31:
372:
494:
519:
445:
490:
relationship between
CausantĂn and Rhun could be evidence that Arthgal's demise was orchestrated to allow Rhun gain the throne. One possibility is that Rhun had been exiled from his father's realm, and had been living at the Pictish royal court when AmlaĂb and Ămar commenced their campaign. This could mean that CausantĂn acted to offset any rival Rhun had in regard to the British kingship. Conversely, if there was no strife between Rhun and Arthgal, CausantĂn's actions against the latter could have been carried out in the context of an intrusive and aggressive neighbour.
256:
577:. A similar relationship between Arthgal and Viking power could explain CausantĂn's role in Arthgal's demise, and could explain how Rhun succeeded to the throne. There is also reason to suspect that, as a result of Rhun's assumption of power, CausantĂn gained overlordship over the kingdom. In any event, Arthgal's apparent elimination at CausantĂn's instigation would appear to have rid the Picts of a neighbouring adversary, and would have served to increase CausantĂn's authority and reputation.
184:, was CausantĂn's brother-in-law could be evidence that Arthgal was killed to make way for Rhun. Another possibility is that, following the destruction of Alt Clut, Arthgal ruled as a puppet king under the Vikings. If so, this could also account for CausantĂn's actions. On the other hand, CausantĂn may have merely acted out of sheer opportunism, and Rhun may have succeeded to the throne without his assistance. In any event, either Arthgal or Rhun could have been the first kings to rule as
197:
565:âwhere he overcame the "king of the Britons of the green mantles". This source, coupled with Arthgal's obituaries, could indicate that CausantĂn had Arthgal executed or assassinated after defeating him in battle. Such an event may account for the specific records of CausantĂn's role in Arthgal's demise. Another possibility is that, following the conquest of Alt Clut, Arthgal ruled as a
407:
Pictish slaves or subjects. On the other hand, the recorded ethnicities may be evidence that Alt Clut's fall was the only recorded incident in what may have been a series of coeval Viking campaigns in the region, and may indicate that AmlaĂb and Ămar not only established overlordship over the
Strathclyde British, but that they also asserted power over the English of
7998:
503:
served as a Viking military base following the
British defeat, there is no archaeological evidence evincing its use as a seat of lordship until later centuries. Perhaps the site was discredited, and came to be regarded as unsuitable to the ruling dynasty thereafter. Certainly, the British capital appears to have shifted up the
502:
Arthgal's elimination may have been carried out in the context of an attempt by
CausantĂn to capitalise upon the political turmoil wrought by the Viking onslaught. The destruction of Alt Clut marks the last time the fortress appears on record until the thirteenth century. Although the site could have
395:
The reasons behind the attack are uncertain. On one hand, it is possible that Alt Clut was targeted because it was regarded as a rich target. On the other hand, the remarkable duration of the siege could indicate that, instead of merely plundering
Arthgal's realm, AmlaĂb and Ămar specifically sought
543:
in consequence of its reorientation towards Ystrat Clut (Strathclyde), the valley of the River Clyde. Arthgal himself is styled King of the
Strathclyde Britons upon his death in 872âthe first use of this terminology by Irish sources. Whilst it is possible that Arthgal met his end in Ireland at the
406:
were utilised as naval bases by the
Vikings in Ireland. The destruction of the citadel may have allowed the Vikings to gain unrestricted access into central Scotland. On one hand, the recorded ethnicity of the Vikings' captives could reveal that the Britons of Alt Clut possessed many English and
489:
If Rhun succeeded
Arthgalâas seems likelyâit is uncertain how long he outlived him. Despite CausantĂn's part in Arthgal's demise, Rhun is otherwise known to have married a sister of CausantĂn at some point. Although the circumstances surrounding Arthgal's assassination are unknown, the familial
180:. The circumstances surrounding Arthgal's death are uncertain. Whilst it is possible he was captured by the Vikings in 870 and slain whilst still in captivity, it is also possible that he was reigning as king when he died. The fact that Arthgal's succeeding son,
538:
This relocation of the capital seems to be borne out by surviving documentary sources. Until the fall of Alt Clut, for example, the rulers of the realm were styled after the fortress. After the loss of this site, the
Kingdom of Alt Clut came to be known as the
239:, and may have been overseen by either Arthgal or Dyfnwal. This notice of penetration into Pictish territory is the first record of British activity since the midpoint of the eighth century. The razing of Dunblane could be evidence that the British
7845:
544:
hands of his Viking captors, the title accorded to him on his death could be evidence that he had instead been ruling the new
Kingdom of Strathclyde. In fact, it is possible that he or Rhun was the first monarch to rule this realm.
435:
seems to show that AmlaĂb promptly returned to Britain in about 872 could be evidence that the assault on Alt Clut was undertaken in the context of territorial conquest/control rather than the mere acquisition of portable wealth.
515:. Whilst the former siteâon the north bank of the River Clydeâappears to have been utilised by Arthgal's eighth-century predecessors, the latter siteâon the south bankâcould well have been used at least a century earlier.
396:
and succeeded in capturing the capital. It could be that AmlaĂb and Ămar regarded the kings of Alt Clut as an active threat to their maritime interests, and that the fortress of Alt Clut served the Britons much like how
7178:
160:
captives back to Ireland. The fall of Alt Clut marked a watershed in the history of Arthgal's realm. Afterwards, the capital of the kingdom appears to have relocated up the River Clyde to the vicinity of
497:
A mounted warrior displayed upon the Govan sarcophagus. This monument is perhaps the finest example of the so-called 'Govan School' of sculpture. The sarcophagus could to be that of Arthgal's adversary,
7041:
1379:
This siteâidentified in local tradition as "Doomster Hill"âwas destroyed in the nineteenth century. The stepped sides of the hill are similar to those of some Scandinavian assembly sites in Britain and
7853:
5172:
1342:
This marital alliance may have been contracted in the context of repairing relations between the Britons of Alt Clut and the Picts following the attack on Dunblane in 849.
8346:
8267:
4995:
479:
177:
452:, the brother-in-law of Arthgal's son, and the man who instigated Arthgal's death, as it appears on folio 29v of Paris BibliothĂšque Nationale Latin 4126 (the
5331:
30:
8089:
236:
6439:"Cultural Contacts and Ethnic Origins in Viking Age Wales and Northern Britain: The Case of Albanus, Britain's First Inhabitant and Scottish Ancestor"
321:. The fact that such far-off sources make note of the event may exemplify the alarm caused by the Vikings' successes throughout Britain. According to
371:
4509:
7232:
The Fantastic in Old Norse/Icelandic Literature: Preprint Papers of the 13th International Saga Conference, Durham and York 6thâ12th August 2006
8381:
6812:
7954:
7928:
7897:
7831:
7528:
7505:
7341:
7248:
7025:
6801:
6724:
6643:
6621:
6280:
6052:
6013:
5981:
5950:
5900:
5735:
5716:
5697:
5674:
5613:
5518:
5477:
5164:
4636:
303:
after a blockade of four months. The destruction of Alt Clut is also documented by Welsh sources such as the eleventh- to thirteenth-century
7154:"The Dubh Gall in Southern Scotland: The Politics of Northumbria, Dublin, and the Community of St Cuthbert in the Viking Age, c. 870â950 CE"
7037:"Holocene Relative Sea-Level Changes in Western Scotland: The Early Insular Situation of Dun Add (Kintyre) and Dumbarton Rock (Strathclyde)"
7263:
5640:
6736:
Language, History and Onomastics in Medieval Cumbria: An Analysis of the Generative Usage of the Cumbric Habitative Generics Cair and Tref
547:
There is also reason to suspect that Arthgal's death occurred in the context of conflict with the Picts. For example, the twelfth-century
8328:
8260:
6212:
325:, Alt Clut only fell to attacks after the well went dry. One possibility is that the Vikings had successfully secured control of the
263:
occupied Alt Clut ("the rock of the Clyde"). The mediaeval citadel that sat atop this geological formation formed the capital of the
7878:
7722:
7663:
7547:
7482:
7142:
6998:
6972:
6893:
6822:
6590:
6557:
6306:
6189:
6170:
6143:
6079:
5838:
5586:
5567:
5548:
5496:
5264:
4818:
4792:
444:
8391:
5753:
5395:
5228:
518:
493:
8082:
7271:
Oram, RD (2008). "Royal and Lordly Residence in Scotland c 1050 to c 1250: An Historiographical Review and Critical Revision".
7184:
6400:
6220:
6004:. Celtic, Anglo-Saxon, and Scandinavian Studies. Aberdeen: Centre for Anglo-Saxon Studies and The Centre for Celtic Studies,
223:
5887:
Crawford, BE (2014). "The Kingdom of Man and the Earldom of OrkneyâSome Comparisons". In SigurĂ°sson, JV; Bolton, T (eds.).
1180:
Alt Clut was earlier attacked by a combined force of Picts and Northumbrians in about 756, and when Arthgal's predecessor,
8253:
7966:
7587:
7474:
5270:
4695:
4538:
287:
8002:
6263:. Resource Assessment of Local History and Archaeology in West Central Scotland. Glasgow: Glasgow Museums. pp. 1â15.
8334:
8306:
8276:
8098:
346:
reveal that AmlaĂb and Ămar returned to Ireland with a fleet of two hundred ships, and a mass of captives identified as
6881:
6631:
6446:
7639:
1318:
449:
8311:
8075:
7760:
Valante, MA (1998â1999). "Taxation, Tolls and Tribute: The Language of Economics and Trade in Viking-Age Ireland".
7516:
6036:
5830:
5597:
5469:
4838:
4628:
4599:
411:
and throughout the Pictish realm. Although it is possible that the Scandinavians sought a connecting route between
364:, a ninth-century German source. The captives could have been meant for ransom, or may have been intended for the
8206:
6290:
6154:
5284:
5217:
1181:
617:
7351:
204:
According to a pedigree preserved within a collection of tenth-century Welsh genealogical material known as the
8221:
8186:
8032:
7866:
6670:
6132:"Formalising the Mechanisms of State Power: Early Scottish Lordship From the Ninth to the Thirteenth Centuries"
5087:
4933:
4586:
806:
215:
118:
68:
6499:; Gallagher, D; Holden, T; Hunter, F; Sanderson, D; Thoms, J (2004). "Dundonald Castle Excavations, 1986â93".
6316:
Durkan, J (1998). "Cadder and Environs, and the Development of the Church in Glasgow in the Twelfth Century".
486:, Arthgal's only known son, is the last king to be listed in the Harleian pedigree that pertains to Arthgal.
8130:
7273:
5923:
5666:
4604:
5941:
Davies, JR (2009). "Bishop Kentigern Among the Britons". In Boardman, S; Davies, JR; Williamson, E (eds.).
5891:. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400â1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden:
4556:
530:. The scene shows a now-nonexistent artificial hill that could to have been the royal assembly site of the
8216:
6138:. University of Glasgow Postgraduate School of Scottish Studies. Glasgow: Cruithne Press. pp. 32â58.
6005:
5973:
5506:
4883:
4620:
4564:
4472:
698:
574:
570:
569:
under AmlaĂb and Ămar. Certainly, the Vikings utilised royal puppets in the conquered English kingdoms of
549:
540:
531:
170:
7062:
Macquarrie, A (1986). "The Career of Saint Kentigern of Glasgow: Vitae, Lectiones and Glimpses of Fact".
8211:
4967:
1301:
1252:
Alt Clut had evidently been the principal stronghold of the Strathclyde Britons since the fifth century.
644:
4766:
4687:
8322:
8196:
8160:
8140:
8102:
8067:
7493:
6716:
6634:(2012). "Warfare in Northern Britain, c. 500â1093". In Spiers, EM; Crang, JA; Strickland, MJ (eds.).
6541:
5003:
1270:
1195:
454:
311:
247:
would appear to have seized upon the chaos wrought by contemporaneous Viking attacks upon the Picts.
232:
206:
176:
Two years after the fall of Alt Clut, Arthgal is recorded to have been assassinated at the behest of
122:
5991:
Downham, C (2011). "Viking Identities in Ireland: It's not all Black and White". In Duffy, S (ed.).
5848:
Crawford, BE (2000). "The Scandinavian Contribution to the Development of the Kingdom of Scotland".
1239:
The triumphant return of AmlaĂb and Ămar with their prisoners is also reported by the reconstructed
8386:
8191:
8150:
8135:
7744:
7558:
6836:
1330:
1266:
1262:
1099:. Since the 1990s, academics have accorded Arthgal various patronyms in English secondary sources:
365:
264:
260:
240:
185:
133:
114:
7243:. Medium Ăvum Monographs. Oxford: The Society for the Study of MediĂŠval Languages and Literature.
7133:
Macquarrie, A (1998) . "The Kings of Strathclyde, c. 400â1018". In Grant, A; Stringer, KJ (eds.).
6438:
255:
8155:
8125:
7975:
7912:
7802:
7773:
7690:
7620:
7604:
7449:
7395:
7387:
7371:
7316:
7290:
7079:
6986:
6945:
6920:
6852:
6772:
6687:
6660:
6524:
6508:
6479:
6463:
6425:
6417:
6374:
6333:
6110:
5867:
5850:
5805:
5528:
5444:
5372:
5364:
5348:
5317:
5301:
5205:
5189:
5131:
4989:
4941:
4927:
4891:
4871:
4855:
4752:
4526:
334:
300:
7153:
6963:
Kelly, E; Maas, J (1999). "The Vikings and the Kingdom of Laois". In Lane, PG; Nolan, W (eds.).
305:
6885:
6873:
5009:
Chronicles of the Picts, Chronicles of the Scots, and Other Early Memorials of Scottish History
243:
was in the process of extending its authority at the expense of the Pictish regime. If so, the
8201:
8181:
8176:
7983:
7950:
7924:
7893:
7874:
7841:
7827:
7810:
7765:
7718:
7698:
7659:
7612:
7573:
7543:
7524:
7501:
7478:
7457:
7420:
7379:
7337:
7333:
7308:
7244:
7208:
7165:
7138:
7087:
7050:
7021:
6994:
6968:
6928:
6889:
6828:
6818:
6797:
6780:
6720:
6695:
6639:
6617:
6586:
6553:
6516:
6496:
6471:
6382:
6341:
6302:
6276:
6243:
6216:
6185:
6166:
6162:
6139:
6118:
6075:
6058:
6048:
6019:
6009:
5977:
5956:
5946:
5906:
5896:
5875:
5834:
5813:
5731:
5712:
5693:
5670:
5649:
5619:
5609:
5605:
5596:
Clancy, TO (2009). "The Cults of Saints Patrick and Palladius in Early Medieval Scotland". In
5582:
5563:
5544:
5514:
5492:
5473:
5452:
5356:
5309:
5197:
5139:
4863:
4824:
4814:
4788:
4784:
4699:
4632:
4580:
4462:
1322:
360:
317:
244:
211:
7949:. Blackwell Companions to British History. Chichester: Blackwell Publishing. pp. 41â56.
7492:Ă CorrĂĄin, D (2006) . "Ireland, Scotland and Wales, c.700 to the Early Eleventh Century". In
7258:
McTurk, RW (1976). "Ragnarr LoĂ°brĂłk in the Irish Annals?". In Almqvist, B; Greene, D (eds.).
1087:
Since the 1990s, academics have accorded Arthgal various names in English secondary sources:
8316:
8039:
7942:
7916:
7794:
7682:
7596:
7441:
7363:
7298:
7282:
7071:
6949:
6912:
6764:
6739:
6708:
6679:
6545:
6455:
6409:
6366:
6325:
6102:
6040:
5927:
5892:
5859:
5797:
5758:
5436:
5400:
5340:
5293:
5233:
5181:
5123:
5114:
5025:
4847:
4548:
4518:
1326:
1226:
384:
376:
292:
281:
268:
137:
110:
47:
37:
7907:
Woolf, A (2010). "Reporting Scotland in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle". In Jorgensen, A (ed.).
1300:
by the eleventh century, there is reason to suspect that, in this instance, it refers to a
35:
Arthgal's title as it appears on folio 25v of Oxford Bodleian Library Rawlinson B 489 (the
8300:
8294:
8232:
8120:
8052:
7748:
7710:
7642:
7009:
6864:
6596:
5785:
5689:
5097:
5096:. Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ăvi Scriptores. London: Longman, Green, Longman, and Roberts.
5035:
5013:
4977:
4905:
4810:
4802:
4495:
4476:
1360:
1163:, a personal name meaning "having the vigour of a bear", "vigorous like a bear". As such,
483:
380:
196:
181:
78:
7633:
4692:
Scriptores Rerum Germanicarum in Usum Scholarum Ex Monumentis Germaniae Historicus Recusi
4466:
1273:, an apparent leader of the Great Army, such an identification is nevertheless uncertain.
