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Punitive operations targeted the West Nile region, causing many civilians to flee to Sudan. However, most of the surviving supporters of the coup were treated leniently, as their cause was relatively popular among the military. The
President organized a commission of inquiry which put most of the blame for the events on the government. A subsequent military tribunal of the coup plotters also did not proceed according to Amin's wishes. Elly Aseni was not prosecuted, and then released, as many Uganda Army members voiced their sympathy for him. Amin accepted this outcome, as he had been informed that other soldiers would attempt a coup if Aseni was convicted. Aseni subsequently retired with pay in Arua, and was later appointed ambassador to the Soviet Union. Bakka was also pardoned, and continued to serve in the army until 1979. In addition, Amin was forced to placate the troops by giving in to several initial demands of the coup plotters, including dismissing Marella and appointing Mustafa Adrisi as new chief of staff. Toweli was also sent away from Kampala. New personnel were appointed to lead the unpopular Military Police, including Lieutenant Colonel Albert Drajua as new commander, and orders were given to curtail its violent excesses. Marella retired in
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been overwhelmed, the putschists hesitated to enter the command post for about 10 minutes. Then, Arube reportedly got impatient and angry, and decided to capture Amin by himself. He ordered the others to wait, while he slowly entered the house through the front door, believing that the
President was hiding in one of the rooms. Instead, Amin had taken position just behind the door. After entering the building, Arube was promptly shot dead by Amin. The soldiers on the outside heard the shots, but could not see who had been killed. They heard someone shout "I have killed one, come quickly to my rescue", but unsure about who had died, they stayed put. After a few minutes, the loyalist Marine Regiment under Taban Lupayi arrived at the command post. Already demoralized and heavily outnumbered, the remaining putschists there surrendered. According to some tellings of the events, Amin personally addressed the mutineers in front of the command post, convincing them to lay down weapons by promising concessions and promotions.
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convince
Marella to vacate his position. Arube thanked them, and decided to tell them his decision at a second meeting. Instead, Arube and Aseni allied themselves with the discontented Lugbara troops garrisoned in Kampala, and began to plan a coup to depose Amin and purge the Uganda Army of foreigners. To maintain secrecy, Arube and Aseni decided to only inform others of their plans on the day of their supposed coup. They were sure that several other, lower-ranking officers would support them: These included Captain John Maturima, Isaac Bakka (son of then-Minister of Education Barnabas Kili), Second Lieutenant Moses Mawa, Captain John Simba, Captain Birimbo, Lieutenant Mazamir, and Sergeant Anguyo. The coup plotters assumed that most of the troops in Kampala would side with them when the coup started. Accordingly, they planned to mobilize the city's garrisons to seal off Kampala, preventing loyalist reinforcements from entering the city, while occupying important locations such as Radio Uganda and Uganda Television.
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they succeeded in murdering two. Several loyalist units, including tanks and APCs, eventually moved into
Kampala. At least one hundred soldiers were killed during the fighting. According to researcher Paul Nugent, Nubian soldiers proved crucial in defeating the revolting troops. Later radio announcements confirmed that Arube had attempted a coup, alleging that Arube had been "confusing" the Malire Battalion by spreading stories about a foreign invasion to manipulate them into rebelling. According to Bakka, one radio message was relayed by a captured putschist, Sergeant Toburo. It stated that Arube had committed suicide upon realizing that he could not defeat the President. Many soldiers who had not taken part in the coup were angry upon hearing of Arube's death, not necessarily out of sympathy for him but due to frustration about "the general situation". Orders were also broadcast to kill the known coup leaders, namely Aseni, Mawa, Maturima, and Bakka.
747:, falsely believing that the Military Police leader had fled north. Arube tried to convince Kisule to arrest Marella on sight, arguing that many people had been forcibly disappeared by Marella and his companions, while also threatening an attack by the Malire Battalion if the Artillery Regiment failed to act upon his appeals. Kisule refused to do anything without the President's orders, and ordered his troops to take defensive positions. No attack on Masindi by the putschists materialised. Instead, coup member Bakka arrived at Masindi to convince Kisule to arrest the foreigners. The Artillery Regiment commander still refused, arguing that Arube's coup was a "uprising against Muslim leadership" which would once again marginalize Muslims as they were under previous Ugandan governments. Bakka consequently left for
441:, namely Brigadier Charles Arube and Lieutenant Colonel Elly Aseni, proved to be particularly upset at the growing power of the military's foreign soldiers. In contrast to several of the officers recently promoted by the President, both were career soldiers. Arube had served as Uganda Army chief of staff, while Aseni was Governor of North Buganda Province and also a relative of the President. Arube was regarded as one of the more moderate officers in the army in regards to treating suspected dissidents; this contributed to him gradually falling out of favor with the government. In 1973, Arube was sent to the
798:. At 3pm, the radio announced that the President had met with members of the Malire Battalion, the Military Police, and paratroopers, while blaming "confusion" for the fighting. In contrast, U.S. diplomats stated that Amin was not seen in public during the uprising. Two hours later, it was declared that Arube had shot himself, although there were no statements directly addressing the coup attempt. Radio Uganda declared that "the situation under control". Hearing these announcements upon returning to Kampala, Bakka attempted to contact Arube and Aseni by radio, but no one answered his calls.
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decided to appear alone; he initially calmed down the angry soldiers by appearing jolly and charming. Then he suddenly got furious, accusing the soldiers of mistreating civilians. The troops were initially intimidated, but one warrant officer spoke up, claiming that members of Amin's inner circle were forcibly disappearing people. Most of the audience clapped; the
President asked what the troops wanted. They demanded an end of the kidnappings and "Ali Toweli and Marella out of Kampala". Meanwhile, Aseni fled to
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became very unpopular. Many troops viewed
Marella as representative of the brutal, recently promoted foreigners who were leading Amin astray. This image was only partially correct: Marella was indeed of Sudanese origin, had been promoted after the 1971 coup, and was one of the most important advocates of violent suppression of anti-government elements. However, he was also a long-time army veteran who had lived in Uganda since 1954, and his actions were generally supported or tolerated by Amin.
408:, became increasingly dissatisfied with Amin's government as the President attempted to disempower them. The Ugandan President suspected Christian Lugbara officers of plotting a coup. To maintain control over the military, Amin recruited many foreign-born soldiers into the army, regarding them as more loyal to his own regime. However, native Ugandan officers and soldiers felt increasingly marginalized by the growing number of foreigners, resulting in more unrest. Amin also began to favor
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The anger felt towards
Marella, the Military Police, and foreign troops in general caused many soldiers to sympathize with Arube. Arube already had good relations with the Lugbara troops. In contrast to Arube's grievances, Aseni's opposition to Marella was more personal. According to another officer, Isaac Bakka, the two had developed a rivalry which culminated in an assassination attempt on Aseni, killing the latter's family. Aseni consequently vowed to take revenge on Marella.
