751:—the beautiful daughter of the king Saryati— accidentally blinded the old Chyavana, who was performing austerities. She married him to save her kingdom from his wrath and served him dutifully. While traveling on their chariot, the Ashvins saw Sukanya in a forest and tried to seduce her. They asked her to choose one of them as her new husband, but she refused and remained faithful to Chyavana. The twins were impressed by her chastity and asked her to wish anything. Upon their request, she told them to restore the youth and sight of Chyavana. Ashvins agreed but they had a condition. After curing Chyavana, they would also take similar form and she would have to identify Chyavana. Sukanya showed her consent after getting permission from her husband. Ashvins took Chyavana into a lake and cured him. When a young Chyavana emerged from the lake, Ashvins also took forms similar to him and Sukanya successfully identified her husband.
542:
877:. Their chariot has three chariot-boxes, three wheels, three turnings, and three wheel rims. The emphasis on the number 3 is symbolized in the sacrifice with its three soma pressings. The chariot is pulled by bulls, buffaloes, horses, birds, geese, and falcons. The chariot allows the Ashvins to be quick and mobile and travel to a number of places, which is necessary to fulfill their role of rescuing people. Sūryā, the daughter of the Sun, is sometimes mentioned as the wife of the Ashvins, and she rides with them in their chariot.
791:
47:
2493:
672:(fire sacrifice) performed by the gods, and thus, they were incomplete. Ashvins went to the sacrifice but the gods don't accept, claiming that the Ashvins were spending too much time with the mortals. After many attempts of explanation, they were finally accepted. The Ashvins are sometimes presented as fierce deities. In the
854:: she is bidden to awaken them (8.9.17), they follow her in their chariot (8.5.2), she is born when they hitch their steeds (10.39.12), and their chariot is once said to arrive before her (1.34.10). They are consequently associated with the "return from darkness": the twins are called “darkness slayers” (
645:
The
Ashvins also raised Vandana, rescued Atri from a fissure in the earth and its heat, found Vishnapu and returned him to his father, restored the youth of Kali, brought Kamadyū as a wife for Vimada, gave a son to Vadhrimatī (whose husband was a steer), restored the eyesight of Rijrashva, replaced
633:
16, they also helped the sage Gotama, who was lost in a desert and begged for water. It is described that the gods dug a water well and helped the sage. According to another account, Rebha was bound, stabbed, and cast into the waters for nine days and ten nights before being saved by the twins. He
668:. However, she refused and claimed that the twins were imperfect and told them to restore the youth of Chyavana. Desperate to know the reason for her words, they fulfilled her condition and the sage finally revealed that Ashvins were excluded from a
563:, with more than 50 hymns specifically dedicated to them: 1.3, 1.22, 1.34, 1.46–47, 1.112, 1.116–120, 1.157–158, 1.180–184, 2.20, 3.58, 4.43–45, 5.73–78, 6.62–63, 7.67–74, 8.5, 8.8–10, 8.22, 8.26, 8.35, 8.57, 8.73, 8.85–87, 10.24, 10.39–41, 10.143.
727:
adds that she performed austerities in the forest to gain control over Surya's heat. After Surya discovered Sanjna's disappearance, he located her and had sex with her in the form of a stallion. Sanjna gave birth to the twins. Rarely, in some
357:, the Ashvins are always referred to in the dual, without individual names, although Vedic texts differentiate between the two Ashvins: "one of you is respected as the victorious lord of Sumakha, and the other as the fortunate son of heaven" (
1655:. Shri Jainendra Press A-45, Naraina Industrial Area, Phase I, New Delhi-110 028, India: University of Pennsylvania Press, Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts, Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited. p. 171.
690:
In the post-Vedic texts of
Hinduism, the Ashvins remain significant, and in these texts, one of them is referred as Nasatya and the other one is known as Darsa. Many of their legends are rewritten in various texts like the epic
269:, they are described as youthful divine twin horsemen, travelling in a chariot drawn by horses that are never weary, and portrayed as guardian deities that safeguard and rescue people by aiding them in various situations.
572:
You free Atri, the seer of the five peoples, from narrow straits, from the earth cleft along with his band, o men—confounding the wiles of the merciless Dasyu, driving them out, one after another, o bulls.
