395:. If Rhun succeeded Arthgalâas seems likelyâit is uncertain how long he outlived him. Although the circumstances surrounding Arthgal's assassination are unknown, the familial relationship between CausantĂn and Rhun could be evidence that Arthgal's demise was orchestrated to allow Rhun to gain the throne. One possibility is that Rhun had been exiled from his father's realm, and had been living at the Pictish royal court when his father's realm was overcome by AmlaĂb and Ămar. This could mean that CausantĂn acted to offset any rival Rhun had in regard to the British kingship. Conversely, if there was no strife between Rhun and Arthgal, CausantĂn's actions against the latter may have been carried out in the context of an intrusive and aggressive neighbour. Arthgal's elimination may have been carried out in the context of an attempt by CausantĂn to capitalise upon the political turmoil wrought by the Viking onslaught.
362:
457:
502:
215:
298:
31:
498:âwhere he overcame the "king of the Britons of the green mantles". Although it is possible that the unnamed king in question was Arthgalâwhich could in turn cast light upon this man's demiseâanother possibility is that the prophecy refers to Rhun himself. If Rhun is indeed the prophecy's mantled monarch, his conflict with CausantĂn may have occurred in the aftermath of his father's demise, and may have been undertaken in an attempt to ensure his kingdom's independence from Pictish overlordship.
169:
399:
562:
423:. If so, it could explain CausantĂn's role in Arthgal's demise, and could explain why his brother-in-law (or future brother-in-law) eventually succeeded to the throne. In any event, Arthgal's elimination at CausantĂn's instigation would appear to have rid the latter of a neighbouring adversary, and would have also increased his own authority and reputation.
601:. If CausantĂn indeed enjoyed overlordship of Strathclyde at this date, Rhun could have fallen alongside him as a supporting vassal. It is likewise unknown who succeeded to the kingship of Strathclyde. If Rhun and CausantĂn both died in 876, Eochaid could well have inherited the British kingship in their absence. Certainly, CausantĂn's brother,
245:, Rhun was married to a daughter of CinĂĄed. This alliance may have been contracted between the Britons and Picts as a way of repairing international relations following the attack on Dunblane in 849. Rhun is the last listed king in the Harleian pedigree. This could indicate that the genealogy was originally compiled during his
553:. This northern campaigning by HĂĄlfdan could have been conducted in the context of the insular Scandinavians not only avenging AmlaĂb's killing but of regaining Ămar's authority in the region. At any rate, these clashes with the Britons seem to show that the Kingdom of Strathclyde was not permanently subjected.
149:. Either Rhun or his father could have been the first kings of Strathclyde. In the years following the fall of Alt Clut, Rhun's realm may have endured periods of Pictish and Viking overlordship. Despite his kinship with the Pictish king, there is reason to suspect that the two clashed at some point.
447:
in consequence of its reorientation towards Ystrat Clut (Strathclyde), the valley of the River Clyde. Arthgal himself is styled King of the
Strathclyde Britons upon his death in 872âthe first use of this terminology by Irish sources. Although it is possible that Arthgal ultimately met his end in
636:("governor" or "king-maker") of the former, before both men were expelled from office. One possibility is that Giric indeed succeeded Ăed, and that Eochaid succeeded Rhun. Another possibility is that Giric and Eochaid jointly succeeded Ăed, with Giric holding a more senior position (as the
211:. The razing of Dunblane could be evidence that the Kingdom of Alt Clut was in the process of extending its authority at the expense of the Pictish regime. If so, the British kings would appear to have seized upon the chaos wrought by contemporaneous Viking attacks upon the Picts.
442:
The relocation is partly exemplified by a shift in royal terminology. Until the fall of Alt Clut, for example, the rulers of the realm were styled after the fortress; whereas following the loss of this site, the
Kingdom of Alt Clut came to be known as the
402:
The early mediaeval
Jordanhill Cross, an example of the so-called 'Govan School' of sculpture that incorporates Celtic and Scandinavian artistry. Several dozen stone monuments make up this collection, perhaps the most significant assemblage of
439:. Whilst Govanâseated on the Southern bank of the River Clydeâappears to have been utilised by Arthgal and Rhun's eighth-century predecessors, Partickâsituated on the Northern bankâcould well have been used at least a century earlier.
533:
styles him "king of the
Northmen of all Ireland and Britain", a title that may partly exemplify Viking overlordship of regions inhabited by the Picts, Strathclyde Britons, and the Welsh. In 875, seemingly during Rhun's reign, the
426:
Although the
Harleian pedigree identifies the listed rulers as those of the Kingdom of Alt Clut, it is apparent that one aftereffect of the destruction of the eponymous fortress was that the capital of the realm shifted up the
448:
Ireland at the hands of his Viking captors, this title could instead be evidence that he had briefly ruled the new
Kingdom of Strathclyde. Either he or Rhun could have been the first monarch to rule this reconstructed realm.
538:
reports that the Picts suffered a devastating loss to insular
Scandinavians at Dollar after which the invaders are said to have occupied the vicinity for one year. This Viking conquestâseemingly corroborated by the
7111:
347:
reveal that AmlaĂb and Ămar returned to
Ireland with a fleet of two hundred ships, and a mass of captives composed of English, Britons, and Picts. The exportation of these people to Ireland is also attested by
152:
It is unknown when Rhun's reign came to an end or when he died. One possibility is that he fell with
CausantĂn, who seems to have been killed warring against the Vikings in 876. Certainly, Rhun's son,
640:
appears to evince). Whilst
Eochaid's maternal AlpĂnid ancestry could well have ensured him a claim to the Pictish throne, the ancestry of Giric is uncertain. Another son of Rhun could have been
488:. According to this source, CausantĂn won four victories over his enemies. Whilst the first three victories are stated to have been won against Vikings, the fourth is described as that of
579:
It is uncertain when Rhun's reign and life ended. One possibility is that Rhun died in 876, when CausantĂn seems to have been slain by Vikings. CausantĂn's death is dated to 876 by the
5326:
126:, after which Arthgal and his family may have been amongst the mass of prisoners taken back to Ireland. Two years later Arthgal is recorded to have been slain at the behest of
130:. The circumstances surrounding this regicide are unknown. The fact that Rhun seems to have been CausantĂn's brother-in-law could account for CausantĂn's interference in the
8131:
361:
8052:
392:
127:
277:
as Din Guoaroy could indicate that DĂșn Guaire too refers to Bamburgh. Another possibility is that DĂșn Guaire refers to one of two similarly-named sites in the
5489:
456:
7874:
529:
is to be believed, AmlaĂb was killed by CausantĂn in 872/874/875, whilst in the midst of extracting tribute from the Picts. Upon Ămar's death in 873, the
204:
6494:"Cultural Contacts and Ethnic Origins in Viking Age Wales and Northern Britain: The Case of Albanus, Britain's First Inhabitant and Scottish Ancestor"
4673:
501:
8166:
176:
Rhun's patrilineal ancestry is evidenced by a pedigree preserved within a collection of tenth-century Welsh genealogical material known as the
6795:
7764:
7734:
7703:
7662:
7402:
7371:
7211:
6784:
6653:
6631:
6339:
6317:
6153:
6114:
6082:
6051:
5907:
5888:
5865:
5842:
5811:
5716:
5675:
5318:
4774:
7087:"The Dubh Gall in Southern Scotland: The Politics of Northumbria, Dublin, and the Community of St Cuthbert in the Viking Age, c. 870â950 CE"
7133:
183:
6719:
Language, History and Onomastics in Medieval Cumbria: An Analysis of the Generative Usage of the Cumbric Habitative Generics Cair and Tref
8113:
6550:; Driscoll, S; Forsyth, K; Gallagher, D; Holden, T; Hunter, F; Sanderson, D; Thoms, J (2004). "Dundonald Castle Excavations, 1986â93".
8045:
6244:
305:
occupied Alt Clut ("the rock of the Clyde"). The mediaeval citadel that sat atop this geological formation formed the capital of the
7684:
7581:
7499:
7348:
7075:
6998:
6878:
6805:
6608:
6361:
6180:
5970:
5784:
5765:
5746:
5694:
5410:
5253:
5191:
5124:
4996:
4970:
609:, and ruled as such upon his death two years later. Whilst it is possible that the Pictish kingship was then assumed by a certain
214:
8171:
6896:
5925:
5593:
5553:
5374:
7867:
7141:
Oram, RD (2008). "Royal and Lordly Residence in Scotland c 1050 to c 1250: An Historiographical Review and Critical Revision".
7117:
6455:
6252:
6105:. Celtic, Anglo-Saxon, and Scandinavian Studies. Aberdeen: Centre for Anglo-Saxon Studies and The Centre for Celtic Studies,
195:
8038:
7442:
5416:
4875:
4702:
343:
6295:. Resource Assessment of Local History and Archaeology in West Central Scotland. Glasgow: Glasgow Museums. pp. 1â15.
8119:
8091:
8061:
7883:
7824:
641:
87:
6866:
6641:
6501:
289:), In any event, the association of Rhun's wife with the fort could be evidence that she had been previously married.
160:, King of the Picts, after 878. Whether Eochaid's succession reflects the end of Eochaid's reign and life is unknown.
219:
1291:
uncovered in Britain, may have been associated with the campaigning of Ămar or HĂĄlfdan against the northern Britons.
8096:
7860:
7591:
Valante, MA (1998â1999). "Taxation, Tolls and Tribute: The Language of Economics and Trade in Viking-Age Ireland".
7382:
6137:
5962:
5795:
5667:
5016:
4789:
4766:
561:
354:, a ninth-century German source. The captives could have been meant for ransom, or may have been intended for the
7991:
7553:
6349:
5430:
5363:
1313:
Eochaid's maternal ancestry may be exemplified by the name he bore. There is no known British form of the Gaelic
7221:
8006:
7971:
7672:
6958:
6680:
5077:
4858:
4750:
764:
208:
6371:
Durkan, J (1998). "Cadder and Environs, and the Development of the Church in Glasgow in the Twelfth Century".
203:, an ecclesiastical centre seated on the southern Pictish border. This attack took place during the reign of
7915:
7143:
6024:
5834:
4941:
4794:
1243:
1238:
373:, two Irish-based Viking kings, as they appear on folio 25v of Oxford Bodleian Library Rawlinson B 489 (the
30:
6042:
Davies, JR (2009). "Bishop Kentigern Among the Britons". In Boardman, S; Davies, JR; Williamson, E (eds.).
4830:
4720:
8001:
6106:
6074:
5704:
4758:
4728:
4636:
710:
444:
420:
416:
263:
146:
7008:
Macquarrie, A (1986). "The Career of Saint Kentigern of Glasgow: Vitae, Lectiones and Glimpses of Fact".
6310:
Ancient Lives: Object, People and Place in Early Scotland. Essays for David V Clarke on his 70th Birthday
1162:. Likewise since the 1990s, academics have accorded Rhun various patronyms in English secondary sources:
7996:
6936:
1227:
Alt Clut had evidently been the principal stronghold of the Strathclyde Britons since the fifth century.
684:
624:, however, states that Eochaid and Giric shared the kingship between themselves, and that Giric was the
549:
511:
602:
157:
4867:
8107:
7981:
7945:
7925:
7887:
7852:
7843:
7756:
7359:
6644:(2012). "Warfare in Northern Britain, c. 500â1093". In Spiers, EM; Crang, JA; Strickland, MJ (eds.).
6592:
5134:
1284:
1201:
566:
258:
224:
178:
153:
131:
82:
37:
6092:
Downham, C (2011). "Viking Identities in Ireland: It's not all Black and White". In Duffy, S (ed.).
5980:
Crawford, BE (2000). "The Scandinavian Contribution to the Development of the Kingdom of Scotland".
1199:
The triumphant return of AmlaĂb and Ămar with their prisoners is also reported by the reconstructed
7976:
7935:
7920:
7806:
7413:
6820:
1251:
1154:
Since the 1990s, academics have accorded Rhun various personal names in English secondary sources:
547:
against the Picts and Strathclyde Britons in 875/876, as recorded by the ninth- to twelfth-century
355:
314:
306:
302:
138:
119:
111:
53:
7066:
Macquarrie, A (1998) . "The Kings of Strathclyde, c. 400â1018". In Grant, A; Stringer, KJ (eds.).
6493:
415:
under AmlaĂb and Ămar. Certainly, the Vikings utilised royal puppets in the conquered kingdoms of
297:
8073:
8011:
7940:
7910:
7792:
7718:
7633:
7604:
7526:
7487:
7475:
7459:
7319:
7265:
7257:
7241:
7186:
7160:
7025:
6971:
6837:
6755:
6697:
6670:
6575:
6559:
6534:
6518:
6480:
6472:
6429:
6388:
6211:
5999:
5982:
5726:
5642:
5530:
5522:
5506:
5463:
5447:
5343:
5285:
5085:
5071:
5049:
5033:
4690:
872:
544:
506:
461:
331:
318:
269:
115:
63:
7086:
6989:
Kelly, E; Maas, J (1999). "The Vikings and the Kingdom of Laois". In Lane, PG; Nolan, W (eds.).