1261:
Another possibility is that the notice of English captives refers to prisoners seized in
7871:
A Biographical Dictionary of Dark Age Britain: England, Scotland and Wales, c.500âc.1050
6965:
Laois, History & Society: Interdisciplinary Essays on the History of an Irish County
6654:
6000:
Downham, C (2013). "Annals, Armies, and Artistry: 'The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle', 865â96".
5029:
8145:
6268:
5067:
5047:
4594:
428:
424:
351:
347:
157:
149:
6395:
6354:
5863:
4731:
4711:
4666:
4646:
8375:
7938:
7737:
7732:
7686:
7624:
7399:
7234:. Vol. 1. Durham: Centre for Medieval and Renaissance Studies. pp. 681â688.
7036:
7017:
6942:
The Scandinavian Trade Network in the Early Viking Age: Kaupang and Dublin in Context
6574:
6492:
6483:
6429:
5376:
5260:
5209:
5160:
5091:
5007:
4971:
4887:
4530:
7320:
7117:
7100:
6582:
6569:
6549:
4895:
7180:
Migration and Acculturation: The Impact of the Norse on Eastern England, c. 865â900
6982:
6609:
6298:
6204:
5532:
5427:
Broun, D (2004b). "The Welsh Identity of the Kingdom of Strathclyde c.900âc.1200".
5384:
5297:
4945:
1148:
7432:Ă CorrĂĄin, D (1998b). "The Vikings in Scotland and Ireland in the Ninth Century".
6459:
5777:
5632:
5419:
5252:
4698:: Scriptores Rerum Germanicarum in Usum Scholarum Separatim Editi. Hanover: Hahn.
7224:
4917:
4542:
7892:. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
7220:
7193:
5266:
A Welsh Classical Dictionary: People in History and Legend up to About A.D. 1000
4950:
4768:
Annales Cambriae: The B Text From London, National Archives, MS E164/1, pp. 2â26
4754:
Annales Cambriae: The A Text From British Library, Harley MS 3859, ff. 190râ193r
566:
523:
504:
329:
that saddles Dumbarton Rock, thereby denying the Britons access to fresh water.
326:
5762:
4489:
3543:
chs. genealogical tables, introduction ¶ 12, 2 ¶ 35â36, 4 ¶ 44, 8 ¶ 23, 9 ¶ 4;
379:
as it appears on folio 25r Oxford Bodleian Library Rawlinson B 489. The Viking
8340:
7600:
7367:
7286:
6329:
5747:
5466:
Scottish Independence and the Idea of Britain: From the Picts to Alexander III
5440:
5404:
5237:
5127:
5109:
4901:
4851:
1152:
400:
7987:
7979:
7814:
7806:
7769:
7702:
7694:
7616:
7608:
7577:
7461:
7453:
7424:
7383:
7375:
7312:
7294:
7212:
7169:
7091:
7083:
7054:
6932:
6924:
6832:
6784:
6776:
6699:
6691:
6520:
6512:
6475:
6467:
6421:
6386:
6378:
6345:
6337:
6247:
6122:
6114:
6106:
6023:
5960:
5910:
5879:
5871:
5817:
5809:
5653:
5623:
5456:
5448:
5389:
5360:
5352:
5313:
5305:
5222:
5201:
5193:
5185:
5143:
5135:
4867:
4859:
4828:
4703:
4522:
553:
attributes four victories to CausantĂn, with the fourth described as that of
8106:
7920:
7752:
7654:
Sawyer, P (2001) . "The Age of the Vikings and Before". In Sawyer, P (ed.).
7075:
7014:
Alfred the Great: Asser's Life of King Alfred and Other Contemporary Sources
5945:. Studies in Celtic History. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. pp. 66â90.
5801:
5101:
5017:
4981:
4963:
4499:
1290:
1136:
1124:
368:. It is possible that Arthgal and his family were amongst those imprisoned.
7785:
Wadden, P (2016). "DĂĄl Riata c. 1000: Genealogies and Irish Sea Politics".
7646:
6600:
6257:"In Search of the Northern Britons in the Early Historic Era (AD 400â1100)"
6136:
Scottish Power Centres: From the Early Middle Ages to the Twentieth Century
5329:
Brooks, NP (1979). "England in the Ninth Century: The Crucible of Defeat".
5039:
4909:
4807:
Prophecy of BerchĂĄn: Irish and Scottish High-Kings of the Early Middle Ages
4480:
7997:
7798:
7408:
6370:
6044:
7445:
6916:
6768:
6753:
Holm, P (1986). "The Slave Trade of Dublin, Ninth to Twelfth Centuries".
5540:
1199:. The attack is the first notice of the fortress since the report by the
228:
126:
7777:
7585:
Pelteret, D (1980). "Slave Raiding and Slave Trading in Early England".
7523:. Routledge Worlds. Milton Park, Abingdon: Routledge. pp. 428â433.
7391:
6683:
6528:
6184:. Oxford Companions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 274â275.
5889:
Celtic-Norse Relationships in the Irish Sea in the Middle Ages, 800â1200
4875:
8245:
7947:
A Companion to the Early Middle Ages: Britain and Ireland, c.500âc.1100
6954:
6755:
6713:
A Companion to the Early Middle Ages: Britain and Ireland, c.500âc.1100
6413:
5368:
5165:"A multi-disciplinary chronology for Alt Clut, Castle Roack, Dumbarton"
562:
512:
420:
408:
296:
272:
166:
145:
141:
7500:. Vol. 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 43â63.
7241:
Studies in Ragnars Saga LoĂ°brĂłkar and its Major Scandinavian Analogues
5970:
Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ăvarr to A.D. 1014
5932:
5321:
4774:(September 2015 ed.) – via Welsh Chronicles Research Group.
7303:
6744:
5489:
Pictish Sourcebook: Documents of Medieval Legend and Dark Age History
4946:"The Annales CambriĂŠ and Old-Welsh Genealogies From Harleian MS 3859"
4760:(November 2015 ed.) – via Welsh Chronicles Research Group.
1297:
1296:. Although this term (and variants of this term) certainly refers to
412:
7260:
Proceedings of the Seventh Viking Congress: Dublin 15â21 August 1973
6261:
Essays on the Local History and Archaeology of West Central Scotland
5491:. Documentary Reference Collections. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
5344:
5279:
121:, may have reigned when the Britons are recorded to have burned the
6668:
Guy, B (2016). "The Textual History of the Harleian Genealogies".
6256:
6231:
6062:
527:
517:
508:
492:
443:
370:
355:
254:
195:
162:
153:
6656:
Contextualizing the Vikings in Anglo-Saxon History and Literature
6200:
6131:
6090:
4547:. Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ăvi Scriptores. Vol. 2. London:
358:. The exportation of these people to Ireland is also attested by
8044:
7909:
Reading the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: Language, Literature, History
5581:. Vol. 5. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. pp. 1818â1821.
5531:(2006a). "CusantĂn mac Cinaeda (Constantine I of Scotland)". In
416:
57:
8249:
8071:
7118:"St Columba and his lay Contemporaries in Scotland and Ireland"
7042:
The Heroic Age: A Journal of Early Medieval Northwestern Europe
6536:
Foley, A (2017). "Strathclyde". In Echard, S; Rouse, R (eds.).
5280:"The Beginning of the Year in the Alfredian Chronicle (866â87)"
3531:
chs. genealogical tables, 1 ¶ 23, 1 n. 56, 2 ¶¶ 21â22, 3 ¶ 19;
1212:
The fall of Alt Clut may have been the subject of a particular
1171:
can be taken to mean "one who is fierce or valorous as a bear".
6091:"Church Archaeology in Glasgow and the Kingdom of Strathclyde"
6074:. Vol. 3. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. pp. 839â841.
5788:(1981). "The Scottish Chronicle in the Poppleton Manuscript".
5562:. Vol. 2. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. pp. 704â705.
5558:
Clancy, TO (2006b). "Eochaid son of Rhun". In Koch, JT (ed.).
1269:. Whilst there is reason to suspect that Ămar is identical to
7515:Ă CorrĂĄin, D (2008). "The Vikings and Ireland". In Brink, S;
4809:. Contributions to the Study of World History. Westport, CT:
1353:
1288:
1214:
398:
7911:. Studies in the Early Middle Ages. Vol. 23. Turnhout:
6796:. The Peoples of Europe. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
5995:. Vol. 11. Dublin: Four Courts Press. pp. 185â201.
522:
An eighteenth-century engraving of the southern bank of the
6002:
No Horns on Their Helmets? Essays on the Insular Viking-Age
5920:
Submission and Imperium in the Early Medieval Insular World
132:
In 870, the seat of Arthgal's realmâthe island fortress of
7964:
Zimmer, S (2009). "The Name of Arthur â A New Etymology".
7673:
Sheehan, J (2008). "The Longphort in Viking Age Ireland".
7409:"The Vikings in Scotland and Ireland in the Ninth Century"
4718:(5 September 2008 ed.). University College Cork. 2008
4468:
Scottish Annals From English Chroniclers, A.D. 500 to 1286
6903:
Jaski, B (1995). "The Vikings and the Kingship of Tara".
6638:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. pp. 65â93.
5513:. The History of Wales. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
231:, a Pictish ecclesiastical centre seated on the southern
113:. He descended from a long line of rulers of the British
7743:. The Oxford History of England (2nd ed.). Oxford:
7137:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. pp. 1â19.
5686:
The Makers of Scotland: Picts, Romans, Gaels and Vikings
5074:(6 January 2017 ed.). University College Cork. 2017
5054:(29 August 2008 ed.). University College Cork. 2008
3707:
pp. 52, 55, 169 genealogy 2, 173 genealogy 6, 174 n. 3;
1165:
1117:
6715:. Blackwell Companions to British History. Chichester:
6211:. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland Monograph Series.
5663:
The Men of the North: The Britons and Southern Scotland
4738:(21 March 2010 ed.). University College Cork. 2010
4653:(24 March 2010 ed.). University College Cork. 2010
1351:
Over time, the fortress came to be known in Gaelic as *
6355:"The Emergence and Transformation of Medieval Cumbria"
5577:
Clancy, TO (2006c). "Ystrad Clud". In Koch, JT (ed.).
1313:
Arthgal's death is also reported by the reconstructed
214:. The genealogy specifies that Arthgal was the son of
148:, who are recorded to have transported a vast prey of
5173:
Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
4781:
Caledonian Craftmanship: The Scottish Latin Tradition
4673:(14 May 2012 ed.). University College Cork. 2012
1364:
431:
may well be evidence against this. The fact that the
7158:
Limina: A Journal of Historical and Cultural Studies
6967:. Dublin: Geography Publications. pp. 123â159.
6878:
History, Literature, and Music in Scotland, 700â1560
6201:"Govan: An Early Medieval Royal Centre on the Clyde"
8169:
8113:
6993:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 48â82.
6275:. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. pp. 107â115.
5093:
Brut y Tywysigion; or, The Chronicle of the Princes
4491:
Early Sources of Scottish History, A.D. 500 to 1286
419:, the fact that there are no waterways or suitable
309:, and the thirteenth- and fourteenth-century texts
235:border. This attack took place during the reign of
96:
88:
84:
74:
64:
53:
46:
23:
7854:Proceedings of the Suffolk Institute of ArchĂŠology
7736:
7658:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 1â18.
6707:Hadley, D (2009). "Viking Raids and Conquest". In
6568:
6538:The Encyclopedia of Medieval Literature in Britain
6180:Driscoll, ST (2001b). "Govan". In Lynch, M (ed.).
5746:
5728:Strathclyde and the Anglo-Saxons in the Viking Age
5388:
5221:
4973:The Text of the Bruts From the Red Book of Hergest
4595:"Book of Leinster, Formerly Lebar na NĂșachongbĂĄla"
1325:who appears to have been killed at instigation of
1156:
1141:
7194:"Place-Names and the Medieval Church in Menteith"
6985:(2001) . "The Vikings in England, c.790â106". In
6134:. In Foster, S; Macinnes, A; MacInnes, R (eds.).
1193:The attack is also reported by the reconstructed
7135:Medieval Scotland: Crown, Lordship and Community
6297:. The Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh:
6165:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 180.
6070:Driscoll, S (2006). "Govan". In Koch, JT (ed.).
5829:. Scotland in the Early Middle Ages. Leicester:
4507:Anderson, AO (1930). "The Prophecy of Berchan".
7354:(1979). "High-Kings, Vikings and Other Kings".
7230:. In McKinnell, J; Ashurst, D; Kick, D (eds.).
7101:"Early Christian Govan: The Historical Context"
1129:
200:Locations relating to Arthgal's life and times.
7846:"Fact and Fiction in the Legend of St. Edmund"
7122:Records of the Scottish Church History Society
7105:Records of the Scottish Church History Society
4627:. Translated Texts for Historians. Liverpool:
144:. After four months, the fortress fell to the
8261:
8083:
7656:The Oxford Illustrated History of the Vikings
6991:The Oxford Illustrated History of the Vikings
6396:"The Expansion of the Kingdom of Strathclyde"
6271:(1999) . "Coroticus". In Dumville, DN (ed.).
4836:Hudson, BT (1998). "The Scottish Chronicle".
1286:specifically states that AmlaĂb travelled to
1224:âthat is mentioned by the thirteenth-century
8:
7826:(EPUB). Brimscombe Port: The History Press.
7762:Proceedings of the Harvard Celtic Colloquium
6581:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp.
5757:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
5633:"The Etymologies of Pluscarden and Stirling"
5399:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
5332:Transactions of the Royal Historical Society
5232:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
279:In 870, the fifteenth- to sixteenth-century
221:In about 849, the ninth- to twelfth-century
7715:Warlords and Holy Men: Scotland, AD 80â1000
1876:
1874:
555:
460:
291:reveal that the insular Scandinavian kings
8268:
8254:
8246:
8090:
8076:
8068:
8007:
7225:"Kings and Kingship in Viking Northumbria"
5112:(1998). "Pictish Matriliny Reconsidered".
5012:. Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House.
4994:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1203:that Alt Clut was burned on 1 January 780.
594:
585:
478:reveal that he was slain at the behest of
375:The name and title of Arthgal's adversary
29:
20:
7941:(2009). "Britain and Ireland, c.500". In
7717:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
7469:Ă CorrĂĄin, D (2001b). Larsen, A-C (ed.).
7302:
6953:
6743:
6616:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
6072:Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia
5931:
5604:. Studies in Celtic History. Woodbridge:
5579:Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia
5560:Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia
5537:Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia
4436:
4434:
4432:
4430:
4428:
3771:
3769:
2901:
2899:
6182:The Oxford Companion to Scottish History
6159:The Oxford Companion to Scottish History
4688:"Annales Xantenses et Annales Vedastini"
4494:. Vol. 1. London: Oliver and Boyd.
1757:
1755:
1753:
480:CausantĂn mac CinĂĄeda, King of the Picts
332:The following year, the twelfth-century
267:before it was captured and destroyed by
210:, Arthgal descended from a long line of
178:CausantĂn mac CinĂĄeda, King of the Picts
7559:"Nationality Names in the Irish Annals"
6738:(PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh.
6209:The Stone of Destiny: Artefact and Icon
5754:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
5396:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
5229:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
5034:. Vol. 3, pt. 2. London: Seeleys.
1392:
1302:Scandinavian-dominated part of Scotland
1080:
7413:Chronicon: An Electric History Journal
6860:
6850:
6153:Driscoll, ST (2001a). "Dumbarton". In
4987:
4925:
4578:
4561:Early Manuscripts at Oxford University
4196:Ewart; Pringle; Caldwell et al. (2004)
4052:Ewart; Pringle; Caldwell et al. (2004)
4000:Ewart; Pringle; Caldwell et al. (2004)
1023:
930:
826:
822:
810:
714:
607:
603:
599:
216:Dyfnwal ap Rhydderch, King of Alt Clut
119:Dyfnwal ap Rhydderch, King of Alt Clut
7824:Lords of Alba: The Making of Scotland
1370:), meaning "the fort of the Britons".
1020:
1010:
998:
988:
984:
972:
970:
960:
948:
938:
934:
918:
916:
906:
894:
884:
880:
868:
866:
856:
844:
834:
830:
804:
794:
782:
772:
768:
756:
754:
744:
732:
722:
718:
702:
696:
686:
674:
664:
660:
648:
642:
632:
615:
611:
7:
7264:Viking Society for Northern Research
7201:The Journal of Scottish Name Studies
5711:(EPUB). Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited.
5641:The Journal of Scottish Name Studies
5600:; Davies, JR; Williamson, E (eds.).
4510:Zeitschrift fĂŒr celtische Philologie
4366:pp. 43 § 128, 84â85 § 128, 203â204;
237:CinĂĄed mac AilpĂn, King of the Picts
6491:Ewart, G; Pringle, D; Caldwell, D;
6295:Scotland: The Making of the Kingdom
4557:"Bodleian Library MS. Rawl. B. 489"
1317:. His recorded fate echoes that of
1182:Dyfnwal ap Tewdwr, King of Alt Clut
301:succeeded in capturing the fortress
7498:The New Cambridge Medieval History
7330:The Kings & Queens of Scotland
6213:Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
6207:; Clancy, TO; Welander, R (eds.).
