94:. The river flows through two environmental regions. One is the puna region above 3,800 metres (12,500 ft) elevation where the climate is colder and the rainfall is also higher compared to the lower elevation areas. Vegetation and animal species found in the region are similar up to puna rim region in elevation range of 4,000–4,600 metres (13,100–15,100 ft). The valleys in this range are narrow. In the flat valley where the Asana archaeological site is located, the geological and
107:
321:) in an elevation range of 4,200 metres (13,800 ft) feeding on grasses, forbs and shrubs, and subsisting in arid conditions. Taruca (Hippocamelus antisensis) is found in elevation up to 4,600 metres (15,100 ft) in scattered forest environment of groves (quenua); they still exist in the valley. Vicuna (
83:
One of the Asana's tributaries is the
Charaque. After their confluence, the stream becomes known as Coscori. The Capillune is a tributary of the Asana. Below the elevation of 3,000 metres (9,800 ft), the many tributaries to Asana are generally dry and seasonal but the streams above this
369:) operated here since 1992. Quellaveco proposed a river diversion project on the Asana River in 2000 which involved the building of a 7.2 kilometres (4.5 mi) canal which would use 700 liters (150 imp gal; 180 U.S. gal) per second of water for
377:(EIA) carried out by Quellaveco confirmed the negative impact of this diversion. The EIA suggested that an unacceptable level of water resource exploitation would occur. Other issues noted were resettlement of local population as well as the pollution of
84:
elevation demonstrate perennial flows from rainfall and snow melt. Stream discharge during the rainy season averages 2.34 cubic metres (83 cu ft)/second while in the dry season, the average was 0.53 cubic metres (19 cu ft)/second.
43:
archaeological site, occupied over the course of 8,000 years, is situated in a basin on the river's north bank. The
Quellaveco mining project sought to divert the Asana for extractive waste material placement in its copper mining operations.
300:
388:. During 2002–03, the local population held protests against the diversion project in view of its large negative impacts. As of 2007, no license had been issued for this project.
213:
and puna desert which is barren land. In the puna rim area, 32 species have been recorded in the dry and wetland areas. The dryland species are bunch grass species of
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found in the elevation range of 4,200–4,800 metres (13,800–15,700 ft)) which forage on vegetation of bofedal in this region. Smaller species found are
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The lower sierra region (2,500–3,400 metres (8,200–11,200 ft)) of the Asana river valley has four plant communities; evergreen
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The upper high sierra zone (3,400–3,800 metres (11,200–12,500 ft)) has 14 plant communities. Some of the species are
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56:. The main Asana has its primary source at an elevation of 4,800 metres (15,700 ft). This is within the
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The Asana River is one of the four major tributaries of the
Moquegua. It is situated in the south central
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There are several herbivores in the Asana valley. Recorded from the pre-historic period, are guanaco (
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In the puna rim (elevation 4,000–4,600 metres (13,100–15,100 ft)), the plant species are in the
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to extract about 64,000 tons of copper, and other minerals, over a forty-year period. However, the
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began copper mining in the region, the Asana River valley was tapped for mining operations. The
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Vintage
Moquegua: History, Wine, and Archaeology on a Colonial Peruvian Periphery
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source is seasonal precipitation including snow melt from the western
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462:. Centro di Documentazione sui Conflitti Ambientali. Archived from
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Montane
Foragers: Asana and the South-Central Andean Archaic
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361:(a consortium of Anglo-American Company of South Africa and
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Kennett, Douglas J.; Winterhalder, Bruce (1 January 2006).
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the entire Asana River valley is fragile and subject to
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consisting of pampa and bunch grasses, and wetlands of
117:, trees that grow in the Andes highland region of Peru
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Behavioral
Ecology And the Transition to Agriculture
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98:features are causative factors for its existence.
609:. University of California Press. pp. 172–.
279:(khuli) over which the grasses that flourish are
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39:(also known as Moquegua or Tumilaca). The
255:) at high altitudes, two woody plants of
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624:Rice, Prudence M. (15 December 2011).
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35:. It is one of the tributaries of the
381:and land area caused by discharge of
60:in the peripheral region of the high
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582:Andrea, Alfred J. (23 March 2011).
460:"Copper mining on the Asana River"
267:. The wetland species are mats of
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363:International Finance Corporation
355:Southern Peru Copper Corporation
432:Kennett & Winterhalder 2006
420:Kennett & Winterhalder 2006
375:environmental impact assessment
163:Balbisia-Verbena Diplostephium
1:
630:. University of Texas Press.
561:Aldenderfer, Mark S. (1998).
567:. University of Iowa Press.
194:), and in the High Sierra –
139:; grasses and herbs such as
708:
585:World History Encyclopedia
228:Parastrephia lepidopyhylum
175:Parastrephia lepidophyllum
692:Rivers of Moquegua Region
219:Calamagrostits bereifolia
125:and sparsely distributed
353:In the 1960s, when the
306:Hippocamelus antisensis
288:Calamagrostis rigescens
282:Calamagrostis crysantha
225:, and shrub species of
133:); perennial shrubs of
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64:, defined as an area (
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240:Baccharis macrophylla
215:Calamagrostits amonea
142:Chenopodium petiolare
109:
246:Chersodoma iodopappa
157:Fabiana weberbauerii
663:17.1067°S 70.6936°W
659: /
270:Distichia muscoides
234:Parastrephia lucida
136:Franseria meyeniana
668:-17.1067; -70.6936
359:Quellaveco Company
343:Lagidium viscacia)
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309:) in the northern
252:Opuntia atacamenis
148:Chenopodium quinoa
145:and grain quinoa (
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111:Polylepis rugulosa
637:978-0-292-74254-3
616:978-0-520-24647-8
595:978-1-85109-930-6
574:978-1-58729-474-7
535:, pp. 31–33.
264:Polylepis besseri
258:Azorella compacta
191:Polylepis besseri
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371:open pit mining
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335:Andean camelids
324:Vicugna vicugna
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70:Apachita Limani
66:Pampa Tinajones
54:Andes mountains
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29:Moquegua Region
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687:Rivers of Peru
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466:on 3 July 2013
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80:of the Andes.
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319:Lama guanicoe
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588:. ABC-CLIO.
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468:. Retrieved
464:the original
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330:Lama vicugna
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88:Ecologically
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37:Osmore River
31:of southern
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16:
15:
666: /
444:Andrea 2011
17:Asana River
681:Categories
654:70°41′37″W
651:17°06′24″S
392:References
367:World Bank
261:(yareta),
249:, cactus (
223:stipa ichu
188:, quenua (
185:stipa ichu
172:and tola (
169:Cherodesma
92:landslides
78:cordillera
386:effluents
196:Bofedales
115:Polylepis
48:Geography
21:Río Asana
504:Rice2011
379:aquifers
339:vizcacha
303:Taruca (
25:waterway
383:tailing
365:of the
211:bofedal
129:trees (
27:in the
23:) is a
634:
613:
592:
571:
470:3 July
349:Mining
327:) and
123:shrubs
74:runoff
58:pampas
295:Fauna
180:pampa
127:molle
102:Flora
41:Asana
632:ISBN
611:ISBN
590:ISBN
569:ISBN
472:2013
333:are
285:and
68:and
62:puna
33:Peru
345:.
202:).
683::
523:^
480:^
451:^
400:^
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640:.
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341:(
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198:(
19:(
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