250:
6870:
6858:
5140:
Chronicles of the Picts, Chronicles of the Scots, and Other Early Memorials of Scottish History
484:("king of the Britons"). Hostility between Rhun and his brother-in-law may be evidenced by the
7986:
7966:
7961:
7760:
7730:
7699:
7680:
7658:
7641:
7596:
7577:
7534:
7495:
7467:
7428:
7398:
7367:
7344:
7327:
7290:
7249:
7207:
7203:
7178:
7098:
7071:
7033:
6994:
6952:
6874:
6811:
6801:
6780:
6763:
6705:
6649:
6627:
6604:
6567:
6526:
6437:
6396:
6357:
6335:
6313:
6275:
6248:
6219:
6176:
6159:
6149:
6120:
6110:
6078:
6057:
6047:
6007:
5966:
5903:
5884:
5861:
5838:
5817:
5807:
5803:
5794:
Clancy, TO (2009). "The Cults of Saints Patrick and Palladius in Early Medieval Scotland". In
5780:
5761:
5742:
5712:
5690:
5671:
5650:
5514:
5455:
5351:
5293:
5249:
5241:
5187:
5120:
5041:
5002:
4992:
4966:
4962:
4879:
4852:
4770:
4744:
4626:
1255:
606:
350:
187:
74:
7358:Ă CorrĂĄin, D (2006) . "Ireland, Scotland and Wales, c.700 to the Early Eleventh Century". In
8101:
7748:
7722:
7625:
7518:
7451:
7386:
7311:
7233:
7168:
7152:
7017:
6975:
6901:
6747:
6722:
6689:
6596:
6510:
6464:
6421:
6380:
6203:
6141:
6028:
5991:
5930:
5634:
5598:
5558:
5498:
5475:
5439:
5379:
5335:
5277:
5268:
5156:
5103:
5025:
4931:
4712:
4682:
466:
375:
366:
337:
322:
7713:
Woolf, A (2010). "Reporting Scotland in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle". In Jorgensen, A (ed.).
7058:
509:
as it appears on folio 131v of British Library Cotton Tiberius B I (the "C" version of the
8085:
7905:
7569:
7557:
7394:
6928:
6849:
6305:
5880:
5857:
5166:
5144:
4988:
4980:
4945:
4835:
4659:
4640:
620:
is to be believed, Eochaid ruled as king until he was expelled and replaced by Giric. The
274:
7547:
4872:
Scriptores Rerum Germanicarum in Usum Scholarum Ex Monumentis Germaniae Historicus Recusi
4630:
267:
describes Eochaid as "the son of the woman from DĂșn Guaire". The fact that ninth-century
7677:
A Biographical Dictionary of Dark Age Britain: England, Scotland and Wales, c.500âc.1050
6991:
Laois, History & Society: Interdisciplinary Essays on the History of an Irish County
6664:
6101:
Downham, C (2013). "Annals, Armies, and Artistry: 'The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle', 865â96".
5160:
329:, following a naval blockade of four months. In the following year, the twelfth-century
35:
Rhun's title as it appears on folio 29r of Paris BibliothĂšque Nationale Latin 4126 (the
7930:
6327:
5221:
5201:
141:
appears to have brought about a reorientation of the kingdom towards the valley of the
6450:
6409:
5995:
4911:
4891:
4810:
4784:
168:
8160:
7744:
7522:
7479:
7269:
6968:
The Scandinavian Trade Network in the Early Viking Age: Kaupang and Dublin in Context
6547:
6538:
6484:
5534:
5406:
5314:
5138:
4935:
4694:
7190:
7046:
6600:
644:, who ruled the Kingdom of Strathclyde into the second decade of the tenth century.
411:
Another possibility is that, following the conquest of Alt Clut, Arthgal ruled as a
7339:Ă CorrĂĄin, D (2001) . "Ireland, Wales, Man, and the Hebrides". In Sawyer, P (ed.).
7113:
Migration and Acculturation: The Impact of the Norse on Eastern England, c. 865â900
6619:
6236:
5730:
5625:
Broun, D (2004c). "The Welsh Identity of the Kingdom of Strathclyde c.900âc.1200".
5542:
5443:
5089:
282:
7302:Ă CorrĂĄin, D (1998b). "The Vikings in Scotland and Ireland in the Ninth Century".
7128:(1976). "Ragnarr LoĂ°brĂłk in the Irish Annals?". In Almqvist, B; Greene, D (eds.).
6920:
6514:
5949:
5617:
5577:
5398:
4878:: Scriptores Rerum Germanicarum in Usum Scholarum Separatim Editi. Hanover: Hahn.
5061:
4706:
1304:
also associates CausantĂn's death with a place name that may refer to Inverdovat.
7698:. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
7387:
7125:
5412:
A Welsh Classical Dictionary: People in History and Legend up to About A.D. 1000
5116:
5094:
1247:
428:
412:
142:
6905:
5934:
5602:
4653:
1919:
chs. genealogical tables, introduction ¶ 12, 2 ¶ 35â36, 4 ¶ 44, 8 ¶ 23, 9 ¶ 4;
474:
Rhun's reign probably commenced not long after his father's death, in 872. The
8125:
7455:
7237:
7156:
6890:
6384:
5919:
5664:
Scottish Independence and the Idea of Britain: From the Picts to Alexander III
5638:
5587:
5562:
5383:
5281:
5263:
5029:
404:
7645:
7637:
7600:
7538:
7530:
7471:
7463:
7432:
7331:
7323:
7294:
7253:
7245:
7182:
7164:
7102:
7037:
7029:
6815:
6767:
6759:
6709:
6701:
6571:
6563:
6530:
6522:
6476:
6441:
6433:
6400:
6392:
6279:
6223:
6215:
6207:
6124:
6061:
6011:
6003:
5821:
5654:
5646:
5547:
5518:
5510:
5459:
5451:
5368:
5355:
5347:
5339:
5297:
5289:
5045:
5037:
5006:
4883:
4686:
464:, as it appears on folio 25v of Oxford Bodleian Library Rawlinson B 489 (the
222:, as it appears on folio 29v of Paris BibliothĂšque Nationale Latin 4126 (the
7891:
7726:
7561:
7021:
6046:. Studies in Celtic History. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. pp. 66â90.
5183:
5148:
4949:
4663:
358:. It is possible that Arthgal and his family were amongst those imprisoned.
7616:
Wadden, P (2016). "DĂĄl Riata c. 1000: Genealogies and Irish Sea Politics".
6289:"In Search of the Northern Britons in the Early Historic Era (AD 400â1100)"
5487:
Brooks, NP (1979). "England in the Ninth Century: The Crucible of Defeat".
5170:
4985:
Prophecy of BerchĂĄn: Irish and Scottish High-Kings of the Early Middle Ages
4644:
398:
7629:
7278:
6425:
6145:
591:, whilst several king-lists locate his demise to a place variously called
569:, as it appears on folio 29r of Paris BibliothĂšque Nationale Latin 4126: "
7315:
6751:
6736:
Holm, P (1986). "The Slave Trade of Dublin, Ninth to Twelfth Centuries".
5738:
278:
200:
7608:
7440:
Pelteret, D (1980). "Slave Raiding and Slave Trading in Early England".
7261:
6693:
6579:
5053:
8030:
7753:
A Companion to the Early Middle Ages: Britain and Ireland, c.500âc.1100
6980:
6738:
6468:
5526:
5319:"A multi-disciplinary chronology for Alt Clut, Castle Roack, Dumbarton"
495:
436:
370:
326:
246:
123:
118:, King of Alt Clut. In 870, during the latter's reign, the fortress of
7366:. Vol. 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 43â63.
6071:
Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ăvarr to A.D. 1014
6033:
5467:
7173:
6727:
5687:
Pictish Sourcebook: Documents of Medieval Legend and Dark Age History
5090:"The Annales CambriĂŠ and Old-Welsh Genealogies From Harleian MS 3859"
588:
7130:
Proceedings of the Seventh Viking Congress: Dublin 15â21 August 1973
6293:
Essays on the Local History and Archaeology of West Central Scotland
5689:. Documentary Reference Collections. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
5502:
5425:
597:, an otherwise uncertain location that could refer to Inverdovat in
6301:
7490:(2001) . "The Age of the Vikings and Before". In Sawyer, P (ed.).
6678:
Guy, B (2016). "The Textual History of the Harleian Genealogies".
6288:
6263:
6163:
1288:
610:
560:
500:
455:
432:
397:
360:
296:
286:
213:
167:
6666:
Contextualizing the Vikings in Anglo-Saxon History and Literature
6232:
6191:
4711:. Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ăvi Scriptores. Vol. 2. London:
7812:
7715:
Reading the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: Language, Literature, History
6354:
The Kingship of the Scots, 842â1292: Succession and Independence
5779:. Vol. 5. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. pp. 1818â1821.
5729:(2006a). "CusantĂn mac Cinaeda (Constantine I of Scotland)". In
1278:
598:
516:
253:
wife, or upon the outset of his reign as king. According to the
8034:
7856:
7393:. Routledge Worlds. Milton Park, Abingdon: Routledge. pp.
6587:
Foley, A (2017). "Strathclyde". In Echard, S; Rouse, R (eds.).
5426:"The Beginning of the Year in the Alfredian Chronicle (866â87)"
1907:
chs. genealogical tables, 1 ¶ 23, 1 n. 56, 2 ¶¶ 21â22, 3 ¶ 19;
613:, another possibility is that Eochaid succeeded to the throne.
6302:"Reading Govan Old: Interpretative Challenges and Aspirations"
6192:"Church Archaeology in Glasgow and the Kingdom of Strathclyde"
6175:. Vol. 3. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. pp. 839â841.
5760:. Vol. 2. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. pp. 704â705.
5756:
Clancy, TO (2006b). "Eochaid son of Rhun". In Koch, JT (ed.).
207:, and may have been overseen by either Arthgal or his father,
7381:Ă CorrĂĄin, D (2008). "The Vikings and Ireland". In Brink, S;
4987:. Contributions to the Study of World History. Westport, CT:
1314:
7717:. Studies in the Early Middle Ages. Vol. 23. Turnhout:
6779:. The Peoples of Europe. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
6096:. Vol. 11. Dublin: Four Courts Press. pp. 185â201.
1277:
contains the first record of "the Britons of Strathclyde" (*
6103:
No Horns on Their Helmets? Essays on the Insular Viking-Age
6021:
Submission and Imperium in the Early Medieval Insular World
313:
In 870, during the reign of Rhun's father, the fortress of
7509:
Sheehan, J (2008). "The Longphort in Viking Age Ireland".
7279:"The Vikings in Scotland and Ireland in the Ninth Century"
4898:(5 September 2008 ed.). University College Cork. 2008
4632:
Scottish Annals From English Chroniclers, A.D. 500 to 1286
6648:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. pp. 65â93.
5711:. The History of Wales. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
7070:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. pp. 1â19.
5854:
The Makers of Scotland: Picts, Romans, Gaels and Vikings
5228:(6 January 2017 ed.). University College Cork. 2017
5208:(29 August 2008 ed.). University College Cork. 2008
7755:. Blackwell Companions to British History. Chichester:
6243:. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland Monograph Series.
5831:
The Men of the North: The Britons and Southern Scotland
4918:(21 March 2010 ed.). University College Cork. 2010
1258:
monarchs, imposing terms of peace upon the Britons at "
156:, is recorded to have succeeded CausantĂn's successor,
6410:"The Emergence and Transformation of Medieval Cumbria"
5775:
Clancy, TO (2006c). "Ystrad Clud". In Koch, JT (ed.).
1214:
Arthgal's death is also reported by the reconstructed
137:
The Viking destruction of the capital fortress of the
5327:
Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
4959:
Caledonian Craftmanship: The Scottish Latin Tradition
4817:(14 May 2012 ed.). University College Cork. 2012
1620:
chs. genealogical tables, introduction ¶ 12, 2 ¶ 35;
7343:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 83â109.
7091:
Limina: A Journal of Historical and Cultural Studies
6993:. Dublin: Geography Publications. pp. 123â159.
6863:
History, Literature, and Music in Scotland, 700â1560
6233:"Govan: An Early Medieval Royal Centre on the Clyde"
1867:
pp. 52, 55, 164 tab. 2a, 173 genealogy 6, 174 n. 3;
145:. In consequence, the realm came to be known as the
7954:
7898:
6334:. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. pp. 107â115.
4937:
Historical Documents Concerning the Ancient Britons
4655:
Early Sources of Scottish History, A.D. 500 to 1286
97:
73:
69:
59:
52:
23:
7494:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 1â18.
6889:
6819:
6589:The Encyclopedia of Medieval Literature in Britain
5918:
5900:Strathclyde and the Anglo-Saxons in the Viking Age
5586:
5546:
5367:
5113:The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: A Collaborative Edition
1319:. In theory, a Pictish form of the name would be *
1236:Govan appears to be noted by the twelfth-century
7068:Medieval Scotland: Crown, Lordship and Community
6171:Driscoll, S (2006). "Govan". In Koch, JT (ed.).
5961:. Scotland in the Early Middle Ages. Leicester:
4671:Anderson, AO (1930). "The Prophecy of Berchan".
7224:(1979). "High-Kings, Vikings and Other Kings".
7047:"Early Christian Govan: The Historical Context"
7051:Records of the Scottish Church History Society
4765:. Translated Texts for Historians. Liverpool:
3639:pp. 43 § 128, 84â85 § 128, 85 n. 79, 203â204;
182:. According to this source, Rhun was a son of
8046:
7868:
7492:The Oxford Illustrated History of the Vikings
7341:The Oxford Illustrated History of the Vikings
6451:"The Expansion of the Kingdom of Strathclyde"
6330:(1999) . "Coroticus". In Dumville, DN (ed.).
5014:Hudson, BT (1998). "The Scottish Chronicle".
1326:
1320:
8:
7657:(EPUB). Brimscombe Port: The History Press.
7593:Proceedings of the Harvard Celtic Colloquium
6900:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
5929:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
5597:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
5557:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
5490:Transactions of the Royal Historical Society
5378:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
257:, a product of the marriage was a son named
249:âperhaps at the time of his marriage to his
193:In about 849, the ninth- to twelfth-century
172:Locations relating to Rhun's life and times.
7574:Warlords and Holy Men: Scotland, AD 80â1000
7549:Celtic Scotland: A History of Ancient Alban
6312:. Leiden: Sidestone Press. pp. 73â91.
3600:
3598:
1259:
631:
625:
592:
570:
489:
479:
229:
42:
8053:
8039:
8031:
7875:
7861:
7853:
7774:
5266:(1998). "Pictish Matriliny Reconsidered".
5143:. Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House.