575:
O Aśvins—you men, you bulls—by the wondrous powers you draw back together the seer Rebha, who bobbed away in the waters, like a horse hidden by those of evil ways. Your ancient deeds do not grow old.
541:
1405:""The" Vishnu Purana ; 3: A System of Hindu Mythology and Tradition ; Translated from the Original Sanskrit, and Illustrated by Notes Derived Chiefly from Other Puranas"
2339:
614:, had a daughter named Sūryā (with a long ā) and arranged a horse-race to choose her bridegroom. The Ashvins won the race and thus, both of them married Suryā.
638:
10.39.9). Similarly, Bhujyu was saved after his father or evil companions abandoned him at sea when the twins brought him home from the dead ancestors (
2843:
2332:
1941:
1777:
1753:
1716:
1695:
1639:
1612:
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717:, was married to Surya, but she was unable to bear his heat and decided to abandon him. She ran away and roamed in the forest of northern
1585:
1795:
1995:
1803:
1660:
1271:
1237:
629:
112 describes that when the sage
Dirghashravas prayed to Ashvins for rain, the twins poured sweet water from the sky. According to
946:
Contradictory to this, some chapters of
Rigveda suggest that Sūryā's bridegroom was the god Soma and the Ashvins were his friends.
2325:
758:
also narrates about the birth of Nakula and
Sahadeva, who were the “spiritual sons” of the Ashvins. According to the epic, king
1279:
1650:
850:
The
Ashvins are invoked at dawn, the time of their principal sacrifice, and have a close connection with the dawn goddess,
823:
The
Ashvins are associated with honey, which was likely offered to them in a sacrifice. They are the chief deities in the
1685:
1676:
487:
419:
331:
2676:
1194:
316:
1404:
2878:
1480:
Hindu World: An
Encyclopedic Survey of Hinduism. Volume II M-Z. Benjamin Walker. Routledge. 2019. Entry: "Pandava"
2863:
1728:
Puranic encyclopaedia : a comprehensive dictionary with special reference to the epic and
Puranic literature
606:(dawn) and sometimes they are even mentioned as her sons. The marriage of the Ashvin brothers is narrated in the
594:(Sanjna) engaged in love making in the form of a stallion and a mare respectively. The Ashvins are also called "
2796:
2632:
570:
By which (chariot) you go to the home of the good ritual performer, by that, o men, travel your course to us.
2873:
2231:
1763:
1731:
2848:
1988:
1841:
762:
was unable to make love to his wives due to a curse and didn't have any heir. So, he advised his wives,
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231:
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1833:
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1167:
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442:
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650:
with a metal one, made the cow Śayu give milk, gave a horse to Pedu, and put a horse's head on
598:, which is variously translated as either "sons" or "grandsons" of Dyaush. At one mention, the
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2145:
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1233:
1159:
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522:
506:
502:
396:
222:
138:
866:, 1.92.17), and their horses and chariot are described as "uncovering the covered darkness" (
441:
religious reformation that changed the status of prior deities –, and also in the Greek hero
2596:
2075:
1981:
1929:
1883:
1823:
1151:
1032:
847:. They also are the last deities to receive Soma in the Atirātra, or Overnight Soma Ritual.
827:, in which they are offered hot milk. They are also associated with the morning pressing of
602:
is stated to be their mother. Ashvins were the close companions of the Vedic mother goddess
510:
1280:
http://www.heritageinstitute.com/zoroastrianism/ranghaya/suppiluliuma_shattiwaza_treaty.htm
798:
The
Ashvins are often associated with rescuing mortals and bringing them back to life. The
272:
There are varying accounts, but Ashvins are generally mentioned as the sons of the sun god
2822:
2551:
2536:
2360:
2221:
2216:
2203:
2083:
446:
65:
1903:
Mitra, Jyotir (1984). "Ashvins, the Twin Celestial Physicians, and Their Medical Skill".
770:, to invoke various gods and ask for sons. Ashvins Nasatya and Darsa blessed Madri with
2450:
1853:
Chakravarty, Uma (1989). "The Aśvins: an Incarnation of the Universal Twinship Motif".
1624:
1256:
1142:
Ahmadi, Amir (2015). "Two Chthonic Features of the Daēva Cult in Historical Evidence".
438:
2837:
2787:
2348:
1179:
840:
723:
518:
498:
383:
257:
207:
1814:[The Aśvin godlings and the epic twins in old-javanese art and literature].