5539:. Vol. 2. Santa Barbara, CA:
561:âa location possibly identical to
136:âwas besieged by the Viking kings
14:
8114:Legendary and semi-historic kings
7538:Ă CorrĂĄin, D; Maguire, F (1981).
6817:. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
5943:Saints' Cults in the Celtic World
5864:10.1034/j.1600-0390.2000.d01-10.x
5602:Saints' Cults in the Celtic World
4897:The Myvyrian Archaiology of Wales
2813:Bodleian Library MS. Rawl. B. 489
2538:pp. 22â23, 66â67, 142, 240, 259;
1415:Bodleian Library MS. Rawl. B. 489
7996:
7687:10.1111/j.1600-0390.2008.00120.x
5730:(EPUB). Edinburgh: John Donald.
5031:The Church Historians of England
1667:chs. genealogical tables, 2, 8;
1021:1. Arthgal ap Dyfnwal (died 872)
8361:Uncertain kings are italicised.
7890:From Pictland to Alba, 789â1070
7869:; Smyth, AP; Kirby, DP (1991).
7632:Renwick, R; Lindsay, J (1921).
7185:University of Western Australia
6550:10.1002/9781118396957.wbemlb665
6501:Scottish Archaeological Journal
5511:Wales and the Britons, 350â1064
4765:Gough-Cooper, HW, ed. (2015b).
4751:Gough-Cooper, HW, ed. (2015a).
4732:"Fragmentary Annals of Ireland"
4712:"Fragmentary Annals of Ireland"
1151:)âis possibly derived from the
589:Ancestors of Arthgal ap Dyfnwal
534:following the fall of Alt Clut.
109:(died 872) was a ninth-century
6636:A Military History of Scotland
1883:p. 16 § a320.2, p. 16 n. 102;
224:Chronicle of the Kings of Alba
218:, an otherwise unknown ruler.
1:
8382:9th-century Scottish monarchs
7967:Journal of Celtic Linguistics
6460:10.1080/03044181.2015.1030438
5271:The National Library of Wales
4696:Monumenta Germaniae Historica
4603:(14 February 2012 ed.).
3577:Williams; Smyth; Kirby (1991)
3162:Fragmentary Annals of Ireland
3155:Fragmentary Annals of Ireland
2628:Fragmentary Annals of Ireland
2621:Fragmentary Annals of Ireland
2511:pp. 123â124, 171â172 n. 339;
2371:Fragmentary Annals of Ireland
2356:Fragmentary Annals of Ireland
2303:Jones; Williams; Pughe (1870)
2115:Fragmentary Annals of Ireland
2108:Fragmentary Annals of Ireland
1689:Williams; Smyth; Kirby (1991)
1659:chs. genealogical tables, 1;
1457:Williams; Smyth; Kirby (1991)
1284:Fragmentary Annals of Ireland
433:Fragmentary Annals of Ireland
344:Fragmentary Annals of Ireland
323:Fragmentary Annals of Ireland
288:Fragmentary Annals of Ireland
7640:Maclehose, Jackson & Co.
7557:Ă Murchadha, D (1992â1993).
6273:Saint Patrick, A.D. 493â1993
5778:UK public library membership
5420:UK public library membership
5298:10.1093/ehr/XXXIII.CXXXI.328
5253:UK public library membership
4544:Symeonis Monachi Opera Omnia
3575:pp. 159â160, 160â161 n. 61;
2918:Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005)
2742:Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005)
2714:Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005)
2638:Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005)
2366:Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005)
2125:Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005)
2019:Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005)
299:laid siege to Alt Clut, and
227:reports that Britons burned
7035:Lathe, R; Smith, D (2015).
6882:University of Toronto Press
6570:"Origins: Scotland to 1100"
6447:Journal of Medieval History
6232:"The Govan Stones Revealed"
391:("king of the Foreigners").
285:, and the eleventh-century
117:. Either he or his father,
8408:
7787:Scottish Historical Review
6359:Scottish Historical Review
6037:Cambridge University Press
5831:Leicester University Press
5470:Edinburgh University Press
5072:Corpus of Electronic Texts
5052:Corpus of Electronic Texts
4839:Scottish Historical Review
4736:Corpus of Electronic Texts
4716:Corpus of Electronic Texts
4671:Corpus of Electronic Texts
4651:Corpus of Electronic Texts
4629:Liverpool University Press
4600:Corpus of Electronic Texts
4488:Anderson, AO, ed. (1922).
2013:pp. 66â67, 142, 240, 258;
1719:chs. genealogical tables;
924:
824:
816:
708:
605:
601:
169:, and became known as the
8356:
8283:
8049:
8037:
8029:
8024:
8010:
7601:10.1017/S0263675100001125
7542:. Dublin: Academy Press.
7368:10.1017/S002112140011315X
7287:10.1017/S0003581500001372
6330:10.3366/inr.1998.49.2.127
5441:10.3366/inr.2004.55.2.111
5285:English Historical Review
5128:10.3366/inr.1998.49.2.147
4852:10.3366/shr.1998.77.2.129
4686:De Simon, B, ed. (1909).
1723:ch. genealogical tables;
1641:Ă CorrĂĄin; Maguire (1981)
1004:
986:
978:
954:
936:
932:
900:
882:
874:
850:
832:
828:
788:
770:
762:
738:
720:
716:
680:
662:
654:
626:
609:
470:Arthgal died in 872. The
462:Constantinus filius Kinet
28:
7638:. Vol. 1. Glasgow:
7356:Irish Historical Studies
6876:. In McDonald, R (ed.).
6814:Kings of Celtic Scotland
6671:The Welsh History Review
6107:10.3366/inr.1998.49.2.95
5390:"Constantine I (d. 876)"
5186:10.9750/PSAS.107.103.113
4625:The Chronicle of Ireland
4523:10.1515/zcph.1930.18.1.1
4443:ch. genealogical tables.
4419:
4355:
4319:
4279:
4223:
4219:
4179:
4175:
4171:
4139:
4115:
4099:
4095:
4091:
4047:
4043:
4039:
4003:
3991:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3954:chs. 1 ¶ 23, 3 ¶ 11â12;
3887:
3867:
3859:
3827:
3807:
3795:
3728:
3724:
3664:
3656:
3652:
3540:
3536:
3446:
3400:
3380:
3376:
3345:
3278:
3085:
3081:
3017:
3013:
3005:
2941:
2826:
2777:
2769:
2765:
2745:
2701:
2661:
2615:
2512:
2500:
2473:
2419:
2403:pp. 207â208, 208 n. 69;
2350:
2323:Williams Ab Ithel (1860)
2266:
2238:
2230:
2198:
2148:
2140:
2102:
2094:
2050:
1991:
1979:
1975:
1829:
1825:
1793:
1781:
1720:
1664:
1588:
1576:
1520:
1516:
1508:
1504:
1468:
1444:
1319:CathalĂĄn mac Indrechtaig
8392:Monarchs of Strathclyde
7921:10.1484/M.SEM-EB.3.4457
7274:The Antiquaries Journal
7076:10.3366/inr.1986.37.1.3
5924:University of Edinburgh
5802:10.3366/inr.1981.32.1.3
4605:University College Cork
4440:
4407:
4395:
4391:
4379:
4375:
4371:
4367:
4363:
4359:
4351:
4347:
4335:
4331:
4327:
4323:
4315:
4303:
4291:
4275:
4271:
4267:
4255:
4251:
4239:
4235:
4231:
4227:
4215:
4211:
4199:
4195:
4191:
4187:
4183:
4167:
4163:
4159:
4147:
4143:
4135:
4123:
4119:
4111:
4087:
4075:
4063:
4051:
4035:
4031:
4019:
4015:
4011:
4007:
3999:
3995:
3987:
3983:
3979:
3975:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3931:
3927:
3918:pp. 168â169, 185 n. 10.
3915:
3903:
3899:
3875:
3871:
3863:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3816:Renwick; Lindsay (1921)
3815:
3811:
3791:
3787:
3775:
3760:
3756:
3744:
3740:
3715:pp. 64 tab. 2, 215â216.
3712:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3696:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3680:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3660:
3648:
3644:
3632:
3620:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3596:
3592:
3588:
3584:
3580:
3576:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3548:
3544:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3512:
3500:
3493:
3486:
3474:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3450:
3439:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3408:
3404:
3401:Ă Murchadha (1992â1993)
3396:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3353:
3349:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3310:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3160:
3153:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3009:
2993:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2929:
2917:
2905:
2890:
2886:
2874:
2862:
2858:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2811:
2804:
2797:
2785:
2781:
2773:
2761:
2749:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2713:
2697:
2693:
2681:
2677:
2665:
2662:Ă Murchadha (1992â1993)
2657:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2626:
2619:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2508:
2504:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2477:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2442:
2435:
2431:
2415:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2354:
2346:
2334:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2274:
2270:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2234:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2202:
2191:
2187:
2180:
2168:
2164:
2152:
2144:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2113:
2106:
2098:
2090:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1987:
1983:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1948:
1944:
1932:
1920:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1821:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1789:
1785:
1777:
1773:
1761:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1716:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1640:
1628:
1616:
1604:
1592:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1512:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1476:
1472:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1413:
1406:
1399:
1354:
1289:
1215:
1166:
1158:
1142:
1130:
1118:
399:
125:ecclesiastical site of
8059:as King of Strathclyde
7475:The Viking Ship Museum
7471:The Vikings in Ireland
7407:Ă CorrĂĄin, D (1998a).
7116:Macquarrie, A (1994).
7099:Macquarrie, A (1990).
6612:; Pedersen, F (2005).
6130:Driscoll, ST (1998b).
6089:Driscoll, ST (1998a).
6006:University of Aberdeen
5974:Dunedin Academic Press
5825:Crawford, BE (1997) .
5763:10.1093/ref:odnb/49261
5745:Costambeys, M (2004).
5707:Clarkson, T (2012b) .
5684:Clarkson, T (2012a) .
5068:"The Annals of Ulster"
5048:"The Annals of Ulster"
4565:Oxford Digital Library
4232:Charles-Edwards (2006)
4224:Charles-Edwards (2013)
3960:Charles-Edwards (2013)
3553:Charles-Edwards (2006)
3537:Charles-Edwards (2013)
3475:Charles-Edwards (2006)
3098:Keynes; Lapidge (2004)
3042:Keynes; Lapidge (2004)
2827:Charles-Edwards (2013)
2682:Charles-Edwards (2006)
2231:Charles-Edwards (2013)
2169:Charles-Edwards (2006)
1976:Charles-Edwards (2013)
1577:Charles-Edwards (2013)
1469:Charles-Edwards (2013)
1365:
556:
541:Kingdom of Strathclyde
535:
532:Kingdom of Strathclyde
499:
467:
461:
392:
276:
201:
171:Kingdom of Strathclyde
8005:at Wikimedia Commons
7799:10.3366/shr.2016.0294
7540:Gaelic Personal Names
6940:Jorgensen, T (2017).
6542:John Wiley & Sons
6401:Early Medieval Europe
6371:10.3366/shr.2014.0216
6255:Driscoll, ST (2015).
6230:Driscoll, ST (2014).
6199:Driscoll, ST (2003).
6045:10.1017/9781139381598
5918:Davidson, MR (2002).
5827:Scandinavian Scotland
5405:10.1093/ref:odnb/6114
5238:10.1093/ref:odnb/7795
4350:ch. 3 ¶ 21, 3 n. 21;
4318:ch. 3 ¶ 21, 3 n. 21;
4114:chs. 2 ¶ 50, 3 ¶ 13;
3328:ch. 3 ¶ 11, 3 n. 10;
3245:ch. 3 ¶ 11, 3 n. 10;
1109:Arthgal map Dumnagual
521:
496:
450:CausantĂn mac CinĂĄeda
447:
374:
258:
199:
8277:Kings of Strathclyde
8033:Dyfnwal ap Rhydderch
7915:. pp. 221â239.
7822:Walker, IW (2013) .
7446:10.1484/j.peri.3.334
6917:10.1484/J.Peri.3.254
6769:10.1484/J.Peri.3.139
6719:. pp. 195â211.
6717:Blackwell Publishing
5726:Clarkson, T (2014).
5709:The Picts: A History
5661:Clarkson, T (2010).
5487:Calise, JMP (2002).
5278:Beaven, MLR (1918).
5223:"Kenneth I (d. 858)"
5088:Williams Ab Ithel, J
4932:: CS1 maint: year (
4667:"Chronicon Scotorum"
4647:"Chronicon Scotorum"
4585:: CS1 maint: year (
4306:chs. 1 ¶ 23, 3 ¶ 18.
4148:Driscoll, ST (1998a)
4144:Driscoll, ST (2001b)
4124:Driscoll, ST (1998a)
4120:Driscoll, ST (2001b)
4078:chs. 2 ¶ 30, 3 ¶ 13.
4066:chs. 2 ¶ 50, 3 ¶ 12.
4020:Driscoll, ST (1998a)
4016:Driscoll, ST (2001b)
4012:Driscoll, ST (2001a)
3932:Driscoll, ST (1998b)
3872:Driscoll, ST (2001a)
3812:Driscoll, ST (1998a)
3495:The Annals of Ulster
3488:The Annals of Ulster
3355:The Annals of Ulster
3312:The Annals of Ulster
3144:pp. 125, 126 fig. 1.
2806:The Annals of Ulster
2799:The Annals of Ulster
2564:Driscoll, ST (1998a)
2526:The Annals of Ulster
2479:The Annals of Ulster
2237:pp. 171â172 n. 339;
2219:Gough-Cooper (2015b)
2215:Gough-Cooper (2015a)
2193:The Annals of Ulster
2182:The Annals of Ulster
2035:Driscoll, ST (1998a)
2005:The Annals of Ulster
1960:Gough-Cooper (2015b)
1956:Gough-Cooper (2015a)
1950:The Annals of Ulster
1885:Gough-Cooper (2015b)
1881:Gough-Cooper (2015a)
1408:The Annals of Ulster
1401:The Annals of Ulster
1329:, a claimant to the
1321:, a contemporaneous
1315:Chronicle of Ireland
1241:Chronicle of Ireland
1222:Argain Sratha Cluada
1196:Chronicle of Ireland
807:Dyfnwal ap Rhydderch
455:Poppleton manuscript
440:Death and succession
312:Brenhinedd y Saesson
207:Harleian genealogies
100:Dyfnwal ap Rhydderch
69:Dyfnwal ap Rhydderch
8012:Arthgal ap Dyfnwal
7745:The Clarendon Press
7739:Anglo-Saxon England
7588:Anglo-Saxon England
7332:. Brimscombe Port:
7239:McTurk, R (2015) .
7192:McNiven, P (2014).
7177:McLeod, SH (2011).
6874:"The Scottish Gaze"
6872:Hudson, BT (2002).
6811:Hudson, BT (1994).
6684:10.16922/whr.28.1.1
6579:Scotland: A History
6567:Forsyth, K (2005).
6507:(1â2): iâx, 1â166.
6394:Edmonds, F (2015).
6353:Edmonds, F (2014).
6031:Downham, C (2018).
5968:Downham, C (2007).
5688:(EPUB). Edinburgh:
5665:(EPUB). Edinburgh:
5631:Clancy, TO (2017).
5507:Charles-Edwards, TM
4779:Howlett, D (2000).
4376:Anderson, AO (1922)
4372:Anderson, AO (1930)
4160:Driscoll, ST (2015)
4116:Driscoll, ST (2003)
4100:Driscoll, ST (2003)
4032:Driscoll, ST (2015)
4004:Driscoll, ST (2003)
3948:Driscoll, ST (2015)
3868:Driscoll, ST (2003)
3828:Driscoll, ST (2014)
3677:Anderson, MO (2004)
3589:Anderson, AO (1922)
3451:Anderson, AO (1922)
3409:Anderson, AO (1922)
2700:p. 321, 321 n. 11;
2666:Anderson, AO (1922)
2636:pp. 142, 240, 259;
2600:Anderson, AO (1922)
2590:p. 106, 106 n. 64;
2586:p. 321, 321 n. 10;
2462:Anderson, AO (1922)
2389:Anderson, AO (1922)
2299:Anderson, AO (1922)
2275:Anderson, AO (1922)
2223:Lathe; Smith (2015)
2153:Anderson, AO (1922)
2075:Anderson, AO (1922)
2031:Valante (1998â1999)
1901:Anderson, AO (1908)
1897:Anderson, AO (1922)
1842:Anderson, MO (2004)
1806:Anderson, AO (1922)
1796:p. 126, 128 n. 75;
1737:Anderson, AO (1922)
1697:Anderson, AO (1922)
1331:Irish high-kingship
1263:Anglo-Saxon England
1113:Arthgal map Dyfnwal
550:Prophecy of BerchĂĄn
507:to the vicinity of
366:Dublin slave market
265:Kingdom of Alt Clut
241:Kingdom of Alt Clut
186:King of Strathclyde
115:Kingdom of Alt Clut
8003:Arthgal ap Dyfnwal
7913:Brepols Publishers
7764:. 18â19: 242â258.