4401:
4399:
4397:
1616:chs. genealogical tables, 1 ¶ 23, 2 ¶ 21;
661:
652:
391:reveal that he was slain at the behest of
29:
20:
7747:(2009). "Britain and Ireland, c.500". In
7576:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
7552:. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Edinburgh:
7172:
6979:
6726:
6626:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
6356:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
6173:Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia
6032:
5802:. Studies in Celtic History. Woodbridge:
5777:Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia
5758:Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia
5735:Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia
5246:English Historical Documents, c. 500â1042
4600:
4598:
4596:
4594:
1287:, one of the few definable ninth-century
4868:"Annales Xantenses et Annales Vedastini"
4658:. Vol. 1. London: Oliver and Boyd.
3028:
3026:
3024:
393:CausantĂn mac CinĂĄeda, King of the Picts
128:CausantĂn mac CinĂĄeda, King of the Picts
7414:"Nationality Names in the Irish Annals"
6897:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
6721:(PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh.
6241:The Stone of Destiny: Artefact and Icon
5926:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
5594:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
5554:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
5375:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
5165:. Vol. 3, pt. 2. London: Seeleys.
1343:
1147:
7283:Chronicon: An Electric History Journal
6950:
6845:
6835:
5069:
4850:
4742:
4725:Early Manuscripts at Oxford University
3417:Ewart; Pringle; Caldwell et al. (2004)
3305:Ewart; Pringle; Caldwell et al. (2004)
3253:Ewart; Pringle; Caldwell et al. (2004)
1090:
997:
893:
889:
877:
780:
674:
670:
666:
630:("foster-father" or "foster-son") and
525:If a garbled passage preserved by the
335:, the fifteenth- to sixteenth-century
7655:Lords of Alba: The Making of Scotland
1087:
1077:
1065:
1055:
1051:
1039:
1037:
1027:
1015:
1005:
1001:
985:
983:
973:
961:
951:
947:
935:
933:
923:
911:
901:
897:
870:
860:
848:
838:
834:
822:
820:
810:
798:
788:
784:
768:
762:
752:
740:
730:
726:
714:
708:
698:
682:
678:
7:
7134:Viking Society for Northern Research
5798:; Davies, JR; Williamson, E (eds.).
4674:Zeitschrift fĂŒr celtische Philologie
543:âmay be related to the campaigns of
205:CinĂĄed mac AilpĂn, King of the Picts
190:. Rhun is Arthgal's only known son.
186:, and descended from a long line of
184:Arthgal ap Dyfnwal, King of Alt Clut
7842:1. It is possible that Rhun's son,
6546:Ewart, G; Pringle, D; Caldwell, D;
5248:(2nd ed.). London: Routledge.
4721:"Bodleian Library MS. Rawl. B. 489"
1273:The report of warfare given by the
218:The name of Rhun's brother-in-law,
7364:The New Cambridge Medieval History
7200:The Kings & Queens of Scotland
6245:Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
6239:; Clancy, TO; Welander, R (eds.).
5737:. Vol. 2. Santa Barbara, CA:
5480:The Kingship and Landscape of Tara
4468:pp. 141, 149, 154â155, 155 n. 26;
4424:pp. 44 §§ 134â136, 85 §§ 134â136;
4308:pp. 43 § 130, 85 § 130, 85 n. 81;
3347:chs. 2 ¶¶ 48â56, 2 n. 46, 3 ¶ 12;
494:âa location possibly identical to
321:by the insular Scandinavian kings
14:
7899:Legendary and semi-historic kings
6800:. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
6044:Saints' Cults in the Celtic World
5996:10.1034/j.1600-0390.2000.d01-10.x
5800:Saints' Cults in the Celtic World
4584:chs. genealogical tables, 9 ¶ 4;
3536:Bodleian Library MS. Rawl. B. 489
2690:Bodleian Library MS. Rawl. B. 489
2415:pp. 22â23, 66â67, 142, 240, 259;
7523:10.1111/j.1600-0390.2008.00120.x
5902:(EPUB). Edinburgh: John Donald.
5162:The Church Historians of England
8146:Uncertain kings are italicised.
7696:From Pictland to Alba, 789â1070
7675:; Smyth, AP; Kirby, DP (1991).
7118:University of Western Australia
6601:10.1002/9781118396957.wbemlb665
6552:Scottish Archaeological Journal
5709:Wales and the Britons, 350â1064
4912:"Fragmentary Annals of Ireland"
4892:"Fragmentary Annals of Ireland"
6891:"ĂlĂĄf the White (fl. 853â871)"
6646:A Military History of Scotland
638:Chronicle of the Kings of Alba
622:Chronicle of the Kings of Alba
587:appears to locate his fall in
585:Chronicle of the Kings of Alba
536:Chronicle of the Kings of Alba
527:Chronicle of the Kings of Alba
476:Chronicle of the Kings of Alba
255:Chronicle of the Kings of Alba
243:Chronicle of the Kings of Alba
196:Chronicle of the Kings of Alba
114:. He is the only known son of
1:
8167:9th-century Scottish monarchs
6515:10.1080/03044181.2015.1030438
5588:"Giric mac DĂșngal (d. c.890)"
5417:The National Library of Wales
4876:Monumenta Germaniae Historica
2505:Fragmentary Annals of Ireland
2498:Fragmentary Annals of Ireland
2388:pp. 123â124, 171â172 n. 339;
2212:Fragmentary Annals of Ireland
2197:Fragmentary Annals of Ireland
2055:pp. 44 § 135, 85 § 135, 206;
1953:Williams; Smyth; Kirby (1991)
1642:Williams; Smyth; Kirby (1991)
1478:Williams; Smyth; Kirby (1991)
344:Fragmentary Annals of Ireland
309:until the late ninth century.
7412:Ă Murchadha, D (1992â1993).
6921:UK public library membership
6332:Saint Patrick, A.D. 493â1993
5950:UK public library membership
5618:UK public library membership
5578:UK public library membership
5482:. Dublin: Four Courts Press.
5444:10.1093/ehr/XXXIII.CXXXI.328
5399:UK public library membership
4708:Symeonis Monachi Opera Omnia
4206:p. 353, 353 n. 3, 355 n. 4;
3718:pp. 148, 148â148 n. 9, 154;
2619:Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005)
2591:Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005)
2515:Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005)
2233:Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005)
1951:pp. 159â160, 160â161 n. 61;
656:Ancestors of Rhun ab Arthgal
460:The title of Rhun's father,
199:reports that Britons burned
6867:University of Toronto Press
6502:Journal of Medieval History
6264:"The Govan Stones Revealed"
341:, and the eleventh-century
8188:
7618:Scottish Historical Review
6414:Scottish Historical Review
6138:Cambridge University Press
5963:Leicester University Press
5668:Edinburgh University Press
5226:Corpus of Electronic Texts
5206:Corpus of Electronic Texts
5115:. Vol. 5. Cambridge:
5111:O'Keeffe, KO, ed. (2001).
5017:Scottish Historical Review
4916:Corpus of Electronic Texts
4896:Corpus of Electronic Texts
4815:Corpus of Electronic Texts
4793:(24 March 2010 ed.).
4790:Corpus of Electronic Texts
4767:Liverpool University Press
4652:Anderson, AO, ed. (1922).
2227:pp. 66â67, 142, 240, 258;
1283:) in English sources. The
991:
891:
883:
774:
672:
668:
47:" ("king of the Britons").
8141:
8068:
7846:, succeeded Rhun as king.
7840:
7831:
7816:
7804:
7789:
7784:
7777:
7456:10.1017/S0263675100001125
7238:10.1017/S002112140011315X
7157:10.1017/S0003581500001372
6385:10.3366/inr.1998.49.2.127
5639:10.3366/inr.2004.55.2.111
5431:English Historical Review
5282:10.3366/inr.1998.49.2.147
5180:The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
5178:Swanton, M, ed. (1998) .
5030:10.3366/shr.1998.77.2.129
4866:De Simon, B, ed. (1909).
4572:ch. genealogical tables;
4320:pp. 327, 327â328 n. 103;
4285:pp. 327, 327â328 n. 103;
3710:pp. 142, 240, 142 n. 33;
1071:
1053:
1045:
1021:
1003:
999:
967:
949:
941:
917:
899:
895:
854:
836:
828:
804:
786:
782:
746:
728:
720:
692:
676:
565:The name of Rhuns's son,
383:Arthgal died in 872. The
231:Constantinus filius Kinet
28:
7821:Next known title holder:
7226:Irish Historical Studies
6861:. In McDonald, R (ed.).
6797:Kings of Celtic Scotland
6681:The Welsh History Review
6208:10.3366/inr.1998.49.2.95
5548:"Constantine I (d. 876)"
5340:10.9750/PSAS.107.103.113
4831:"Cotton MS Tiberius B I"
4763:The Chronicle of Ireland
4687:10.1515/zcph.1930.18.1.1
4607:ch. genealogical tables.
4581:
4573:
4501:
4497:
4372:
4262:
4258:
4214:pp. 151, 174, 288, 301;
4187:
4128:
4094:
4039:
4023:
4007:
3903:
3849:
3692:
3660:
3628:
3624:
3608:
3496:
3444:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3256:
3244:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3207:chs. 1 ¶ 23, 3 ¶ 11â12;
3152:
3128:
3124:
3108:
3104:
3088:
3052:
2873:
2853:
2818:
2654:
2646:
2642:
2622:
2578:
2538:
2389:
2350:
2264:
2191:
2163:
2004:
1992:
1916:
1912:
1888:
1884:
1733:
1729:
1697:
1685:
1617:
1521:
1517:
1501:
1413:
1405:
1397:
8172:Monarchs of Strathclyde
7727:10.1484/M.SEM-EB.3.4457
7144:The Antiquaries Journal
7022:10.3366/inr.1986.37.1.3
6025:University of Edinburgh
4795:University College Cork
4604:
4585:
4577:
4569:
4557:
4545:
4541:
4529:
4525:
4513:
4509:
4505:
4493:
4481:
4480:pp. 363â364, 364 n. 1;
4477:
4473:
4469:
4465:
4461:
4457:
4453:
4441:
4437:
4433:
4429:
4425:
4421:
4417:
4405:
4388:
4384:
4360:
4356:
4344:
4340:
4325:
4321:
4317:
4313:
4309:
4305:
4301:
4286:
4282:
4278:
4274:
4270:
4266:
4254:
4242:
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4230:
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4211:
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4159:
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4136:
4132:
4124:
4117:
4113:
4106:
4090:
4078:
4074:
4059:
4055:
4051:
4035:
4011:
4003:
3999:
3987:
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3971:
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2999:
2995:
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2943:
2939:
2935:
2923:
2919:
2912:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2881:
2877:
2874:Ă Murchadha (1992â1993)
2869:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2826:
2822:
2814:
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2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2590:
2574:
2570:
2558:
2554:
2542:
2539:Ă Murchadha (1992â1993)
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2503:
2496:
2492:
2480:
2476:
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2428:
2424:
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2401:
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2319:
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2308:
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2292:
2288:
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2256:
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2248:
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2240:
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2232:
2228:
2224:
2217:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2195:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2144:
2140:
2128:
2116:
2104:
2092:
2088:
2087:pp. 85 n. 85, 206â207;
2084:
2080:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
1988:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1793:
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1769:
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1761:
1749:
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1741:
1737:
1725:
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1709:
1705:
1701:
1693:
1689:
1681:
1669:
1657:
1653:
1649:
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1609:
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1593:
1589:
1577:
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1553:
1541:
1529:
1525:
1505:
1489:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1409:
1401:
1393:
1389:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1327:
1321:
1315:
1279:
1239:Historia regum Anglorum
517:
7277:Ă CorrĂĄin, D (1998a).
7045:Macquarrie, A (1990).
6906:10.1093/ref:odnb/49263
6622:; Pedersen, F (2005).
6190:Driscoll, ST (1998a).
6107:University of Aberdeen
6075:Dunedin Academic Press
5957:Crawford, BE (1997) .
5935:10.1093/ref:odnb/49261
5917:Costambeys, M (2004).
5875:Clarkson, T (2012b) .
5852:Clarkson, T (2012a) .
5603:10.1093/ref:odnb/11452
5222:"The Annals of Ulster"
5202:"The Annals of Ulster"
4729:Oxford Digital Library
4574:Charles-Edwards (2013)
4436:pp. 40â41 §§ 132â134;
3694:Cotton MS Tiberius B I
3449:Charles-Edwards (2006)
3445:Charles-Edwards (2013)
3213:Charles-Edwards (2013)
3087:pp. 75â77, 78 fig. 4;
2948:Charles-Edwards (2006)
2559:Charles-Edwards (2006)
2164:Charles-Edwards (2013)
1929:Charles-Edwards (2006)
1913:Charles-Edwards (2013)
1502:Charles-Edwards (2013)
1398:Charles-Edwards (2013)
1260:
632:
626:
593:
576:
571:
522:
490:
480:
471:
445:Kingdom of Strathclyde
408:
380:
319:captured and destroyed
310:
261:. The twelfth-century
238:
230:
173:
147:Kingdom of Strathclyde
43:
7630:10.3366/shr.2016.0294
6966:Jorgensen, T (2017).
6937:University of Glasgow
6593:John Wiley & Sons
6456:Early Medieval Europe
6426:10.3366/shr.2014.0216
6300:Driscoll, ST (2016).
6287:Driscoll, ST (2015).
6262:Driscoll, ST (2014).
6231:Driscoll, ST (2003).
6146:10.1017/9781139381598
6019:Davidson, MR (2002).
5959:Scandinavian Scotland
5563:10.1093/ref:odnb/6114
5384:10.1093/ref:odnb/7795
3623:ch. 3 ¶ 21, 3 n. 21;
3331:chs. 2 ¶ 50, 3 ¶ 12;
2801:ch. 3 ¶ 11, 3 n. 10;
2718:ch. 3 ¶ 11, 3 n. 10;
1612:pp. 6 tab. 1, 22â23;
1275:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
564:
550:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
512:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
504:
459:
407:sculpture in Britain.
