113:
739:
1384:
683:
1558:
1490:
1440:
731:
717:
137:
952:
600:
661:
969:. Reduviidae are monophyletic, and the "Phymatine Complex" is consistently recovered as the sister to the higher Reduviidae, which includes 90 percent of the reduviid species diversity. Reduviidae is suggested to have split from other Cimicomorphs during the Jurassic, based on molecular clock. The oldest fossils of the family are from the
678:
Adult insects range from roughly 12 to 36 mm (0.47 to 1.42 in), depending on the species. They most commonly have an elongated head with a distinct narrowed 'neck', long legs, and prominent, segmented, tubular mouthparts, most commonly called the proboscis, but some authors use the term
708:(stridulatory organ). These sounds are often used to discourage predators. When harassed, many species can deliver a painful stab with the proboscis, injecting venom or digestive juices. The effects can be intensely painful and the injection from some species may be medically significant.
888:
Some species are bloodsuckers rather than predators, and they are accordingly far less welcome to humans. The blood-feeding habit is thought to have evolved from species that lived in the nests of mammalian hosts. Several species are known to live among bat roosts, including
399:
The family members are almost all predatory, except for a few blood-sucking species, some of which are important as disease vectors. About 7000 species have been described, in more than 20 recognized subfamilies, making it one of the largest families in the
Hemiptera.
964:
Current taxonomy is based on morphological characteristics. The first cladistic analysis based on molecular data (mitochondrial and nuclear ribosomal DNA) was published in 2009 and called into question the monophyly of some current groups, such as the
825:, an Australian species in which the adult attacks and eats ants, but the nymph waits until the ant bites the feathery tufts on its hind legs, upon which it whips around and pierces the ant's head with its proboscis, and proceeds to feed.
1629:
Hwang, & Weirauch, C. (2012). Evolutionary history of assassin bugs (Insecta: Hemiptera: Reduviidae): insights from divergence dating and ancestral state reconstruction. PLOS ONE, 7(9), e45523–e45523.
840:, in tests on lepidopteran pests. The effects included reduction of food consumption, assimilation, and use. Its antiaggregation factors also affected the aggregation and mobility of haemocytes.
929:, are known as kissing bugs, because they tend to bite sleeping humans in the soft tissue around the lips and eyes. A more serious problem than their bites is the fact that several of these
1517:
Weirauch, Christiane; Munro, James B. (October 2009). "Molecular phylogeny of the assassin bugs (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), based on mitochondrial and nuclear ribosomal genes".
753:
that liquefies the insides of the prey, which are then sucked out. The saliva contains enzymes that digest the tissues they swallow. This process is generally referred to as
383:. Though spectacular exceptions are known, most members of the family are fairly easily recognizable; they have a relatively narrow neck, sturdy build, and formidable curved
1453:
Kitherin, Sahayaraj; Muthukumar, S. (2011). "Zootoxic effects of reduviid
Rhynocoris marginatus (Fab.) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) venomous saliva on Spodoptera litura (Fab.)".
1241:
Stevens, Lori; Dorn, Patricia L.; Schmidt, Justin O.; Klotz, John H.; Lucero, David; Klotz, Stephen A. (1 January 2011). "Chapter 8 - Kissing Bugs. The
Vectors of Chagas".
1643:
Wang, Bo; Xia, Fangyuan; Engel, Michael S.; Perrichot, Vincent; Shi, Gongle; Zhang, Haichun; Chen, Jun; Jarzembowski, Edmund A.; Wappler, Torsten; Rust, Jes (June 2016).
3874:
807:
is an example, and some people breed them as pets and for pest control. Some assassin bug subfamilies are adapted to hunting certain types of prey; for example, the
3748:
3787:
1710:"A primitive triatomine bug, Paleotriatoma metaxytaxa gen. et sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae), in mid-Cretaceous amber from northern Myanmar"
3722:
391:). Large specimens should be handled with caution, if at all, because they sometimes defend themselves with a very painful stab from the proboscis.
760:
The legs of some
Reduviidae have areas covered in tiny hairs that aid in holding onto their prey while they feed. Others, members of the subfamily
3761:
1503:
1307:
1573:"Evolutionary History of Assassin Bugs (Insecta: Hemiptera: Reduviidae): Insights from Divergence Dating and Ancestral State Reconstruction"
1029:"Evolutionary History of Assassin Bugs (Insecta: Hemiptera: Reduviidae): Insights from Divergence Dating and Ancestral State Reconstruction"
112:
1802:
1339:
1262:
647:
745:– predatory flower assassin bug from South Africa, may bite when carelessly handled, painful aftereffects often persist for months
795:, known as the masked hunter because of its habit of camouflaging itself with dust. Some species tend to feed on pests such as
625:
3766:
855:(Servile) have been studied because of their activity against human pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria (including strains of
3869:
3774:
738:
3631:
3618:
621:
610:
136:
3701:
672:
371:; most other predatory Hemiptera are aquatic. The main examples of non-predatory Reduviidae are some blood-sucking
3792:
629:
614:
3714:
349:
223:
1153:
Laiton J., Laura A.; Giraldo-Jaramillo, Marisol; Forero, Dimitri; Benavides M., Pablo (2021). "The wheel bug
696:
The most distinctive feature of the family is that the tip of the proboscis fits into a ridged groove in the
1795:
1383:
851:
779:
themselves effectively with debris or the remains of dead prey insects. The nymphal instars of the species
3558:
1761:
1557:
1489:
1439:
925:
919:
881:
875:
863:
3823:
845:
830:
781:
682:
3636:
730:
430:" or "remnant". Possibly this name was inspired by the lateral flanges on the abdomen of many species.