7675:Acta Archaeologica
7635:History of Glasgow
7477:. pp. 17â27.
7328:Oram, RD (2011) .
7266:. pp. 93â123.
7152:McLeod, S (2015).
6946:University of Oslo
6792:Hudson, B (2014).
6734:Hicks, DA (2003).
6661:Charles University
6437:Evans, NJ (2015).
6414:10.1111/emed.12087
6215:. pp. 77â83.
5895:. pp. 65â80.
5851:Acta Archaeologica
5608:. pp. 18â41.
4621:Charles-Edwards, T
4140:Driscoll, S (2006)
4096:Driscoll, S (2006)
3992:Driscoll, S (2006)
3808:Driscoll, S (2006)
3591:pp. clviiâclviii;
3441:Chronicon Scotorum
3434:Chronicon Scotorum
3399:pp. 52, 174 n. 1;
3190:pp. 15, 142, 240;
2642:Kelly; Maas (1999)
2596:Alcock (1975â1976)
2560:Kelly; Maas (1999)
2458:Kelly; Maas (1999)
2444:Chronicon Scotorum
2437:Chronicon Scotorum
2385:Alcock (1975â1976)
2319:RhĆ·s; Evans (1890)
2295:Alcock (1975â1976)
2271:Alcock (1975â1976)
2203:Alcock (1975â1976)
2071:Alcock (1975â1976)
1899:p. 243, 243 n. 5;
1739:pp. clviiâclviii;
1699:pp. clviiâclviii;
1105:Arthgal ap Dyfnwal
699:Rhydderch ab Owain
536:
500:
476:Chronicon Scotorum
468:
393:
383:were accorded the
335:Chronicon Scotorum
277:
202:
107:Arthgal ap Dyfnwal
24:Arthgal ap Dyfnwal
8369:
8368:
8243:
8242:
8099:Kings of Alt Clut
8066:
8065:
8062:
8050:Succeeded by
8001:Media related to
7956:978-1-405-10628-3
7930:978-2-503-52394-1
7899:978-0-7486-1233-8
7888:Woolf, A (2007).
7873:. London: Seaby.
7833:978-0-7524-9519-4
7530:978-0-203-41277-0
7507:978-0-521-36292-4
7343:978-0-7524-7099-3
7334:The History Press
7250:978-0-907570-08-0
7027:978-0-141-90942-4
6803:978-1-4051-8678-0
6726:978-1-405-10628-3
6653:Gigov, J (2011).
6645:978-0-7486-3204-6
6623:978-0-521-82992-2
6282:978-0-85115-733-7
6163:Oxford Companions
6054:978-1-107-03131-9
6015:978-0-9557720-1-6
6008:. pp. 9â37.
5983:978-1-903765-89-0
5952:978-1-84383-432-8
5902:978-90-04-25512-8
5776:(Subscription or
5737:978-1-907909-25-2
5718:978-1-907909-03-0
5699:978-1-907909-01-6
5676:978-1-907909-02-3
5615:978-1-84383-432-8
5606:The Boydell Press
5520:978-0-19-821731-2
5479:978-0-7486-2360-0
5464:Broun, D (2007).
5418:(Subscription or
5251:(Subscription or
5153:Secondary sources
4785:Four Courts Press
4638:978-0-85323-959-8
4549:Longmans & Co
4396:Hudson, BT (1996)
4392:Hudson, BT (2002)
4368:Hudson, BT (1994)
4364:Hudson, BT (1996)
4360:Hudson, BT (1998)
4352:Hudson, BT (2002)
4336:Hudson, BT (1994)
4332:Hudson, BT (1996)
4328:Hudson, BT (1998)
4324:Hudson, BT (2002)
4230:p. 73, 73 n. 36;
3900:Macquarrie (1998)
3848:Hudson, BT (1994)
3818:pp. 38â39 pl. 10.
3761:Macquarrie (1998)
3745:Hudson, BT (1994)
3709:Macquarrie (1990)
3705:Hudson, BT (1994)
3701:Hudson, BT (1996)
3697:Ă CorrĂĄin (1998b)
3693:Ă CorrĂĄin (1998a)
3689:Hudson, BT (1998)
3621:Macquarrie (1998)
3593:Phillimore (1888)
3585:Macquarrie (1986)
3581:Hudson, BT (1994)
3565:Ă CorrĂĄin (1998b)
3561:Ă CorrĂĄin (1998a)
3405:Macquarrie (1990)
3397:Hudson, BT (1994)
3393:Macquarrie (1998)
3385:Hudson, BT (2002)
3352:p. 73, 73 n. 36;
3301:pp. 52, 174 n. 1.
3299:Hudson, BT (1994)
3295:Ă CorrĂĄin (1998b)
3291:Ă CorrĂĄin (1998a)
3287:Macquarrie (1998)
3196:Ă CorrĂĄin (1998b)
3192:Ă CorrĂĄin (1998a)
3176:Ă CorrĂĄin (1998b)
3172:Ă CorrĂĄin (1998a)
3114:McTurk, RW (1976)
3090:McLeod, SH (2011)
3064:pp. 93, 117â119;
3062:McTurk, RW (1976)
3038:Costambeys (2004)
3026:McLeod, SH (2011)
3016:p. 16, 16 n. 33;
2994:McLeod, SH (2011)
2982:Ă CorrĂĄin (2001b)
2970:McLeod, SH (2011)
2958:Hudson, BT (1994)
2950:McLeod, SH (2011)
2891:Macquarrie (1998)
2863:McLeod, SH (2011)
2839:McLeod, SH (2011)
2786:Macquarrie (1990)
2782:Macquarrie (1998)
2730:McLeod, SH (2011)
2658:Hudson, BT (1994)
2654:Ă CorrĂĄin (1998b)
2650:Ă CorrĂĄin (1998a)
2646:Macquarrie (1998)
2576:Ă CorrĂĄin (1998b)
2572:Ă CorrĂĄin (1998a)
2568:Macquarrie (1998)
2552:Hudson, BT (2002)
2544:Costambeys (2004)
2509:McLeod, SH (2011)
2503:p. 17, 17 n. 38;
2420:Macquarrie (1994)
2416:Hudson, BT (1994)
2381:Hudson, BT (1994)
2377:Macquarrie (1998)
2263:Ă CorrĂĄin (1998b)
2259:Ă CorrĂĄin (1998a)
2255:Macquarrie (1998)
2245:p. 73, 73 n. 35;
2235:McLeod, SH (2011)
2145:Hudson, BT (1994)
2137:Ă CorrĂĄin (1998b)
2133:Ă CorrĂĄin (1998a)
2129:Macquarrie (1998)
2067:McTurk, RW (1976)
2047:Ă CorrĂĄin (1998b)
2043:Ă CorrĂĄin (1998a)
2039:Macquarrie (1998)
2023:Costambeys (2004)
1998:p. 73, 73 n. 35;
1988:McLeod, SH (2011)
1893:Macquarrie (1990)
1866:Macquarrie (1990)
1862:Hudson, BT (1994)
1858:Macquarrie (1998)
1846:Macquarrie (1998)
1802:Hudson, BT (1998)
1798:Macquarrie (1998)
1762:Macquarrie (1998)
1741:Phillimore (1888)
1733:Macquarrie (1998)
1701:Phillimore (1888)
1693:Macquarrie (1990)
1681:Macquarrie (1998)
1617:Macquarrie (1990)
1565:Hudson, BT (1994)
1561:Macquarrie (1998)
1557:Hudson, BT (1998)
1553:Hudson, BT (2002)
1453:Ă CorrĂĄin (1998b)
1449:Ă CorrĂĄin (1998a)
1323:King of the Ulaid
1115:. Arthgal's nameâ
1101:Arthal ap Dyfnwal
1071:
1070:
1067:
1066:
618:Dyfnwal ap Tewdwr
361:Annales Xantenses
318:Brut y Tywysogyon
245:kings of Alt Clut
212:kings of Alt Clut
104:
103:
8399:
8362:
8270:
8263:
8256:
8247:
8146:Rhydderch I Hael
8092:
8085:
8078:
8069:
8056:
8040:King of Alt Clut
8030:Preceded by
8020:
8008:
8000:
7991:
7960:
7934:
7903:
7884:
7862:
7850:
7837:
7818:
7781:
7756:
7742:
7728:
7706:
7669:
7650:
7628:
7581:
7563:
7553:
7534:
7521:The Viking World
7511:
7488:
7465:
7428:
7403:
7347:
7324:
7306:
7267:
7254:
7235:
7229:
7216:
7198:
7188:
7173:
7148:
7129:
7112:
7095:
7064:The Innes Review
7058:
7031:
7016:(EPUB). London:
7012:, eds. (2004) .
7004:
6978:
6959:
6957:
6936:
6899:
6868:
6862:
6858:
6856:
6848:
6846:
6844:
6835:. Archived from
6807:
6788:
6749:
6747:
6730:
6703:
6664:
6649:
6627:
6604:
6572:
6563:
6532:
6487:
6443:
6433:
6390:
6349:
6318:The Innes Review
6312:
6286:
6264:
6251:
6236:History Scotland
6226:
6195:
6176:
6149:
6126:
6095:The Innes Review
6085:
6066:
6033:Medieval Ireland
6027:
5996:
5987:
5964:
5937:
5935:
5914:
5883:
5844:
5821:
5790:The Innes Review
5781:
5773:
5771:
5769:
5750:
5748:"Ăvarr (d. 873)"
5741:
5722:
5703:
5680:
5657:
5637:
5627:
5592:
5573:
5554:
5524:
5502:
5483:
5460:
5429:The Innes Review
5423:
5415:
5413:
5411:
5392:
5380:
5325:
5292:(131): 328â342.
5274:
5256:
5248:
5246:
5244:
5225:
5213:
5169:
5147:
5115:The Innes Review
5105:
5083:
5081:
5079:
5063:
5061:
5059:
5043:
5021:
4999:
4993:
4985:
4959:
4937:
4931:
4923:
4913:
4879:
4832:
4798:
4775:
4773:
4761:
4759:
4747:
4745:
4743:
4727:
4725:
4723:
4707:
4682:
4680:
4678:
4662:
4660:
4658:
4642:
4616:
4614:
4612:
4590:
4584:
4576:
4574:
4572:
4552:
4534:
4503:
4484:
4444:
4438:
4423:
4420:Clarkson (2012b)
4417:
4411:
4405:
4399:
4389:
4383:
4345:
4339:
4313:
4307:
4301:
4295:
4289:
4283:
4265:
4259:
4249:
4243:
4209:
4203:
4176:Clarkson (2012b)
4172:Clarkson (2012a)
4157:
4151:
4133:
4127:
4109:
4103:
4085:
4079:
4073:
4067:
4061:
4055:
4044:Clarkson (2012b)
4040:Clarkson (2012a)
4029:
4023:
3968:Clarkson (2012b)
3964:Clarkson (2012a)
3941:
3935:
3925:
3919:
3913:
3907:
3897:
3891:
3885:
3879:
3857:
3851:
3837:
3831:
3825:
3819:
3805:
3799:
3796:Clarkson (2012a)
3785:
3779:
3773:
3764:
3754:
3748:
3738:
3732:
3729:Clarkson (2012b)
3725:Clarkson (2012a)
3722:
3716:
3657:Clarkson (2012b)
3653:Clarkson (2012a)
3642:
3636:
3630:
3624:
3606:
3600:
3522:
3516:
3510:
3504:
3484:
3478:
3460:
3454:
3418:
3412:
3308:
3302:
3228:
3222:
3205:
3199:
3185:
3179:
3151:
3145:
3131:
3125:
3118:Whitelock (1969)
3110:Ă CorrĂĄin (1979)
3079:
3073:
3066:Whitelock (1969)
3058:Ă CorrĂĄin (1979)
3012:pp. 42, 46, 49;
3010:McTurk, R (2015)
3003:
2997:
2991:
2985:
2978:Ă CorrĂĄin (2006)
2974:Ă CorrĂĄin (2008)
2967:
2961:
2946:McLeod, S (2015)
2939:
2933:
2927:
2921:
2915:
2909:
2903:
2894:
2884:
2878:
2872:
2866:
2856:
2850:
2836:
2830:
2824:
2818:
2795:
2789:
2780:ch. 8 ¶¶ 20â21;
2770:Clarkson (2012b)
2766:Clarkson (2012a)
2759:
2753:
2723:
2717:
2711:
2705:
2691:
2685:
2675:
2669:
2613:
2607:
2592:Ă CorrĂĄin (1979)
2517:Ă CorrĂĄin (2008)
2497:Hudson, B (2014)
2489:McLeod, S (2015)
2471:
2465:
2429:
2423:
2414:§§ 24980â24985;
2410:Book of Leinster
2405:Hudson, B (2014)
2398:
2392:
2344:
2338:
2332:
2326:
2312:
2306:
2284:
2278:
2221:p. 38 § b897.1;
2217:p. 22 § a432.1;
2212:
2206:
2178:
2172:
2162:
2156:
2088:
2082:
2000:Ă CorrĂĄin (2008)
1972:Hudson, B (2014)
1964:McLeod, S (2015)
1945:Jorgensen (2017)
1942:
1936:
1930:
1924:
1918:
1912:
1909:Stevenson (1855)
1887:p. 33 § b789.2;
1878:
1869:
1855:
1849:
1826:Clarkson (2012a)
1819:
1813:
1771:
1765:
1759:
1748:
1714:
1708:
1650:
1644:
1638:
1632:
1626:
1620:
1614:
1608:
1602:
1596:
1586:
1580:
1574:
1568:
1509:Clarkson (2012b)
1505:Clarkson (2012a)
1497:Hudson, B (2014)
1486:
1480:
1466:
1460:
1426:
1420:
1397:
1381:
1377:
1371:
1368:
1357:
1349:
1343:
1340:
1334:
1311:
1305:
1294:
1280:
1274:
1259:
1253:
1250:
1244:
1237:
1231:
1227:Book of Leinster
1218:
1210:
1204:
1201:Annals of Ulster
1191:
1185:
1178:
1172:
1169:
1161:
1145:
1133:
1121:
1085:
645:Owain ap Dyfnwal
595:
586:
559:
472:Annals of Ulster
464:
423:that bridge the
404:
340:Annals of Ulster
282:Annals of Ulster
259:The fortress of
251:King of Alt Clut
111:king of Alt Clut
48:King of Alt Clut
38:Annals of Ulster
33:
21:
18:King of Alt Clut
8407:
8406:
8402:
8401:
8400:
8398:
8397:
8396:
8372:
8371:
8370:
8365:
8360:
8352:
8279:
8274:
8244:
8239:
8165:
8131:Dumnagual I Hen
8121:Ceretic Guletic
8109:
8096:
8055:
8053:Rhun ab Arthgal
8043:
8035:
8014:
8013:
7994:
7963:
7957:
7937:
7931:
7906:
7900:
7887:
7881:
7865:
7848:
7840:
7834:
7821:
7784:
7759:
7731:
7725:
7709:
7672:
7666:
7653:
7631:
7584:
7561:
7556:
7550:
7537:
7531:
7514:
7508:
7491:
7485:
7468:
7431:
7406:
7362:(83): 283â323.
7350:
7344:
7327:
7270:
7257:
7251:
7238:
7227:
7219:
7196:
7191:
7176:
7151:
7145:
7132:
7115:
7098:
7061:
7034:
7028:
7007:
7001:
6981:
6975:
6962:
6939:
6902:
6896:
6871:
6859:
6849:
6842:
6840:
6839:on 23 June 2019
6825:
6810:
6804:
6791:
6752:
6733:
6727:
6706:
6667:
6652:
6646:
6630:
6624:
6607:
6593:
6566:
6560:
6535:
6495:; Driscoll, S;
6490:
6441:
6436:
6393:
6352:
6315:
6309:
6289:
6283:
6267:
6254:
6229:
6223:
6198:
6192:
6179:
6173:
6152:
6146:
6129:
6088:
6082:
6069:
6055:
6030:
6016:
5999:
5993:Medieval Dublin
5990:
5984:
5967:
5953:
5940:
5917:
5903:
5886:
5847:
5841:
5824:
5784:
5775:
5767:
5765:
5744:
5738:
5725:
5719:
5706:
5700:
5690:Birlinn Limited
5683:
5677:
5660:
5635:
5630:
5616:
5595:
5589:
5576:
5570:
5557:
5551:
5543:. p. 523.