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484:, Marine Regiment commander. The plotters agreed that Arube and Aseni should initially stay hidden until Radio Uganda was secured, whereupon Arube would make a radio broadcast and announce a leadership change to the public. In addition, certain officers were supposed to visit army units outside the capital, convincing them to purge the foreigners in their ranks and join the coup. The coup plotters had supporters in
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771:(APCs) when Arube called him, ordering him to wait as he himself would come and take charge of the assault on Amin's command post. After a few minutes Arube arrived, and the attack proceeded. As Arube was not at Radio Uganda to make an announcement, the radio broadcast "Anglican hymns, popular music and other bland material" such as
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The
Presidential Guards were among the best trained and armed troops of the Uganda Army and, although only 30 guarded the command post, they fought off the attacking putschists for several minutes. According to Bakka, all of the Presidential Guards were killed in the battle. After these defenders had
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suspected that this was a deliberate move by Amin to remove Arube from the country, as the
President had become wary of the latter's influence. When he returned to Uganda in March 1974, Arube found that his temporary replacement as chief of staff, Hussein Marella, refused to vacate his new position.
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As time went on, Amin dispersed several high-ranking
Lugbara, removing them from key positions in the government and military. The Lugbara resistance to Amin grew in the army due to the murder of Lieutenant Colonel Michael Ondoga. Ondoga, an ethnic Lugbara, had served as foreign minister until being
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origin—who felt their positions would have been threatened by Amin's arrest. Several higher-ranking officers also did not oppose his takeover. Over time, Amin began to promote several poorly educated and recently recruited soldiers, causing growing tensions with officers who had previously supported
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The coup began as planned on 23 March 1974, as the Lugbara troops initiated an uprising at the Malire Barracks in Kampala. According to Ocen, the Lugbara troops were provoked into action after hearing rumours about Arube having been kidnapped by security forces. The coup plotters rallied the troops
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Despite the failure of Arube's coup, resistance to Amin within the military continued. In May 1974, groups of anti-Amin soldiers clashed with each other in Entebbe after failing to coordinate a unified opposition to the government. After the purge of the Lugbara commander of the Suicide Battalion,
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Although Arube's death effectively ended the coup's chance of success, many of the revolting soldiers remained unwilling to give up or were not yet informed of the uprising's failure. In the north, Bakka was released from custody, allegedly on Mustafa Adrisi's orders. He subsequently continued his
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Arube's blood. Amin also ordered a selective purge of Kakwa army officers and Lugbara troops, most of them Christian, killing about 500. These troops were allegedly executed by "firing squad, shot in the knee caps and left to bleed, thrown alive to Nile crocodiles, drenched in petrol and burned".
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Heavy fighting continued during the next night and for much of 24 March. One officer supportive of Arube, Lieutenant James Ayoma of the Kifaru Regiment, was stationed in the north. On the coup's second day, he ordered six soldiers of the Bondo Battalion to kill three pro-Marella soldiers in Arua;
425:(SRB), causing outrage among the Lugbara soldiers despite Amin's attempts to implicate outside powers in the murder. Several other Lugbara officers were also arrested and sentenced to death. On 21 March 1974, Amin also replaced the Lugbara commander of the Malire Battalion with Lieutenant Colonel
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troops. As resistance to Amin increased, loyalist elements in the Uganda Army became more energetic in advocating and organizing violence against suspected dissidents within the military. The Military Police under Hussein Marella took a leading role in terrorizing other soldiers, and consequently
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As discontent grew, several attempts were made by officers of West Nile origin to overthrow the President. Ethnic tensions in the military worsened, as various factions representing the interests of different West Nile tribal groups conspired to gain power. One of the most numerous ethnic groups
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On the morning of 23 March, Arube and Aseni personally contacted those they considered trustworthy, including Bakka, and convinced them to join the operation. In the case of Bakka, they claimed that they were acting to remove the foreigners from the military and depose the government, as it had
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At some point on 24 March, Amin summoned soldiers for a public address at his headquarters. After learning that Marella was supposed to appear during the President's speech, several troopers got so furious that they planned "to burn down Republic House" at Kololo Hill. However, Amin eventually
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At the meeting, Arube voiced his grievances, and asked the other officers for advice. Aseni reportedly advised him to talk to Amin again, Butabika offered to talk to the President on his behalf, while Galla argued that another high-ranking officer, namely Brig. Smuts Guweddeko, possibly could
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After the coup, the Ugandan government claimed that Arube had committed suicide, and initiated a limited purge of suspected dissidents in the army. Most coup supporters and sympathizers were treated leniently, however, as their cause was popular in the military. Amin consequently made several
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during most of the coup. One of the coup plotters, Isaac Bakka, later claimed that Arube had reasoned that Amin should be captured by a senior officer due to military traditions. When the putschists arrived at the command post, they surrounded it while encountering heavy resistance by the
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to "forgive" Idi Amin's mistakes. Museveni responded by saying "I cannot blame West Nile because of mistakes made by Idi Amin. If somebody makes a mistake, he makes it as an individual. But I thank Arube for dying like a soldier and a hero for opposing what Amin was doing."
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to their cause by portraying their uprising as attack on "foreign elements" in the Uganda Army. The operation initially went as planned, as the putschists seized much of Kampala, although many foreign soldiers managed to flee the city. Mawa and his troops blocked the
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barracks, and revolting Suicide Battalion troops had to be defeated at Mbarara. At least 15 soldiers were killed, and several others deserted. Thereafter, the Lugbara were no longer powerful enough to act as "counterweight to the Amin regime". From 1975, the
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In the coup's immediate aftermath, there was much confusion among international media as to what had happened on 23–24 March 1974, with some arguing that it was a coup attempt and others considering a violent purge that escalated into a mutiny more likely.
334:. Led by Brigadier Charles Arube, the coupists aimed not only for a government takeover, but also to remove many influential foreign-born soldiers from the Ugandan military. Although the rebels initially succeeded in capturing much of Uganda's capital
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as the new army chief, and reorganizing the unpopular Military Police to avoid another uprising. Nevertheless, unrest continued in the Uganda Army during the remainder of his rule, and he faced several more coup attempts as well as mutinies until
338:, Arube was killed by Amin as he attempted to capture him, resulting in the gradual collapse of the coup. With the aid of loyal troops from outside the capital, the President was able to put down the coup after two days of heavy fighting.
429:. According to journalist Felix Ocen, "it is thought" that the Ugandan President's actions against the Lugbara officers was a deliberate move to provoke his opponents into open resistance so that he had "ample ground to crush them".
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Amin was a brave soldier, let us recognise that. Despite being besieged, he was still struggling to arrest the situation. He did not attempt to flee. He wanted if he was to be captured, it must be after a bloody battle.
794:, Mbale, Jinja before returning to Kampala. After the Radio Uganda was retaken by loyalists around afternoon on 23 March, Amin ordered messages to be broadcast by the Minister of Information and Broadcasting, Colonel
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Presidential Guards. Amin had opted not to flee, and was determined to fight off the attackers long enough to allow loyalist reinforcements to relieve him. He called the Marine Regiment for assistance.