401:
364:
300:
220:CausantĂn mac CinĂĄeda
217:
171:
8062:Kings of Strathclyde
7834:Notes and references
7757:Blackwell Publishing
7721:. pp. 221â239.
7653:Walker, IW (2013) .
7316:10.1484/j.peri.3.334
6957:: CS1 maint: year (
6933:Fife Place-Name Data
6752:10.1484/J.Peri.3.139
5898:Clarkson, T (2014).
5877:The Picts: A History
5829:Clarkson, T (2010).
5685:Calise, JMP (2002).
5424:Beaven, MLR (1918).
5369:"Kenneth I (d. 858)"
5076:: CS1 maint: year (
4857:: CS1 maint: year (
4811:"Chronicon Scotorum"
4785:"Chronicon Scotorum"
4749:: CS1 maint: year (
4560:pp. 62â63, 63 n. 32.
4210:pp. 327â328 n. 103;
4198:p. 333, 333 n. 161;
4119:The Annals of Ulster
4108:The Annals of Ulster
3894:The Annals of Ulster
3875:The Annals of Ulster
3756:The Annals of Ulster
3741:The Annals of Ulster
3529:The Annals of Ulster
3522:The Annals of Ulster
3511:chs. 1 ¶ 23, 3 ¶ 18.
3435:ch. 3 ¶ 11, 3 ¶ 17;
3371:chs. 2 ¶ 30, 3 ¶ 13.
3273:Driscoll, ST (1998a)
3269:Driscoll, ST (2001b)
3265:Driscoll, ST (2001a)
2828:The Annals of Ulster
2785:The Annals of Ulster
2683:The Annals of Ulster
2676:The Annals of Ulster
2441:Driscoll, ST (1998a)
2403:The Annals of Ulster
2356:The Annals of Ulster
2263:p. 331, 331 n. 149;
2249:Driscoll, ST (1998a)
2219:The Annals of Ulster
2146:The Annals of Ulster
1216:Chronicle of Ireland
1202:Chronicle of Ireland
765:Dyfnwal ap Rhydderch
557:Death and succession
225:Poppleton manuscript
209:Dyfnwal ap Rhydderch
179:Harleian genealogies
132:kingship of Alt Clut
110:was a ninth-century
38:Poppleton manuscript
7807:King of Strathclyde
7799:as King of Alt Clut
7443:Anglo-Saxon England
7202:. Brimscombe Port:
7110:McLeod, SH (2011).
6888:Hudson, BT (2004).
6859:"The Scottish Gaze"
6857:Hudson, BT (2002).
6794:Hudson, BT (1994).
6694:10.16922/whr.28.1.1
6558:(1â2): iâx, 1â166.
6449:Edmonds, F (2015).
6408:Edmonds, F (2014).
6132:Downham, C (2018).
6069:Downham, C (2007).
5879:(EPUB). Edinburgh:
5856:(EPUB). Edinburgh:
5833:(EPUB). Edinburgh:
5705:Charles-Edwards, TM
4957:Howlett, D (2000).
4478:Anderson, AO (1922)
4438:Anderson, AO (1922)
4434:Anderson, AO (1930)
4314:Anderson, AO (1922)
4310:Anderson, AO (1930)
4279:Anderson, AO (1922)
4204:Anderson, AO (1922)
4164:Anderson, AO (1922)
4133:Anderson, AO (1922)
3858:Anderson, AO (1922)
3724:Anderson, AO (1922)
3645:Anderson, AO (1930)
3586:Anderson, AO (1922)
3381:Driscoll, ST (2015)
3349:Anderson, AO (1908)
3285:Driscoll, ST (2015)
3257:Driscoll, ST (2003)
3201:Driscoll, ST (2015)
3177:Anderson, AO (1922)
3129:Driscoll, ST (2003)
3125:Driscoll, ST (2014)
3121:Driscoll, ST (2016)
3109:Driscoll, ST (2003)
3105:Driscoll, ST (2014)
3101:Driscoll, ST (2016)
3089:Driscoll, ST (2014)
3085:Driscoll, ST (2016)
2924:Anderson, AO (1922)
2882:Anderson, AO (1922)
2577:p. 321, 321 n. 11;
2543:Anderson, AO (1922)
2513:pp. 142, 240, 259;
2477:Anderson, AO (1922)
2467:p. 106, 106 n. 64;
2463:p. 321, 321 n. 10;
2339:Anderson, AO (1922)
2293:Anderson, AO (1922)
2245:Valante (1998â1999)
2065:Anderson, AO (1922)
2061:Anderson, AO (1930)
2029:Anderson, AO (1922)
1969:Anderson, AO (1922)
1869:Anderson, AO (1922)
1746:Anderson, MO (2004)
1710:Anderson, AO (1922)
1700:p. 126, 126 n. 75;
1650:Anderson, AO (1922)
1490:Anderson, MO (2004)
1367:Anderson, AO (1922)
1302:Prophecy of BerchĂĄn
618:Prophecy of BerchĂĄn
486:Prophecy of BerchĂĄn
478:identifies Rhun as
452:King of Strathclyde
431:to the vicinity of
356:Dublin slave market
307:Kingdom of Alt Clut
264:Prophecy of BerchĂĄn
139:Kingdom of Alt Clut
112:King of Strathclyde
54:King of Strathclyde
18:King of Strathclyde
7793:Arthgal ap Dyfnwal
7759:. pp. 41â56.
7719:Brepols Publishers
7595:. 18â19: 242â258.
7546:Skene, WF (1886).
7511:Acta Archaeologica
7198:Oram, RD (2011) .
7136:. pp. 93â123.
7085:McLeod, S (2015).
6972:University of Oslo
6775:Hudson, B (2014).
6717:Hicks, DA (2003).
6671:Charles University
6492:Evans, NJ (2015).
6469:10.1111/emed.12087
6247:. pp. 77â83.
5983:Acta Archaeologica
5806:. pp. 18â41.
5585:Broun, D (2004b).
4759:Charles-Edwards, T
4576:p. 572 fig. 17.4;
4316:p. 355, 355 n. 4;
4194:§ 40, § 40 n. 50;
4166:p. 353, 353 n. 1;
4162:pp. 148â149, 154;
3856:pp. 148â149, 154;
3726:p. 352, 352 n. 5;
3355:pp. 40â41 ch. 42;
3245:Driscoll, S (2006)
3179:pp. clviiâclviii;
2914:Chronicon Scotorum
2907:Chronicon Scotorum
2872:pp. 52, 174 n. 1;
2519:Kelly; Maas (1999)
2473:Alcock (1975â1976)
2437:Kelly; Maas (1999)
2335:Kelly; Maas (1999)
2321:Chronicon Scotorum
2314:Chronicon Scotorum
2289:Alcock (1975â1976)
1971:pp. clviiâclviii;
1841:Bhreathnach (2005)
1652:pp. clviiâclviii;
1542:Bhreathnach (2005)
1242:in the account of
1088:1. Rhun ab Arthgal
873:Arthgal ap Dyfnwal
711:Rhydderch ab Owain
577:
523:
472:
462:Arthgal ap Dyfnwal
409:
389:Chronicon Scotorum
381:
332:Chronicon Scotorum
311:
270:Historia Brittonum
239:
174:
116:Arthgal ap Dyfnwal
101:Arthgal ap Dyfnwal
64:Arthgal ap Dyfnwal
8154:
8153:
8028:
8027:
7884:Kings of Alt Clut
7851:
7850:
7847:
7836:
7802:
7766:978-1-405-10628-3
7736:978-2-503-52394-1
7705:978-0-7486-1233-8
7694:Woolf, A (2007).
7679:. London: Seaby.
7664:978-0-7524-9519-4
7404:978-0-203-41277-0
7373:978-0-521-36292-4
7213:978-0-7524-7099-3
7204:The History Press
6919:(Subscription or
6786:978-1-4051-8678-0
6663:Gigov, J (2011).
6655:978-0-7486-3204-6
6633:978-0-521-82992-2
6341:978-0-85115-733-7
6319:978-90-8890-376-2
6155:978-1-107-03131-9
6116:978-0-9557720-1-6
6109:. pp. 9â37.
6084:978-1-903765-89-0
6053:978-1-84383-432-8
5948:(Subscription or
5909:978-1-907909-25-2
5890:978-1-907909-03-0
5867:978-1-907909-01-6
5844:978-1-907909-02-3
5813:978-1-84383-432-8
5804:The Boydell Press
5718:978-0-19-821731-2
5677:978-0-7486-2360-0
5662:Broun, D (2007).
5616:(Subscription or
5576:(Subscription or
5397:(Subscription or
5307:Secondary sources
4963:Four Courts Press
4776:978-0-85323-959-8
4713:Longmans & Co
4530:Hudson, BT (1994)
4510:Macquarrie (1998)
4470:Hudson, BT (1994)
4466:Hudson, BT (1998)
4430:Macquarrie (1990)
4426:Hudson, BT (1994)
4422:Hudson, BT (1996)
4389:Hudson, BT (1994)
4345:Macquarrie (1990)
4306:Hudson, BT (1996)
4302:Hudson, BT (2002)
4271:Ă CorrĂĄin (1998b)
4267:Ă CorrĂĄin (1998a)
4243:Ă CorrĂĄin (1998b)
4239:Ă CorrĂĄin (1998a)
4196:Ă CorrĂĄin (1998b)
4192:Ă CorrĂĄin (1998a)
4160:Hudson, BT (1998)
4079:Macquarrie (1998)
4052:Hudson, BT (1998)
4036:McLeod, SH (2011)
3968:McLeod, SH (2011)
3938:p. 73, 73 n. 36;
3932:McLeod, SH (2011)
3889:McLeod, SH (2011)
3854:Hudson, BT (1998)
3798:McLeod, SH (2011)
3778:Ă CorrĂĄin (1998b)
3774:Ă CorrĂĄin (1998a)
3751:McLeod, SH (2011)
3720:Hudson, BT (1994)
3716:Hudson, BT (1998)
3712:Hudson, BT (2004)
3677:Hudson, BT (1994)
3673:Hudson, BT (1996)
3669:Hudson, BT (1998)
3665:Hudson, BT (2002)
3641:Hudson, BT (1994)
3637:Hudson, BT (1996)
3633:Hudson, BT (1998)
3582:Hudson, BT (1994)
3578:Hudson, BT (1998)
3443:p. 73, 73 n. 36;
3181:Phillimore (1888)
3073:Hudson, BT (1994)
3016:Macquarrie (1998)
3000:Hudson, BT (1994)
2972:Macquarrie (1998)
2878:Macquarrie (1990)
2870:Hudson, BT (1994)
2866:Macquarrie (1998)
2858:Hudson, BT (2002)
2825:p. 73, 73 n. 36;
2774:pp. 52, 174 n. 1.
2772:Hudson, BT (1994)
2768:Ă CorrĂĄin (1998b)
2764:Ă CorrĂĄin (1998a)
2760:Macquarrie (1998)
2663:Macquarrie (1990)
2659:Macquarrie (1998)
2607:McLeod, SH (2011)
2535:Hudson, BT (1994)
2531:Ă CorrĂĄin (1998b)
2527:Ă CorrĂĄin (1998a)
2523:Macquarrie (1998)
2453:Ă CorrĂĄin (1998b)
2449:Ă CorrĂĄin (1998a)
2445:Macquarrie (1998)
2429:Hudson, BT (2002)
2421:Costambeys (2004)
2386:McLeod, SH (2011)
2380:p. 17, 17 n. 38;
2269:Hudson, BT (1994)
2261:Ă CorrĂĄin (1998b)
2259:§ 38, 38 n. 141;
2257:Ă CorrĂĄin (1998a)
2253:Macquarrie (1998)
2237:Costambeys (2004)
2205:p. 73, 73 n. 35;
2188:McLeod, SH (2011)
2117:Hudson, BT (1994)
2089:Hudson, BT (1994)
2085:Hudson, BT (1996)
2057:Macquarrie (1990)
2053:Hudson, BT (1996)
2049:Macquarrie (1998)
2025:Hudson, BT (1998)
2021:Hudson, BT (2002)
1973:Phillimore (1888)
1965:Macquarrie (1986)
1961:Macquarrie (1990)
1957:Hudson, BT (1994)
1941:Ă CorrĂĄin (1998b)
1937:Ă CorrĂĄin (1998a)
1865:Hudson, BT (1994)
1861:Ă CorrĂĄin (1998b)
1857:Ă CorrĂĄin (1998a)
1853:Hudson, BT (1998)
1849:Hudson, BT (1996)
1782:Macquarrie (1998)
1770:Macquarrie (1990)
1766:Hudson, BT (1994)
1762:Macquarrie (1998)
1750:Macquarrie (1998)
1706:Hudson, BT (1998)
1702:Macquarrie (1998)
1654:Phillimore (1888)
1646:Macquarrie (1990)
1634:Ă CorrĂĄin (1998b)
1630:Ă CorrĂĄin (1998a)
1598:Macquarrie (1986)
1594:Macquarrie (1990)
1590:Macquarrie (1998)
1530:Hudson, BT (1994)
1474:Hudson, BT (1994)
1470:Hudson, BT (1996)
1462:Ă CorrĂĄin (1998b)
1458:Ă CorrĂĄin (1998a)
1454:Macquarrie (1998)
1450:Hudson, BT (1998)
1363:Hudson, BT (1998)
1250:, the respective
1138:
1137:
1134:
1133:
607:King of the Picts
351:Annales Xantenses
241:According to the
188:kings of Alt Clut
105:
104:
44:regis Britannorum
8179:
8147:
8055:
8048:
8041:
8032:
7931:Rhydderch I Hael
7877:
7870:
7863:
7854:
7841:
7832:
7796:
7790:Preceded by
7779:Rhun ab Arthgal
7775:
7770:
7740:
7709:
7690:
7668:
7649:
7612:
7587:
7565:
7542:
7505:
7483:
7436:
7418:
7408:
7392:
7389:The Viking World
7377:
7354:
7335:
7298:
7273:
7217:
7194:
7176:
7137:
7121:
7106:
7081:
7062:
7041:
7010:The Innes Review
7004:
6985:
6983:
6962:
6956:
6948:
6946:
6944:
6924:
6916:
6914:
6912:
6893:
6884:
6853:
6847:
6843:
6841:
6833:
6831:
6829:
6823:
6818:. Archived from
6790:
6771:
6732:
6730:
6713:
6674:
6659:
6637:
6614:
6583:
6542:
6498:
6488:
6445:
6404:
6373:The Innes Review
6367:
6345:
6323:
6304:. In Hunter, F;
6296:
6283:
6268:History Scotland
6258:
6227:
6196:The Innes Review
6186:
6167:
6134:Medieval Ireland
6128:
6097:
6088:
6065:
6038:
6036:
6015:
5976:
5953:
5945:
5943:
5941:
5922:
5920:"Ăvarr (d. 873)"
5913:
5894:
5871:
5848:
5825:
5790:
5771:
5752:
5722:
5700:
5681:
5658:
5627:The Innes Review
5621:
5613:
5611:
5609:
5590:
5581:
5573:
5571:
5569:
5550:
5538:
5483:
5471:
5438:(131): 328â342.
