievable blunder" caused by poor Habsburg communications.
910:
535:
475:
1128:
defeated the
Neapolitan army in Tuscany. The latter country was saved from occupation by the intervention of the pro-French Russian Tsar, but in the subsequent
1039:
Bellegarde was isolated by the retreats of his subordinates and his 35,000 men were outnumbered by the 45,000 under Brune. He withdrew to a point in front of
1074:
called "the bulwark of the Empire". The French blockade of the city would remain in force, but it would be receive ten days' worth of supplies at a time.
138:
1132:
was forced to withdraw from the coalition and close its ports to
British ships. Austria was therefore isolated and under great pressure concluded the
1117:
The five fortresses to be surrendered were Mantua, Peschiera, Legnano, Ferrara and Ancona. This had been a longstanding demand of First Consul
1372:
131:
1399:
1028:
454:
1043:
and began to prepare a defensive position. However, before battle was joined the
Armistice of Treviso was signed on 16 January 1801.
484:
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571:
249:
179:
1071:
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447:
219:
673:
1404:
976:
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461:
324:
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Brune had on 13 January promised
Napoleon that he would not conclude an armistice with the Austrians that did not hand
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419:
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37:
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972:, intending to provide time for Laudon and Vukassovich to assemble, but was driven from that position by Brune.
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746:
725:
648:
556:
404:
399:
314:
244:
209:
169:
1031:. Fighting continued in Italy while Cobenzl in Paris and the generals on the ground each sought an armistice.
934:
861:
740:
710:
693:
299:
294:
289:
239:
199:
94:
1344:
History of Europe from the
Commencement of the French Revolution to the Restoration of the Bourbons in 1815
1322:
History of Europe from the Commencement of the French Revolution to the Restoration of the Bourbons in 1815
1294:
History of Europe from the Commencement of the French Revolution to the Restoration of the Bourbons in 1815
1205:
History of Europe from the Commencement of the French Revolution to the Restoration of the Bourbons in 1815
1188:
History of Europe from the Commencement of the French Revolution to the Restoration of the Bourbons in 1815
1168:
History of Europe from the Commencement of the French Revolution to the Restoration of the Bourbons in 1815
1394:
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1129:
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had already been signed the day before. That agreement, however, was only binding in
1362:
1342:
1320:
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1166:
1070:
to France. Austrian forces would remain in control of Mantua, which the Emperor
123:
979:
pursued Laudon and drove him from successive positions at Alta, St Marco and
845:
941:
on Christmas Day 1800. This allowed Brune to cautiously advance across the
1019:
980:
969:
1263:
1067:
1059:
1040:
1006:'s forces only 65 kilometres (40 mi) from the Austrian capital at
849:
55:
1063:
1055:
1047:
1007:
984:
942:
878:
1256:
1247:
L. M. Roberts, "The Negotiations Preceding the Peace of Lunéville",
999:
949:
900:
892:
1364:
Wars Against Napoleon: Debunking the Myth of the Napoleonic Wars
507:
127:
987:
from Vukassovich by a force of 9,000 men under French General
1086:
933:
won a hard-fought victory over the Austrians, under General
983:
to La Pietra. Laudon was isolated there by the capture of
1279:
For God and Kaiser: The Imperial Austrian Army, 1619–1918
1251:, New Series, Vol. 15 (1901), pp. 47–130, esp. 101–108.
1014:, drafted new instructions for his ambassador in Paris,
952:
river unopposed as Bellegarde pulled back, keen to join
103:
81:
69:
51:
43:
32:
24:
1010:. On 18 December, the Habsburg foreign minister,
36:Ended fighting between France and Austria in the
1361:Franceschi, General Michel; Weider, Ben (2008).
1105:the first article shall take place in any case.
519:
139:
8:
1249:Transactions of the Royal Historical Society
1092:
998:on 3 December and the subsequent capture of
19:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1281:(Yale University Press, 2015). pp. 227–228.
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132:
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18:
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1231:
960:whose 20,000 troops were moving down the
905:Austrian General Heinrich von Bellegarde
1356:
1354:
1225:(Oxford University Press, 2020), p. 82.
1154:
868:on 25 December 1800 and drove Generals
860:. Brune had defeated Austrian General
16:1801 treaty between France and Austria
1223:The Napoleonic Wars: A Global History
7:
994:In Germany, a French victory at the
14:
968:. Bellegarde held his forces at
958:Johann Ludwig Alexius von Loudon
874:Johann Ludwig Alexius von Loudon
1341:Alison, Sir Archibald (1860).
1319:Alison, Sir Archibald (1860).
1291:Alison, Sir Archibald (1860).
1202:Alison, Sir Archibald (1860).
1185:Alison, Sir Archibald (1860).
1165:Alison, Sir Archibald (1860).
897:French General Guillaume Brune
848:signed on 16 January 1801, in
699:Fall of the Republic of Venice
1:
909:The French were engaged in a
856:and the Austrians during the
1367:. Savas Beatie. p. 91.
1347:. W. Blackwood. p. 461.
1325:. W. Blackwood. p. 460.
1297:. W. Blackwood. p. 457.
1208:. W. Blackwood. p. 459.
1191:. W. Blackwood. p. 456.
1171:. W. Blackwood. p. 455.
977:Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey
948:Brune was able to cross the
1400:War of the Second Coalition
927:War of the Second Coalition
858:War of the Second Coalition
157:War of the Second Coalition
38:War of the Second Coalition
1426:
911:campaign in northern Italy
1012:Johann Amadeus von Thugut
954:Josef Philipp Vukassovich
870:Josef Philipp Vukassovich
852:, between French General
552:
544:French Revolutionary Wars
165:
1004:Jean Victor Marie Moreau
1095:lieu dans tous les cas.