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Amin took precautions to prevent a repeat of the coup. Mutineers and suspected coup sympathizers were transferred to posts outside the capital. The entire Malire Battalion was moved to the town of
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The Uganda Army continued to suffer from unrest and infighting, including several more coup attempts. In 1977, members of the Malire Battalion were involved in another coup attempt, code-named
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Military Barracks, the Military Police's base, where Marella was presumed to stay. The putschists also intended to arrest or kill Ali Towelli who headed the Public Safety Unit (PSU),
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core" was dominant in the military. Despite their loss of power, most members of other West Nile tribes remained at least nominally loyal, as they still benefited from Amin's regime.
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Ethnicity and Military Rule in Uganda: a study of ethnicity as a political factor in Uganda, based on a discussion of political anthropology and the application of its results
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1103:. The President also divorced his wife Kay, an ethnic Lugbara, as she was suspected of having acted as an informer for the coup plotters. She was murdered five months later.
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According to Ocen, the attack on the Makindye Barracks was organized around midnight of 24 March, and aimed at freeing Arube who was suspected of being imprisoned there.
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Faced with Marella's obstruction, Arube asked Amin to intervene, but the President put off the issue. Frustrated, Arube called a meeting at the Officer's Mess at
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Two strike teams were supposed to eliminate Amin as well as Marella: One was supposed to be commanded by Maturima, and attack the command post at
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Meanwhile, Arube changed his plans. Captain Maturima was travelling toward the Kololo Hill with a strong force of about 60 soldiers and several
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According to A.B.K. Kasozi, Arube was shot in the stomach. Amii Omara-Otunnu claimed that Arube was "murdered by Amin's soldiers".
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Kisule stated that Arube called him "at around 1am in the morning of the coup", although the coup began on 8am or 9am on 23 March.
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mortuary after the coup had been defeated. He spent about three minutes alone with the corpse; Kyemba alleged that he might have
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initially reported that Arube had been "disappeared" on Amin's orders, causing the Lugbara soldiers to mutiny to free him.
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who had previously planned to arrest Amin. The takeover was achieved with the support of a small coterie of low ranking
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After failing to capture Marella, Arube called Lieutenant Colonel Abdul Kisule, commander of the Artillery Regiment at
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While unrest in the Uganda Army as a whole was high, tensions also grew among its high-ranking officers. Two Christian
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1143:. Arube was reburied in February 2013. Several local leaders in Koboko used the opportunity to implore President
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814:), but returned to Uganda in June; he was promptly arrested. Several other putschists were eventually captured.
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323:, was a military coup d'état attempt organized on 23–24 March 1974 by discontented elements of the
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Hansen, Holger Bernt (2013). "Uganda in the 1970s: a decade of paradoxes and ambiguities".
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near Arua. The local commander, Lieutenant Colonel Gabriel, promptly arrested Bakka.
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removed from his position in February 1974. He was then kidnapped and killed by the
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Several concessions are made to coup sympathizers, including the appointment of
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Beyond Idi Amin: Causes and Drivers of Political Violence in Uganda, 1971-1979
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another uprising broke out in November 1974. Lugbara troops mutinied at the
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Hill to take Amin dead or alive. The other was led by Mawa and targeted the
1471:"Failed 1974 coup against Amin leads to purge of Lugbara officers in army"
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Kasozi, A.B.K. (1994). Musisi, Nakanyike; James Mukooza Sejjengo (eds.).
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in 1974, and rebury him with full military honors in his hometown of
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in April 1979. In January 2013, Uganda's new national military, the
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concessions, including releasing surviving coup leaders, appointing
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Crisis of Legitimacy and Political Violence in Uganda, 1890 to 1979
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1332:"Senior officers Arube, Aseni attempt to overthrow Amin – Part I"
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Bakka was described as Second Lieutenant or Captain at the time.
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and Nakasero. In addition, Mazamir and Anguyo blocked the
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1955:"Nyanzi fled country as a soldier, returned as an artist"
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and Uganda Television, followed by the neighborhoods of
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murdered several native military and political figures.
2120:"Stand warned, army chief cautions chaotic politicians"
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to prevent the loyalist Marine Regiment, stationed in
2260:. Montreal; Quebec: McGill-Queen's University Press.
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1216:Ocen stated that the uprising was put down by 6am.
2197:Psychoses Of Power: African Personal Dictatorships
728:. In the south of Uganda, some troops blocked the
2228:. Uppsala: Scandinavian Inst. of African Studies.
1586:"Three gunshots that ended the coup against Amin"
16:1974 Ugandan coup d'Ă©tat attempt against Idi Amin
2257:Social Origins of Violence in Uganda, 1964–1985
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2321:Politics and the Military in Uganda, 1890–1985
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2179:. Dar es Salaam: Tanzania Publishing House.
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2303:(2nd ed.). London: Red Globe Press.
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1897:
1885:
1873:
1825:
1763:
1751:
1739:
1724:
1683:"Uganda Executions Of Rebels Reported"
1656:
1644:
1629:
1617:
1437:
1422:
1410:
1398:
1386:
1290:
2177:War in Uganda: The Legacy of Idi Amin
2175:Avirgan, Tony; Honey, Martha (1983).
1677:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1083:, Amin visited Arube's corpse in the
7:
3955:1970s coups d'Ă©tat and coup attempts
2118:Baguma, Raymond (24 January 2013).
1508:Mugabe, Faustin (24 October 2015).
2510:Central African Republic (1965–66)
2235:Journal of Eastern African Studies
379:seized power in Uganda during the
14:
1849:"Amin Survives Uganda Army Clash"
618:
586:
1797:Mugabe, Faustin (11 July 2015).
1584:Mugabe, Faustin (26 July 2015).
1036:
846:
812:Democratic Republic of the Congo
650:
649:
633:
617:
601:
585:
570:
569:
553:
537:
521:
514:
500:, were absent from the capital.
276:Uganda National Liberation Front
92:
3759:Central African Republic (2021)
3657:Central African Republic (2013)
3443:Central African Republic (2003)
3429:Central African Republic (2001)
2980:Central African Republic (1982)
2959:Central African Republic (1981)
2899:Central African Republic (1979)
2349:. Chicago: Palgrave Macmillan.
2284:(PhD thesis). Durham University
1987:[I heard the screams].
1847:Mohr, Charles (25 March 1974).
1510:"Brig Arube's failed coup plan"
1361:Honey, Martha (12 April 1979).
1330:Mugabe, Faustin (5 July 2015).
554:
296:Uganda Nationalist Organization
634:
602:
522:
391:officers—most of whom were of
1:
3822:Burkina Faso (September 2022)
2275:Lowman, Thomas James (2020).
2219:Hansen, Holger Bernt (1977).
1469:Ocen, Felix (21 March 2021).
1133:Uganda People's Defence Force
538:
3829:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe (2022)
3464:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe (2003)
3383:Republic of the Congo (1998)
3320:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe (1995)
3257:Sierra Leone (December 1992)
3134:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe (1988)
3106:Republic of the Congo (1987)
2710:Republic of the Congo (1972)
2608:Republic of the Congo (1968)
2559:Republic of the Congo (1966)
2412:Republic of the Congo (1960)
2247:10.1080/17531055.2012.755315
412:, prompting opposition from
404:within the Uganda Army, the
291:Front for National Salvation
180:at least 100 soldiers killed
3950:March 1974 events in Africa
3808:Burkina Faso (January 2022)
3001:Upper Volta (February 1983)
2318:Omara-Otunnu, Amii (1987).