5527:
5521:
5505:
5499:
5486:
5480:
5463:
5426:
5417:
5409:
5407:
5383:
5345:10.2307/3679110
5328:
5277:
5259:
5250:
5242:
5240:
5216:
5167:
5159:
5155:
5150:
5108:
5086:
5077:
5075:
5066:
5057:
5055:
5046:
5024:
5002:
4986:
4970:, eds. (1890).
4962:
4940:
4924:
4916:
4894:, eds. (1870).
4882:
4835:
4821:
4811:Greenwood Press
4801:
4795:
4778:
4771:
4764:
4757:
4750:
4741:
4739:
4730:
4721:
4719:
4710:
4685:
4676:
4674:
4665:
4656:
4654:
4645:
4639:
4619:
4610:
4608:
4593:
4577:
4570:
4568:
4555:
4537:
4506:
4487:
4461:
4457:
4455:Primary sources
4452:
4447:
4441:Clarkson (2014)
4439:
4426:
4418:
4414:
4406:
4402:
4390:
4386:
4348:Clarkson (2014)
4346:
4342:
4320:Davidson (2002)
4316:Clarkson (2014)
4314:
4310:
4304:Clarkson (2014)
4302:
4298:
4294:ch. 3 ¶¶ 17â18.
4292:Clarkson (2014)
4290:
4286:
4280:Clarkson (2010)
4268:Clarkson (2014)
4266:
4262:
4250:
4246:
4212:Clarkson (2014)
4210:
4206:
4202:pp. 15, 16, 30.
4190:p. 162 n. 158;
4180:Clarkson (2010)
4164:Clarkson (2014)
4158:
4154:
4136:Clarkson (2014)
4134:
4130:
4112:Clarkson (2014)
4110:
4106:
4092:Crawford (2014)
4088:Clarkson (2014)
4086:
4082:
4076:Clarkson (2014)
4074:
4070:
4064:Clarkson (2014)
4062:
4058:
4048:Clarkson (2010)
4036:Clarkson (2014)
4030:
4026:
3972:Clarkson (2010)
3952:Clarkson (2014)
3942:
3938:
3926:
3922:
3914:
3910:
3898:
3894:
3886:
3882:
3858:
3854:
3838:
3834:
3826:
3822:
3806:
3802:
3788:Clarkson (2014)
3786:
3782:
3776:Clarkson (2014)
3774:
3767:
3755:
3751:
3739:
3735:
3723:
3719:
3665:Clarkson (2010)
3649:Clarkson (2014)
3643:
3639:
3631:
3627:
3609:Clarkson (2014)
3607:
3603:
3569:Dumville (1999)
3541:Clarkson (2010)
3529:Clarkson (2014)
3523:
3519:
3511:
3507:
3485:
3481:
3477:p. 324 § 872.5.
3461:
3457:
3419:
3415:
3389:Dumville (1999)
3381:Davidson (2002)
3326:Clarkson (2014)
3309:
3305:
3283:Dumville (1999)
3243:Clarkson (2014)
3229:
3225:
3206:
3202:
3186:
3182:
3152:
3148:
3142:Crawford (2000)
3132:
3128:
3080:
3076:
3056:p. 6, 6 n. 22;
3004:
3000:
2992:
2988:
2968:
2964:
2940:
2936:
2928:
2924:
2916:
2912:
2904:
2897:
2885:
2881:
2877:p. 70 fig. 2.2.
2873:
2869:
2859:Clarkson (2014)
2857:
2853:
2837:
2833:
2825:
2821:
2796:
2792:
2778:Clarkson (2010)
2762:Clarkson (2014)
2760:
2756:
2746:Crawford (1997)
2726:Clarkson (2014)
2724:
2720:
2712:
2708:
2702:De Simon (1909)
2692:
2688:
2684:p. 322 § 871.2.
2676:
2672:
2656:p. 331 n. 150;
2614:
2610:
2588:Pelteret (1980)
2513:Clarkson (2010)
2472:
2468:
2430:
2426:
2399:
2395:
2351:Clarkson (2010)
2345:
2341:
2333:
2329:
2313:
2309:
2285:
2281:
2265:p. 331 n. 149;
2239:Clarkson (2010)
2213:
2209:
2179:
2175:
2171:p. 322 § 870.6.
2163:
2159:
2141:Crawford (1997)
2139:p. 331 n. 149;
2103:Clarkson (2010)
2089:
2085:
2069:p. 117 n. 173;
2051:Crawford (1997)
1992:Clarkson (2010)
1947:48, 48 n. 145;
1943:
1939:
1931:
1927:
1919:
1915:
1879:
1872:
1856:
1852:
1830:Clarkson (2010)
1820:
1816:
1794:Davidson (2002)
1782:Clarkson (2010)
1772:
1768:
1760:
1751:
1729:Dumville (1999)
1721:Clarkson (2010)
1717:Clarkson (2014)
1715:
1711:
1677:Dumville (1999)
1665:Clarkson (2010)
1657:Clarkson (2014)
1651:
1647:
1639:
1635:
1627:
1623:
1615:
1611:
1603:
1599:
1589:Clarkson (2010)
1587:
1583:
1575:
1571:
1517:Clarkson (2010)
1487:
1483:
1477:Dumville (1999)
1467:
1463:
1433:Clarkson (2014)
1427:
1423:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1385:
1384:
1378:
1374:
1361:Scottish Gaelic
1350:
1346:
1341:
1337:
1312:
1308:
1281:
1277:
1260:
1256:
1251:
1247:
1238:
1234:
1220:("chief tale")â
1211:
1207:
1192:
1188:
1179:
1175:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1072:
583:
442:
381:kings of Dublin
306:Annales CambriĂŠ
253:
194:
79:Rhun ab Arthgal
42:
19:
12:
11:
5:
8405:
8403:
8395:
8394:
8389:
8384:
8374:
8373:
8367:
8366:
8364:
8363:
8357:
8354:
8353:
8351:
8350:
8343:
8338:
8331:
8326:
8319:
8314:
8309:
8304:
8297:
8292:
8284:
8281:
8280:
8275:
8273:
8272:
8265:
8258:
8250:
8241:
8240:
8238:
8237:
8229:
8224:
8219:
8214:
8209:
8204:
8199:
8194:
8189:
8184:
8179:
8173:
8171:
8170:Historic kings
8167:
8166:
8164:
8163:
8158:
8153:
8148:
8143:
8138:
8133:
8128:
8123:
8117:
8115:
8111:
8110:
8097:
8095:
8094:
8087:
8080:
8072:
8064:
8063:
8051:
8048:
8036:
8031:
8027:
8026:
8025:Regnal titles
8022:
8021:
8011:
7993:
7992:
7961:
7955:
7935:
7929:
7904:
7898:
7885:
7879:
7863:
7838:
7832:
7819:
7793:(2): 164â181.
7782:
7757:
7729:
7723:
7707:
7681:(1): 282â295.
7670:
7664:
7651:
7629:
7582:
7554:
7548:
7535:
7529:
7512:
7506:
7494:McKitterick, R
7489:
7483:
7466:
7429:
7404:
7348:
7342:
7325:
7268:
7255:
7249:
7236:
7217:
7189:
7183:(PhD thesis).
7174:
7149:
7143:
7130:
7113:
7096:
7059:
7032:
7026:
7005:
6999:
6979:
6973:
6960:
6937:
6900:
6894:
6869:
6861:|journal=
6823:
6808:
6802:
6789:
6750:
6731:
6725:
6704:
6665:
6650:
6644:
6628:
6622:
6614:Viking Empires
6605:
6591:
6564:
6558:
6533:
6488:
6454:(2): 131â154.
6434:
6391:
6365:(2): 195â216.
6350:
6324:(2): 127â142.
6313:
6307:
6287:
6281:
6265:
6252:
6227:
6221:
6196:
6190:
6177:
6171:
6150:
6144:
6127:
6086:
6080:
6067:
6053:
6028:
6014:
5997:
5988:
5982:
5965:
5951:
5938:
5922:(PhD thesis).
5915:
5901:
5884:
5858:(1): 123â134.
5845:
5839:
5822:
5782:
5742:
5736:
5723:
5717:
5704:
5698:
5681:
5675:
5658:
5628:
5614:
5593:
5587:
5574:
5568:
5555:
5549:
5525:
5519:
5503:
5497:
5484:
5478:
5461:
5435:(2): 111â180.
5424:
5381:
5326:
5275:
5257:
5214:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5148:
5122:(2): 147â167.
5106:
5090:, ed. (1860).
5084:
5064:
5044:
5028:, ed. (1855).
5022:
5006:, ed. (1867).
5000:
4960:
4938:
4914:
4880:
4846:(2): 129â161.
4833:
4819:
4799:
4793:
4776:
4762:
4748:
4728:
4708:
4683:
4663:
4643:
4637:
4623:, ed. (2006).
4617:
4591:
4553:
4541:, ed. (1885).
4535:
4504:
4485:
4465:, ed. (1908).
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4445:
4424:
4412:
4400:
4384:
4362:p. 154 n. 23;
4340:
4330:p. 154 n. 23;
4308:
4296:
4284:
4260:
4244:
4236:Clancy (2006c)
4216:Edmonds (2014)
4204:
4192:Clancy (2006c)
4188:Downham (2007)
4168:Edmonds (2014)
4152:
4128:
4104:
4102:p. 80 ill. 32.
4080:
4068:
4056:
4024:
3996:Forsyth (2005)
3988:Clancy (2006c)
3984:Downham (2007)
3956:Edmonds (2014)
3936:
3920:
3908:
3892:
3880:
3852:
3840:Downham (2007)
3832:
3820:
3800:
3780:
3765:
3757:Downham (2007)
3749:
3741:Clancy (2006a)
3733:
3717:
3691:pp. 149, 154;
3687:pp. 127, 135;
3673:Downham (2007)
3671:pp. 286, 642;
3669:Bartrum (2009)
3645:Edmonds (2015)
3637:
3625:
3613:Bartrum (2009)
3601:
3545:Bartrum (2009)
3533:Edmonds (2014)
3517:
3513:Bartrum (2009)
3505:
3479:
3471:Edmonds (2014)
3463:Edmonds (2015)
3455:
3429:Edmonds (2014)
3421:Edmonds (2015)
3413:
3369:Clancy (2006c)
3365:Clancy (2006a)
3361:Downham (2007)
3342:Bartrum (2009)
3330:Edmonds (2014)
3318:Edmonds (2015)
3303:
3271:Clancy (2006c)
3267:Clancy (2006a)
3263:Downham (2007)
3259:Bartrum (2009)
3247:Edmonds (2014)
3235:Edmonds (2015)
3223:
3208:Howlett (2000)
3200:
3188:Downham (2007)
3180:
3170:pp. 142, 240;
3168:Downham (2007)
3146:
3126:
3122:Stenton (1963)
3108:p. 318 n. 29;
3100:ch. 21 n. 44;
3094:Downham (2007)
3086:Downham (2011)
3082:Downham (2018)
3074:
3070:Stenton (1963)
3052:p. 318 n. 29;
3044:ch. 21 n. 44;
3030:Downham (2007)
3018:Downham (2011)
3014:Downham (2013)
3006:Downham (2018)
2998:
2986:
2962:
2942:Downham (2018)
2934:
2922:
2910:
2895:
2879:
2867:
2851:
2843:Downham (2007)
2831:
2819:
2790:
2754:
2738:Downham (2007)
2734:Sheehan (2008)
2718:
2706:
2696:p. 294 n. 64;
2694:Sheehan (2008)
2686:
2678:Edmonds (2014)
2670:
2634:Downham (2007)
2616:Downham (2011)
2608:
2536:Downham (2007)
2521:Sheehan (2008)
2501:Downham (2013)
2493:Edmonds (2014)
2474:Downham (2018)
2466:
2456:pp. 240, 259;
2454:Downham (2007)
2432:Edmonds (2014)
2424:
2401:Edmonds (2014)
2393:
2362:Downham (2007)
2339:
2335:Downham (2007)
2327:
2315:Downham (2007)
2307:
2291:Downham (2007)
2287:Edmonds (2014)
2279:
2247:Downham (2007)
2227:Edmonds (2014)
2207:
2188:Bartrum (2009)
2173:
2165:Edmonds (2014)
2157:
2121:Downham (2007)
2095:Downham (2011)
2083:
2011:Downham (2007)
1980:Downham (2013)
1968:Edmonds (2014)
1958:p. 22 n. 145;
1937:
1925:
1921:Downham (2007)
1913:
1870:
1850:
1834:Downham (2007)
1814:
1804:pp. 148, 153;
1786:Downham (2007)
1778:McNiven (2014)
1766:
1749:
1725:Bartrum (2009)
1709:
1673:Clancy (2006c)
1669:Bartrum (2009)
1661:Edmonds (2014)
1645:
1633:
1621:
1609:
1605:Clancy (2006a)
1597:
1593:Bartrum (2009)
1581:
1569:
1537:Clancy (2006c)
1533:Clancy (2006b)
1529:Clancy (2006a)
1493:Edmonds (2014)
1489:Edmonds (2015)
1481:
1473:Downham (2007)
1461:
1421:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1372:
1344:
1335:
1306:
1275:
1254:
1245:
1232:
1205:
1186:
1184:, died in 760.
1173:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1069:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1003:
1000:
999:
997:
994:
993:
990:
989:
987:
985:
983:
980:
979:
977:
974:
973:
971:
969:
966:
965:
962:
961:
959:
956:
955:
953:
950:
949:
947:
944:
943:
940:
939:
937:
935:
933:
931:
929:
926:
925:
923:
920:
919:
917:
915:
912:
911:
908:
907:
905:
902:
901:
899:
896:
895:
893:
890:
889:
886:
885:
883:
881:
879:
876:
875:
873:
870:
869:
867:
865:
862:
861:
858:
857:
855:
852:
851:
849:
846:
845:
843:
840:
839:
836:
835:
833:
831:
829:
827:
825:
823:
821:
818:
817:
815:
812:
811:
809:
803:
800:
799:
796:
795:
793:
790:
789:
787:
784:
783:
781:
778:
777:
774:
773:
771:
769:
767:
764:
763:
761:
758:
757:
755:
753:
750:
749:
746:
745:
743:
740:
739:
737:
734:
733:
731:
728:
727:
724:
723:
721:
719:
717:
715:
713:
710:
709:
707:
704:
703:
701:
695:
692:
691:
688:
687:
685:
682:
681:
679:
676:
675:
673:
670:
669:
666:
665:
663:
661:
659:
656:
655:
653:
650:
649:
647:
641:
638:
637:
634:
633:
631:
628:
627:
625:
622:
621:
614:
612:
610:
608:
606:
604:
602:
600:
598:
591:
590:
584:
582:
579:
441:
438:
429:Firth of Forth
425:Firth of Clyde
252:
249:
193:
190:
102:
101:
98:
94:
93:
90:
86:
85:
82:
81:
76:
72:
71:
66:
62:
61:
55:
51:
50:
44:
43:
34:
26:
25:
17:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8404:
8393:
8390:
8388:
8385:
8383:
8380:
8379:
8377:
8359:
8358:
8355:
8349:
8348:
8344:
8342:
8339:
8337:
8336:
8332:
8330:
8327:
8325:
8324:
8320:
8318:
8315:
8313:
8310:
8308:
8305:
8303:
8302:
8298:
8296:
8293:
8291:
8290:
8286:
8285:
8282:
8278:
8271:
8266:
8264:
8259:
8257:
8252:
8251:
8248:
8235:
8234:
8230:
8228:
8225:
8223:
8220:
8218:
8215:
8213:
8210:
8208:
8207:Dumnagual III
8205:
8203:
8200:
8198:
8195:
8193:
8190:
8188:
8185:
8183:
8180:
8178:
8175:
8174:
8172:
8168:
8162:
8159:
8157:
8154:
8152:
8149:
8147:
8144:
8142:
8139:
8137:
8134:
8132:
8129:
8127:
8124:
8122:
8119:
8118:
8116:
8112:
8108:
8104:
8100:
8093:
8088:
8086:
8081:
8079:
8074:
8073:
8070:
8061:
8060:
8054:
8046:
8042:
8041:
8034:
8028:
8023:
8018:
8009:
8006:
8004:
7999:
7989:
7985:
7981:
7977:
7973:
7969:
7968:
7962:
7958:
7952:
7948:
7944:
7940:
7936:
7932:
7926:
7922:
7918:
7914:
7910:
7905:
7901:
7895:
7891:
7886:
7882:
7880:1-85264-047-2
7876:
7872:
7868:
7864:
7861:(3): 217â233.