327:
3841:
299:
3802:
3670:
3605:
1721:
1656:
1584:
1530:
1462:
1410:
1040:
335:
122:
2700:
315:
279:
3864:
3421:
3162:
2922:
2747:
791:
372:
287:
258:
3431:
3120:
3094:
1357:"Gross Morphology of Feeding Canal, Salivary Apparatus and Digestive Enzymes of Salivary Gland of
716:
295:
2721:
2598:
2589:
1788:
1737:
1709:
1217:
1174:
1129:
722:
131:
3828:
940:, sometimes called American trypanosomiasis. This results in the death of 12,000 people a year.
246:
331:
250:
3810:
3657:
2381:
2341:
2103:
1690:
1672:
1612:
1546:
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1428:
1335:
1303:
1268:
1258:
1121:
1076:
1058:
821:
388:
3753:
828:
Some research on the nature of the venom from certain
Reduviidae is under way. The saliva of
757:. The saliva is commonly effective at killing prey substantially larger than the bug itself.
3815:
3464:
3406:
3401:
3235:
3146:
2909:
2687:
2679:
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2389:
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1729:
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1166:
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1048:
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956:
869:
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571:
242:
3596:
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3426:
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3269:
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3201:
3176:
2917:
2770:
2611:
2575:
2565:
2547:
2483:
2138:
1871:
1765:
982:
970:
772:
686:
668:
557:, unusual in that most species are blood-suckers and several are important disease vectors
368:
357:
1725:
1660:
1588:
1534:
1466:
1414:
1044:
803:
and are accordingly popular in regions where people regard their hunting as beneficial.
679:"rostrum". Most species are bright in colour with hues of brown, black, red, or orange.
3709:
3696:
3485:
3243:
3125:
2888:
2859:
2661:
2570:
2555:
2426:
2413:
2320:
2291:
2171:
2075:
1959:
1918:
1685:
1644:
1607:
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1254:
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1028:
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808:
380:
254:
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3533:
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3352:
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3274:
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3214:
3099:
3084:
2982:
2731:
2716:
2708:
2442:
2365:
2357:
2267:
2143:
2080:
2045:
2006:
1993:
1928:
1908:
1741:
1356:
1193:
1178:
1095:
987:
978:
319:
271:
70:
1299:
1221:
1133:
3610:
3454:
3305:
3130:
3089:
3051:
3034:
3020:
3008:
2961:
2953:
2799:
2786:
2752:
2560:
2527:
2473:
2349:
2312:
2275:
2230:
2055:
1980:
1972:
1883:
1855:
1094:
Aldrich, Jeffrey R.; Chauhan, Kamlesh R.; Zhang, Aijun; Zarbin, Paulo H.G. (2013).
816:
705:
701:
450:
311:
275:
266:
208:
3623:
1733:
1474:
1287:
3662:
1597:
1053:
3779:
3735:
3590:
3529:
3472:
3383:
3318:
3300:
3282:
3251:
3079:
2880:
2628:
2520:
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2463:
2373:
2304:
2296:
2259:
2128:
2123:
2065:
2037:
2020:
1542:
1397:
Bulbert, Matthew W; Herberstein, Marie
Elisabeth; Gerasimos, Cassis (Mar 2014).
1170:
993:
951:
934:
930:
908:
599:
554:
515:
506:
376:
353:
323:
238:
198:
45:
1631:
1571:
Crandall, Keith A; Hwang, Wei Song; Weirauch, Christiane (September 28, 2012).
1355:
Sahayaraj, Kitherin; Kanna, Ayyachamy Vinoth; Kumar, Subramanian Muthu (2010).
3416:
3375:
3357:
3043:
2940:
2932:
2896:
2813:
2455:
2328:
2246:
2133:
2118:
2113:
2090:
1998:
1985:
1923:
1913:
1892:
1770:
1423:
1398:
1027:
Hwang, Wei Song; Weirauch, Christiane (2012-09-28). Crandall, Keith A. (ed.).
974:
786:
776:
761:
697:
660:
530:
464:
457:
408:
303:
291:
283:
90:
55:
3581:
1676:
1116:
1062:
3683:
3436:
3396:
3388:
3328:
3313:
3287:
3185:
3059:
2838:
2830:
2794:
2645:
2496:
2488:
2434:
2333:
2220:
2050:
1843:
1831:
1812:
1780:
812:
796:
582:
443:
384:
379:, with a few species from South America noted for their ability to transmit
360:
188:
168:
148:
95:
17:
1694:
1668:
1616:
1550:
1482:
1432:
1272:
1157:(Hemiptera: Reduviidae): life history and description of immature stages".