5420:
5402:
5394:
5392:
5390:
5371:
5359:
5323:
5301:
5269:The Innes Review
5259:
5237:
5235:
5233:
5217:
5215:
5213:
5197:
5174:
5152:
5130:
5107:
5081:
5075:
5067:
5057:
5010:
4976:
4953:
4927:
4925:
4923:
4907:
4905:
4903:
4887:
4862:
4856:
4848:
4846:
4844:
4826:
4824:
4822:
4806:
4804:
4802:
4780:
4754:
4748:
4740:
4738:
4736:
4716:
4698:
4667:
4648:
4608:
4602:
4589:
4567:
4561:
4555:
4549:
4539:
4533:
4523:
4517:
4512:p. 13, 13 n. 3;
4502:Clarkson (2012b)
4498:Clarkson (2012a)
4491:
4485:
4451:
4445:
4420:ch. 3 ¶¶ 24â26;
4415:
4409:
4403:
4392:
4382:
4376:
4370:
4364:
4354:
4348:
4338:
4332:
4299:
4293:
4252:
4246:
4228:
4222:
4177:
4171:
4149:
4143:
4104:
4098:
4088:
4082:
4072:
4066:
4049:
4043:
4033:
4027:
4021:
4015:
4014:p. 73, 73 n. 36.
3997:
3991:
3981:
3975:
3965:
3959:
3956:Ă CorrĂĄin (1979)
3952:Whitelock (1996)
3928:McLeod, S (2015)
3917:
3911:
3908:Ă CorrĂĄin (1979)
3881:McLeod, S (2015)
3871:
3865:
3838:McLeod, S (2015)
3831:
3825:
3819:
3813:
3810:Ă CorrĂĄin (2001)
3806:Ă CorrĂĄin (2006)
3802:Ă CorrĂĄin (2008)
3794:McLeod, S (2015)
3791:
3785:
3782:Ă CorrĂĄin (1979)
3770:Ă CorrĂĄin (2006)
3762:Ă CorrĂĄin (2008)
3747:McLeod, S (2015)
3737:
3731:
3705:
3699:
3686:
3680:
3654:
3648:
3618:
3612:
3602:
3593:
3563:
3557:
3547:
3541:
3518:
3512:
3506:
3500:
3482:
3476:
3466:
3460:
3430:
3424:
3397:Clarkson (2012b)
3393:Clarkson (2012a)
3378:
3372:
3366:
3360:
3357:Stevenson (1855)
3342:
3336:
3326:
3320:
3314:
3308:
3297:Clarkson (2012b)
3293:Clarkson (2012a)
3282:
3276:
3221:Clarkson (2012b)
3217:Clarkson (2012a)
3194:
3188:
3162:
3156:
3153:Clarkson (2012b)
3150:
3144:
3138:
3132:
3118:
3112:
3098:
3092:
3082:
3076:
3062:
3056:
3053:Clarkson (2012a)
3042:
3036:
3030:
3019:
3009:
3003:
2993:
2987:
2981:
2975:
2957:
2951:
2933:
2927:
2891:
2885:
2781:
2775:
2701:
2695:
2672:
2666:
2657:ch. 8 ¶¶ 20â21;
2647:Clarkson (2012b)
2643:Clarkson (2012a)
2636:
2630:
2600:
2594:
2588:
2582:
2568:
2562:
2552:
2546:
2490:
2484:
2469:Ă CorrĂĄin (1979)
2394:Ă CorrĂĄin (2008)
2374:Hudson, B (2014)
2366:McLeod, S (2015)
2348:
2342:
2306:
2300:
2207:Ă CorrĂĄin (2008)
2160:Hudson, B (2014)
2152:McLeod, S (2015)
2141:Jorgensen (2017)
2138:
2132:
2126:
2120:
2114:
2108:
2102:
2096:
2078:
2072:
2042:
2036:
2014:
2008:
2002:
1996:
1986:
1980:
1898:
1892:
1889:Clarkson (2012b)
1885:Clarkson (2012a)
1882:
1876:
1826:
1820:
1803:
1797:
1791:
1785:
1779:
1773:
1759:
1753:
1730:Clarkson (2012a)
1723:
1717:
1679:
1673:
1667:
1661:
1607:
1601:
1587:
1581:
1575:
1569:
1563:
1557:
1551:
1545:
1539:
1533:
1518:Clarkson (2012a)
1515:
1509:
1499:
1493:
1487:
1481:
1406:Clarkson (2012b)
1387:
1381:
1348:
1332:
1330:
1324:
1318:
1311:
1305:
1298:
1292:
1282:
1271:
1265:
1263:
1234:
1228:
1225:
1219:
1212:
1206:
1197:
1191:
1188:Rhun map Arthgal
1152:
685:Owain ap Dyfnwal
662:
653:
635:
629:
596:
581:Annals of Ulster
574:
541:Annals of Ulster
531:Annals of Ulster
520:
493:
483:
467:Annals of Ulster
385:Annals of Ulster
376:Annals of Ulster
338:Annals of Ulster
301:The fortress of
293:King of Alt Clut
236:
233:
122:was captured by
46:
33:
21:
8187:
8186:
8182:
8181:
8180:
8178:
8177:
8176:
8157:
8156:
8155:
8150:
8145:
8137:
8064:
8059:
8029:
8024:
7950:
7916:Dumnagual I Hen
7906:Ceretic Guletic
7894:
7881:
7822:
7810:
7795:
7780:
7773:
7767:
7743:
7737:
7712:
7706:
7693:
7687:
7671:
7665:
7652:
7615:
7590:
7584:
7568:
7545:
7508:
7502:
7486:
7439:
7416:
7411:
7405:
7380:
7374:
7357:
7351:
7338:
7301:
7276:
7232:(83): 283â323.
7220:
7214:
7197:
7140:
7124:
7109:
7084:
7078:
7065:
7044:
7007:
7001:
6988:
6965:
6949:
6942:
6940:
6927:
6918:
6910:
6908:
6887:
6881:
6856:
6844:
6834:
6827:
6825:
6824:on 23 June 2019
6808:
6793:
6787:
6774:
6735:
6716:
6677:
6662:
6656:
6640:
6634:
6617:
6611:
6586:
6545:
6496:
6491:
6448:
6407:
6370:
6364:
6348:
6342:
6326:
6320:
6299:
6286:
6261:
6255:
6230:
6189:
6183:
6170:
6156:
6131:
6117:
6100:
6094:Medieval Dublin
6091:
6085:
6068:
6054:
6041:
6018:
5979:
5973:
5956:
5947:
5939:
5937:
5916:
5910:
5897:
5891:
5881:Birlinn Limited
5874:
5868:
5858:Birlinn Limited
5851:
5845:
5828:
5814:
5793:
5787:
5774:
5768:
5755:
5749:
5741:. p. 523.
5725:
5719:
5703:
5697:
5684:
5678:
5661:
5624:
5615:
5607:
5605:
5584:
5575:
5567:
5565:
5541:
5503:10.2307/3679110
5486:
5474:
5423:
5405:
5396:
5388:
5386:
5362:
5321:
5313:
5309:
5304:
5262:
5256:
5244:, ed. (1996) .
5240:
5231:
5229:
5220:
5211:
5209:
5200:
5194:
5177:
5155:
5133:
5127:
5110:
5084:
5068:
5060:
5013:
4999:
4989:Greenwood Press
4979:
4973:
4956:
4930:
4921:
4919:
4910:
4901:
4899:
4890:
4865:
4849:
4842:
4840:
4836:British Library
4829:
4820:
4818:
4809:
4800:
4798:
4783:
4777:
4757:
4741:
4734:
4732:
4719:
4701:
4670:
4651:
4625:
4621:
4619:Primary sources
4616:
4611:
4605:Clarkson (2014)
4603:
4592:
4582:Clarkson (2010)
4570:Clarkson (2014)
4568:
4564:
4556:
4552:
4540:
4536:
4526:Clarkson (2014)
4524:
4520:
4494:Clarkson (2014)
4492:
4488:
4454:Clarkson (2014)
4452:
4448:
4418:Clarkson (2014)
4416:
4412:
4406:Clarkson (2014)
4404:
4395:
4385:Clarkson (2014)
4383:
4379:
4373:Clarkson (2010)
4371:
4367:
4357:Clarkson (2014)
4355:
4351:
4341:Clarkson (2014)
4339:
4335:
4300:
4296:
4273:p. 333 n. 161;
4263:Crawford (2000)
4253:
4249:
4229:
4225:
4178:
4174:
4150:
4146:
4105:
4101:
4095:Clarkson (2010)
4091:Clarkson (2014)
4089:
4085:
4073:
4069:
4050:
4046:
4040:Crawford (1997)
4038:p. 156 n. 248;
4034:
4030:
4024:Crawford (1997)
4022:
4018:
3998:
3994:
3982:
3978:
3966:
3962:
3920:Clarkson (2014)
3918:
3914:
3872:
3868:
3832:
3828:
3822:Clarkson (2014)
3820:
3816:
3792:
3788:
3738:
3734:
3706:
3702:
3689:O'Keeffe (2001)
3687:
3683:
3661:Clarkson (2010)
3657:Clarkson (2014)
3655:
3651:
3625:Clarkson (2010)
3621:Clarkson (2014)
3619:
3615:
3609:Clarkson (2010)
3605:Clarkson (2014)
3603:
3596:
3564:
3560:
3550:Clarkson (2014)
3548:
3544:
3519:
3515:
3509:Clarkson (2014)
3507:
3503:
3497:Clarkson (2010)
3485:Clarkson (2014)
3483:
3479:
3467:
3463:
3433:Clarkson (2014)
3431:
3427:
3423:pp. 15, 16, 30.
3411:p. 162 n. 158;
3401:Clarkson (2010)
3385:Clarkson (2014)
3379:
3375:
3369:Clarkson (2014)
3367:
3363:
3345:Clarkson (2014)
3343:
3339:
3329:Clarkson (2014)
3327:
3323:
3319:p. 70 fig. 2.2.
3315:
3311:
3301:Clarkson (2010)
3289:Clarkson (2014)
3283:
3279:
3225:Clarkson (2010)
3205:Clarkson (2014)
3195:
3191:
3169:Dumville (1999)
3165:Clarkson (2014)
3163:
3159:
3151:
3147:
3139:
3135:
3119:
3115:
3099:
3095:
3083:
3079:
3063:
3059:
3045:Clarkson (2014)
3043:
3039:
3033:Clarkson (2014)
3031:
3022:
3010:
3006:
2994:
2990:
2982:
2978:
2960:Clarkson (2014)
2958:
2954:
2950:p. 324 § 872.5.
2934:
2930:
2892:
2888:
2862:Dumville (1999)
2854:Davidson (2002)
2799:Clarkson (2014)
2782:
2778:
2756:Dumville (1999)
2716:Clarkson (2014)
2702:
2698:
2673:
2669:
2655:Clarkson (2010)
2639:Clarkson (2014)
2637:
2633:
2623:Crawford (1997)
2603:Clarkson (2014)
2601:
2597:
2589:
2585:
2579:De Simon (1909)
2569:
2565:
2561:p. 322 § 871.2.