7860:
7856:
7855:
7847:
7843:
7839:
7835:
7829:
7825:
7820:
7816:
7812:
7808:
7804:
7800:
7796:
7792:
7788:
7783:
7779:
7775:
7771:
7767:
7763:
7758:
7754:
7750:
7746:
7741:
7740:
7734:
7730:
7726:
7724:0-7486-0100-7
7720:
7716:
7712:
7708:
7704:
7700:
7696:
7692:
7688:
7684:
7680:
7676:
7671:
7667:
7665:0-19-285434-8
7661:
7657:
7652:
7648:
7644:
7641:
7637:
7636:
7630:
7626:
7622:
7618:
7614:
7610:
7606:
7602:
7598:
7594:
7590:
7589:
7583:
7579:
7575:
7571:
7567:
7560:
7555:
7551:
7549:0-906187-39-7
7545:
7541:
7536:
7532:
7526:
7522:
7518:
7513:
7509:
7503:
7499:
7495:
7490:
7486:
7484:87-85180-42-4
7480:
7476:
7472:
7467:
7463:
7459:
7455:
7451:
7447:
7443:
7439:
7435:
7430:
7426:
7422:
7418:
7414:
7410:
7405:
7401:
7397:
7393:
7389:
7385:
7381:
7377:
7373:
7369:
7365:
7361:
7357:
7353:
7349:
7345:
7339:
7335:
7331:
7326:
7322:
7318:
7314:
7310:
7305:
7300:
7296:
7292:
7288:
7284:
7280:
7276:
7275:
7269:
7265:
7261:
7256:
7252:
7246:
7242:
7237:
7233:
7226:
7222:
7218:
7214:
7210:
7206:
7202:
7195:
7190:
7186:
7182:
7181:
7175:
7171:
7167:
7164:(3): 83â103.
7163:
7159:
7155:
7150:
7146:
7144:0-7486-1110-X
7140:
7136:
7131:
7128:(2): 188â203.
7127:
7123:
7119:
7114:
7110:
7106:
7102:
7097:
7093:
7089:
7085:
7081:
7077:
7073:
7069:
7065:
7060:
7056:
7052:
7048:
7044:
7043:
7038:
7033:
7029:
7023:
7019:
7018:Penguin Books
7015:
7011:
7006:
7002:
7000:0-19-285434-8
6996:
6992:
6988:
6984:
6980:
6976:
6974:0-906602-46-7
6970:
6966:
6961:
6956:
6951:
6947:
6944:(MA thesis).
6943:
6938:
6934:
6930:
6926:
6922:
6918:
6914:
6910:
6906:
6901:
6897:
6895:0-8020-3601-5
6891:
6887:
6883:
6879:
6875:
6870:
6866:
6854:
6838:
6834:
6830:
6826:
6824:0-313-29087-3
6820:
6816:
6815:
6809:
6805:
6799:
6795:
6790:
6786:
6782:
6778:
6774:
6770:
6766:
6762:
6758:
6757:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6737:
6732:
6728:
6722:
6718:
6714:
6710:
6705:
6701:
6697:
6693:
6689:
6685:
6681:
6677:
6673:
6672:
6666:
6662:
6659:(MA thesis).
6658:
6657:
6651:
6647:
6641:
6637:
6633:
6629:
6625:
6619:
6615:
6611:
6606:
6602:
6598:
6594:
6592:0-19-820615-1
6588:
6584:
6580:
6576:
6571:
6565:
6561:
6559:9781118396957
6555:
6551:
6547:
6544:. p. 1.
6543:
6539:
6534:
6530:
6526:
6522:
6518:
6514:
6510:
6506:
6502:
6498:
6494:
6489:
6485:
6481:
6477:
6473:
6469:
6465:
6461:
6457:
6453:
6449:
6448:
6440:
6435:
6431:
6427:
6423:
6419:
6415:
6411:
6407:
6403:
6402:
6397:
6392:
6388:
6384:
6380:
6376:
6372:
6368:
6364:
6360:
6356:
6351:
6347:
6343:
6339:
6335:
6331:
6327:
6323:
6319:
6314:
6310:
6308:0-901824-83-6
6304:
6300:
6296:
6292:
6288:
6284:
6278:
6274:
6270:
6266:
6262:
6258:
6253:
6249:
6245:
6241:
6237:
6233:
6228:
6224:
6218:
6214:
6210:
6206:
6202:
6197:
6193:
6191:0-19-211696-7
6187:
6183:
6178:
6174:
6172:0-19-211696-7
6168:
6164:
6160:
6156:
6151:
6147:
6145:1-873448-09-0
6141:
6137:
6133:
6128:
6124:
6120:
6116:
6112:
6108:
6104:
6101:(2): 95â114.
6100:
6096:
6092:
6087:
6083:
6081:1-85109-445-8
6077:
6073:
6068:
6064:
6060:
6056:
6050:
6046:
6042:
6038:
6035:. Cambridge:
6034:
6029:
6025:
6021:
6017:
6011:
6007:
6003:
5998:
5994:
5989:
5985:
5979:
5975:
5972:. Edinburgh:
5971:
5966:
5962:
5958:
5954:
5948:
5944:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5925:
5921:
5916:
5912:
5908:
5904:
5898:
5894:
5890:
5885:
5881:
5877:
5873:
5869:
5865:
5861:
5857:
5853:
5852:
5846:
5842:
5840:0-7185-1197-2
5836:
5832:
5828:
5823:
5819:
5815:
5811:
5807:
5803:
5799:
5795:
5791:
5787:
5783:
5779:
5764:
5760:
5756:
5755:
5749:
5743:
5739:
5733:
5729:
5724:
5720:
5714:
5710:
5705:
5701:
5695:
5691:
5687:
5682:
5678:
5672:
5668:
5664:
5659:
5655:
5651:
5647:
5643:
5642:
5634:
5629:
5625:
5621:
5617:
5611:
5607:
5603:
5599:
5594:
5590:
5588:1-85109-445-8
5584:
5580:
5575:
5571:
5569:1-85109-445-8
5565:
5561:
5556:
5552:
5550:1-85109-445-8
5546:
5542:
5538:
5534:
5530:
5526:
5522:
5516:
5512:
5508:
5504:
5500:
5498:0-313-32295-3
5494:
5490:
5485:
5481:
5475:
5471:
5468:. Edinburgh:
5467:
5462:
5458:
5454:
5450:
5446:
5442:
5438:
5434:
5430:
5425:
5421:
5406:
5402:
5398:
5397:
5391:
5386:
5382:
5378:
5374:
5370:
5366:
5362:
5358:
5354:
5350:
5346:
5342:
5338:
5334:
5333:
5327:
5323:
5319:
5315:
5311:
5307:
5303:
5299:
5295:
5291:
5287:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5272:
5268:
5267:
5262:
5258:
5254:
5239:
5235:
5231:
5230:
5224:
5219:
5215:
5211:
5207:
5203:
5199:
5195:
5191:
5187:
5183:
5179:
5175:
5174:
5166:
5162:
5158:
5157:
5152:
5145:
5141:
5137:
5133:
5129:
5125:
5121:
5117:
5116:
5111:
5107:
5103:
5099:
5095:
5094:
5089:
5085:
5073:
5069:
5065:
5053:
5049:
5045:
5041:
5037:
5033:
5032:
5027:
5023:
5019:
5015:
5011:
5010:
5005:
5001:
4997:
4991:
4983:
4979:
4975:
4974:
4969:
4965:
4961:
4957:
4953:
4952:
4947:
4943:
4942:Phillimore, E
4939:
4935:
4929:
4921:
4920:
4915:
4911:
4907:
4903:
4899:
4898:
4893:
4889:
4885:
4881:
4877:
4873:
4869:
4865:
4861:
4857:
4853:
4849:
4845:
4841:
4840:
4834:
4830:
4826:
4822:
4820:0-313-29567-0
4816:
4812:
4808:
4804:
4800:
4796:
4794:1-85182-455-3
4790:
4786:
4782:
4777:
4770:
4769:
4763:
4756:
4755:
4749:
4737:
4733:
4729:
4717:
4713:
4709:
4705:
4701:
4697:
4693:
4689:
4684:
4672:
4668:
4664:
4652:
4648:
4644:
4640:
4634:
4630:
4626:
4622:
4618:
4606:
4602:
4601:
4596:
4592:
4588:
4582:
4566:
4562:
4558:
4554:
4550:
4546:
4545:
4540:
4536:
4532:
4528:
4524:
4520:
4516:
4512:
4511:
4505:
4501:
4497:
4493:
4492:
4486:
4482:
4478:
4474:
4470:
4469:
4464:
4460:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4442:
4437:
4435:
4433:
4431:
4429:
4425:
4421:
4416:
4413:
4409:
4408:Walker (2013)
4404:
4401:
4397:
4393:
4388:
4385:
4381:
4377:
4374:p. 39 § 126;
4373:
4369:
4365:
4361:
4357:
4356:Durkan (1998)
4353:
4349:
4344:
4341:
4337:
4334:pp. 203â204;
4333:
4329:
4325:
4321:
4317:
4312:
4309:
4305:
4300:
4297:
4293:
4288:
4285:
4281:
4277:
4273:
4272:Walker (2013)
4269:
4264:
4261:
4257:
4256:Davies (2009)
4253:
4248:
4245:
4241:
4237:
4234:p. 322 n. 4;
4233:
4229:
4228:Davies (2009)
4225:
4221:
4220:Clancy (2009)
4217:
4213:
4208:
4205:
4201:
4197:
4193:
4189:
4185:
4184:Davies (2009)
4181:
4178:ch. 11 ¶ 46;
4177:
4173:
4170:pp. 200â201;
4169:
4165:
4161:
4156:
4153:
4149:
4145:
4141:
4137:
4132:
4129:
4125:
4121:
4117:
4113:
4108:
4105:
4101:
4097:
4093:
4089:
4084:
4081:
4077:
4072:
4069:
4065:
4060:
4057:
4053:
4049:
4046:ch. 11 ¶ 46;
4045:
4041:
4037:
4033:
4028:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4013:
4009:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3985:
3981:
3977:
3976:Davies (2009)
3973:
3970:ch. 11 ¶ 46;
3969:
3965:
3962:pp. 480â481;
3961:
3957:
3953:
3949:
3945:
3940:
3937:
3933:
3929:
3924:
3921:
3917:
3912:
3909:
3905:
3904:Duncan (1996)
3901:
3896:
3893:
3889:
3888:Clancy (2017)
3884:
3881:
3877:
3876:Duncan (1996)
3873:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3860:Clancy (2009)
3856:
3853:
3849:
3845:
3844:Broun (2004a)
3841:
3836:
3833:
3829:
3824:
3821:
3817:
3814:pp. 108â109;
3813:
3809:
3804:
3801:
3797:
3793:
3792:Walker (2013)
3789:
3784:
3781:
3777:
3772:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3753:
3750:
3746:
3742:
3737:
3734:
3730:
3726:
3721:
3718:
3714:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3685:Broun (2004b)
3682:
3681:Broun (2004a)
3678:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3662:
3659:ch. 11 ¶ 38;
3658:
3654:
3650:
3646:
3641:
3638:
3635:p. 127 n. 61.
3634:
3633:Broun (2004b)
3629:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3610:
3605:
3602:
3598:
3595:pp. 172â173;
3594:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3557:Broun (2004b)
3555:p. 324 n. 1;
3554:
3550:
3546:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3521:
3518:
3514:
3509:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3496:
3491:
3489:
3483:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3459:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3447:Calise (2002)
3444:
3442:
3437:
3435:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3417:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3391:pp. 110â111;
3390:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3377:Calise (2002)
3374:
3370:
3366:
3362:
3358:
3356:
3351:
3350:Davies (2009)
3347:
3346:Clancy (2009)
3343:
3339:
3335:
3334:Walker (2013)
3331:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3313:
3307:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3288:
3285:pp. 110â111;
3284:
3280:
3279:Calise (2002)
3276:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3251:Walker (2013)
3248:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3227:
3224:
3220:
3218:
3213:
3209:
3204:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3184:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3163:
3158:
3156:
3150:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3134:Hadley (2009)
3130:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3116:pp. 93, 118;
3115:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3102:Keynes (2001)
3099:
3095:
3092:pp. 127â128;
3091:
3087:
3083:
3078:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3054:Brooks (1979)
3051:
3047:
3046:Keynes (2001)
3043:
3039:
3035:
3034:McTurk (2006)
3031:
3028:pp. 127â128;
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3002:
2999:
2995:
2990:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2966:
2963:
2959:
2956:p. 34 n. 74;
2955:
2951:
2948:p. 11 n. 65;
2947:
2943:
2938:
2935:
2931:
2926:
2923:
2919:
2914:
2911:
2907:
2902:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2883:
2880:
2876:
2875:Fraser (2012)
2871:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2855:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2835:
2832:
2828:
2823:
2820:
2816:
2814:
2809:
2807:
2802:
2800:
2794:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2772:ch. 11 ¶ 45;
2771:
2767:
2763:
2758:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2722:
2719:
2715:
2710:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2690:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2674:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2652:§ 38 n. 142;
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2629:
2624:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2609:
2606:p. 337 n. 36.
2605:
2604:Beaven (1918)
2602:pp. 302â303;
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2556:Sawyer (2001)
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2527:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2485:Wadden (2016)
2482:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2445:
2440:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2411:
2406:
2402:
2397:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2372:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2357:
2352:
2348:
2347:Walker (2013)
2343:
2340:
2336:
2331:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2311:
2308:
2304:
2301:p. 302 n. 7;
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2283:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2261:§ 38 n. 141;
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2243:Davies (2009)
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2211:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2194:
2189:
2185:
2183:
2177:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2161:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2135:§ 38 n. 141;
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2116:
2111:
2109:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2091:Walker (2013)
2087:
2084:
2081:p. 337 n. 36.
2080:
2079:Beaven (1918)
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2063:Brooks (1979)
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2006:
2001:
1997:
1996:Davies (2009)
1993:
1990:pp. 123â124;
1989:
1985:
1984:Fraser (2012)
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1962:p. 38 n. 99;
1961:
1957:
1953:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1938:
1934:
1929:
1926:
1922:
1917:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1905:Arnold (1885)
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1854:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1818:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1770:
1767:
1763:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1743:pp. 172â173;
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1727:pp. 29, 241;
1726:
1722:
1718:
1713:
1710:
1706:
1703:pp. 172â173;
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1687:pp. 159â160;
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1649:
1646:
1642:
1637:
1634:
1630:
1629:Zimmer (2009)
1625:
1622:
1618:
1613:
1610:
1606:
1601:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1585:
1582:
1578:
1573:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1545:Broun (2004b)
1542:
1541:Broun (2004a)
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1521:Clancy (2009)
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1501:Walker (2013)
1498:
1494:
1490:
1485:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1465:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1445:Calise (2002)
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1425:
1422:
1418:
1416:
1411:
1409:
1404:
1402:
1396:
1393:
1387:
1376:
1373:
1369:
1367:
1362:
1358:
1356:
1348:
1345:
1339:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1327:Ăed Findliath
1324:
1320:
1316:
1310:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1293:
1292:
1285:
1279:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1258:
1255:
1249:
1246:
1242:
1236:
1233:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1219:
1217:
1209:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1197:
1190:
1187:
1183:
1177:
1174:
1170:
1168:
1162:
1160:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1144:
1138:
1134:
1132:
1126:
1122:
1120:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1084:
1081:
1074:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1008:
1007:
1002:
1001:
996:
995:
992:
991:
982:
981:
976:
975:
968:
967:
964:
963:
958:
957:
952:
951:
946:
945:
942:
941:
928:
927:
922:
921:
914:
913:
910:
909:
904:
903:
898:
897:
892:
891:
888:
887:
878:
877:
872:
871:
864:
863:
860:
859:
854:
853:
848:
847:
842:
841:
838:
837:
820:
819:
814:
813:
808:
802:
801:
798:
797:
792:
791:
786:
785:
780:
779:
776:
775:
766:
765:
760:
759:
752:
751:
748:
747:
742:
741:
736:
735:
730:
729:
726:
725:
712:
711:
706:
705:
700:
694:
693:
690:
689:
684:
683:
678:
677:
672:
671:
668:
667:
658:
657:
652:
651:
646:
640:
639:
636:
635:
630:
629:
624:
623:
619:
613:
597:
596:
593:
592:
588:
587:
580:
578:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
558:
552:
551:
545:
542:
533:
529:
525:
520:
516:
514:
510:
506:
495:
491:
487:
485:
481:
477:
473:
465:
463:
457:
456:
451:
446:
439:
437:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
405:
403:
402:
390:
386:
382:
378:
373:
369:
367:
363:
362:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
336:
330:
328:
324:
320:
319:
314:
313:
308:
307:
302:
298:
294:
290:
289:
284:
283:
274:
270:
266:
262:
257:
250:
248:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
225:
219:
217:
213:
209:
208:
198:
191:
189:
187:
183:
179:
174:
172:
168:
164:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
130:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
80:
77:
73:
70:
67:
63:
59:
56:
52:
49:
45:
40:
39:
32:
27:
22:
16:
8345:
8333:
8321:
8299:
8288:
8287:
8231:
8226:
8222:Dumnagual IV
8187:Dumnagual II
8058:
8057:
8038:
8016:
7995:
7971:
7965:
7946:
7908:
7889:
7870:
7858:
7852:
7842:Whitelock, D
7823:
7790:
7786:
7761:
7738:
7714:
7678:
7674:
7655:
7634:
7592:
7586:
7569:
7565:
7539:
7520:
7497:
7473:. Roskilde:
7470:
7437:
7433:
7416:
7412:
7359:
7355:
7352:Ă CorrĂĄin, D
7329:
7278:
7272:
7259:
7240:
7231:
7204:
7200:
7179:
7161:
7157:
7134:
7125:
7121:
7108:
7104:
7067:
7063:
7046:
7040:
7013:
6990:
6964:
6941:
6908:
6904:
6877:
6841:. Retrieved
6837:the original
6813:
6793:
6760:
6754:
6735:
6712:
6675:
6669:
6655:
6635:
6613:
6578:
6537:
6504:
6500:
6451:
6445:
6408:(1): 43â66.