858:, 3.39.3), they are invoked with the formula "you who have made light for mankind" (
568:
Your chariot, o Aśvins, swifter than mind, drawn by good horses, comes to the clans.
2211:
2188:
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718:
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260:
154:
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344:
203:
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also describes the Ashvins as "bringing light": they gave "light-bringing help" (
634:
was explicitly described as "dead" when the twins "raised (him) up" to save him (
2780:
2755:
2696:
2492:
2470:
2352:
2306:
2274:
2226:
1708:
The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World
1626:
Hindu Goddesses: Visions of the Divine Feminine in the Hindu Religious Tradition
1225:
714:
693:
599:
458:
282:
82:
72:
46:
1887:
1812:"De Aśvin-goden en de epische tweelingen in de oudjavaanse kunst en literatuur"
17:
2762:
2691:
2405:
2294:
2269:
2264:
2110:
2065:
1828:
1811:
1730:. Robarts - University of Toronto. Delhi : Motilal Banarsidass. pp.
1171:
895:
699:
526:
1163:
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2020:
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242:
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304:
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177:
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581:
1.117.2–4, in The Rigveda, translated by Stephanie W. Jamison (2014)
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2155:
2125:
2098:
2012:
2004:
1539:
Handbook on Ayurvedic Medicines With Formulae, Processes And Their Uses
1232:. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 58–61.
903:
899:
880:
It is also believed that the Ashvins were the first one to prepare the
800:
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661:
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324:
265:
126:
78:
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2130:
2115:
891:
844:
779:
771:
733:
615:
374:
288:
277:
172:
150:
112:
86:
1155:
493:. Reflexes in other Indo-European religions include the Lithuanian
2735:
2654:
2586:
2546:
2531:
2455:
2420:
2383:
2256:
2178:
2165:
2140:
2103:
2093:
1745:
The Roots of Hinduism: The Early Aryans and the Indus Civilization
907:
851:
832:
789:
767:
763:
759:
678:
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603:
540:
366:
273:
146:
142:
106:
263:
associated with medicine, health, dawn, and the sciences. In the
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392:
237:
134:
130:
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1977:
999:
997:
995:
993:
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978:
976:
586:
According to the text, the Ashvins were born after the sun god
369:(the sky-god)'. This formula is comparable with the Lithuanian
1208:
1206:
812:, 1.119.8) to Bhujyu, and "raised (Rebha) up to see the sun" (
621:
The Ashvins are depicted as the helpers of mortals in various
1110:
1108:
1106:
794:
Thai depiction of the Horse-faced Ashvins on a chariot (1959)
664:, the daughter of king Saryati and wife of an old sage named
618:
is also stated to have chosen the Ashvins to be his fathers.
610:
117 of Rigveda. According to the legend, the sun god, Surya-
1874:
JAMISON, S. W. (2002). "Review of Les Nāsatya, Volume II".
732:
s, Ashvins are mentioned as the sons (creation) of the god
410:, 'safe return home'), a name that appears 99 times in the
1973:
873:
The chariot of the Ashvins is repeatedly mentioned in the
1093:
1091:
1089:
1924:
Parpola, Asko (2015b). "The Aśvins as Funerary Gods".
1416:
1414:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1855:
Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute
2724:
2642:
2500:
2359:
2255:
2202:
2164:
2074:
2011:
1604:
The Rigveda: The Earliest Religious Poetry of India
1125:
1123:
517:. The first mention of the Nasatya twins is from a
387:, the 'sons of Dievs (the sky-god)'; and the Greek
199:
189:
184:
168:
160:
122:
99:
94:
71:
61:
53:
32:
1623:
1333:De Witt Griswold, Harvey; Farquhar, J. N. (1923).
1255:
1601:Jamison, Stephanie W.; Brereton, Joel P. (2014).
890:believed in local tradition to be located at his
1513:
1390:
1347:
1290:
1003:
910:, the etymology behind the modern rendering of
565:
342:, from which also descends the Lithuanian name
982:
713:According to these texts, Sanjna, daughter of
2333:
1989:
1705:Mallory, James P.; Adams, Douglas Q. (2006).
1073:Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project
529:, respectively kings of the Hittites and the
8:
1816:Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde
1711:. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
1212:
831:, because they are dual deities, along with
545:Birth of the Ashvins, a folio from the text
1630:. University of California Press. pp.