2553:
2549:
2533:p. 331 n. 150;
2491:
2487:
2465:Pelteret (1980)
2390:Clarkson (2010)
2349:
2345:
2307:
2303:
2287:p. 117 n. 173;
2265:Crawford (1997)
2192:Clarkson (2010)
2143:48, 48 n. 145;
2139:
2135:
2127:
2123:
2115:
2111:
2105:Clarkson (2014)
2103:
2099:
2081:Clarkson (2014)
2079:
2075:
2045:Clarkson (2014)
2043:
2039:
2015:
2011:
2005:Clarkson (2010)
2003:
1999:
1993:Clarkson (2010)
1987:
1983:
1945:Dumville (1999)
1917:Clarkson (2010)
1905:Clarkson (2014)
1899:
1895:
1883:
1879:
1827:
1823:
1804:
1800:
1792:
1788:
1780:
1776:
1760:
1756:
1734:Clarkson (2010)
1724:
1720:
1698:Davidson (2002)
1686:Clarkson (2010)
1680:
1676:
1668:
1664:
1626:Dumville (1999)
1618:Clarkson (2010)
1614:Clarkson (2014)
1608:
1604:
1588:
1584:
1576:
1572:
1564:
1560:
1552:
1548:
1540:
1536:
1522:Clarkson (2010)
1516:
1512:
1506:Dumville (1999)
1500:
1496:
1488:
1484:
1446:Dumville (1999)
1414:Clarkson (2010)
1394:Clarkson (2014)
1388:
1384:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1336:
1335:
1312:
1308:
1299:
1295:
1285:Talnotrie hoard
1272:
1268:
1235:
1231:
1226:
1222:
1213:
1209:
1198:
1194:
1184:Rhun map Artgal
1180:Rhun f. Arthgal
1176:Rhun ap Arthgal
1168:Rhun ab Arthgal
1153:
1149:
1144:
1139:
650:
605:, succeeded as
603:Ăed mac CinĂĄeda
559:
481:rex Britannorum
454:
295:
234:
166:
158:Ăed mac CinĂĄeda
108:Rhun ab Arthgal
93:
48:
24:Rhun ab Arthgal
19:
12:
11:
5:
8185:
8183:
8175:
8174:
8169:
8159:
8158:
8152:
8151:
8149:
8148:
8142:
8139:
8138:
8136:
8135:
8128:
8123:
8116:
8111:
8104:
8099:
8094:
8089:
8082:
8077:
8069:
8066:
8065:
8060:
8058:
8057:
8050:
8043:
8035:
8026:
8025:
8023:
8022:
8014:
8009:
8004:
7999:
7994:
7989:
7984:
7979:
7974:
7969:
7964:
7958:
7956:
7955:Historic kings
7952:
7951:
7949:
7948:
7943:
7938:
7933:
7928:
7923:
7918:
7913:
7908:
7902:
7900:
7896:
7895:
7882:
7880:
7879:
7872:
7865:
7857:
7849:
7848:
7838:
7837:
7829:
7828:
7820:
7815:
7803:
7791:
7787:
7786:
7785:Regnal titles
7782:
7781:
7778:
7772:
7771:
7765:
7741:
7735:
7710:
7704:
7691:
7685:
7669:
7663:
7650:
7624:(2): 164â181.
7613:
7588:
7582:
7566:
7543:
7517:(1): 282â295.
7506:
7500:
7484:
7437:
7409:
7403:
7378:
7372:
7360:McKitterick, R
7355:
7349:
7336:
7299:
7274:
7218:
7212:
7195:
7138:
7122:
7116:(PhD thesis).
7107:
7082:
7076:
7063:
7042:
7005:
6999:
6986:
6963:
6925:
6885:
6879:
6854:
6846:|journal=
6806:
6791:
6785:
6772:
6733:
6714:
6675:
6660:
6654:
6638:
6632:
6624:Viking Empires
6615:
6609:
6584:
6543:
6509:(2): 131â154.
6489:
6446:
6420:(2): 195â216.
6405:
6379:(2): 127â142.
6368:
6362:
6346:
6340:
6324:
6318:
6297:
6284:
6259:
6253:
6228:
6187:
6181:
6168:
6154:
6129:
6115:
6098:
6089:
6083:
6066:
6052:
6039:
6023:(PhD thesis).
6016:
5990:(1): 123â134.
5977:
5971:
5954:
5914:
5908:
5895:
5889:
5872:
5866:
5849:
5843:
5826:
5812:
5791:
5785:
5772:
5766:
5753:
5747:
5723:
5717:
5701:
5695:
5682:
5676:
5659:
5633:(2): 111â180.
5622:
5582:
5539:
5484:
5476:Bhreathnach, E
5472:
5421:
5403:
5360:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5302:
5276:(2): 147â167.
5260:
5254:
5238:
5218:
5198:
5192:
5175:
5159:, ed. (1855).
5153:
5137:, ed. (1867).
5131:
5125:
5108:
5082:
5058:
5024:(2): 129â161.
5011:
4997:
4977:
4971:
4954:
4934:, ed. (1847).
4928:
4908:
4888:
4863:
4827:
4807:
4781:
4775:
4761:, ed. (2006).
4755:
4717:
4705:, ed. (1885).
4699:
4668:
4649:
4629:, ed. (1908).
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4609:
4590:
4562:
4550:
4542:Edmonds (2015)
4534:
4518:
4486:
4446:
4410:
4393:
4377:
4365:
4361:Downham (2007)
4349:
4333:
4294:
4247:
4245:p. 333 n. 161.
4223:
4172:
4144:
4099:
4083:
4077:p. 127 n. 61;
4067:
4044:
4028:
4016:
4000:Downham (2013)
3992:
3988:Downham (2007)
3984:Edmonds (2015)
3976:
3972:Downham (2007)
3970:pp. 125, 173;
3960:
3948:Swanton (1998)
3940:Downham (2007)
3924:Downham (2013)
3912:
3885:Downham (2013)
3866:
3842:Downham (2007)
3834:Downham (2013)
3826:
3814:
3786:
3766:Downham (2007)
3732:
3708:Downham (2007)
3700:
3681:
3671:p. 154 n. 23;
3649:
3635:p. 154 n. 23;
3613:
3594:
3580:pp. 149, 154;
3574:Howlett (2000)
3566:Bartrum (2009)
3558:
3542:
3513:
3501:
3477:
3461:
3453:Clancy (2006c)
3437:Edmonds (2014)
3425:
3413:Clancy (2006c)
3409:Downham (2007)
3389:Edmonds (2014)
3373:
3361:
3337:
3321:
3309:
3277:
3249:Forsyth (2005)
3241:Clancy (2006c)
3237:Downham (2007)
3209:Edmonds (2014)
3189:
3157:
3145:
3133:
3113:
3093:
3077:
3065:Downham (2007)
3057:
3037:
3020:
3012:Downham (2007)
3004:
2996:Clancy (2006a)
2988:
2976:
2964:Bartrum (2009)
2952:
2944:Edmonds (2014)
2936:Edmonds (2015)
2928:
2902:Edmonds (2014)
2894:Edmonds (2015)
2886:
2842:Clancy (2006c)
2838:Clancy (2006a)
2834:Downham (2007)
2815:Bartrum (2009)
2803:Edmonds (2014)
2791:Edmonds (2015)
2776:
2744:Clancy (2006c)
2740:Clancy (2006a)
2736:Downham (2007)
2732:Bartrum (2009)
2720:Edmonds (2014)
2708:Edmonds (2015)
2696:
2667:
2631:
2615:Downham (2007)
2611:Sheehan (2008)
2595:
2583:
2573:p. 294 n. 64;
2571:Sheehan (2008)
2563:
2555:Edmonds (2014)
2547:
2511:Downham (2007)
2493:Downham (2011)
2485:
2413:Downham (2007)
2398:Sheehan (2008)
2378:Downham (2013)
2370:Edmonds (2014)
2351:Downham (2018)
2343:
2333:pp. 240, 259;
2331:Downham (2007)
2309:Edmonds (2014)
2301:
2225:Downham (2007)
2180:Downham (2011)
2168:Downham (2013)
2156:Edmonds (2014)
2133:
2121:
2109:
2097:
2073:
2037:
2027:pp. 149, 154;
2019:pp. 286, 642;
2017:Bartrum (2009)
2009:
1997:
1981:
1921:Bartrum (2009)
1909:Edmonds (2014)
1893:
1877:
1855:pp. 149, 154;
1837:Downham (2007)
1833:Bartrum (2009)
1829:Edmonds (2015)
1821:
1806:Howlett (2000)
1798:
1794:Downham (2007)
1786:
1774:
1754:
1738:Downham (2007)
1718:
1708:pp. 148, 153;
1690:Downham (2007)
1674:
1670:Bartrum (2009)
1662:
1602:
1582:
1570:
1558:
1554:Bartrum (2009)
1546:
1534:
1526:Bartrum (2009)
1510:
1494:
1482:
1434:Clancy (2006b)
1430:Clancy (2006a)
1422:Downham (2007)
1418:Bartrum (2009)
1382:
1365:pp. 149, 154;
1359:Howlett (2000)
1351:Bartrum (2009)
1342:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1306:
1293:
1280:StrĂŠtcledwalas
1266:
1229:
1220:
1207:
1192:
1172:Rhun ap Artgal
1164:Rhun ab Arthal
1146:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1004:
1002:
1000:
998:
996:
993:
992:
990:
987:
986:
984:
982:
979:
978:
975:
974:
972:
969:
968:
966:
963:
962:
960:
957:
956:
953:
952:
950:
948:
946:
943:
942:
940:
937:
936:
934:
932:
929:
928:
925:
924:
922:
919:
918:
916:
913:
912:
910:
907:
906:
903:
902:
900:
898:
896:
894:
892:
890:
888:
885:
884:
882:
879:
878:
876:
869:
866:
865:
862:
861:
859:
856:
855:
853:
850:
849:
847:
844:
843:
840:
839:
837:
835:
833:
830:
829:
827:
824:
823:
821:
819:
816:
815:
812:
811:
809:
806:
805:
803:
800:
799:
797:
794:
793:
790:
789:
787:
785:
783:
781:
779:
776:
775:
773:
770:
769:
767:
761:
758:
757:
754:
753:
751:
748:
747:
745:
742:
741:
739:
736:
735:
732:
731:
729:
727:
725:
722:
721:
719:
716:
715:
713:
707:
704:
703:
700:
699:
697:
694:
693:
691:
688:
687:
681:
679:
677:
675:
673:
671:
669:
667:
665:
658:
657:
651:
649:
646:
558:
555:
453:
450:
294:
291:
165:
162:
103:
102:
99:
95:
94:
92:
91:
85:
79:
77:
71:
70:
67:
66:
61:
57:
56:
50:
49:
34:
26:
25:
17:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8184:
8173:
8170:
8168:
8165:
8164:
8162:
8144:
8143:
8140:
8134:
8133:
8129:
8127:
8124:
8122:
8121:
8117:
8115:
8112:
8110:
8109:
8105:
8103:
8100:
8098:
8095:
8093:
8090:
8088:
8087:
8083:
8081:
8078:
8076:
8075:
8071:
8070:
8067:
8063:
8056:
8051:
8049:
8044:
8042:
8037:
8036:
8033:
8020:
8019:
8015:
8013:
8010:
8008:
8005:
8003:
8000:
7998:
7995:
7993:
7992:Dumnagual III
7990:
7988:
7985:
7983:
7980:
7978:
7975:
7973:
7970:
7968:
7965:
7963:
7960:
7959:
7957:
7953:
7947:
7944:
7942:
7939:
7937:
7934:
7932:
7929:
7927:
7924:
7922:
7919:
7917:
7914:
7912:
7909:
7907:
7904:
7903:
7901:
7897:
7893:
7889:
7885:
7878:
7873:
7871:
7866:
7864:
7859:
7858:
7855:
7845:
7839:
7835:
7830:
7827:
7826:
7819:
7814:
7809:
7808:
7801:
7800:
7794:
7788:
7783:
7776:
7768:
7762:
7758:
7754:
7750:
7746:
7742:
7738:
7732:
7728:
7724:
7720:
7716:
7711:
7707:
7701:
7697:
7692:
7688:
7686:1-85264-047-2
7682:
7678:
7674:
7670:
7666:
7660:
7656:
7651:
7647:
7643:
7639:
7635:
7631:
7627:
7623:
7619:
7614:
7610:
7606:
7602:
7598:
7594:
7589:
7585:
7583:0-7486-0100-7
7579:
7575:
7571:
7567:
7563:
7559:
7555:
7554:David Douglas
7551:
7550:
7544:
7540:
7536:
7532:
7528:
7524:
7520:
7516:
7512:
7507:
7503:
7501:0-19-285434-8
7497:
7493:
7489:
7485:
7481:
7477:
7473:
7469:
7465:
7461:
7457:
7453:
7449:
7445:
7444:
7438:
7434:
7430:
7426:
7422:
7415:
7410:
7406:
7400:
7396:
7391:
7390:
7384:
7379:
7375:
7369:
7365:
7361:
7356:
7352:
7350:0-19-285434-8
7346:
7342:
7337:
7333:
7329:
7325:
7321:
7317:
7313:
7309:
7305:
7300:
7296:
7292:
7288:
7284:
7280:
7275:
7271:
7267:
7263:
7259:
7255:
7251:
7247:
7243:
7239:
7235:
7231:
7227:
7223:
7219:
7215:
7209:
7205:
7201:
7196:
7192:
7188:
7184:
7180:
7175:
7170:
7166:
7162:
7158:
7154:
7150:
7146:
7145:
7139:
7135:
7131:
7127:
7123:
7119:
7115:
7114:
7108:
7104:
7100:
7097:(3): 83â103.
7096:
7092:
7088:
7083:
7079:
7077:0-7486-1110-X
7073:
7069:
7064:
7060:
7056:
7052:
7048:
7043:
7039:
7035:
7031:
7027:
7023:
7019:
7015:
7011:
7006:
7002:
7000:0-906602-46-7
6996:
6992:
6987:
6982:
6977:
6973:
6970:(MA thesis).
6969:
6964:
6960:
6954:
6938:
6934:
6930:
6926:
6922:
6907:
6903:
6899:
6898:
6892:
6886:
6882:
6880:0-8020-3601-5
6876:
6872:
6868:
6864:
6860:
6855:
6851:
6839:
6822:
6817:
6813:
6809:
6807:0-313-29087-3
6803:
6799:
6798:
6792:
6788:
6782:
6778:
6773:
6769:
6765:
6761:
6757:
6753:
6749:
6745:
6741:
6740:
6734:
6729:
6724:
6720:
6715:
6711:
6707:
6703:
6699:
6695:
6691:
6687:
6683:
6682:
6676:
6672:
6669:(MA thesis).
6668:
6667:
6661:
6657:
6651:
6647:
6643:
6639:
6635:
6629:
6625:
6621:
6616:
6612:
6610:9781118396957
6606:
6602:
6598:
6595:. p. 1.