6405:
6399:
6362:
6358:
6321:
6317:
6299:Mercat Press
6294:
6272:
6269:Dumville, DN
6260:
6242:(1): 36â37.
6239:
6235:
6208:
6181:
6158:
6135:
6098:
6094:
6071:
6032:
6001:
5992:
5969:
5942:
5919:
5888:
5855:
5849:
5826:
5793:
5789:
5766:. Retrieved
5752:
5727:
5708:
5685:
5662:
5645:
5639:
5601:
5578:
5559:
5536:
5510:
5488:
5465:
5432:
5428:
5408:. Retrieved
5394:
5336:
5330:
5289:
5283:
5265:
5241:. Retrieved
5227:
5218:Anderson, MO
5177:
5171:
5119:
5113:
5092:
5076:. Retrieved
5071:
5056:. Retrieved
5051:
5030:
5026:Stevenson, J
5008:
4972:
4955:
4949:
4918:
4896:
4843:
4837:
4806:
4780:
4767:
4753:
4740:. Retrieved
4735:
4720:. Retrieved
4715:
4691:
4675:. Retrieved
4670:
4655:. Retrieved
4650:
4624:
4609:. Retrieved
4598:
4569:. Retrieved
4560:
4543:
4514:
4508:
4490:
4467:
4463:Anderson, AO
4422:ch. 11 ¶ 46.
4415:
4403:
4398:pp. 203â204.
4387:
4380:Skene (1867)
4343:
4311:
4299:
4287:
4274:ch. 1 ¶ 42;
4270:ch. 3 ¶ 18;
4263:
4252:Woolf (2010)
4247:
4240:Hicks (2003)
4214:ch. 3 ¶ 11;
4207:
4200:Hicks (2003)
4182:ch. 8 ¶ 26;
4174:ch. 8 ¶ 23;
4166:ch. 3 ¶ 11;
4155:
4150:pp. 102â103.
4138:ch. 3 ¶ 13;
4131:
4107:
4090:ch. 3 ¶ 13;
4083:
4071:
4059:
4050:ch. 8 ¶ 22;
4042:ch. 8 ¶ 23;
4038:ch. 3 ¶ 13;
4027:
4010:pp. 32, 34;
4008:Hicks (2003)
3974:ch. 8 ¶ 22;
3966:ch. 8 ¶ 23;
3944:Foley (2017)
3939:
3923:
3911:
3895:
3883:
3864:Woolf (2007)
3855:
3835:
3823:
3803:
3794:ch. 1 ¶ 42;
3790:ch. 3 ¶ 18;
3783:
3752:
3736:
3731:ch. 11 ¶ 38.
3727:ch. 8 ¶ 19;
3720:
3713:Smyth (1989)
3640:
3628:
3617:Woolf (2007)
3611:ch. 3 ¶ 11;
3604:
3597:Skene (1867)
3573:Woolf (1998)
3549:Woolf (2007)
3520:
3508:
3503:pp. 110â111.
3501:Woolf (2007)
3494:
3487:
3482:
3467:Evans (2015)
3458:
3453:p. 304 n. 2.
3440:
3433:
3425:Evans (2015)
3416:
3375:pp. 16, 30;
3373:Hicks (2003)
3354:
3338:Woolf (2010)
3336:ch. 1 ¶ 42;
3322:Evans (2015)
3311:
3306:
3277:pp. 16, 30;
3275:Hicks (2003)
3255:Woolf (2010)
3253:ch. 1 ¶ 42;
3239:Evans (2015)
3233:p. 5 n. 15;
3226:
3216:
3212:Skene (1867)
3203:
3183:
3161:
3154:
3149:
3138:Woolf (2007)
3129:
3106:Jaski (1995)
3077:
3072:pp. 247â248.
3050:Jaski (1995)
3022:Gigov (2011)
3001:
2989:
2965:
2954:Hicks (2003)
2937:
2932:p. 34 n. 74.
2930:Hicks (2003)
2925:
2913:
2906:Woolf (2007)
2887:Woolf (2007)
2882:
2870:
2854:
2847:Woolf (2007)
2834:
2822:
2812:
2805:
2798:
2793:
2768:ch. 8 ¶ 21;
2757:
2721:
2709:
2704:p. 30 § 871.
2689:
2673:
2668:p. 303 n. 1.
2627:
2620:
2611:
2580:Smyth (1989)
2548:Hicks (2003)
2540:Woolf (2007)
2532:Broun (2007)
2525:
2515:ch. 8 ¶ 20;
2505:Gigov (2011)
2478:
2469:
2464:p. 303 n. 1.
2450:Broun (2007)
2443:
2436:
2427:
2409:
2396:
2370:
2355:
2353:ch. 8 ¶ 20;
2349:ch. 1 ¶ 40;
2342:
2330:
2310:
2282:
2267:Cowan (1981)
2251:Hicks (2003)
2241:ch. 8 ¶ 20;
2210:
2199:Cowan (1981)
2192:
2181:
2176:
2160:
2149:Cowan (1981)
2114:
2107:
2105:ch. 8 ¶ 20;
2099:Gigov (2011)
2093:ch. 1 ¶ 40;
2086:
2055:Smyth (1989)
2027:Hicks (2003)
2015:Woolf (2007)
2004:
1994:ch. 8 ¶ 20;
1949:
1940:
1933:Yorke (2009)
1928:
1916:
1889:Woolf (2007)
1853:
1838:Woolf (2007)
1832:ch. 8 ¶ 19;
1828:ch. 8 ¶ 19;
1822:Evans (2015)
1817:
1810:Skene (1867)
1790:Woolf (2007)
1784:ch. 8 ¶ 19;
1774:Evans (2015)
1769:
1745:Skene (1867)
1712:
1705:Skene (1867)
1685:Woolf (1998)
1648:
1636:
1624:
1612:
1600:
1584:
1572:
1549:Hicks (2003)
1525:Woolf (2007)
1484:
1464:
1441:Woolf (2007)
1437:Woolf (2010)
1429:Evans (2015)
1424:
1414:
1407:
1400:
1395:
1375:
1366:DĂčn Breatann
1363:
1352:
1347:
1338:
1314:
1309:
1287:
1283:
1278:
1257:
1248:
1240:
1235:
1225:
1221:
1213:
1208:
1200:
1194:
1189:
1176:
1164:
1155:
1149:Middle Welsh
1140:
1128:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1083:
554:
548:
546:
537:
501:
488:
475:
471:
469:
459:
453:
448:The name of
432:
397:
394:
388:
359:
343:
339:
333:
331:
322:
316:
310:
304:
286:
280:
278:
222:
220:
205:
203:
175:
131:
106:
105:
36:
15:
8347:MĂĄel Coluim
8329:MĂĄel Coluim
8236:(uncertain)
7974:: 131â136.
7943:Stafford, P
7867:Williams, A
7440:: 296â339.
7281:: 165â189.
7070:(1): 3â24.
7008:Keynes, S;
6955:10852/58231
6911:: 310â353.
6884:. pp.
6880:. Toronto:
6763:: 317â345.
6709:Stafford, P
6678:(1): 1â25.
6493:Campbell, E
6291:Duncan, AAM
5796:(1): 3â21.
5667:John Donald
5598:Boardman, S
5261:Bartrum, PC
5180:: 103â113.
5078:12 February
5058:12 February
4951:Y Cymmrodor
4900:. Denbigh:
4888:Williams, E
4677:12 February
4657:12 February
4611:14 February
4571:19 February
4517:(1): 1â56.
4410:ch. 1 ¶ 42.
4282:ch. 8 ¶ 20.
4276:Oram (2011)
4242:pp. 16, 30.
4006:pp. 81â82;
4002:pp. 8, 10;
3980:Oram (2008)
3928:Oram (2008)
3916:Oram (2008)
3798:ch. 8 ¶ 21.
3778:ch. 3 ¶ 18.
3711:pp. 7, 13;
3663:chs. 2, 5;
3661:Oram (2011)
3527:pp. 22â23;
3024:pp. 24â25;
2980:pp. 56â57;
2774:Oram (2011)
2750:Holm (1986)
2748:pp. 50â51;
2728:ch. 3 ¶ 9;
2698:Holm (1986)
2584:Holm (1986)
2491:pp. 3, 11;
2059:Holm (1986)
1966:pp. 3, 11;
1907:pp. 40â41;
1848:p. 12 n. 3.
1792:pp. 93â95;
1655:pp. 22â23;
1513:Oram (2011)
575:East Anglia
571:Northumbria
567:puppet king
524:River Clyde
505:River Clyde
65:Predecessor
8387:872 deaths
8376:Categories
8341:Owain Foel
8217:Riderch II
8105:rulers of
7733:Stenton, F
7595:: 99â114.
7111:(1): 1â17.
7010:Lapidge, M
6632:Fraser, JE
6608:Forte, A;
6575:Wormald, J
6497:Forsyth, K
6222:0903903229
6205:Breeze, DJ
6063:2017034607
5933:1842/23321
5780:required.)
5529:Clancy, TO
5422:required.)
5255:required.)
4976:. Oxford.
4958:: 141â183.
4902:Thomas Gee
4803:Hudson, BT
4783:. Dublin:
4473:David Nutt
4471:. London:
4450:References
4054:pp. 8, 10.
4034:pp. 5, 7;
3950:pp. 5, 7;
3763:pp. 12â13.
3525:Guy (2016)
3231:Guy (2016)
3174:§§ 39â40;
2920:pp. 88â89.
2325:pp. 14â15.
1683:pp. 3â12;
1653:Guy (2016)
1643:pp. 24â25.
1355:DĂșn Bretan
1267:Great Army
1159:Artogalno-
1153:Old Celtic
620:(died 760)
557:Cath Lures
498:CausantĂn.
401:longphuirt
342:, and the
8323:Rhydderch
8212:Eugein II
8107:Dumbarton
7988:0962-1377
7980:2058-5063
7815:0036-9241
7807:1750-0222
7770:1545-0155
7753:24592559M
7713:(1989) .
7711:Smyth, AP
7703:0065-101X
7695:1600-0390
7625:162989689
7617:0263-6751
7609:1474-0532
7578:0141-6340
7572:: 49â70.
7462:0332-1592
7454:2034-6506
7425:1393-5259
7400:182393802
7384:0021-1214
7376:2056-4139
7313:0003-5815
7304:1893/2122
7295:1758-5309
7221:McTurk, R
7213:2054-9385
7207:: 51â92.
7170:1833-3419
7092:0020-157X
7084:1745-5219
7055:1526-1867
6987:Sawyer, P
6983:Keynes, S
6933:0332-1592
6925:2034-6506
6863:ignored (
6853:cite book
6833:0885-9159
6794:The Picts
6785:0332-1592
6777:2034-6506
6745:1842/7401
6700:0043-2431
6692:0083-792X
6521:1471-5767
6513:1766-2028
6484:154125108
6476:0304-4181
6468:1873-1279
6430:162103346
6422:1468-0254
6387:0036-9241
6379:1750-0222
6346:0020-157X
6338:1745-5219
6293:(1996) .
6248:1475-5270
6123:0020-157X
6115:1745-5219
6024:2051-6509
5961:0261-9865
5911:1569-1462
5880:0065-101X
5872:1600-0390
5818:0020-157X
5810:1745-5219
5786:Cowan, EJ
5654:2054-9385
5624:0261-9865
5457:0020-157X
5449:1745-5219
5387:(2004a).
5377:159670976
5361:0080-4401
5353:1474-0648
5314:0013-8266
5306:1477-4534
5263:(2009) .
5210:221817027
5202:0081-1564
5194:2056-743X
5161:Alcock, L
5144:0020-157X
5136:1745-5219
5102:24776516M
5018:23286818M
5004:Skene, WF
4990:cite book
4982:19845420M
4968:Evans, JG
4928:cite book
4919:Lat. 4126
4892:Pughe, WO
4868:0036-9241
4860:1750-0222
4829:0885-9159
4742:1 October
4722:1 October
4704:0343-0820
4539:Arnold, T
4531:162902103
4500:14712679M
3499:§ 871.1;
3492:§ 871.1;
3359:§ 872.5;
3316:§ 872.5;
3221:fol. 29r.
3217:Lat. 4126
2810:§ 864.2;
2803:§ 864.2;
2530:§ 871.2;
2483:§ 871.2;
2197:§ 780.1;
2186:§ 780.1;
2009:§ 870.6;
1954:§ 870.6;
1895:pp. 6â7;
1412:§ 872.5;
1405:§ 872.5;
1388:Citations
1291:Lochlainn
1137:Old Welsh
1125:Old Irish
75:Successor
8197:Teudebur
8161:Eugein I
8141:Tutagual
7939:Yorke, B
7844:(1969).
7778:20557344
7735:(1963).
7647:7092809M
7519:(eds.).
7517:Price, N
7392:30008285
7321:18450115
7223:(2006).
6610:Oram, RD
6601:7397531M
6529:27917525
6155:Lynch, M
5648:: 1â20.
5541:ABC-CLIO
5533:Koch, JT
5509:(2013).
5385:Broun, D
5339:: 1â20.
5220:(2004).
5163:(1978).
5110:Woolf, A
5040:7055940M
4944:(1888).
4910:6930827M
4884:Jones, O
4876:25530832
4805:(1996).
4581:cite web
4481:7115802M
4378:p. 335;
4358:p. 129;
4338:p. 52; .
4322:p. 126;
4254:p. 225;
4226:p. 480;
4218:p. 200;
3986:p. 169;
3982:p. 169;
3958:p. 201;
3930:p. 169;
3866:p. 109;
3842:p. 163;
3759:p. 163;
3703:p. 206;
3699:p. 331;
3675:p. 163;
3619:p. 111;
3615:p. 642;
3579:p. 134;
3571:p. 110;
3567:p. 331;
3559:p. 117;
3547:p. 642;
3539:p. 571;
3535:p. 201;
3473:p. 200;
3469:p. 150;
3449:p. 197;
3431:p. 200;
3427:p. 150;
3383:p. 126;
3379:p. 197;
3363:p. 163;
3340:p. 225;
3332:p. 200;
3324:p. 150;
3297:p. 331;
3281:p. 197;
3265:p. 163;
3257:p. 225;
3249:p. 200;
3241:p. 150;
3214:p. 131;
3140:p. 110;
3136:p. 110;
3120:p. 227;
3088:p. 192;
3084:p. 109;
3068:p. 227;
3036:p. 681;
3020:p. 192;
3008:p. 109;
2976:p. 430;
2972:p. 171;
2952:p. 124;
2889:p. 110;
2845:p. 142;
2841:p. 171;
2736:p. 289;
2732:p. 124;
2680:p. 200;
2644:p. 144;
2618:p. 192;
2598:p. 106;
2594:p. 319;
2582:p. 215;
2578:p. 331;
2566:p. 112;
2562:p. 144;
2542:p. 109;
2523:p. 289;
2519:p. 430;
2499:p. 204;
2495:p. 200;
2487:p. 176;
2460:p. 144;
2434:p. 200;
2407:p. 203;
2387:p. 106;
2364:p. 142;
2321:p. 259;
2317:p. 203;
2297:p. 106;
2293:p. 203;
2289:p. 200;
2273:p. 106;
2249:p. 203;
2233:p. 480;
2229:p. 200;
2167:p. 200;
2123:p. 142;
2097:p. 192;
2077:p. 301;
2073:p. 106;
2061:p. 321;
2057:p. 215;
2049:p. 331;
2037:p. 112;
2033:p. 245;
2017:p. 109;
2002:p. 430;
1978:p. 480;
1974:p. 203;
1970:p. 200;
1891:p. 101;
1840:p. 101;
1836:p. 162;
1824:p. 150;
1808:p. 288;
1788:p. 162;
1776:p. 150;
1731:p. 110;
1691:p. 134;
1679:p. 110;
1663:p. 201;
1380:Ireland.