769:armoured personnel carriers
447:Central Intelligence Agency
3971:
3355:Sierra Leone (August 1996)
1693:. 26 March 1974. p. 1
1659:, pp. 48–49, 91, 124.
1363:"Ugandan Capital Captured"
774:Onward, Christian Soldiers
507:
364:
358:
236:Anti-Amin student protests
170:Much of Kampala's garrison
157:Malire Battalion mutineers
3894:
3008:Upper Volta (August 1983)
2300:Africa since Independence
400:or tolerated his regime.
383:, overthrowing President
367:Second Republic of Uganda
226:
179:
174:
161:
142:
108:
85:
28:
3940:Military coups in Uganda
3492:Equatorial Guinea (2004)
2892:Equatorial Guinea (1979)
2106:Avirgan & Honey 1983
1925:Avirgan & Honey 1983
1279:Avirgan & Honey 1983
1250:Avirgan & Honey 1983
2524:Burundi (November 1966)
2343:Otunnu, Ogenga (2016).
2194:Decalo, Samuel (2019).
1985:"Ich hörte die Schreie"
371:Uganda Army (1962–1971)
361:Uganda Army (1971–1980)
3794:Sudan (September 2021)
2629:Libya (September 1969)
2545:Nigeria (January 1966)
2297:Nugent, Paul (2012) .
1121:Operation Mafuta Mingi
759:
251:Operation Mafuta Mingi
231:Assassination attempts
217:Ugandan resistance to
109:Commanders and leaders
75:as army chief of staff
3285:Bophuthatswana (1994)
2643:Libya (December 1969)
2433:French Algeria (1961)
423:State Research Bureau
359:Further information:
175:Casualties and losses
3878:Guinea-Bissau (2023)
3815:Guinea-Bissau (2022)
3801:Sudan (October 2021)
3650:Libya (October 2013)
3608:Guinea-Bissau (2012)
3594:Guinea-Bissau (2011)
3457:Guinea-Bissau (2003)
3436:CĂ´te d'Ivoire (2002)
3415:CĂ´te d'Ivoire (2001)
3397:CĂ´te d'Ivoire (1999)
3376:Guinea-Bissau (1998)
2931:Guinea-Bissau (1980)
2398:in Africa since 1960
1888:, pp. 123, 199.
1293:, pp. 199, 218.
667:class=notpageimage|
281:Save Uganda Movement
3871:Sierra Leone (2023)
3864:Burkina Faso (2023)
3699:Burkina Faso (2016)
3692:Burkina Faso (2015)
3471:Burkina Faso (2003)
3369:Sierra Leone (1997)
3327:Sierra Leone (1996)
3243:Sierra Leone (1992)
3141:Burkina Faso (1989)
3092:Burkina Faso (1987)
2594:Sierra Leone (1968)
2552:Nigeria (July 1966)
2517:Burundi (July 1966)
2058:, pp. 115–116.
2019:, pp. 102–103.
1766:, pp. 300–301.
1754:, pp. 123–124.
1632:, pp. 78, 198.
1520:on 28 February 2017
1425:, pp. 110–114.
1413:, pp. 310–311.
1367:The Washington Post
1129:Uganda–Tanzania War
1123:. Amin was finally
1096:in southern Sudan.
981:1986–1994 civil war
961:Uganda–Tanzania War
951:Expulsion of Asians
508:Coup d'Ă©tat attempt
261:Uganda–Tanzania War
123:Charles Arube
61:Government victory
2994:Upper Volta (1982)
2938:Upper Volta (1980)
2836:Uganda (June 1977)
2724:Upper Volta (1974)
2538:Upper Volta (1966)
2326:Palgrave Macmillan
1993:. pp. 181–182
1853:The New York Times
1687:The New York Times
1596:on 11 January 2018
1389:, pp. 37, 39.
1177:The New York Times
885:Early independence
154:Public Safety Unit
148:Presidential Guard
100:Ugandan government
3935:Conflicts in 1974
3922:
3921:
3899:: successful coup
3678:The Gambia (2014)
3615:Mali (April 2012)
3601:Mali (March 2012)
3573:Madagascar (2010)
3555:Madagascar (2009)
3541:Mauritania (2008)
3527:Madagascar (2006)
3513:Mauritania (2005)
3450:Mauritania (2003)
3022:Mauritania (1984)
2973:Seychelles (1981)
2945:Mauritania (1981)
2917:Mauritania (1980)
2878:Mauritania (1979)
2871:Mauritania (1978)
2822:Seychelles (1977)
2356:978-3-319-33155-3
2335:978-1-349-18738-6
2310:978-0-230-27288-0
2267:978-0-7735-1218-4
2186:978-9976-1-0056-3
2151:. 6 February 2013
2087:. 4 November 2017
1927:, pp. 31–32.
1910:Omara-Otunnu 1987
1647:, pp. 48–49.
1440:, pp. 96–97.