1125:
1080:
704:. Sound is made by rasping the proboscis against ridges in this groove or
422:
3644:
3575:
3501:
3444:
3344:
3336:
3256:
3193:
3154:
3067:
2974:
2851:
2778:
2666:
2653:
2405:
2397:
2283:
2191:
2183:
2098:
2085:
2070:
2060:
1849:
1645:"Debris-carrying camouflage among diverse lineages of Cretaceous insects"
1526:
1213:
966:
913:
903:
836:
765:
539:
492:
485:
471:
427:
413:
307:
262:
85:
80:
65:
60:
50:
3449:
3411:
3112:
3104:
2987:
2867:
2108:
800:
544:
478:
364:
100:
75:
3740:
3649:
1954:
1938:
1837:
1825:
754:
750:
565:
178:
158:
3727:
3552:
3688:
768:, and they catch and hold their prey in a similar way to mantises.
3836:
3525:
2204:
1330:
Weaving, Alan; Picker, Mike; Griffiths, Charles
Llewellyn (2003).
950:
933:
Central and South
American species transmit the potentially fatal
737:
729:
715:
690:
659:
499:
434:
418:
1758:
1288:"Assassin Bugs, Kissing Bugs and Others (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)"
3556:
2517:
2168:
1868:
1784:
785:
present one good example of this behaviour where they occur in
593:
1096:"Exocrine Secretions of Wheel Bugs (Heteroptera: Reduviidae:
749:
Predatory
Reduviidae use the long rostrum to inject a lethal
3675:
1775:
1399:"Assassin bug requires dangerous ant prey to bite first"
764:
in particular, have forelegs that resemble those of the
522:, some subfamilies have their own common names such as:
363:(true bugs). Among the Hemiptera and together with the
2352:(cottony cushion scales, giant coccids, ground pearls)
1159:
3532:. Heteroptera with Coleorrhyncha were referred to as
1192:
Fitzsimmons, Jay M.; Fitzsimmons, Lauren P. (2010).
3565:
3484:
3374:
3327:
3213:
3184:
3175:
3042:
3033:
3007:
2973:
2952:
2931:
2908:
2879:
2850:
2829:
2812:
2769:
2730:
2699:
2678:
2644:
2627:
2597:
2588:
2546:
2454:
2425:
2229:
2203:
2182:
2036:
2019:
1971:
1937:
1891:
1882:
1286:Ribes, Eva; Goula, Marta; JeremÍas, Xavier (2008).
819:eat ants. A spectacular example of the latter is
3141:(assassin bugs, wheel bugs, thread-legged bugs)
1759:Reduviidae Systematics Research at UC Riverside
569:, including the common North American species
1796:
1365:Journal of the Entomological Research Society
734:A reduviid camouflaged with debris, Australia
8:
1632:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0045523
907:species and other members of the subfamily
700:, where it can be used to produce sound by
628:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
3553:
3181:
3039:
3004:
2826:
2766:
2641:
2594:
2543:
2539:
2514:
2179:
2165:
2033:
1888:
1879:
1865:
1803:
1789:
1781:
1194:"Pre-copulatory behavior of the wheel bug
514:While members of most subfamilies have no
111:
31:
1684:
1606:
1596:
1422:
1115:
1070:
1052:
648:Learn how and when to remove this message
789:in India. Another well-known species is
681:
1019:
1776:Reduviidae at the Encyclopedia of Life
1332:Field Guide to Insects of South Africa
1519:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
943:The Emesinae live among spider webs.
417:. That name, in turn, comes from the
7:
3875:Taxa named by Pierre André Latreille
3842:C2738789-7719-EC1A-6D3C-FD25FD9857C1
3803:4330e783-5a90-4552-8427-e0bf56a027c3
3715:42972791-7a68-421a-9b5e-37fd7530bbc0
3295:(jewel bugs or metallic shield bugs)
626:adding citations to reliable sources
3107:(plant bugs, leaf bugs, grass bugs)
3054:(minute pirate bugs or flower bugs)
2711:(marsh treaders or water measurers)
1100:spp.): Clarification and Chemistry"
367:almost all species are terrestrial
1361:(Servile) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)"
1255:10.1016/B978-0-12-385863-4.00008-3
947:Phylogeny and evolutionary history
834:showed some insecticidal activity
553:(or cone-headed bugs) – subfamily
25:
3246:(giant shield bugs and relatives)
2001:(typical treehoppers, thorn bugs)
1294:. Springer Netherlands: 311–319.
1556:
1488:
1438:
1382:
1104:Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C
598:
135:
3439:(milkweed bugs, true seed bugs)
3347:(squash bugs, leaf-footed bugs)
2614:(unique-headed bugs, gnat bugs)
1771:Video of Reduviid from Thailand
1708:Poinar, George (January 2019).
1334:. New Holland Publishers, Ltd.