935:Heinrich von Bellegarde
862:Heinrich von Bellegarde
95:Heinrich von Bellegarde
1093:
919:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
906:
898:
448:Mediterranean Campaign
1219:Alexander Mikaberidze
996:Battle of Hohenlinden
975:A French force under
904:
896:
110:French First Republic
1130:Armistice of Folgano
915:Archduchy of Austria
885:of 9 February 1801.
842:Armistice of Treviso
20:Armistice of Treviso
1405:January 1801 events
1134:Treaty of Lunéville
1016:Philipp von Cobenzl
883:Treaty of Lunéville
593:Montenotte Campaign
75:Treaty of Lunéville
21:
1119:Napoleon Bonaparte
1025:armistice of Steyr
907:
899:
77:on 9 February 1801
73:Supplanted by the
1374:978-1-61121-029-3
1277:Richard Bassett,
1114:
1113:
989:Jacques MacDonald
939:Battle of Pozzolo
929:. French General
923:Kingdom of Naples
866:Battle of Pozzolo
837:
836:
537:Italian Campaigns
501:
500:
462:Italian and Swiss
455:Egyptian Campaign
122:
121:
60:Venetian Province
1417:
1379:
1378:
1358:
1349:
1348:
1338:
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1192:
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1162:
1139:Treaty of Amiens
1097:
1087:
966:plain of Bassano
791:Marengo campaign
547:
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538:
528:
521:
514:
505:
492:Marengo Campaign
476:Italian Campaign
275:Vlieter incident
160:
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28:Ceasefire treaty
22:
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1080:
1037:
931:Guillaume Brune
925:as part of the
891:
854:Guillaume Brune
838:
833:
704:Veronese Easter
582:Monte Settepani
548:
543:
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532:
502:
497:
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161:
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114:Habsburg Empire
112:
93:
90:Guillaume Brune
83:
64:Habsburg Empire
47:16 January 1801
17:
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850:Treviso, Italy
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485:Dutch Campaign
481:
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469:Swiss Campaign
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1395:1801 treaties
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1126:Joachim Murat
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829:Porto Ferrajo
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439:Porto Ferrajo
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295:Gotthard Pass
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1278:
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1214:
1204:
1197:
1187:
1167:
1143:
1123:
1116:
1108:
1081:
1045:
1038:
993:
974:
962:Brenta river
947:
913:against the
908:
841:
839:
816:
789:
762:
745:
591:
490:
483:
474:
467:
460:
453:
446:
355:2nd Stockach
195:1st Stockach
753:2nd Marengo
736:1st Marengo
649:2nd Bassano
644:1st Bassano
629:Castiglione
572:2nd Saorgio
557:1st Saorgio
410:Hohenlinden
390:3rd Marengo
380:Iller River
305:Linth River
270:Callantsoog
250:2nd Marengo
220:1st Marengo
84:signatories
1389:Categories
1149:References
1072:Francis II
889:Background
812:Montebello
758:2nd Mantua
731:Bassignana
674:1st Mantua
420:Copenhagen
385:Montebello
350:Hohentwiel
310:Muottental
300:2nd Zurich
280:Krabbendam
235:1st Zurich
230:Winterthur
225:Frauenfeld
215:Bassignana
70:Expiration
1078:Aftermath
1052:Peschiera
1035:Agreement
937:, at the
846:ceasefire
807:Chiusella
802:Fort Bard
684:Valvasone
634:Peschiera
619:Borghetto
425:Algeciras
395:Höchstädt
375:Chiusella
370:Fort Bard
360:Messkirch
320:Castricum
190:Feldkirch
175:Nicopolis
116:(Austria)
97:(Austria)
1124:General
1020:rescript
981:Roveredo
970:Caldiero
921:and the
785:3rd Novi
775:2nd Novi
659:Caldiero
654:Calliano
639:Rovereto
599:2nd Dego
577:1st Dego
365:Biberach
340:Wiesloch
335:3rd Novi
325:2nd Novi
285:Mannheim
92:(France)
82:Original
52:Location
1410:Treviso
1264:3678081
1068:Ferrara
1060:Legnago
1041:Treviso
1029:Germany
964:to the
945:River.
864:at the
824:Pozzolo
818:Marengo
747:Trebbia
726:Cassano
721:Brescia
716:Magnano
567:Epierre
562:MĂ©ribel
541:of the
405:Ampfing
400:Neuburg
315:Alkmaar
245:Trebbia
210:Cassano
205:Magnano
185:Ostrach
170:Butrint
104:Parties
62:of the
56:Treviso
33:Context
1371:
1262:
1109:
1064:Ancona
1056:Verona
1048:Mantua
1008:Vienna
943:Mincio
917:, the
879:Mantua
844:was a
780:Genola
741:Modena
711:Verona
694:Tarvis
679:Faenza
669:Rivoli
664:Arcole
624:Lonato
609:Fombio
415:Mincio
330:Genola
290:Bergen
265:Amsteg
255:Mantua
240:Modena
200:Verona
44:Signed
1260:JSTOR
1002:left
1000:Steyr
985:Trent
950:Adige
797:Genoa
689:Tyrol
587:Loano
345:Genoa
180:Corfu
1369:ISBN
1066:and
956:and
872:and
840:The
770:Gavi
764:Novi
614:Lodi
604:Ceva
260:Novi
25:Type
1253:doi
433:2nd
429:1st
1391::
1353:^
1331:^
1303:^
1270:^
1230:^
1221:,
1177:^
1157:^
1141:.
1062:,
1058:,
1054:,
431:•
58:,
1377:.
1255::
527:e
520:t
513:v
435:)
427:(
147:e
140:t
133:v
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