6594:
6590:
6585:
6581:
6577:
6573:
6569:
6565:
6561:
6557:
6553:
6549:
6544:
6540:
6536:
6532:
6528:
6524:
6520:
6516:
6512:
6508:
6504:
6503:
6495:
6490:
6486:
6482:
6478:
6474:
6470:
6466:
6462:
6458:
6457:
6452:
6447:
6443:
6439:
6435:
6431:
6427:
6423:
6419:
6415:
6411:
6406:
6402:
6398:
6394:
6390:
6386:
6382:
6378:
6374:
6369:
6365:
6363:0-7486-1626-8
6359:
6355:
6351:
6347:
6343:
6337:
6333:
6329:
6325:
6321:
6315:
6311:
6307:
6303:
6298:
6294:
6290:
6285:
6281:
6277:
6273:
6269:
6265:
6260:
6256:
6250:
6246:
6242:
6238:
6234:
6229:
6225:
6221:
6217:
6213:
6209:
6205:
6202:(2): 95â114.
6201:
6197:
6193:
6188:
6184:
6182:1-85109-445-8
6178:
6174:
6169:
6165:
6161:
6157:
6151:
6147:
6143:
6139:
6136:. Cambridge:
6135:
6130:
6126:
6122:
6118:
6112:
6108:
6104:
6099:
6095:
6090:
6086:
6080:
6076:
6073:. Edinburgh:
6072:
6067:
6063:
6059:
6055:
6049:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6026:
6022:
6017:
6013:
6009:
6005:
6001:
5997:
5993:
5989:
5985:
5984:
5978:
5974:
5972:0-7185-1197-2
5968:
5964:
5960:
5955:
5951:
5936:
5932:
5928:
5927:
5921:
5915:
5911:
5905:
5901:
5896:
5892:
5886:
5882:
5878:
5873:
5869:
5863:
5859:
5855:
5850:
5846:
5840:
5836:
5832:
5827:
5823:
5819:
5815:
5809:
5805:
5801:
5797:
5792:
5788:
5786:1-85109-445-8
5782:
5778:
5773:
5769:
5767:1-85109-445-8
5763:
5759:
5754:
5750:
5748:1-85109-445-8
5744:
5740:
5736:
5732:
5728:
5724:
5720:
5714:
5710:
5706:
5702:
5698:
5696:0-313-32295-3
5692:
5688:
5683:
5679:
5673:
5669:
5666:. Edinburgh:
5665:
5660:
5656:
5652:
5648:
5644:
5640:
5636:
5632:
5628:
5623:
5619:
5604:
5600:
5596:
5595:
5589:
5583:
5579:
5564:
5560:
5556:
5555:
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5544:
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5536:
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5528:
5524:
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5516:
5512:
5508:
5504:
5500:
5496:
5492:
5491:
5485:
5481:
5477:
5473:
5469:
5465:
5461:
5457:
5453:
5449:
5445:
5441:
5437:
5433:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5418:
5414:
5413:
5408:
5404:
5400:
5385:
5381:
5377:
5376:
5370:
5365:
5361:
5357:
5353:
5349:
5345:
5341:
5337:
5333:
5329:
5328:
5320:
5316:
5312:
5311:
5306:
5299:
5295:
5291:
5287:
5283:
5279:
5275:
5271:
5270:
5265:
5261:
5257:
5255:0-203-43950-3
5251:
5247:
5243:
5239:
5227:
5223:
5219:
5207:
5203:
5199:
5195:
5193:0-415-92129-5
5189:
5185:
5181:
5176:
5172:
5168:
5164:
5163:
5158:
5154:
5150:
5146:
5142:
5141:
5136:
5132:
5128:
5126:0-85991-491-7
5122:
5118:
5114:
5109:
5105:
5101:
5097:
5096:
5091:
5087:
5086:Phillimore, E
5083:
5079:
5073:
5065:
5064:
5059:
5055:
5051:
5047:
5043:
5039:
5035:
5031:
5027:
5023:
5019:
5018:
5012:
5008:
5004:
5000:
4998:0-313-29567-0
4994:
4990:
4986:
4982:
4978:
4974:
4972:1-85182-455-3
4968:
4964:
4960:
4955:
4951:
4947:
4943:
4939:
4938:
4933:
4929:
4917:
4913:
4909:
4897:
4893:
4889:
4885:
4881:
4877:
4873:
4869:
4864:
4860:
4854:
4838:
4837:
4832:
4828:
4816:
4812:
4808:
4796:
4792:
4791:
4786:
4782:
4778:
4772:
4768:
4764:
4760:
4756:
4752:
4746:
4730:
4726:
4722:
4718:
4714:
4710:
4709:
4704:
4700:
4696:
4692:
4688:
4684:
4680:
4676:
4675:
4669:
4665:
4661:
4657:
4656:
4650:
4646:
4642:
4638:
4634:
4633:
4628:
4624:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4606:
4601:
4599:
4597:
4595:
4591:
4587:
4586:Broun (2004c)
4583:
4579:
4575:
4571:
4566:
4563:
4559:
4554:
4551:
4547:
4543:
4538:
4535:
4531:
4527:
4522:
4519:
4515:
4511:
4507:
4506:Broun (2004b)
4504:ch. 11 ¶ 48;
4503:
4499:
4495:
4490:
4487:
4483:
4479:
4476:pp. 216â217;
4475:
4471:
4467:
4463:
4462:Broun (2004b)
4459:
4455:
4450:
4447:
4443:
4440:pp. 366â367;
4439:
4435:
4431:
4427:
4423:
4419:
4414:
4411:
4407:
4402:
4400:
4398:
4394:
4390:
4386:
4381:
4378:
4374:
4369:
4366:
4362:
4358:
4353:
4350:
4346:
4342:
4337:
4334:
4330:
4328:
4323:
4319:
4315:
4312:p. 40 § 128;
4311:
4307:
4303:
4298:
4295:
4291:
4289:
4284:
4281:p. 353 n. 3;
4280:
4276:
4272:
4268:
4264:
4260:
4259:Duncan (2002)
4256:
4255:Walker (2013)
4251:
4248:
4244:
4240:
4236:
4235:Broun (2004a)
4232:
4227:
4224:
4220:
4218:
4213:
4209:
4205:
4201:
4197:
4193:
4189:
4188:Duncan (2002)
4185:
4181:
4180:Walker (2013)
4176:
4173:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4154:pp. 111â112;
4153:
4148:
4145:
4141:
4139:
4134:
4130:
4129:Duncan (2002)
4126:
4125:Calise (2002)
4122:
4120:
4115:
4114:Walker (2013)
4111:
4109:
4103:
4100:
4096:
4092:
4087:
4084:
4080:
4076:
4075:Broun (2004c)
4071:
4068:
4064:
4062:
4057:
4053:
4048:
4045:
4041:
4037:
4032:
4029:
4025:
4020:
4017:
4013:
4012:Davies (2009)
4009:
4008:Clancy (2009)
4005:
4002:p. 21 n. 62;
4001:
3996:
3993:
3989:
3985:
3980:
3977:
3973:
3969:
3964:
3961:
3957:
3953:
3949:
3945:
3941:
3937:
3936:Davies (2009)
3933:
3929:
3925:
3922:ch. 3 n. 25;
3921:
3916:
3913:
3909:
3905:
3904:Duncan (2002)
3901:
3897:
3895:
3890:
3886:
3882:
3878:
3876:
3870:
3867:
3863:
3859:
3855:
3851:
3850:Duncan (2002)
3847:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3830:
3827:
3823:
3818:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3790:
3787:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3771:
3768:pp. 23, 259;
3767:
3763:
3759:
3757:
3752:
3748:
3744:
3742:
3736:
3733:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3709:
3704:
3701:
3697:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3682:
3678:
3675:pp. 203â204;
3674:
3670:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3653:
3650:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3629:Durkan (1998)
3626:
3622:
3617:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3601:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3587:
3584:p. 174 n. 2;
3583:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3562:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3546:
3543:
3539:
3537:
3532:
3530:
3525:
3523:
3517:
3514:
3510:
3505:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3489:Walker (2013)
3486:
3481:
3478:
3474:
3473:Davies (2009)
3470:
3465:
3462:
3458:
3454:
3451:p. 322 n. 4;
3450:
3446:
3442:
3441:Davies (2009)
3438:
3434:
3429:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3405:Davies (2009)
3402:
3399:ch. 11 ¶ 46;
3398:
3394:
3391:pp. 200â201;
3390:
3386:
3382:
3377:
3374:
3370:
3365:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3353:Arnold (1885)
3350:
3346:
3341:
3338:
3334:
3333:Davies (2009)
3330:
3325:
3322:
3318:
3317:Fraser (2012)
3313:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3299:ch. 11 ¶ 46;
3298:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3281:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3229:Davies (2009)
3226:
3223:ch. 11 ¶ 46;
3222:
3218:
3215:pp. 480â481;
3214:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3193:
3190:
3186:
3183:pp. 172â173;
3182:
3178:
3175:pp. 159â160;
3174:
3170:
3166:
3161:
3158:
3154:
3149:
3146:
3142:
3141:Walker (2013)
3137:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3117:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3097:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3081:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3069:Broun (2004a)
3066:
3061:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3049:Walker (2013)
3046:
3041:
3038:
3034:
3029:
3027:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3008:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2992:
2989:
2986:p. 127 n. 61.
2985:
2984:Broun (2004b)
2980:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2956:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2932:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2920:Calise (2002)
2917:
2915:
2910:
2908:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2890:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2864:pp. 110â111;
2863:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2850:Calise (2002)
2847:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2829:
2824:
2823:Davies (2009)
2820:
2819:Clancy (2009)
2816:
2812:
2808:
2807:Walker (2013)
2804:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2786:
2780:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2758:pp. 110â111;
2757:
2753:
2749:
2748:Calise (2002)
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2724:Walker (2013)
2721:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2700:
2697:
2693:
2691:
2686:
2684:
2679:
2677:
2671:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2649:ch. 11 ¶ 45;
2648:
2644:
2640:
2635:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2599:
2596:
2592:
2587:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2567:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2551:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2529:§ 38 n. 142;
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2506:
2501:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2486:
2483:p. 337 n. 36.
2482:
2481:Beaven (1918)
2479:pp. 302â303;
2478:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2433:Sawyer (2001)
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2404:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2362:Wadden (2016)
2359:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2322:
2317:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2302:
2299:p. 337 n. 36.
2298:
2297:Beaven (1918)
2295:pp. 301â302;
2294:
2290:
2286:
2285:McTurk (1976)
2282:
2281:Brooks (1979)
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2220:
2215:
2213:
2208:
2204:
2203:Davies (2009)
2200:
2198:
2193:
2190:pp. 123â124;
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2176:Fraser (2012)
2173:
2172:Walker (2013)
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2134:
2130:
2125:
2122:
2118:
2113:
2110:
2106:
2101:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2077:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2063:p. 41 § 133;
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2041:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2013:
2010:
2006:
2001:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1985:
1982:
1978:
1975:pp. 172â173;
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1933:Broun (2004c)
1931:p. 324 n. 1;
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1897:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1881:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1845:Broun (2004c)
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1825:
1822:
1818:
1816:
1811:
1807:
1802:
1799:
1795:
1790:
1787:
1783:
1778:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1758:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1722:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1678:
1675:
1671:
1666:
1663:
1659:
1656:pp. 172â173;
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1640:pp. 159â160;
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1622:Broun (2004c)
1619:
1615:
1611:
1606:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1586:
1583:
1579:
1574:
1571:
1567:
1562:
1559:
1555:
1550:
1547:
1543:
1538:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1514:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1498:
1495:
1491:
1486:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1442:Broun (2004b)
1439:
1438:Broun (2004a)
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1402:Walker (2013)
1399:
1395:
1391:
1386:
1383:
1379:
1377:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1347:
1344:
1338:
1329:
1323:
1317:
1310:
1307:
1303:
1297:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1270:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1240:
1233:
1230:
1224:
1221:
1217:
1211:
1208:
1204:
1203:
1196:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1151:
1148:
1141:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1085:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1075:
1074:
1069:
1068:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1049:
1048:
1043:
1042:
1035:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1025:
1024:
1019:
1018:
1013:
1012:
1009:
1008:
995:
994:
989:
988:
981:
980:
977:
976:
971:
970:
965:
964:
959:
958:
955:
954:
945:
944:
939:
938:
931:
930:
927:
926:
921:
920:
915:
914:
909:
908:
905:
904:
887:
886:
881:
880:
874:
868:
867:
864:
863:
858:
857:
852:
851:
846:
845:
842:
841:
832:
831:
826:
825:
818:
817:
814:
813:
808:
807:
802:
801:
796:
795:
792:
791:
778:
777:
772:
771:
766:
760:
759:
756:
755:
750:
749:
744:
743:
738:
737:
734:
733:
724:
723:
718:
717:
712:
706:
705:
702:
701:
696:
695:
690:
689:
686:
680:
664:
663:
660:
659:
655:
654:
647:
645:
643:
639:
634:
628:
623:
619:
614:
612:
608:
604:
600:
595:
590:
586:
582:
573:
568:
563:
556:
554:
552:
551:
546:
542:
537:
532:
528:
519:
514:
513:
508:
503:
499:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
469:
468:
463:
458:
451:
449:
446:
440:
438:
434:
430:
424:
422:
418:
414:
406:
400:
396:
394:
390:
386:
378:
377:
372:
368:
365:The names of
363:
359:
357:
353:
352:
346:
345:
340:
339:
334:
333:
328:
324:
320:
316:
308:
304:
299:
292:
290:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
271:
266:
265:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
232:
227:
226:
221:
216:
212:
210:
206:
202:
198:
197:
191:
189:
185:
181:
180:
170:
163:
161:
159:
155:
150:
148:
144:
140:
135:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
100:
96:
89:
86:
84:
81:
80:
78:
76:
72:
68:
65:
62:
58:
55:
51:
45:
40:
39:
32:
27:
22:
16:
8130:
8118:
8106:
8084:
8079:
8072:
8017:
8016:
8007:Dumnagual IV
7972:Dumnagual II
7833:
7823:
7817:
7805:
7798:
7797:
7752:
7714:
7695:
7676:
7654:
7621:
7617:
7592:
7573:
7548:
7514:
7510:
7491:
7447:
7441:
7424:
7420:
7388:
7363:
7340:
7307:
7303:
7286:
7282:
7229:
7225:
7222:Ă CorrĂĄin, D
7199:
7148:
7142:
7129:
7112:
7094:
7090:
7067:
7054:
7050:
7013:
7009:
6990:
6967:
6941:. Retrieved
6932:
6929:"Inverdovat"
6909:. Retrieved
6895:
6862:
6826:. Retrieved
6821:the original
6796:
6776:
6743:
6737:
6718:
6685:
6679:
6665:
6645:
6623:
6588:
6555:
6551:
6506:
6500:
6463:(1): 43â66.