1300:10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_10368
2870:(water scorpions, needle bugs)
1:
1734:10.1016/j.cretres.2018.09.004
1475:10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.06.001
1598:10.1371/journal.pone.0045523
1504:"PAHO | Chagas disease"
1054:10.1371/journal.pone.0045523
3496:(red bugs, cotton stainers)
1543:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.05.039
1171:10.4289/0013-8797.123.3.551
992:belonging to the subfamily
3891:
1292:Encyclopedia of Entomology
843:The saliva of the species
673:Southeastern United States
3517:
3003:
2765:
2542:
2538:
2513:
2323:(pupillarial palm scales)
2178:
2164:
1878:
1864:
1820:
1424:10.1016/j.cub.2014.02.006
879:) and the Gram-positive (
775:, some species cover and
236:
231:
132:Scientific classification
130:
119:
110:
34:
1243:Advances in Parasitology
1198:(Hemiptera: Reduviidae)"
1117:10.1515/znc-2013-11-1211
2437:(woolly conifer aphids)
352:family of the suborder
3360:(scentless plant bugs)
2360:(Mediterranean scales)
1669:10.1126/sciadv.1501918
961:
920:Panstrongylus megistus
882:Streptococcus pyogenes
876:Salmonella typhimurium
864:Pseudomonas aeruginosa
746:
735:
727:
693:
675:
542:, including the genus
3824:Paleobiology Database
3504:(bordered plant bugs)
3277:(includes ebony bugs)
2943:(creeping water bugs)
1359:Catamirus brevipennis
954:
852:Catamirus brevipennis
846:Rhynocoris marginatus
831:Rhynocoris marginatus
782:Acanthaspis pedestris
741:
733:
726:) feeding on a beetle
720:Orange assassin bug (
719:
685:
663:
3870:Heteroptera families
3710:Fauna Europaea (new)
3475:(ash-grey leaf bugs)
3467:(atypical seed bugs)
3133:(old world bat bugs)
3062:(bed bugs, bat bugs)
2990:(pygmy backswimmers)
2899:(velvety shore bugs)
2491:(jumping plant lice)
1214:10.3157/021.121.0314
926:Paratriatoma hirsuta
622:improve this section
407:is derived from the
387:(sometimes called a
123:Rhynocoris iracundus
3339:(broad-headed bugs)
2690:(velvet water bugs)
2278:(ornate pit scales)
1726:2019CrRes..93...90P
1714:Cretaceous Research
1661:2016SciA....2E1918W
1589:2012PLoSO...745523H
1535:2009MolPE..53..287W
1467:2011Txcn...58..415S
1415:2014CBio...24.R220B
1045:2012PLoSO...745523H
899:Eratyrus mucronatus
817:feather-legged bugs
805:Reduvius personatus
792:Reduvius personatus
755:extraoral digestion
578:Grass assassin bugs
2862:(giant water bugs)
2789:(spiny shore bugs)
2722:Paraphrynoveliidae
2635:(semiaquatic bugs)
2590:Enicocephalomorpha
2384:(phenacoleachiids)
2382:Phenacoleachiidae
2344:(false pit scales)
2342:Lecanodiaspididae
1764:2022-11-29 at the
1202:Entomological News
1110:(11–12): 522–526.
962:
895:Triatoma dimidiata
891:Cavernicola pilosa
747:
736:
728:
723:Gminatus australis
694:
676:
536:Thread-legged bugs
3852:
3851:
3811:Open Tree of Life
3559:Taxon identifiers
3550:
3549:
3546:
3545:
3542:
3541:
3537:
3513:
3512:
3505:
3497:
3476:
3468:
3465:Rhyparochromidae
3440:
3392:
3361:
3348:
3340:
3309:
3296:
3278:
3260:
3247:
3239:
3236:Acanthosomatidae
3223:
3205:
3197:
3171:
3170:
3158:
3150:
3149:(royal palm bugs)
3147:Thaumastocoridae
3142:
3134:
3116:
3108:
3075:
3063:
3055:
3029:
3028:
2999:
2998:
2991:
2965:
2944:
2900:
2892:
2871:
2863:
2842:
2822:
2820:(true water bugs)
2808:
2807:
2790:
2782:
2761:
2760:
2740:
2712:
2691:
2670:
2657:
2637:
2623:
2622:
2615:
2584:
2583:
2533:
2509:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2492:
2446:
2438:
2417:
2409:
2408:(giant mealybugs)
2401:
2393:
2390:Phoenicococcidae
2385:
2377:
2369:
2361:
2353:
2345:
2337:
2324:
2316:
2308:
2300:
2287:
2279:
2271:
2263:
2255:
2252:Asterolecaniidae
2239:
2213:
2195:
2160:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2104:Hypochthonellidae
2094:
2029:
2015:
2014:
2002:
1989:
1963:
1947:
1901:
1309:978-1-4020-6242-1
981:, represented by
822:Ptilocnemus lemur
658:
657:
650:
375:in the subfamily
342:
341:
328:Tribelocephalinae
227:
41:Cenomanian–Recent
27:Family of insects
16:(Redirected from
3882:
3845:
3844:
3832:
3831:
3819:
3818:
3806:
3805:
3796:
3795:
3783:
3782:
3780:NBNSYS0000160876
3770:
3769:
3757:
3756:
3744:
3743:
3731:
3730:
3718:
3717:
3705:
3704:
3692:
3691:
3679:
3678:
3666:
3665:
3653:
3652:
3640:
3639:
3627:
3626:
3614:
3613:
3601:
3600:
3599:
3586:
3585:
3584:
3554:
3524:are a different
3519:
3503:
3495:
3474:
3466:
3438:
3407:Cryptorhamphidae
3402:Colobathristidae
3390:
3359:
3346:
3338:
3307:
3294:
3276:
3259:(burrowing bugs)
3258:
3245:
3237:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3203:
3202:Termitaphididae
3195:
3182:
3156:
3148:
3140:
3132:
3114:
3106:
3072:Curalium cronini
3069:
3061:
3053:
3040:
3013:
3005:
2989:
2963:
2942:
2910:Aphelocheiroidea
2898:
2890:
2869:
2861:
2840:
2827:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2788:
2780:
2767:
2741:
2739:
2738:(water treaders)
2736:
2710:
2689:
2668:
2656:(water striders)
2655:
2642:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2613:
2612:Enicocephalidae
2607:Aenictopecheidae
2599:Enicocephaloidea
2595:
2544:
2540:
2532:
2526:
2523:
2515:
2490:
2444:
2436:
2415:
2407:
2399:
2391:
2383:
2375:
2367:
2359:
2351:
2343:
2335:
2322:
2314:
2307:(armored scales)
2306:
2298:
2285:
2277:
2269:
2261:
2253:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2193:
2180:
2166:
2092:
2034:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2000:
1987:
1961:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1889:
1880:
1866:
1805:
1798:
1791:
1782:
1746:
1745:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1688:
1649:Science Advances
1640:
1634:
1627:
1621:
1620:
1610:
1600:
1568:
1562:
1561:
1560:
1554:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1492:
1486:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1442:
1436:
1426:
1409:(6): R220–R221.
1394:
1388:
1387:
1386:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1238:
1232:
1231:
1229:
1228:
1189:
1183:
1182:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1140:
1119:
1091:
1085:
1084:
1074:
1056:
1024:
1007:Arilus cristatus
957:Arilus cristatus
870:Proteus vulgaris
858:Escherichia coli
653:
646:
642:
639:
633:
602:
594:
572:Arilus cristatus
369:ambush predators
300:Pseudocetherinae
243:Centrocnemidinae
222:
140:
139:
126:) with bee prey
115:
105:
42:
38:Temporal range:
32:
21:
3890:
3889:
3885:
3884:
3883:
3881:
3880:
3879:
3855:
3854:
3853:
3848:
3840:
3835:
3827:
3822:
3814:
3809:
3801:
3799:
3791:
3786:
3778:
3773:
3765:
3760:
3752:
3747:
3739:
3734:
3726:
3721:
3713:
3708:
3700:
3695:
3687:
3682:
3674:
3669:
3661:
3656:
3648:
3643:
3635:
3630:
3622:
3617:
3609:
3604:
3595:
3594:
3589:
3580:
3579:
3574:
3561:
3551:
3538:
3509:
3480:
3460:Pachygronthidae
3427:Heterogastridae
3370:
3366:Stenocephalidae
3323:
3270:Parastrachiidae
3265:Thaumastellidae
3244:Tessaratomidae
3220:
3218:
3217:
3209:
3177:Pentatomomorpha
3167:
3025:
3012:(Coleorrhyncha)
3011:
3010:
3009:Peloridiomorpha
2995:
2969:
2948:
2927:
2918:Aphelocheiridae
2904:
2889:Gelastocoridae
2875:
2860:Belostomatidae
2846:
2841:(water boatmen)
2819:
2817:
2816:
2804:
2771:Leptopodomorpha
2757:
2737:
2735:
2734:
2726:
2695:
2674:
2634:
2632:
2631:
2619:
2580:
2576:Stemmocryptidae
2566:Hypsipterygidae
2548:Dipsocoromorpha
2534:
2530:
2524:
2501:
2484:Phacopteronidae
2450:
2421:
2416:(stictococcids)
2414:Stictococcidae
2398:Pseudococcidae
2376:(ensign scales)
2321:Halimococcidae
2237:(scale insects)
2236:
2234:
2233:
2225:
2210:
2208:
2207:
2199:
2174:
2148:
2139:Tettigometridae
2026:
2024:
2023:
2011:
1967:
1962:(hairy cicadas)
1960:Tettigarctidae
1944:
1942:
1941:
1933:
1898:
1896:
1895:
1874:
1872:Auchenorrhyncha
1860:
1816:
1809:
1766:Wayback Machine
1755:
1750:
1749:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1655:(6): e1501918.