1077:
1076:
1043:Uganda portal
1002:
1001:
936:
935:
478:Isaac Maliyamungu
329:Ugandan President
306:
305:
184:
183:
132:Elly Aseni (
81:
80:
3962:
3915:
3907:
3900:
3887:
3880:
3873:
3866:
3859:
3852:
3845:
3838:
3831:
3824:
3817:
3810:
3803:
3796:
3789:
3782:
3775:
3768:
3761:
3754:
3736:
3729:
3722:
3715:
3708:
3701:
3694:
3687:
3680:
3673:
3666:
3659:
3652:
3645:
3638:
3631:
3624:
3617:
3610:
3603:
3596:
3589:
3582:
3575:
3557:
3550:
3543:
3536:
3529:
3522:
3515:
3508:
3501:
3494:
3487:
3480:
3473:
3466:
3459:
3452:
3445:
3438:
3431:
3424:
3417:
3399:
3392:
3385:
3378:
3371:
3364:
3357:
3350:
3343:
3336:
3329:
3322:
3315:
3308:
3301:
3294:
3287:
3280:
3273:
3266:
3259:
3252:
3245:
3238:
3231:
3224:
3217:
3210:
3203:
3196:
3189:
3182:
3164:
3157:
3150:
3143:
3136:
3129:
3122:
3115:
3108:
3101:
3094:
3087:
3080:
3073:
3066:
3059:
3052:
3045:
3038:
3031:
3024:
3017:
3010:
3003:
2996:
2989:
2982:
2975:
2968:
2961:
2954:
2947:
2940:
2933:
2926:
2919:
2901:
2894:
2887:
2880:
2873:
2866:
2859:
2852:
2845:
2838:
2831:
2824:
2817:
2810:
2803:
2796:
2789:
2782:
2775:
2768:
2761:
2754:
2747:
2740:
2733:
2726:
2719:
2712:
2705:
2698:
2691:
2684:
2677:
2670:
2663:
2645:
2638:
2631:
2624:
2617:
2610:
2603:
2596:
2589:
2582:
2575:
2568:
2561:
2554:
2547:
2540:
2533:
2526:
2519:
2512:
2505:
2498:
2491:
2484:
2477:
2470:
2463:
2456:
2449:
2442:
2435:
2428:
2421:
2414:
2389:
2382:
2375:
2366:
2360:
2339:
2314:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2283:
2271:
2250:
2229:
2227:
2215:
2190:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2115:
2109:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2077:
2071:
2065:
2059:
2053:
2047:
2041:
2035:
2029:
2020:
2014:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1977:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1951:
1940:
1934:
1928:
1922:
1913:
1907:
1901:
1895:
1889:
1883:
1877:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1844:
1829:
1823:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1794:
1767:
1761:
1755:
1749:
1743:
1737:
1728:
1722:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1691:Associated Press
1679:
1660:
1654:
1648:
1642:
1633:
1627:
1621:
1615:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1592:. Archived from
1581:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1516:. Archived from
1505:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1466:
1441:
1435:
1426:
1420:
1414:
1408:
1402:
1396:
1390:
1384:
1378:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1342:on 30 March 2019
1338:. Archived from
1327:
1294:
1288:
1282:
1276:
1253:
1247:
1217:
1214:
1208:
1205:
1199:
1196:
1190:
1187:
1181:
1171:
1165:
1162:
1069:
1062:
1055:
1041:
1040:
1039:
998:
947:
946:
932:
861:
860:
850:
840:
822:
763:
653:
652:
637:
636:
621:
620:
605:
604:
589:
588:
573:
572:
557:
556:
541:
540:
525:
524:
518:
381:1971 coup d'Ă©tat
315:, also known as
221:
210:
203:
196:
187:
136:
129:
98:
96:
95:
36:23–24 March 1974
30:
29:
21:
3970:
3969:
3965:
3964:
3963:
3961:
3960:
3959:
3925:
3924:
3923:
3918:
3910:
3903:
3898:
3890:
3883:
3876:
3869:
3862:
3855:
3848:
3841:
3834:
3827:
3820:
3813:
3806:
3799:
3792:
3785:
3778:
3771:
3764:
3757:
3750:
3739:
3734:Ethiopia (2019)
3732:
3725:
3718:
3713:Zimbabwe (2017)
3711:
3704:
3697:
3690:
3683:
3676:
3669:
3662:
3655:
3648:
3641:
3634:
3627:
3620:
3613:
3606:
3599:
3592:
3585:
3578:
3571:
3560:
3553:
3546:
3539:
3532:
3525:
3518:
3511:
3504:
3497:
3490:
3483:
3476:
3469:
3462:
3455:
3448:
3441:
3434:
3427:
3420:
3413:
3402:
3395:
3388:
3381:
3374:
3367:
3360:
3353:
3346:
3339:
3332:
3325:
3318:
3311:
3304:
3297:
3290:
3283:
3276:
3269:
3262:
3255:
3248:
3241:
3234:
3227:
3220:
3213:
3206:
3199:
3192:
3185:
3178:
3167:
3160:
3153:
3148:Ethiopia (1989)
3146:
3139:
3132:
3125:
3120:Transkei (1987)
3118:
3111:
3104:
3097:
3090:
3083:
3076:
3069:
3062:
3055:
3048:
3041:
3034:
3029:Cameroon (1984)
3027:
3020:
3013:
3006:
2999:
2992:
2985:
2978:
2971:
2964:
2957:
2950:
2943:
2936:
2929:
2922:
2915:
2904:
2897:
2890:
2883:
2876:
2869:
2862:
2855:
2848:
2841:
2834:
2827:
2820:
2813:
2806:
2799:
2792:
2785:
2778:
2771:
2764:
2757:
2750:
2745:Ethiopia (1974)
2743:
2736:
2729:
2722:
2715:
2708:
2701:
2694:
2687:
2680:
2673:
2666:
2659:
2648:
2641:
2634:
2627:
2620:
2613:
2606:
2599:
2592:
2585:
2578:
2571:
2564:
2557:
2550:
2543:
2536:
2529:
2522:
2515:
2508:
2501:
2494:
2487:
2480:
2473:
2466:
2459:
2452:
2445:
2438:
2431:
2424:
2419:Ethiopia (1960)
2417:
2410:
2399:
2393:
2363:
2357:
2342:
2336:
2317:
2311:
2296:
2287:
2285:
2281:
2274:
2268:
2253:
2232:
2225:
2218:
2212:
2193:
2187:
2174:
2170:
2165:
2164:
2154:
2152:
2143:
2142:
2138:
2128:
2126:
2117:
2116:
2112:
2104:
2100:
2090:
2088:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2066:
2062:
2054:
2050:
2042:
2038:
2030:
2023:
2015:
2006:
1996:
1994:
1979:
1978:
1974:
1964:
1962:
1953:
1952:
1943:
1935:
1931:
1923:
1916:
1908:
1904:
1896:
1892:
1884:
1880:
1872:
1868:
1858:
1856:
1846:
1845:
1832:
1824:
1817:
1807:
1805:
1796:
1795:
1770:
1762:
1758:
1750:
1746:
1738:
1731:
1723:
1706:
1696:
1694:
1681:
1680:
1663:
1655:
1651:
1643:
1636:
1628:
1624:
1616:
1609:
1599:
1597:
1583:
1582:
1533:
1523:
1521:
1507:
1506:
1489:
1479:
1477:
1468:
1467:
1444:
1436:
1429:
1421:
1417:
1409:
1405:
1397:
1393:
1385:
1381:
1371:
1369:
1360:
1359:
1355:
1345:
1343:
1329:
1328:
1297:
1289:
1285:
1277:
1256:
1248:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1220:
1215:
1211:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1193:
1188:
1184:
1172:
1168:
1163:
1159:
1154:
1145:Yoweri Museveni
1085:Mulago Hospital
1073:
1037:
1035:
1030:
996:
985:1986–1994
975:1981–1986
965:1978–1979
930:
919:1979–1986
909:1971–1979
905:Second Republic
899:1963–1971
889:1962–1963
879:1894–1962
838:
831:
820:
786:tour, visiting
765:
761:
684:, and captured
677:
676:
675:
669:
663:
662:
661:
660:
654:
646:
645:
644:
638:
630:
629:
628:
622:
614:
613:
612:
606:
598:
597:
596:
590:
582:
581:
580:
574:
566:
565:
564:
558:
550:
549:
548:
542:
534:
533:
532:
526:
510:
435:
373:
363:
357:
309:
308:
307:
302:
272:
222:
216:
214:
153:
152:Military Police
151:
150:Marine Regiment
149:
131:
125:
117:
93:
91:
52:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3968:
3966:
3958:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3945:1974 in Uganda
3942:
3937:
3927:
3926:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3916:
3913:attempted coup
3908:
3901:
3895:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3888:
3881:
3874:
3867:
3860:
3853:
3846:
3839:
3832:
3825:
3818:
3811:
3804:
3797:
3790:
3783:
3780:Tunisia (2021)
3776:
3769:
3762:
3755:
3747:
3745:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3737:
3730:
3723:
3716:
3709:
3702:
3695:
3688:
3685:Burundi (2015)
3681:
3674:
3671:Lesotho (2014)
3667:
3660:
3653:
3646:
3639:
3632:
3629:Eritrea (2013)
3625:
3618:
3611:
3604:
3597:
3590:
3583:
3576:
3568:
3566:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3558:
3551:
3544:
3537:
3530:
3523:
3516:
3509:
3502:
3495:
3488:
3481:
3474:
3467:
3460:
3453:
3446:
3439:
3432:
3425:
3422:Burundi (2001)
3418:
3410:
3408:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3400:
3393:
3386:
3379:
3372:
3365:
3358:
3351:
3344:
3341:Burundi (1996)
3337:
3330:
3323:
3316:
3313:Comoros (1995)
3309:
3306:Liberia (1994)
3302:
3299:Lesotho (1994)
3295:
3288:
3281:
3278:Nigeria (1993)
3274:
3267:
3264:Burundi (1993)
3260:
3253:
3250:Algeria (1992)
3246:
3239:
3232:
3229:Lesotho (1991)
3225:
3218:
3211:
3204:
3197:
3190:
3187:Nigeria (1990)
3183:
3175:
3173:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3165:
3158:
3151:
3144:
3137:
3130:
3123:
3116:
3113:Tunisia (1987)
3109:
3102:
3099:Burundi (1987)
3095:
3088:
3081:
3078:Lesotho (1986)
3074:
3071:Liberia (1985)
3067:
3060:
3053:
3050:Nigeria (1985)
3046:
3039:
3032:
3025:
3018:
3015:Nigeria (1983)
3011:
3004:
2997:
2990:
2983:
2976:
2969:
2962:
2955:
2948:
2941:
2934:
2927:
2924:Liberia (1980)
2920:
2912:
2910:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2902:
2895:
2888:
2881:
2874:
2867:
2860:
2857:Comoros (1978)
2853:
2850:Somalia (1978)
2846:
2839:
2832:
2825:
2818:
2811:
2804:
2801:Nigeria (1976)
2797:
2794:Burundi (1976)
2790:
2787:Comoros (1976)
2783:
2776:
2773:Nigeria (1975)
2769:
2762:
2755:
2752:Comoros (1975)
2748:
2741:
2734:
2727:
2720:
2713:
2706:
2703:Morocco (1972)
2699:
2692:
2689:Dahomey (1972)
2685:
2678:
2675:Morocco (1971)
2671:
2664:
2661:Lesotho (1970)
2656:
2654:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2646:
2639:
2636:Somalia (1969)
2632:
2625:
2618:
2615:Dahomey (1969)
2611:
2604:
2597:
2590:
2587:Algeria (1967)
2583:
2576:
2569:
2566:Dahomey (1967)
2562:
2555:
2548:
2541:
2534:
2527:
2520:
2513:
2506:
2499:
2496:Burundi (1965)
2492:
2489:Dahomey (1965)
2485:
2482:Algeria (1965)
2478:
2471:
2464:
2461:Dahomey (1963)
2457:
2454:Algeria (1962)
2450:
2447:Senegal (1962)
2443:
2440:Somalia (1961)
2436:
2429:
2422:
2415:
2407:
2405:
2401:
2400:
2394:
2392:
2391:
2384:
2377:
2369:
2362:
2361:
2355:
2340:
2334:
2315:
2309:
2294:
2272:
2266:
2251:
2230:
2216:
2210:
2191:
2185:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2136:
2110:
2098:
2072:
2070:, p. 111.
2060:
2048:
2046:, p. 312.
2036:
2034:, p. 301.
2021:
2004:
1972:
1961:. 6 April 2019
1941:
1939:, p. 233.
1929:
1914:
1912:, p. 126.
1902:
1900:, p. 120.
1890:
1878:
1876:, p. 123.
1866:
1830:
1828:, p. 198.
1815:
1768:
1756:
1744:
1742:, p. 109.
1729:
1727:, p. 124.
1704:
1661:
1649:
1634:
1622:
1607:
1531:
1487:
1442:
1427:
1415:
1403:
1391:
1379:
1353:
1295:
1283:
1254:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1209:
1200:
1191:
1182:
1166:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1071:
1064:
1057:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1004:
1003:
1000:
999:
993:
991:LRA insurgency
987:
986:
983:
977:
976:
973:
967:
966:
963:
957:
956:
953:
943:
942:
941:Special themes
938:
937:
934:
933:
927:
921:
920:
917:
915:Third Republic
911:
910:
907:
901:
900:
897:
895:First Republic
891:
890:
887:
881:
880:
877:
871:
870:
867:
857:
856:
852:
851:
843:
842:
833:
832:
825:
819:
816:
753:
702:Bank of Uganda
665:
664:
656:
655:
648:
647:
640:
639:
632:
631:
624:
623:
616:
615:
608:
607:
600:
599:
592:
591:
584:
583:
576:
575:
568:
567:
560:
559:
552:
551:
544:
543:
536:
535:
528:
527:
520:
519:
513:
512:
511:
509:
506:
498:Mustafa Adrisi
434:
431:
356:
353:
344:Mustafa Adrisi
313:Arube uprising
304:
303:
301:
300:
299:
298:
293:
288:
283:
271:
270:
269:
268:
258:
253:
248:
246:Arube uprising
243:
238:
233:
227:
224:
223:
215:
213:
212:
205:
198:
190:
182:
181:
177:
176:
172:
171:
168:
164:
163:
159:
158:
155:
145:
144:
143:Units involved
140:
139:
121:
111:
110:
106:
105:
102:
88:
87:
83:
82:
79:
78:
77:
76:
73:Mustafa Adrisi
69:
58:
54:
53:
44:
42:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
24:Arube uprising
19:
18:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3967:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3932:
3930:
3914:
3909:
3906:
3902:
3897:
3896:
3893:
3886:
3882:
3879:
3875:
3872:
3868:
3865:
3861:
3858:
3854:
3851:
3847:
3844:
3840:
3837:
3836:Gambia (2022)
3833:
3830:
3826:
3823:
3819:
3816:
3812:
3809:
3805:
3802:
3798:
3795:
3791:
3788:
3787:Guinea (2021)
3784:
3781:
3777:
3774:
3770:
3767:
3763:
3760:
3756:
3753:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3742:
3735:
3731:
3728:
3724:
3721:
3717:
3714:
3710:
3707:
3703:
3700:
3696:
3693:
3689:
3686:
3682:
3679:
3675:
3672:
3668:
3665:
3661:
3658:
3654:
3651:
3647:
3644:
3640:
3637:
3633:
3630:
3626:
3623:
3619:
3616:
3612:
3609:
3605:
3602:
3598:
3595:
3591:
3588:
3584:
3581:
3577:
3574:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3563:
3556:
3552:
3549:
3545:
3542:
3538:
3535:
3534:Guinea (2008)
3531:
3528:
3524:
3521:
3517:
3514:
3510:
3507:
3503:
3500:
3496:
3493:
3489:
3486:
3482:
3479:
3475:
3472:
3468:
3465:
3461:
3458:
3454:
3451:
3447:
3444:
3440:
3437:
3433:
3430:
3426:
3423:
3419:
3416:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3405:
3398:
3394:
3391:
3387:
3384:
3380:
3377:
3373:
3370:
3366:
3363:
3362:Zambia (1997)
3359:
3356:
3352:
3349:
3345:
3342:
3338:
3335:
3334:Guinea (1996)
3331:
3328:
3324:
3321:
3317:
3314:
3310:
3307:
3303:
3300:
3296:
3293:
3292:Gambia (1994)
3289:
3286:
3282:
3279:
3275:
3272:
3268:
3265:
3261:
3258:
3254:
3251:
3247:
3244:
3240:
3237:
3233:
3230:
3226:
3223:
3219:
3216:
3212:
3209:
3208:Ciskei (1990)
3205:
3202:
3198:
3195:
3194:Zambia (1990)
3191:
3188:
3184:
3181:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3170:
3163:
3159:
3156:
3152:
3149:
3145:
3142:
3138:
3135:
3131:
3128:
3124:
3121:
3117:
3114:
3110:
3107:
3103:
3100:
3096:
3093:
3089:
3086:
3082:
3079:
3075:
3072:
3068:
3065:
3064:Guinea (1985)
3061:
3058:
3054:
3051:
3047:
3044:
3043:Uganda (1985)
3040:
3037:
3036:Guinea (1984)
3033:
3030:
3026:
3023:
3019:
3016:
3012:
3009:
3005:
3002:
2998:
2995:
2991:
2988:
2984:
2981:
2977:
2974:
2970:
2967:
2963:
2960:
2956:
2953:
2952:Gambia (1981)
2949:
2946:
2942:
2939:
2935:
2932:
2928:
2925:
2921:
2918:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2907:
2900:
2896:
2893:
2889:
2886:
2882:
2879:
2875:
2872:
2868:
2865:
2861:
2858:
2854:
2851:
2847:
2844:
2843:Angola (1977)
2840:
2837:
2833:
2830:
2826:
2823:
2819:
2816:
2812:
2809:
2805:
2802:
2798:
2795:
2791:
2788:
2784:
2781:
2777:
2774:
2770:
2767:
2763:
2760:
2756:
2753:
2749:
2746:
2742:
2739:
2735:
2732:
2731:Uganda (1974)
2728:
2725:
2721:
2718:
2717:Rwanda (1973)
2714:
2711:
2707:
2704:
2700:
2697:
2693:
2690:
2686:
2683:
2679:
2676:
2672:
2669:
2668:Uganda (1971)
2665:
2662:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2651:
2644:
2640:
2637:
2633:
2630:
2626:
2623:
2619:
2616:
2612:
2609:
2605:
2602:
2598:
2595:
2591:
2588:
2584:
2581:
2577:
2574:
2570:
2567:
2563:
2560:
2556:
2553:
2549:
2546:
2542:
2539:
2535:
2532:
2528:
2525:
2521:
2518:
2514:
2511:
2507:
2504:
2500:
2497:
2493:
2490:
2486:
2483:
2479:
2476:
2472:
2469:
2465:
2462:
2458:
2455:
2451:
2448:
2444:
2441:
2437:
2434:
2430:
2427:
2426:Rwanda (1961)
2423:
2420:
2416:
2413:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2402:
2397:
2390:
2385:
2383:
2378:
2376:
2371:
2370:
2367:
2358:
2352:
2348:
2347:
2341:
2337:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2322:
2316:
2312:
2306:
2302:
2301:
2295:
2280:
2279:
2273:
2269:
2263:
2259:
2258:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2241:(1): 83–103.
2240:
2236:
2231:
2224:
2223:
2217:
2213:
2211:9781000308501
2207:
2203:
2199:
2198:
2192:
2188:
2182:
2178:
2173:
2172:
2167:
2150:
2149:Daily Monitor
2146:
2140:
2137:
2125:
2121:
2114:
2111:
2107:
2102:
2099:
2086:
2085:Daily Monitor
2082:
2076:
2073:
2069:
2064:
2061:
2057:
2052:
2049:
2045:
2040:
2037:
2033:
2028:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2005:
1992:
1991:
1986:
1982:
1981:Kyemba, Henry
1976:
1973:
1960:
1959:Daily Monitor
1956:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1933:
1930:
1926:
1921:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1906:
1903:
1899:
1894:
1891:
1887:
1882:
1879:
1875:
1870:
1867:
1854:
1850:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1822:
1820:
1816:
1804:
1803:Daily Monitor
1800:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1760:
1757:
1753:
1748:
1745:
1741:
1736:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1705:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1653:
1650:
1646:
1641:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1626:
1623:
1620:, p. 78.
1619:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1595:
1591:
1590:Daily Monitor
1587:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1519:
1515:
1514:Daily Monitor
1511:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1488:
1476:
1475:Daily Monitor
1472:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1434:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1419:
1416:
1412:
1407:
1404:
1401:, p. 46.
1400:
1395:
1392:
1388:
1383:
1380:
1368:
1364:
1357:
1354:
1341:
1337:
1336:Daily Monitor
1333:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1287:
1284:
1281:, p. 31.
1280:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1255:
1252:, p. 32.