559:The Ashvins are mentioned 398 times in the
2340:
2326:
2318:
1996:
1982:
1974:
1905:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress
1649:Kramisch, Stella; Miller, Barbara (1983).
1034:Commentary on the Hindu System of Medicine
470:. Sometimes one of them is referred to as
45:
1934:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190226909.003.0011
1827:
437:, the name of a demon – as a result of a
57:Ashvini Kumaras, Ashvinau, Nasatya, Dasra
1114:
739:These texts also elaborate the story of
361:1.181.4). They are called several times
1359:
1337:. Oxford University Press. p. 262.
972:
939:
1668:
1322:. Oxford University Press. p. 51.
1196:The Mystery of the Mahabharata: Vol. I
406:(possibly 'saviours'; a derivative of
402:The twin gods are also referred to as
29:
1525:
1501:
1489:
1468:
1444:
1432:
1313:
1311:
1129:
1018:
7:
1456:
1420:
1378:
1302:
1199:. India Research Press. p. 362.
1097:
1056:
1014:
1012:
1796:Dictionary of Hindu Lore and Legend
486:The Ashvins are an instance of the
462:, the Ashvins are often called the
1318:Macdonell, Arthur Anthony (1897).
1071:. "Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon".
295:were the children of the Ashvins.
25:
959:section of Literature and legends
682:Vishvaka as well as his dynasty.
2491:
956:
377:(the sky-god'), attached to the
1566:Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide
660:, Ashvins once tried to seduce
1955:. Sacred Texts. pp. 32–33
868:aporṇuvántas táma ā́ párīvṛtam
743:, which was first narrated in
1:
2844:Characters in the Mahabharata
1769:Indo-European Poetry and Myth
521:treaty (c.1350 BCE), between
1953:"Section III (Paushya Parva"
1652:Exploring India's Sacred Art
721:in the form of a mare. The
676:117, they even destroyed an
236:'horse possessors',
1772:. Oxford University Press.
1748:. Oxford University Press.
1607:. Oxford University Press.
1590:Center for Hellenic Studies
1586:"Hippota Nestor - 3. Vedic"
1514:Jamison & Brereton 2014
1391:Jamison & Brereton 2014
1348:Jamison & Brereton 2014
1335:The Religion of the Rigveda
1291:Jamison & Brereton 2014
1004:Jamison & Brereton 2014
505:; and possibly the English
315:(अश्विन्) derives from the
310:
243:
39:Gods of Health and Medicine
27:Hindu twin gods of medicine
2895:
1888:10.1163/000000002124994928
1403:Wilson, Horace H. (1866).
1262:. Scholars Press. p.
983:Kramisch & Miller 1983
426:('to return home '), with
418:probably derives from the
2813:
2489:
1829:10.1163/22134379-90002890
1806:) by Anna L. Dallapiccola
1687:Myth, Ritual and Religion
226:
44:
37:
2797:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali
1810:BOSCH, F. D. K. (1967).
1675:: CS1 maint: location (
1258:Hittite Diplomatic Texts
1254:Gary M. Beckman (1999).
1213:Mallory & Adams 2006
778:, respectively, through
1622:Kinsley, David (1988).
1584:Frame, Douglas (2009).
1569:. Penguin Books India.
864:jyótir jánāya cakráthuḥ
1563:Dalal, Roshen (2010).
795:
584:
551:
537:Literature and legends
482:Origin and equivalents
365:that is 'grandsons of
299:Etymology and epithets
1926:The Roots of Hinduism
1726:Mani, Vettam (1975).
1684:Lang, Andrew (1887).
1596:on 20 September 2019.
1230:Comparative Mythology
1037:. Trübner. p. 4.
1031:Wise, Thomas (1860).
886:formulation for Sage
793:
544:
248:), also known as the
1928:. pp. 117–129.
1876:Indo-Iranian Journal
1144:History of Religions
928:Lithuanian mythology
654:. According to the
600:Indus (Sindhu) River
334:word for the horse,
1690:. Longmans, Green.
1293:, pp. 272–273.
1117:, pp. 109–110.
1069:Lubotsky, Alexander
818:aírayataṃ svàr dṛśé
747:. In this version,
657:Shatapatha Brahmana
420:Proto-Indo-European
330:), itself from the
1100:, p. 187–191.