1642:
1641:
1637:
1628:
1624:
1570:
1569:
1565:
1555:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1487:
1452:
1451:
1447:
1437:
1403:Current Biology
1396:
1395:
1391:
1381:
1374:
1372:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1342:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1265:
1240:
1239:
1235:
1226:
1224:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1138:
1136:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1016:
1002:
1000:Example species
971:Late Cretaceous
949:
714:
654:
643:
637:
634:
619:
603:
592:
512:
397:
336:Visayanocorinae
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
269:(=Hammacerinae)
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
221:
134:
106:
104:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
40:
39:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3888:
3886:
3878:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3857:
3856:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3846:
3833:
3820:
3807:
3797:
3784:
3771:
3758:
3745:
3732:
3719:
3706:
3697:Fauna Europaea
3693:
3680:
3667:
3654:
3641:
3628:
3615:
3602:
3587:
3571:
3569:
3563:
3562:
3557:
3548:
3547:
3544:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3518:
3515:
3514:
3511:
3510:
3508:
3507:
3499:
3494:Pyrrhocoridae
3490:
3488:
3486:Pyrrhocoroidea
3482:
3481:
3479:
3478:
3470:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3386:
3380:
3378:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3368:
3363:
3355:
3350:
3342:
3333:
3331:
3325:
3324:
3322:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3303:
3298:
3293:Scutelleridae
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:Thyreocoridae
3272:
3267:
3262:
3254:
3249:
3241:
3233:
3227:
3225:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3207:
3204:(termite bugs)
3199:
3190:
3188:
3179:
3173:
3172:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3165:
3160:
3152:
3144:
3136:
3128:
3126:Plokiophilidae
3123:
3118:
3110:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3065:
3057:
3048:
3046:
3037:
3031:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3023:
3017:
3015:
3001:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2985:
2979:
2977:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2967:
2964:(backswimmers)
2958:
2956:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2946:
2937:
2935:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2925:
2920:
2914:
2912:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2902:
2894:
2885:
2883:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2873:
2865:
2856:
2854:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2835:
2833:
2824:
2810:
2809:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2784:
2775:
2773:
2763:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2750:
2744:
2742:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:Hydrometridae
2705:
2703:
2701:Hydrometroidea
2697:
2696:
2694:
2693:
2684:
2682:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2672:
2664:
2662:Hermatobatidae
2659:
2650:
2648:
2639:
2625:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2609:
2603:
2601:
2592:
2586:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2578:
2573:
2571:Schizopteridae
2568:
2563:
2558:
2556:Ceratocombidae
2552:
2550:
2536:
2535:
2518:
2511:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2499:
2494:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2460:
2458:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2448:
2445:(phylloxerans)
2443:Phylloxeridae
2440:
2431:
2429:
2427:Phylloxeroidea
2423:
2422:
2420:
2419:
2411:
2403:
2395:
2387:
2379:
2371:
2368:(giant scales)
2366:Monophlebidae
2363:
2358:Micrococcidae
2355:
2347:
2339:
2331:
2326:
2318:
2310:
2302:
2297:Dactylopiidae
2294:
2292:Conchaspididae
2289:
2281:
2273:
2270:(carayonemids)
2268:Carayonemidae
2265:
2257:
2249:
2243:
2241:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2223:
2217:
2215:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2197:
2188:
2186:
2176:
2175:
2172:Sternorrhyncha
2169:
2162:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2093:(lanternflies)
2088:
2083:
2078:
2076:Dictyopharidae
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2042:
2040:
2031:
2027:(planthoppers)
2017:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2009:
2004:
1996:
1991:
1983:
1977:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1965:
1957:
1951:
1949:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1919:Clastopteridae
1916:
1911:
1905:
1903:
1886:
1876:
1875:
1869:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1858:
1852:
1846:
1840:
1834:
1828:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1810:
1808:
1807:
1800:
1793:
1785:
1779:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1754:
1753:External links
1751:
1748:
1747:
1700:
1635:
1622:
1563:
1509:
1495:
1461:(5): 415–425.
1445:
1389:
1347:
1340:
1322:
1308:
1278:
1263:
1233:
1208:(3): 304–307.
1184:
1165:(3): 551–563.
