171:. There, they encountered a man who granted them the ability to kill with their eyes. They waited until dusk to escape, but one of them was captured. When the captured member emerged from the muddy banks covered in mud, the enemy mistook him for a spirit and fled in fear, as many tribes in Papua New Guinea are fearful of spirits. Believing they had encountered a supernatural force, the enemy tribesmen fled back to their village and performed a special ceremony to ward off the spirits. The mudmen were unable to conceal their faces because it was believed that the mud from the Asaro River was poisonous. Instead, they crafted masks from heated pebbles and water from the waterfall.
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The masks feature distinctive designs, including elongated or very short ears that extend to the chin or point upwards at the top, elongated eyebrows connected to the ears, horns, and mouths oriented sideways.
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There are various oral histories regarding the origins of the Asaro Mudmen, with anthropologist Todd Otto observing that "there are as many versions of as there are sources."
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Another version suggests that the tradition originated when a wedding guest could not find a traditional wedding costume.
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According to one account, the Asaro tribe was defeated by an enemy tribe and sought refuge in the
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According to research conducted in
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Verloop, "The Asaro Mudmen: Local Property, Public Culture?" 1996
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Papua-Neuguinea: Steinzeit-Kulturen auf dem Weg ins 20. Jahrhundert
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300:"Behind the masks of Papua New Guinea's Asaro mud men"
315:"The Asaro Mudmen: Local Property, Public Culture?"
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