926:, counterparts in
796:
552:
491:divine horse twins
287:the Pandava twins
2879:Mythological duos
2831:
2830:
2315:
2314:
1943:978-0-19-022690-9
1779:978-0-19-928075-9
1755:978-0-19-022693-0
1718:978-0-19-929668-2
1697:978-1-77441-377-7
1641:978-0-520-90883-3
1614:978-0-19-937018-4
1576:978-0-14-341421-6
1547:978-81-86623-63-3
1077:Leiden University
507:Hengist and Horsa
503:Castor and Pollux
397:Castor and Pollux
235:
213:
212:
200:Baltic equivalent
139:Shraddhadeva Manu
16:(Redirected from
2886:
2864:Rigvedic deities
2495:
2342:
2335:
2328:
2319:
1998:
1991:
1984:
1975:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1951:Parva, Paushya.
1947:
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1861:(1/4): 137–143.
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1783:
1759:
1735:
1722:
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1629:
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1592:. Archived from
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1039:
1038:
1028:
1022:
1016:
1007:
1001:
986:
980:
960:
953:
947:
944:
625:of Rigveda. The
582:
509:, and the Welsh
453:('save, heal').
313:
246:
230:
228:
190:Greek equivalent
49:
30:
21:
2894:
2893:
2889:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2884:
2883:
2834:
2833:
2832:
2827:
2823:Hindu mythology
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2002:
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1944:
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1902:
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1789:Further reading
1786:
1780:
1764:West, Martin L.
1762:
1756:
1738:
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1719:
1704:
1698:
1683:
1667:
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1412:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1393:, p. 1522.
1389:
1385:
1377:
1366:
1358:
1354:
1346:
1342:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1320:Vedic Mythology
1317:
1316:
1309:
1301:
1297:
1289:
1285:
1274:
1253:
1251:
1247:
1240:
1224:
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1211:
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1192:
1191:
1187:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1128:
1121:
1113:
1104:
1096:
1087:
1067:
1063:
1055:
1042:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1017:
1010:
1002:
989:
981:
974:
969:
964:
963:
954:
950:
945:
941:
936:
920:
883:chayavanprasham
788:
688:
686:Post-Vedic text
583:
580:
577:
574:
573:
571:
569:
557:
539:
484:
395:', designating
391:, the 'boys of
339:
301:
250:Ashvini Kumaras
176:
118:
40:
28:
23:
22:
18:Ashwini Kumaras
15:
12:
11:
5:
2892:
2890:
2882:
2881:
2876:
2874:Health deities
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2836:
2835:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2825:
2820:
2814:
2811:
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2808:
2807:
2800:
2793:
2792:
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2777:
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2765:
2760:
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2753:
2748:
2743:
2732:
2730:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2668:
2667:
2662:
2652:
2646:
2644:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2636:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
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2527:
2522:
2517:
2506:
2504:
2498:
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2485:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
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2418:
2413:
2408:
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2398:
2393:
2388:
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2386:
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2376:
2365:
2363:
2357:
2356:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2337:
2330:
2322:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2309:
2304:
2303:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2261:
2259:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2208:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2170:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2107:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2080:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2017:
2015:
2009:
2008:
2003:
2001:
2000:
1993:
1986:
1978:
1971:
1970:External links
1968:
1966:
1965:
1948:
1942:
1921:
1900:
1882:(4): 347–350.
1871:
1850:
1822:(4): 427–441.
1807:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1784:
1778:
1760:
1754:
1736:
1723:
1717:
1702:
1696:
1681:
1661:
1646:
1640:
1619:
1613:
1598:
1581:
1575:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1530:
1518:
1506:
1494:
1482:
1473:
1471:, p. 101.
1461:
1449:
1447:, p. 100.
1437:
1425:
1410:
1395:
1383:
1364:
1352:
1350:, p. 157.
1340:
1325:
1307:
1295:
1283:
1272:
1245:
1238:
1217:
1215:, p. 432.
1202:
1193:Thadani, N.v.
1185:
1172:10.1086/679000
1156:10.1086/679000
1134:
1119:
1102:
1085:
1061:
1059:, p. 187.
1040:
1023:
1008:
987:
985:, p. 171.