1251:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1223:
1213:
1210:
1204:
1201:
1195:
1192:
1186:
1183:
1179:
1178:
1170:
1167:
1161:
1158:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1117:
1115:
1110:
1104:
1102:
1097:
1095:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1070:
1065:
1063:
1058:
1056:
1051:
1050:
1048:
1047:
1044:
1034:
1033:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1010:
1005:
994:
992:
989:
988:
984:
982:
979:
978:
974:
972:
969:
968:
964:
962:
959:
958:
954:
952:
949:
948:
945:
944:
939:
928:
926:
923:
922:
918:
916:
913:
912:
908:
906:
903:
902:
898:
896:
893:
892:
888:
886:
883:
882:
878:
876:
873:
872:
868:
866:
865:Early history
863:
862:
859:
858:
853:
849:
845:
844:
841:
834:
829:
823:
817:
815:
813:
810:(present-day
809:
803:
799:
797:
793:
789:
783:
779:
776:
775:
770:
764:
758:
752:
750:
746:
741:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
673:
668:
659:
643:
627:
611:
595:
579:
563:
547:
531:
517:
505:
501:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
466:
462:
460:
456:
451:
448:
444:
440:
432:
430:
428:
427:Juma Butabika
424:
418:
415:
411:
407:
401:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
372:
368:
362:
354:
352:
350:
349:his overthrow
345:
339:
337:
333:
330:
327:to overthrow
326:
322:
318:
314:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
286:Kikosi Maalum
284:
282:
279:
278:
277:
274:
273:
267:
264:
263:
262:
259:
257:
256:1977 invasion
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
241:1972 invasion
239:
237:
234:
232:
229:
228:
225:
220:
211:
206:
204:
199:
197:
192:
191:
188:
178:
173:
169:
167:Several units
166:
165:
160:
156:
147:
146:
141:
137:
130:
128:
122:
120:
116:
113:
112:
107:
103:
101:
90:
89:
84:
74:
70:
68:
65:Purge in the
64:
63:
62:
59:
56:
55:
51:
47:
43:
40:
39:
35:
32:
31:
27:
22:
3912:
3911:no sign for
3857:Gabon (2023)
3850:Niger (2023)
3843:Sudan (2023)
3766:Niger (2021)
3727:Sudan (2019)
3720:Gabon (2019)
3706:Libya (2016)
3664:Libya (2014)
3643:Egypt (2013)
3622:Sudan (2012)
3587:Niger (2011)
3580:Niger (2010)
3548:Sudan (2008)
3485:Sudan (2004)
3390:Niger (1999)
3348:Niger (1996)
3271:Libya (1993)
3236:Sudan (1992)
3215:Venda (1990)
3180:Sudan (1990)
3162:Sudan (1989)
3127:Benin (1988)
3057:Sudan (1985)
2987:Kenya (1982)
2966:Ghana (1981)
2885:Ghana (1979)
2864:Ghana (1978)
2829:Sudan (1977)
2815:Benin (1977)
2808:Sudan (1976)
2766:Libya (1975)
2759:Sudan (1975)
2738:Niger (1974)
2730:
2696:Ghana (1972)
2682:Sudan (1971)
2622:Sudan (1969)
2573:Ghana (1967)
2531:Ghana (1966)
2475:Gabon (1964)
2396:Coups d'Ă©tat
2345:
2320:
2299:
2286:. Retrieved
2277:
2256:
2238:
2234:
2221:
2196:
2176:
2153:. Retrieved
2148:
2139:
2127:. Retrieved
2123:
2113:
2108:, p. 3.
2101:
2089:. Retrieved
2084:
2075:
2063:
2051:
2039:
1995:. Retrieved
1988:
1975:
1963:. Retrieved
1958:
1932:
1905:
1893:
1881:
1869:
1857:. Retrieved
1852:
1806:. Retrieved
1802:
1759:
1747:
1695:. Retrieved
1686:
1652:
1625:
1598:. Retrieved
1594:the original
1589:
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1518:the original
1513:
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1474:
1418:
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1370:. Retrieved
1366:
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1344:. Retrieved
1340:the original
1335:
1286:
1212:
1203:
1194:
1185:
1175:
1169:
1160:
1118:
1112:"Kakwa-Nubi-
1105:
1098:
1089:cannibalized
1081:Henry Kyemba
1078:
875:British rule
804:
800:
784:
780:
772:
766:
762:—Isaac Bakka
760:
755:
742:
740:SRB agents.
706:Radio Uganda
682:Entebbe Road
678:
502:
482:Taban Lupayi
467:
463:
452:
443:Soviet Union
436:
419:
402:
385:Milton Obote
374:
340:
320:
317:Arube mutiny
316:
312:
310:
245:
126:
119:Taban Lupayi
86:Belligerents
60:
3773:Mali (2021)
3752:Mali (2020)
3636:Chad (2013)
3520:Chad (2006)
3506:Togo (2005)
3478:Chad (2004)
3222:Mali (1991)
3201:Chad (1990)
3155:Chad (1989)
3085:Togo (1986)
2780:Chad (1975)
2601:Mali (1968)
2580:Togo (1967)
2468:Togo (1963)
2168:Works cited
2129:19 November
2091:17 December
2068:Kasozi 1994
2056:Hansen 1977
2044:Otunnu 2016
2032:Kasozi 1994
2017:Decalo 2019
1997:12 November
1990:Der Spiegel
1937:Nugent 2012
1898:Kasozi 1994
1886:Lowman 2020
1874:Lowman 2020
1859:15 November
1855:. p. 1
1826:Lowman 2020
1764:Kasozi 1994
1752:Lowman 2020
1740:Lowman 2020
1725:Lowman 2020
1697:15 November
1657:Lowman 2020
1645:Lowman 2020
1630:Lowman 2020
1618:Lowman 2020
1438:Hansen 2013
1423:Hansen 1977
1411:Otunnu 2016
1399:Lowman 2020
1387:Lowman 2020
1346:18 November
1291:Lowman 2020
1127:during the
995:1987–
929:1986–
837:History of
389:Uganda Army
325:Uganda Army
67:Uganda Army
3929:Categories
2324:. London:
2155:5 February
2124:New Vision
1965:5 February
1808:5 February
1600:14 October
1524:14 October
1372:7 November
1224:References
1125:overthrown
925:Since 1986
855:Chronology
718:Jinja Road
365:See also:
355:Background
321:Arube Coup
104:Putschists
3905:self-coup
2202:Routledge
818:Aftermath
796:Juma Oris
722:Bugoloobi
710:Wandegeya
626:Bugoloobi
594:Wandegeya
414:Christian
397:West Nile
351:in 1979.
1983:(1977).
1480:21 April
1026:Military
1021:Economic
1007:By topic
971:Bush War
869:pre-1894
828:a series
826:Part of
658:Nakasero
578:Makindye
474:Makindye
455:Nakasero
377:Idi Amin
375:Colonel
332:Idi Amin
219:Idi Amin
162:Strength
115:Idi Amin
41:Location
1114:Anyanya
1016:Buganda
997:present
931:present
745:Masindi
694:Entebbe
686:Nateete
672:Kampala
670:Map of
562:Nateete
459:Kampala
433:Prelude
410:Muslims
406:Lugbara
336:Kampala
127:†
46:Kampala
2353:
2332:
2307:
2288:6 July
2264:
2208:
2183:
1141:Koboko
839:Uganda
830:on the
734:Masaka
730:Kabale
726:Naguru
714:Mulago
698:Busega
642:Naguru
610:Mulago
530:Kololo
492:, and
470:Kololo
393:Nubian
266:Tororo
97:
57:Result
50:Uganda
3744:2020s
3565:2010s
3407:2000s
3172:1990s
2909:1980s
2653:1970s
2404:1960s
2282:(PDF)
2226:(PDF)
1152:Notes
1137:Jinja
1109:Mbuya
1101:Bombo
808:Zaire
749:Bondo
738:Tutsi
690:Katwe
546:Katwe
490:Mbale
486:Jinja
439:Kakwa
2351:ISBN
2330:ISBN
2305:ISBN
2290:2020
2262:ISBN
2206:ISBN
2181:ISBN
2157:2021
2131:2020
2093:2021
1999:2020
1967:2021
1861:2020
1810:2021
1699:2020
1602:2018
1526:2018
1482:2021
1374:2018
1348:2020
955:1972
792:Lira
788:Gulu
494:Arua
369:and
319:and
311:The
33:Date
2243:doi
1094:Yei
395:or
135:POW
3931::
2328:.
2237:.
2204:.
2200:.
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2122:.
2083:.
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2007:^
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1944:^
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1637:^
1610:^
1588:.
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1473:.
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1430:^
1365:.
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