1216:prĂmscĂ©l
581:Ancestry
427:and the
421:portages
261:Alt Clut
229:Dunblane
134:Alt Clut
129:in 849.
127:Dunblane
8317:Dyfnwal
8307:Dyfnwal
8301:Eochaid
8289:Arthgal
8227:Arthgal
8192:Beli II
8151:Neithon
8136:Clinoch
8103:British
7945:(ed.).
7496:(ed.).
7434:Peritia
6989:(ed.).
6905:Peritia
6843:23 June
6756:Peritia
6711:(ed.).
6577:(ed.).
6157:(ed.).
5535:(ed.).
5410:13 June
5369:3679110
4964:RhĆ·s, J
4394:p. 41;
4370:p. 52;
4354:p. 41;
4326:p. 41;
4278:ch. 2;
4222:p. 28;
4186:p. 73;
4126:p. 101.
4118:p. 80;
4094:p. 77;
4022:p. 112.
3998:p. 32;
3978:p. 73;
3902:p. 18;
3870:p. 81;
3862:p. 28;
3667:ch. 8;
3655:ch. 8;
3651:ch. 3;
3647:p. 60;
3587:p. 21;
3583:p. 72;
3551:p. 28;
3465:p. 60;
3445:§ 872;
3438:§ 872;
3423:p. 60;
3411:p. 304.
3403:p. 60;
3395:p. 12;
3387:p. 41;
3348:p. 28;
3344:p. 29;
3320:p. 60;
3289:p. 12;
3261:p. 29;
3237:p. 60;
3210:p. 65;
3178:p. 332.
3166:§ 400;
3159:§ 400;
3124:p. 248.
3104:p. 54;
3096:p. 66;
3048:p. 54;
3032:p. 66;
2996:p. 124.
2944:p. 49;
2908:p. 110.
2865:p. 171.
2861:ch. 3;
2849:p. 110.
2829:p. 541.
2784:p. 12;
2776:ch. 2;
2764:ch. 3;
2752:p. 321.
2744:p. 88;
2740:p. 23;
2664:p. 59;
2660:p. 51;
2648:p. 12;
2640:p. 88;
2632:§ 393;
2625:§ 393;
2570:p. 12;
2558:p. 10;
2554:p. 33;
2550:p. 34;
2534:p. 80;
2507:p. 23;
2476:p. 49;
2452:p. 80;
2448:§ 871;
2441:§ 871;
2422:p. 200.
2391:p. 302.
2383:p. 50;
2379:p. 12;
2375:§ 388;
2368:p. 88;
2360:§ 388;
2337:p. 203.
2305:p. 655.
2277:p. 302.
2269:p. 10;
2257:p. 12;
2253:p. 16;
2205:p. 106.
2201:p. 10;
2190:p. 29;
2155:p. 302.
2151:p. 10;
2147:p. 50;
2143:p. 50;
2131:p. 12;
2127:p. 88;
2119:§ 388;
2112:§ 388;
2101:p. 23;
2053:p. 50;
2041:p. 12;
2029:p. 34;
2021:p. 88;
1986:p. 71;
1982:p. 17;
1923:p. 162.
1911:p. 448.
1903:p. 57;
1864:p. 52;
1860:p. 12;
1800:p. 12;
1780:p. 53;
1735:p. 12;
1671:p. 29;
1631:p. 133.
1271:Ingware
1265:by the
1131:Arthgal
1097:Arthgal
563:Glasgow
513:Partick
409:Lothian
389:rĂ Gall
356:Pictish
352:British
348:English
233:Pictish
167:Partick
158:English
154:Pictish
150:British
146:Vikings
123:Pictish
8156:Beli I
8126:Cinuit
8101:: the
8015:
7986:
7978:
7953:
7927:
7896:
7877:
7830:
7813:
7805:
7776:
7768:
7751:
7721:
7701:
7693:
7662:
7645:
7623:
7615:
7607:
7576:
7566:Nomina
7546:
7527:
7504:
7481:
7460:
7452:
7423:
7398:
7390:
7382:
7374:
7340:
7319:
7311:
7293:
7247:
7211:
7168:
7141:
7090:
7082:
7053:
7024:
6997:
6971:
6931:
6923:
6892:
6831:
6821:
6800:
6783:
6775:
6723:
6698:
6690:
6642:
6620:
6599:
6589:
6556:
6527:
6519:
6511:
6482:
6474:
6466:
6428:
6420:
6385:
6377:
6344:
6336:
6305:
6279:
6246:
6219:
6188:
6169:
6142:
6121:
6113:
6078:
6061:
6051:
6022:
6012:
5980:
5959:
5949:
5909:
5899:
5878:
5870:
5837:
5816:
5808:
5774:
5768:5 July
5734:
5715:
5696:
5673:
5652:
5622:
5612:
5585:
5566:
5547:
5517:
5495:
5476:
5455:
5447:
5416:
5375:
5367:
5359:
5351:
5322:551018
5320:
5312:
5304:
5249:
5243:5 July
5208:
5200:
5192:
5142:
5134:
5100:
5038:
5016:
4980:
4922:. n.d.
4908:
4874:
4866:
4858:
4827:
4817:
4791:
4702:
4635:
4607:. 2012
4529:
4498:
4479:
4382:p. 85.
4258:p. 73.
4198:p. 8;
4162:p. 5;
3934:p. 40.
3906:p. 90.
3878:p. 90.
3850:p. 52.
3747:p. 52.
3695:§ 38;
3623:p. 13.
3599:p. 15.
3563:§ 38;
3515:p. 29.
3497:(2008)
3490:(2017)
3443:(2010)
3436:(2012)
3407:p. 7;
3357:(2008)
3314:(2017)
3293:§ 38;
3219:(n.d.)
3164:(2008)
3157:(2010)
2984:p. 21.
2960:p. 51.
2893:p. 18.
2815:(n.d.)
2808:(2008)
2801:(2017)
2716:p. 88.
2630:(2008)
2623:(2010)
2574:§ 38;
2528:(2008)
2481:(2017)
2446:(2010)
2439:(2012)
2418:p. 50
2412:(2012)
2373:(2008)
2358:(2010)
2225:§ 19;
2195:(2008)
2184:(2017)
2117:(2008)
2110:(2010)
2065:p. 6;
2045:§ 38;
2007:(2008)
1952:(2017)
1935:p. 49.
1764:p. 12.
1747:p. 15.
1707:p. 15.
1695:p. 7;
1417:(n.d.)
1410:(2008)
1403:(2017)
1298:Norway
1167:Artgal
1143:Arthal
1119:Artgal
1111:, and
1095:, and
1093:Arthal
1089:Artgal
413:Dublin
387:title
385:Gaelic
377:AmlaĂb
354:, and
338:, the
293:AmlaĂb
269:AmlaĂb
192:Family
156:, and
138:AmlaĂb
97:Father
8335:Owain
8312:Owain
8202:Rotri
8182:Elfin
8177:Guret
8017:Died:
7976:eISSN
7849:(PDF)
7803:eISSN
7774:JSTOR
7691:eISSN
7621:S2CID
7605:eISSN
7562:(PDF)
7450:eISSN
7396:S2CID
7388:JSTOR
7372:eISSN
7317:S2CID
7291:eISSN
7228:(PDF)
7197:(PDF)
7080:eISSN
6921:eISSN
6886:29â59
6773:eISSN
6688:eISSN
6573:. In
6525:JSTOR
6509:eISSN
6480:S2CID
6464:eISSN
6442:(PDF)
6426:S2CID
6418:eISSN
6375:eISSN
6334:eISSN
6203:. In
6111:eISSN
5893:Brill
5868:eISSN
5806:eISSN
5636:(PDF)
5445:eISSN
5373:S2CID
5365:JSTOR
5349:eISSN
5318:JSTOR
5302:eISSN
5206:S2CID
5190:eISSN
5168:(PDF)
5132:eISSN
4872:JSTOR
4856:eISSN
4772:(PDF)
4758:(PDF)
4567:. n.d
4527:S2CID
2788:p. 7.
1868:p. 7.
1812:p. 8.
1157:*
1075:Notes
528:Govan
509:Govan
163:Govan
54:Reign
8295:Rhun
8233:Rhun
8047:872
7984:ISSN
7951:ISBN
7925:ISBN
7894:ISBN
7875:ISBN
7828:ISBN
7811:ISSN
7766:ISSN
7719:ISBN
7699:ISSN
7660:ISBN
7613:ISSN
7574:ISSN
7544:ISBN
7525:ISBN
7502:ISBN
7479:ISBN
7458:ISSN
7421:ISSN
7380:ISSN
7338:ISBN
7309:ISSN
7245:ISBN
7209:ISSN
7166:ISSN
7139:ISBN
7088:ISSN
7051:ISSN
7022:ISBN
6995:ISBN
6969:ISBN
6929:ISSN
6890:ISBN
6865:help
6845:2019
6829:ISSN
6819:ISBN
6798:ISBN
6781:ISSN
6721:ISBN
6696:ISSN
6640:ISBN
6618:ISBN
6587:ISBN
6583:9â37
6554:ISBN
6517:ISSN
6472:ISSN
6383:ISSN
6342:ISSN
6303:ISBN
6277:ISBN
6244:ISSN
6217:ISBN
6186:ISBN
6167:ISBN
6140:ISBN
6119:ISSN
6076:ISBN
6059:LCCN
6049:ISBN
6020:ISSN
6010:ISBN
5978:ISBN
5957:ISSN
5947:ISBN
5907:ISSN
5897:ISBN
5876:ISSN
5835:ISBN
5814:ISSN
5770:2011
5732:ISBN
5713:ISBN
5694:ISBN
5671:ISBN
5650:ISSN
5620:ISSN
5610:ISBN
5583:ISBN
5564:ISBN
5545:ISBN
5515:ISBN
5493:ISBN
5474:ISBN
5453:ISSN
5412:2016
5357:ISSN
5310:ISSN
5245:2011
5198:ISSN
5140:ISSN
5080:2017
5060:2017
4996:link
4934:link
4864:ISSN
4825:ISSN
4815:ISBN
4789:ISBN
4744:2015
4724:2015
4700:ISSN
4679:2017
4659:2017
4633:ISBN
4613:2017
4587:link
4573:2017
1282:The
616:16.
573:and
511:and
484:Rhun
474:and
458:): "
417:York
415:and
327:well
315:and
297:Ămar
295:and
273:Ămar
271:and
182:Rhun
165:and
142:Ămar
140:and
89:Died
8019:872
7917:doi
7795:doi
7683:doi
7597:doi
7442:doi
7364:doi
7299:hdl
7283:doi
7072:doi
6950:hdl
6913:doi
6765:doi
6740:hdl
6680:doi
6546:doi
6456:doi
6410:doi
6367:doi
6326:doi
6103:doi
6041:doi
5928:hdl
5860:doi
5798:doi
5759:doi
5437:doi
5401:doi
5341:doi
5294:doi
5234:doi
5182:doi
5178:107
5124:doi
4848:doi
4519:doi
1139:),
1127:),
805:2.
697:4.
643:8.
526:at
92:872
60:872
8378::
7982:.
7970:.
7923:.
7859:31
7857:.
7851:.
7809:.
7801:.
7791:95
7789:.
7772:.
7749:OL
7747:.
7697:.
7689:.
7679:79
7677:.
7643:OL
7619:.
7611:.
7603:.
7591:.
7570:16
7568:.
7564:.
7456:.
7448:.
7438:12
7436:.
7419:.
7415:.
7411:.
7394:.
7386:.
7378:.
7370:.
7360:21
7358:.
7336:.
7315:.
7307:.
7297:.
7289:.
7279:88
7277:.
7262:.
7203:.
7199:.
7162:20
7160:.
7156:.
7126:25
7124:.
7120:.
7109:24
7107:.
7103:.
7086:.
7078:.
7068:37
7066:.
7049:.
7047:16
7045:.
7039:.
7020:.
6948:.
6927:.
6919:.
6907:.
6888:.
6857::
6855:}}
6851:{{
6827:.
6779:.
6771:.
6759:.
6694:.
6686:.
6676:28
6674:.
6597:OL
6595:.
6585:.
6552:.
6540:.
6523:.
6515:.
6505:26
6503:.
6478:.
6470:.
6462:.
6452:41
6450:.
6444:.
6424:.
6416:.
6406:23
6404:.
6398:.
6381:.
6373:.
6363:93
6361:.
6357:.
6340:.
6332:.
6322:49
6320:.
6301:.
6259:.
6240:14
6238:.
6234:.
6161:.
6117:.
6109:.
6099:49
6097:.
6093:.
6057:.
6047:.
6039:.
6018:.
5976:.
5955:.
5926:.
5905:.
5874:.
5866:.
5856:71
5854:.
5833:.
5812:.
5804:.
5794:32
5792:.
5751:.
5692:.
5669:.
5646:11
5644:.
5638:.
5618:.
5472:.
5451:.
5443:.
5433:55
5431:.
5393:.
5371:.
5363:.
5355:.
5347:.
5337:29
5335:.
5316:.
5308:.
5300:.
5290:33
5288:.
5282:.
5269:.
5226:.
5204:.
5196:.
5188:.
5176:.
5170:.
5138:.
5130:.
5120:49
5118:.
5098:OL
5070:.
5050:.
5036:OL
5014:OL
4992:}}
4988:{{
4978:OL
4966:;
4954:.
4948:.
4930:}}
4926:{{
4906:OL
4904:.
4890:;
4886:;
4870:.
4862:.
4854:.
4844:77
4842:.
4823:.
4813:.
4787:.
4734:.
4714:.
4694:.
4690:.
4669:.
4649:.
4631:.
4597:.
4583:}}
4579:{{
4563:.
4559:.
4525:.
4515:18
4513:.
4496:OL
4477:OL
4475:.
4427:^
4238:;
4194:;
4146:;
4142:;
4122:;
4098:;
4018:;
4014:;
3994:;
3990:;
3946:;
3874:;
3846:;
3810:;
3768:^
3743:;
3683:;
3679:;
3371:;
3367:;
3273:;
3269:;
3194:;
3112:;
3060:;
3040:;
2898:^
2546:;
2025:;
1873:^
1844:;
1752:^
1675:;
1591:;
1563:;
1559:;
1555:;
1551:;
1547:;
1543:;
1539:;
1535:;
1531:;
1527:;
1523:;
1519:;
1515:;
1511:;
1507:;
1503:;
1499:;
1495:;
1491:;
1475:;
1471:;
1455:;
1451:;
1447:;
1443:;
1439:;
1435:;
1431:;
1107:,
1103:,
1091:,
482:.
466:".
350:,
188:.
173:.
152:,
41:).
8269:e
8262:t
8255:v
8091:e
8084:t
8077:v
8045:Ă
7990:.
7972:3
7959:.
7933:.
7919::
7902:.
7883:.
7836:.
7817:.
7797::
7780:.
7755:.
7727:.
7705:.
7685::
7668:.
7649:.
7627:.
7599::
7593:9
7580:.
7552:.
7533:.
7510:.
7487:.
7464:.
7444::
7427:.
7417:2
7402:.
7366::
7346:.
7323:.
7301::
7285::
7253:.
7215:.
7205:8
7187:.
7172:.
7147:.
7094:.
7074::
7057:.
7030:.
7003:.
6977:.
6958:.
6952::
6935:.
6915::
6909:9
6898:.
6867:)
6847:.
6806:.
6787:.
6767::
6761:5
6748:.
6742::
6729:.
6702:.
6682::
6663:.
6648:.
6626:.
6603:.
6562:.
6548::
6531:.
6486:.
6458::
6432:.
6412::
6389:.
6369::
6348:.
6328::
6311:.
6285:.
6250:.
6225:.
6194:.
6175:.
6148:.
6125:.
6105::
6084:.
6065:.
6043::
6026:.
5986:.
5963:.
5936:.
5930::
5913:.
5882:.
5862::
5843:.
5820:.
5800::
5772:.
5761::
5740:.
5721:.
5702:.
5679:.
5656:.
5626:.
5591:.
5572:.
5553:.
5523:.
5501:.
5482:.
5459:.
5439::
5414:.
5403::
5379:.
5343::
5324:.
5296::
5273:.
5247:.
5236::
5212:.
5184::
5146:.
5126::
5104:.
5082:.
5062:.
5042:.
5020:.
4998:)
4984:.
4956:9
4936:)
4912:.
4878:.
4850::
4831:.
4797:.
4746:.
4726:.
4706:.
4681:.
4661:.
4641:.
4615:.
4589:)
4575:.
4551:.
4533:.
4521::
4502:.
4483:.
3890:.
3830:.
3198:.
2817:.
1619:.
1607:.
1595:.
1579:.
1567:.
1479:.
1459:.
1419:.
1359:(
1333:.
1304:.
1243:.
1230:.
1147:(
1135:(
1123:(
275:.
58:Ă
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