971:
970:
968:
965:
962:
961:
948:
938:
937:
935:
932:
931:
930:
919:
916:
825:Pravargya rite
787:
784:
687:
684:
578:
566:
556:
553:
538:
535:
497:, the Latvian
483:
480:
381:; the Latvian
371:Dievo sūneliai
337:
300:
297:
280:. In the epic
211:
210:
201:
197:
196:
191:
187:
186:
182:
181:
170:
166:
165:
162:
158:
157:
124:
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119:
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97:
96:
92:
91:
75:
69:
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63:
59:
58:
55:
51:
50:
42:
41:
38:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2891:
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2819:
2816:
2815:
2812:
2806:
2805:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2789:
2788:Bhagavad Gita
2785:
2784:
2783:
2782:
2778:
2776:
2775:
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2764:
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2670:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2643:Other deities
2641:
2635:
2634:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
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2600:
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2595:
2593:
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2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
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2548:
2545:
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2533:
2530:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2512:
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2508:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2499:
2494:
2484:
2483:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
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2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2349:Hindu deities
2343:
2338:
2336:
2331:
2329:
2324:
2323:
2320:
2308:
2305:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2254:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2163:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2073:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2006:
1999:
1994:
1992:
1987:
1985:
1980:
1979:
1976:
1969:
1954:
1949:
1945:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1808:
1805:
1804:0-500-51088-1
1801:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1788:
1781:
1775:
1771:
1770:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1751:
1747:
1746:
1741:
1740:Parpola, Asko
1737:
1733:
1729:
1724:
1720:
1714:
1710:
1709:
1703:
1699:
1693:
1689:
1688:
1682:
1678:
1672:
1664:
1662:81-208-1208-5
1658:
1654:
1653:
1647:
1643:
1637:
1633:
1628:
1627:
1620:
1616:
1610:
1606:
1605:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1582:
1578:
1572:
1568:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1555:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1534:
1531:
1527:
1522:
1519:
1516:, p. 47.
1515:
1510:
1507:
1503:
1498:
1495:
1491:
1486:
1483:
1477:
1474:
1470:
1465:
1462:
1459:, p. 70.
1458:
1453:
1450:
1446:
1441:
1438:
1435:, p. 64.
1434:
1429:
1426:
1423:, p. 69.
1422:
1417:
1415:
1411:
1406:
1399:
1396:
1392:
1387:
1384:
1381:, p. 71.
1380:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1356:
1353:
1349:
1344:
1341:
1336:
1329:
1326:
1321:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1299:
1296:
1292:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1275:
1273:9780788505515
1269:
1265:
1260:
1259:
1249:
1246:
1241:
1239:0-8018-3938-6
1235:
1231:
1227:
1221:
1218:
1214:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1198:
1197:
1189:
1186:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1138:
1135:
1131:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1115:Parpola 2015a
1111:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1065:
1062:
1058:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1035:
1027:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1006:, p. 48.
1005:
1000:
998:
996:
994:
992:
988:
984:
979:
977:
973:
966:
958:
952:
949:
943:
940:
933:
929:
925:
922:
921:
917:
915:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
884:
878:
876:
871:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
848:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
821:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
802:
792:
785:
783:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
752:
750:
746:
742:
737:
735:
731:
726:
725:
724:Vishnu Purana
720:
716:
711:
709:
708:
703:
701:
696:
695:
685:
683:
681:
680:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
658:
653:
649:
643:
641:
637:
632:
628:
624:
619:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
590:and his wife
589:
576:
564:
562:
554:
550:
549:
543:
536:
534:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
489:
488:Indo-European
481:
479:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
460:
456:In the later
454:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
400:
398:
394:
390:
386:
385:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
355:
349:
347:
346:
341:
333:
332:Indo-European
329:
326:
322:
318:
314:
312:
306:
298:
296:
294:
290:
286:
284:
279:
276:and his wife
275:
270:
268:
267:
262:
259:
255:
251:
247:
245:
239:
233:
224:
220:
215:
209:
205:
202:
198:
195:
192:
188:
183:
179:
174:
171:
167:
163:
159:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
125:
121:
114:
111:
108:
105:
104:
102:
98:
93:
89:
88:
84:
80:
76:
74:
70:
67:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
43:
36:
31:
19:
2849:Divine twins
2802:
2795:
2786:
2779:
2772:
2697:Gramadevatas
2631:
2480:
2395:
2212:Sapta Sindhu
2120:
1957:. Retrieved
1925:
1908:
1904:
1879:
1875:
1858:
1854:
1819:
1818:(in Dutch).