6460:
6454:
6417:
6413:
6376:
6372:
6353:
6331:
6328:Dumville, DN
6309:
6292:
6274:(1): 36â37.
6271:
6267:
6240:
6199:
6195:
6172:
6133:
6102:
6093:
6070:
6043:
6020:
5987:
5981:
5958:
5938:. Retrieved
5924:
5899:
5876:
5853:
5830:
5799:
5776:
5757:
5734:
5708:
5686:
5663:
5630:
5626:
5606:. Retrieved
5592:
5566:. Retrieved
5552:
5494:
5488:
5479:
5435:
5429:
5411:
5387:. Retrieved
5373:
5364:Anderson, MO
5331:
5325:
5273:
5267:
5245:
5242:Whitelock, D
5230:. Retrieved
5225:
5210:. Retrieved
5205:
5182:. New York:
5179:
5161:
5157:Stevenson, J
5139:
5112:
5099:
5093:
5062:
5021:
5015:
4984:
4958:
4936:
4920:. Retrieved
4915:
4900:. Retrieved
4895:
4871:
4841:. Retrieved
4834:
4819:. Retrieved
4814:
4799:. Retrieved
4788:
4762:
4733:. Retrieved
4724:
4707:
4678:
4672:
4654:
4631:
4627:Anderson, AO
4565:
4558:Woolf (2007)
4553:
4537:
4528:ch. 3 ¶ 24;
4521:
4514:Smyth (1989)
4500:ch. 8 ¶ 24;
4496:ch. 3 ¶ 24;
4489:
4482:Skene (1867)
4474:Smyth (1989)
4458:Woolf (2007)
4456:ch. 3 ¶ 24;
4449:
4442:Skene (1867)
4413:
4387:ch. 3 ¶ 24;
4380:
4368:
4359:ch. 3 ¶ 24;
4352:
4343:ch. 3 ¶ 24;
4336:
4326:
4322:Skene (1867)
4318:Skene (1886)
4297:
4287:
4283:Skene (1886)
4275:Smyth (1989)
4269:§ 40 n. 50;
4257:ch. 1 ¶ 46;
4250:
4241:§ 40 n. 50;
4231:Woolf (2007)
4226:
4216:
4212:Skene (1867)
4208:Skene (1886)
4200:Smyth (1989)
4184:Woolf (2007)
4182:ch. 1 ¶ 46;
4175:
4168:Skene (1867)
4156:Smyth (1989)
4152:Woolf (2007)
4147:
4137:
4118:
4116:ch. 1 ¶ 46;
4107:
4102:
4093:ch. 3 ¶ 24;
4086:
4070:
4060:
4056:Skene (1867)
4047:
4031:
4019:
4004:Woolf (2010)
3995:
3990:pp. 162â162.
3979:
3963:
3950:pp. 74, 75;
3944:Woolf (2007)
3915:
3900:Woolf (2007)
3893:
3874:
3869:
3862:Skene (1867)
3846:Woolf (2007)
3829:
3817:
3789:
3755:
3740:
3735:
3728:Skene (1867)
3703:
3693:
3684:
3663:ch. 8 ¶ 22;
3659:ch. 3 ¶ 21;
3652:
3647:p. 39 § 126.
3627:ch. 8 ¶ 22;
3616:
3607:ch. 3 ¶ 21;
3590:Skene (1867)
3576:pp. 53, 55;
3570:Woolf (2007)
3561:
3554:Woolf (2007)
3552:ch. 3 ¶ 23;
3545:
3535:
3528:
3521:
3516:
3504:
3491:ch. 1 ¶ 42;
3487:ch. 3 ¶ 18;
3480:
3469:Woolf (2010)
3464:
3457:Hicks (2003)
3428:
3421:Hicks (2003)
3403:ch. 8 ¶ 26;
3395:ch. 8 ¶ 23;
3387:ch. 3 ¶ 11;
3376:
3364:
3340:
3324:
3312:
3303:ch. 8 ¶ 22;
3295:ch. 8 ¶ 23;
3291:ch. 3 ¶ 13;
3280:
3263:pp. 32, 34;
3261:Hicks (2003)
3227:ch. 8 ¶ 22;
3219:ch. 8 ¶ 23;
3197:Foley (2017)
3192:
3185:Skene (1867)
3173:Woolf (1998)
3167:ch. 3 ¶ 18;
3160:
3155:ch. 11 ¶ 46.
3148:
3136:
3116:
3096:
3080:
3060:
3051:ch. 1 ¶ 42;
3047:ch. 3 ¶ 18;
3040:
3007:
2991:
2979:
2968:Woolf (2007)
2962:ch. 3 ¶ 11;
2955:
2940:Evans (2015)
2931:
2926:p. 304 n. 2.
2913:
2906:
2898:Evans (2015)
2889:
2848:pp. 16, 30;
2846:Hicks (2003)
2827:
2811:Woolf (2010)
2809:ch. 1 ¶ 42;
2795:Evans (2015)
2784:
2779:
2754:pp. 16, 30;
2752:Hicks (2003)
2728:Woolf (2010)
2726:ch. 1 ¶ 42;
2712:Evans (2015)
2706:p. 5 n. 15;
2699:
2689:
2682:
2675:
2670:
2645:ch. 8 ¶ 21;
2634:
2598:
2586:
2581:p. 30 § 871.
2566:
2550:
2545:p. 303 n. 1.
2504:
2497:
2488:
2457:Smyth (1989)
2425:Hicks (2003)
2417:Woolf (2007)
2409:Broun (2007)
2402:
2392:ch. 8 ¶ 20;
2382:Gigov (2011)
2355:
2346:
2341:p. 303 n. 1.
2327:Broun (2007)
2320:
2313:
2304:
2273:Smyth (1989)
2241:Hicks (2003)
2229:Woolf (2007)
2218:
2211:
2196:
2194:ch. 8 ¶ 20;
2184:Gigov (2011)
2174:ch. 1 ¶ 40;
2145:
2136:
2129:Yorke (2009)
2124:
2112:
2100:
2093:Giles (1847)
2083:ch. 3 ¶ 22;
2076:
2069:Skene (1867)
2047:ch. 3 ¶ 22;
2040:
2033:Skene (1867)
2012:
2000:
1984:
1977:Skene (1867)
1949:Woolf (1998)
1925:Woolf (2007)
1896:
1891:ch. 11 ¶ 38.
1887:ch. 8 ¶ 19;
1880:
1873:Skene (1867)
1824:
1814:
1810:Skene (1867)
1801:
1789:
1777:
1757:
1742:Woolf (2007)
1736:ch. 8 ¶ 19;
1732:ch. 8 ¶ 19;
1726:Evans (2015)
1721:
1714:Skene (1867)
1694:Woolf (2007)
1688:ch. 8 ¶ 19;
1682:Evans (2015)
1677:
1665:
1658:Skene (1867)
1638:Woolf (1998)
1605:
1585:
1578:Woolf (1998)
1573:
1566:Woolf (2007)
1561:
1549:
1537:
1513:
1497:
1485:
1466:Woolf (1998)
1426:Woolf (2007)
1390:Evans (2015)
1385:
1375:
1371:Skene (1867)
1361:pp. 53, 55;
1355:Woolf (2007)
1346:
1309:
1301:
1296:
1274:
1269:
1252:Northumbrian
1237:
1232:
1223:
1215:
1210:
1200:
1195:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1150:
637:
621:
617:
615:
584:
580:
578:
548:
540:
535:
530:
526:
524:
510:
505:The name of
485:
475:
473:
465:
441:
425:
410:
388:
384:
382:
374:
349:
342:
336:
330:
312:
268:
262:
254:
242:
240:
223:
194:
192:
177:
175:
151:
136:
107:
106:
36:
15:
8132:MĂĄel Coluim
8114:MĂĄel Coluim
8021:(uncertain)
7749:Stafford, P
7673:Williams, A
7310:: 296â339.
7151:: 165â189.
7016:(1): 3â24.
6981:10852/58231
6869:. pp.
6865:. Toronto:
6746:: 317â345.
6688:(1): 1â25.
6548:Campbell, E
6350:Duncan, AAM
6306:Sheridan, A
5835:John Donald
5796:Boardman, S
5407:Bartrum, PC
5334:: 103â113.
5232:12 February
5212:12 February
5117:D.S. Brewer
5095:Y Cymmrodor
4942:George Bell
4843:15 February
4821:12 February
4801:12 February
4735:19 February
4681:(1): 1â56.
4588:p. 135 tab.
4578:Oram (2011)
4546:Oram (2011)
4472:pp. 55â56;
4408:ch. 3 ¶ 24.
4375:ch. 8 ¶ 25.
4097:ch. 8 ¶ 25.
4081:p. 13 n. 2.
3836:pp. 21â22;
3824:ch. 3 ¶ 23.
3796:pp. 11â12;
3611:ch. 8 ¶ 22.
3499:ch. 8 ¶ 20.
3493:Oram (2011)
3459:pp. 16, 30.
3259:pp. 81â82;
3255:pp. 8, 10;
3233:Oram (2008)
3143:ch. 1 ¶ 42.
3055:ch. 8 ¶ 21.
3035:ch. 3 ¶ 18.
2651:Oram (2011)
2641:ch. 3 ¶ 9;
2627:Holm (1986)
2625:pp. 50â51;
2605:ch. 3 ¶ 9;
2575:Holm (1986)
2461:Holm (1986)
2368:pp. 3, 11;
2277:Holm (1986)
2154:pp. 3, 11;
2107:ch. 3 ¶ 22.
2007:ch. 8 ¶ 23.
1995:ch. 8 ¶ 23.
1991:pp. 22â23;
1903:pp. 22â23;
1752:p. 12 n. 3.
1696:pp. 93â95;
1410:Oram (2011)
429:River Clyde
421:East Anglia
417:Northumbria
413:puppet king
273:identifies
143:River Clyde
60:Predecessor
8161:Categories
8126:Owain Foel
8002:Riderch II
7890:rulers of
7450:: 99â114.
7126:McTurk, RW
6923:required.)
6642:Fraser, JE
6618:Forte, A;
6254:0903903229
6237:Breeze, DJ
6164:2017034607
6034:1842/23321
5952:required.)
5727:Clancy, TO
5620:required.)
5608:3 December
5580:required.)
5401:required.)
4981:Hudson, BT
4961:. Dublin:
4940:. London:
4637:David Nutt
4635:. London:
4614:References
4391:pp. 54â55.
4327:Inverdovat
4288:Inverdovat
4217:Inverdovat
4138:Inverdovat
3307:pp. 8, 10.
3287:pp. 5, 7;
3203:pp. 5, 7;
3018:pp. 12â13.
2704:Guy (2016)
1989:Guy (2016)
1901:Guy (2016)
1610:Guy (2016)
875:(died 872)
594:Inverdufat
491:Cath Lures
405:Viking Age
8108:Rhydderch
7997:Eugein II
7892:Dumbarton
7646:0036-9241
7638:1750-0222
7601:1545-0155
7572:(1989) .
7570:Smyth, AP
7562:23285305M
7539:0065-101X
7531:1600-0390
7488:Sawyer, P
7480:162989689
7472:0263-6751
7464:1474-0532
7433:0141-6340
7427:: 49â70.
7332:0332-1592
7324:2034-6506
7295:1393-5259
7270:182393802
7254:0021-1214
7246:2056-4139
7183:0003-5815
7174:1893/2122
7165:1758-5309
7103:1833-3419
7038:0020-157X
7030:1745-5219
6848:ignored (
6838:cite book
6816:0885-9159
6777:The Picts
6768:0332-1592
6760:2034-6506
6728:1842/7401
6710:0043-2431
6702:0083-792X
6572:1471-5767
6564:1766-2028
6539:154125108
6531:0304-4181
6523:1873-1279
6485:162103346
6477:1468-0254
6442:0036-9241
6434:1750-0222
6401:0020-157X
6393:1745-5219
6280:1475-5270
6224:0020-157X
6216:1745-5219
6125:2051-6509
6062:0261-9865
6012:0065-101X
6004:1600-0390
5822:0261-9865
5655:0020-157X
5647:1745-5219
5545:(2004a).
5535:159670976
5519:0080-4401
5511:1474-0648
5460:0013-8266
5452:1477-4534
5409:(2009) .
5356:0081-1564
5348:2056-743X
5315:Alcock, L
5298:0020-157X
5290:1745-5219
5184:Routledge
5149:23286818M
5135:Skene, WF
5072:cite book
5063:Lat. 4126
5046:0036-9241
5038:1750-0222
5007:0885-9159
4950:25531732M
4932:Giles, JA
4922:1 October
4902:1 October
4884:0343-0820
4703:Arnold, T
4695:162902103
4664:14712679M
4123:§ 876.1;
4112:§ 876.1;
4065:fol. 29r.
4061:Lat. 4126
3898:§ 875.3;
3879:§ 875.3;
3760:§ 873.3;
3745:§ 873.3;
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1376:Lat. 4126
1339:Citations
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