1815:
1768:
1744:
1727:
1707:
1686:
1651:
1625:
1603:
1594:the original
1589:
1565:
1556:Bibliography
1541:, 2004, p10
1538:
1533:
1521:
1509:
1497:
1485:
1476:
1464:
1452:
1440:
1428:
1398:
1386:
1362:, p. 6.
1360:Kinsley 1988
1355:
1343:
1334:
1328:
1319:
1298:
1286:
1257:
1248:
1229:
1226:Puhvel, Jaan
1220:
1195:
1188:
1147:
1143:
1137:
1080:
1072:
1064:
1033:
1026:
957:#Vedic texts
951:
942:
912:chyavanprash
911:
882:
879:
874:
872:
867:
863:
859:
855:
849:
822:
820:, 1.112.5).
817:
813:
809:
805:
799:
797:
786:Associations
755:
753:
738:
729:
722:
719:Kuru kingdom
712:
705:
698:
692:
689:
677:
673:
655:
646:the foot of
644:
639:
635:
630:
626:
622:
620:
607:
596:divó nápātā"
595:
585:
567:
560:
558:
546:
523:Suppiluliuma
501:, the Greek
485:
475:
471:
467:
463:
457:
455:
450:
434:
423:
411:
407:
403:
401:
388:
382:
370:
363:divó nápātā,
362:
358:
352:
350:
343:
335:
327:
320:
317:Indo-Iranian
308:
302:
281:
271:
264:
253:
249:
241:
218:
216:
214:
155:Savarni Manu
77:
2869:Savior gods
2854:Health gods
2781:Mahabharata
2692:Kuladevatas
2471:Vishvakarma
2307:Dirghatamas
2275:Vishvamitra
2247:Drishadvati
1911:: 220–228.
870:, 4.45.2).
756:Mahabharata
715:Vishvakarma
694:Mahabharata
642:1.119.4).
555:Vedic texts
474:and one as
459:Mahabharata
445:and in the
439:Zoroastrian
389:Diós-kouroi
373:, 'sons of
283:Mahabharata
185:Equivalents
83:Mahabharata
62:Affiliation
54:Other names
2859:Hindu gods
2838:Categories
2763:Upanishads
2682:Gandharvas
2406:Dattatreya
2295:Bharadvaja
2270:Gritsamada
2265:Saptarishi
2111:Visvedevas
1959:1 November
1846:1130862317
1537:Panda, H;
1526:Frame 2009
1502:Frame 2009
1490:Frame 2009
1469:Dalal 2010
1445:Dalal 2010
1433:Dalal 2010
1278:. Excerpt
1150:(3): 348.
1130:Frame 2009
1019:Frame 2009
967:References
896:Dhosi Hill
700:Harivamsha
548:Harivamsha
527:Shattiwaza
499:Dieva Dēli
435:Nā̊ŋhaiθya
384:Dieva Dēli
208:Dieva Dēli
2702:Rakshasas
2572:Mahavidya
2515:Saraswati
2502:Goddesses
2431:Kartikeya
2300:Vasishtha
2242:Yavyavati
2222:Sarasvati
2217:Nadistuti
1742:(2015a).
1671:cite book
1457:Mani 1975
1421:Mani 1975
1379:Mani 1975
1303:Lang 1887
1252:KBo 1 1.
1180:162230518
1164:0018-2710
1098:West 2007
1057:West 2007
924:Ašvieniai
806:svàrvatīr
745:Brahmanas
515:Manawydan
495:Ašvieniai
379:Ašvieniai
345:Ašvieniai
261:twin gods
204:Ašvieniai
95:Genealogy
2818:Hinduism
2774:Ramayana
2716:Yakshini
2622:Shashthi
2582:Matrikas
2567:Mahadevi
2369:Trimurti
2280:Vamadeva
2013:Mandalas
1917:44140202
1896:24664156
1867:41693465
1842:ProQuest
1838:27860895
1766:(2007).
1528:, §1.45.
1504:, §1.44.
1492:, §1.43.
1228:(1987).
1021:, §1.42.
918:See also
888:Chyavana
856:tamohánā
776:Sahadeva
741:Chyavana
704:and the
666:Chyavana
652:Dadhyañc
648:Vishpala
588:Vivasvat
579:—
464:Nasatyas
428:cognates
404:Nā́satyā
305:Sanskrit
293:Sahadeva
223:Sanskrit
194:Dioskuri
178:Sahadeva
169:Children
123:Siblings
115:(mother)
109:(father)
2768:Puranas
2756:Atharva
2725:Texts (
2712:Yakshas
2707:Vahanas
2677:Dikpāla
2650:Apsaras
2602:Rukmini
2577:Matangi
2525:Parvati
2520:Lakshmi
2510:Tridevi
2436:Krishna
2416:Hanuman
2411:Ganesha
2401:Chandra
2396:Ashvins
2290:Angiras
2194:Danavas
2156:Aryaman
2126:Tvashtr
2121:Ashvins
2076:Deities
2005:Rigveda
1079:. s.v.
904:Haryana
900:Narnaul
875:Rigveda
801:Rigveda
749:Sukanya
707:Puranas
662:Sukanya
612:Savitra
592:Saranyu
561:Rigveda
531:Mitanni
519:Mitanni
472:Nasatya
432:Avestan
430:in the
416:epithet
412:Rigveda
354:Rigveda
351:In the
325:Avestan
321:*Haćwa-
266:Rigveda
254:Asvinau
234:
227:अश्विन्
219:Ashvins
161:Consort
127:Revanta
100:Parents
79:Rigveda
33:Ashvins
2672:Devata
2665:Danava
2660:Daitya
2655:Asuras
2617:Shakti
2607:Sanjna
2597:Rohini
2557:Shachi
2542:Chhaya
2461:Varuna
2451:Shasta
2441:Kubera
2379:Vishnu
2374:Brahma
2257:Rishis
2232:Sarayu
2227:Sindhu
2204:Rivers
2174:Vritra
2166:Asuras
2151:Varuna
2136:Pushan
2131:Ribhus
2116:Maruts
1940:
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1894:
1865:
1844:
1836:
1802:
1776:
1752:
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1170:
1162:
892:ashram
845:Varuṇa
780:Niyoga
772:Nakula
734:Brahma
730:Purana
623:suktas
616:Pushan
468:Dasras
451:nasjan
447:Gothic
443:Nestor
414:. The
408:nasatí
375:Dievas
289:Nakula
278:Sanjna
256:, are
173:Nakula
151:Tapati
113:Sanjna
87:Purana
2751:Yajur
2736:Vedas
2587:Radha
2552:Ganga
2547:Durga
2537:Bhumi
2532:Aditi
2456:Surya
2421:Indra
2384:Shiva
2353:texts
2184:Dasas
2179:Susna
2146:Mitra
2141:Rudra
2104:Ushas
2094:Indra
2084:Devas
1913:JSTOR
1892:JSTOR
1863:JSTOR
1834:JSTOR
1176:S2CID
1168:JSTOR
1081:áśva-
934:Notes
908:India
898:near
841:Mitra
833:Indra
810:ūtī́r
768:Madri
764:Kunti
760:Pandu
679:asura
674:sukta
670:yajna
631:sukta
627:sukta
608:Sukta
604:Ushas
476:Dasra
449:verb
424:*nes-
422:root
367:Dyaús
340:éḱwos
323:(cf.
319:stem
311:Aśvín
307:name
274:Surya
258:Hindu
244:Aśvin
180:(son)
175:(son)
164:Sūryā
147:Karna
143:Shani
107:Surya
73:Texts
66:Devas
2804:more
2746:Sama
2727:list
2687:Gana
2633:more
2627:Sita
2612:Sati
2592:Rati
2562:Kali
2482:more
2476:Yama
2466:Vayu
2446:Rama
2426:Kama
2391:Agni
2361:Gods
2351:and
2285:Atri
2237:Rasā
2189:Danu
2099:Soma
2089:Agni
1961:2013
1938:ISBN
1800:ISBN
1774:ISBN
1750:ISBN
1713:ISBN
1692:ISBN
1677:link
1657:ISBN
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1268:ISBN
1234:ISBN
1160:ISSN
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860:yā́v
852:Uṣas
839:and
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829:Soma
774:and
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754:The
525:and
513:and
511:Bran
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232:lit.
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