1145:
1086:
1018:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1010:
1001:
998:
985:and the genus
948:
945:
938:Chagas disease
931:haematophagous
809:Ectrichodiinae
766:praying mantis
713:
710:
656:
655:
638:September 2018
606:
604:
597:
591:
588:
587:
586:
575:
558:
548:
533:
511:
510:
503:
496:
489:
482:
475:
468:
461:
454:
447:
439:
396:
393:
381:Chagas disease
340:
339:
316:Sphaeridopinae
280:Manangocorinae
255:Ectrichodiinae
234:
233:
229:
228:
216:
212:
211:
206:
202:
201:
196:
192:
191:
186:
182:
181:
176:
172:
171:
166:
162:
161:
156:
152:
151:
146:
142:
141:
128:
127:
120:Assassin bug (
117:
116:
108:
107:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
43:
37:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3887:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3843:
3838:
3834:
3830:
3825:
3821:
3817:
3812:
3808:
3804:
3798:
3794:
3789:
3785:
3781:
3776:
3772:
3768:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3750:
3746:
3742:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3724:
3720:
3716:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3672:
3668:
3664:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3633:
3629:
3625:
3620:
3616:
3612:
3607:
3603:
3598:
3592:
3588:
3583:
3577:
3573:
3572:
3570:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3555:
3535:
3534:Prosorrhyncha
3531:
3527:
3523:
3522:Coleorrhyncha
3516:
3506:
3500:
3498:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3487:
3483:
3477:
3471:
3469:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3422:Henicocoridae
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3377:
3373:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3356:
3354:
3353:Hyocephalidae
3351:
3349:
3343:
3341:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3330:
3326:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3306:Pentatomidae
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3242:
3240:
3238:(shield bugs)
3234:
3232:
3231:Urostylididae
3229:
3228:
3226:
3221:(shield bugs)
3216:
3215:Pentatomoidea
3212:
3206:
3200:
3198:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3187:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3174:
3164:
3163:Velocipedidae
3161:
3159:
3153:
3151:
3145:
3143:
3137:
3135:
3131:Polyctenidae
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3115:(damsel bugs)
3111:
3109:
3103:
3101:
3100:Microphysidae
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3085:Lasiochilidae
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3066:
3064:
3058:
3056:
3052:Anthocoridae
3050:
3049:
3047:
3045:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3032:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3014:
3006:
3002:
2992:
2986:
2984:
2983:Helotrephidae
2981:
2980:
2978:
2976:
2972:
2966:
2962:Notonectidae
2960:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2954:Notonectoidea
2951:
2945:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2930:
2924:
2923:Potamocoridae
2921:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2911:
2907:
2901:
2895:
2893:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2882:
2878:
2872:
2866:
2864:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2849:
2843:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2832:
2828:
2825:
2815:
2811:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2787:Leptopodidae
2785:
2783:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2748:Madeoveliidae
2746:
2745:
2743:
2733:
2732:Mesovelioidea
2729:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2717:Macroveliidae
2715:
2713:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2698:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2677:
2671:
2669:(riffle bugs)
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2643:
2640:
2630:
2626:
2616:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2587:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2529:
2528:Coleorrhyncha
2522:
2516:
2512:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2453:
2447:
2441:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2424:
2418:
2412:
2410:
2404:
2402:
2396:
2394:
2392:(palm scales)
2388:
2386:
2380:
2378:
2372:
2370:
2364:
2362:
2356:
2354:
2350:Margarodidae
2348:
2346:
2340:
2338:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2319:
2317:
2315:(felt scales)
2313:Eriococcidae
2311:
2309:
2303:
2301:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2286:(soft scales)
2282:
2280:
2276:Cerococcidae
2274:
2272:
2266:
2264:
2258:
2256:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2232:
2228:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2206:
2202:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2167:
2163:
2145:
2144:Tropiduchidae
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2081:Eurybrachidae
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2046:Acanaloniidae
2044:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2032:
2022:
2021:Fulgoromorpha
2018:
2008:
2007:Myerslopiidae
2005:
2003:
1997:
1995:
1994:Melizoderidae
1992:
1990:
1988:(leafhoppers)
1986:Cicadellidae
1984:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1976:
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1970:
1964:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1940:
1936:
1930:
1929:Machaerotidae
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1909:Aphrophoridae
1907:
1906:
1904:
1899:(froghoppers)
1894:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1867:
1863:
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1599:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1583:(9): e45523.
1582:
1578:
1574:
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1564:
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1552:
1548:
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1393:
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1370:
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1341:1-86872-713-0
1337:
1333:
1326:
1323:
1311:
1305:
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1289:
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1279:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1264:9780123858634
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1237:
1234:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1197:
1196:Arilus gallus
1188:
1185:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1155:Arilus gallus
1149:
1146:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1099:
1090:
1087:
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1078:
1073:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1039:(9): e45523.
1038:
1034:
1030:
1023:
1020:
1013:
1009:
1008:
1004:
1003:
999:
997:
995:
991:
989:
988:Paleotriatoma
984:
980:
979:Burmese amber
976:
972:
968:
959:
958:
953:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
932:
928:
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886:
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826:
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674:
670:
667:
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631:
627:
623:
617:
616:
612:
607:This section
605:
601:
596:
595:
589:
585:
584:
579:
576:
574:
573:
568:
567:
562:
559:
556:
552:
549:
547:
546:
541:
537:
534:
532:
528:
525:
524:
523:
521:
520:assassin bugs
517:
509:
508:
504:
502:
501:
497:
495:
494:
490:
488:
487:
483:
481:
480:
476:
474:
473:
469:
467:
466:
462:
460:
459:
455:
453:
452:
448:
446:
445:
441:
440:
438:
436:
431:
429:
425:
424:
420:
416:
415:
410:
406:
401:
394:
392:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
373:ectoparasites
370:
366:
362:
359:
355:
351:
347:
338:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
320:Stenopodainae
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
288:Phimophorinae
285:
281:
277:
273:
272:Harpactorinae
268:
264:
260:
259:Elasmodeminae
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
235:
230:
225:
220:
217:
214:
213:
210:
207:
204:
203:
200:
197:
194:
193:
190:
187:
184:
183:
180:
177:
174:
173:
170:
167:
164:
163:
160:
157:
154:
153:
150:
147:
144:
143:
138:
133:
129:
125:
124:
118:
114:
109:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
33:
30:
19:
3566:
3473:Piesmatidae
3455:Oxycarenidae
3432:Idiostolidae
3391:(stilt bugs)
3308:(stink bugs)
3138:
3121:Pachynomidae
3095:Medocostidae
3090:Lyctocoridae
3071:
3035:Cimicomorpha
3021:Peloridiidae
2800:Aepophilidae
2781:(shore bugs)
2753:Mesoveliidae
2561:Dipsocoridae
2474:Carsidaridae
2374:Ortheziidae
2336:(lac scales)
2305:Diaspididae
2299:(cochineals)
2262:(beesoniids)
2260:Beesoniidae
2254:(pit scales)
2194:(whiteflies)
2192:Aleyrodidae
2184:Aleyrodoidea
2056:Achilixiidae
1999:Membracidae
1981:Aetalionidae
1973:Membracoidea
1884:Cicadomorpha
1856:Paraneoptera
1854:Superorder:
1848:Infraclass:
1717:
1713:
1703:
1652:
1648:
1638:
1625:
1580:
1576:
1566:
1522:
1518:
1512:
1498:
1458:
1454:
1448:
1406:
1402:
1392:
1373:. Retrieved
1368:
1364:
1358:
1350:
1331:
1325:
1313:. Retrieved
1291:
1281:
1246:
1242:
1236:
1225:. Retrieved
1205:
1201:
1195:
1187:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1148:
1137:. Retrieved
1107:
1103:
1097:
1089:
1036:
1032:
1022:
1005:
986:
963:
955:
942:
935:trypanosomal
924:
918:
912:
902:
898:
894:
890:
887:
880:
874:
868:
862:
856:
850:
844:
842:
835:
829:
827:
820:
804:
790:
780:
770:
759:
748:
742:
721:
706:stridulitrum
702:stridulation
695:
677:
665:
644:
635:
620:Please help
608:
581:
577:
570:
564:
560:
551:Kissing bugs
550:
543:
538:– subfamily
535:
529:– subfamily
526:
519:
516:common names
513:
505:
498:
491:
484:
477:
470:
463:
456:
451:Melanolestes
449:
442:
432:
421:
412:
404:
402:
398:
350:cosmopolitan
345:
343:
312:Salyavatinae
296:Physoderinae
276:Holoptilinae
267:Microtominae
237:
232:Subfamilies
218:
209:Cimicomorpha
205:Infraorder:
121:
29:
18:Assassin bug
3736:iNaturalist
3591:Wikispecies
3530:Heteroptera
3384:Artheneidae
3358:Rhopalidae
3319:Megarididae
3301:Plataspidae
3283:Lestoniidae
3252:Dinidoridae
3196:(flat bugs)
3157:(lace bugs)
3139:Reduviidae
3080:Joppeicidae
3068:Curaliidae
2941:Naucoridae
2933:Naucoroidea
2897:Ochteridae
2891:(toad bugs)
2881:Ochteroidea
2629:Gerromorpha
2521:Heteroptera
2479:Homotomidae
2469:Calophyidae
2464:Aphalaridae
2400:(mealybugs)
2129:Nogodinidae
2124:Meenoplidae
2091:Fulgoridae
2066:Delphacidae
2038:Fulgoroidea
1893:Cercopoidea
1529:: 287–299.
1375:14 December
1249:: 169–192.
994:Triatominae
909:Triatominae
849:(Fab.) and
797:cockroaches
689:, found in
555:Triatominae
527:Ambush bugs
518:other than
426:, meaning "
377:Triatominae
354:Heteroptera
348:is a large
324:Triatominae
239:Bactrodinae
199:Heteroptera
3865:Reduviidae
3859:Categories
3624:REDUVIIDAE
3611:Reduviidae
3597:Reduviidae
3567:Reduviidae
3437:Lygaeidae
3417:Geocoridae
3389:Berytidae
3376:Lygaeoidea
3060:Cimicidae
3044:Cimicoidea
2839:Corixidae
2831:Corixoidea
2814:Nepomorpha
2489:Psyllidae
2456:Psylloidea
2435:Adelgidae
2334:Kerriidae
2329:Kermesidae
2247:Aclerdidae
2205:Aphidoidea
2134:Ricaniidae
2119:Lophopidae
2114:Kinnaridae
1939:Cicadoidea
1924:Epipygidae
1914:Cercopidae
1842:Subclass:
1832:Arthropoda
1371:(2): 37–50
1227:2022-02-01
1139:2022-02-01
1014:References
975:Cenomanian
911:, such as
813:millipedes
787:Tamil Nadu
777:camouflage
762:Phymatinae
743:Rhynocoris
698:prosternum
590:Morphology
561:Wheel bugs
531:Phymatinae
465:Pselliopus
458:Platymeris
409:type genus
405:Reduviidae
346:Reduviidae
304:Reduviinae
292:Phymatinae
284:Peiratinae
247:Cetherinae
219:Reduviidae
195:Suborder:
169:Arthropoda
35:Reduviidae
3502:Largidae
3397:Blissidae
3345:Coreidae
3337:Alydidae
3329:Coreoidea
3314:Canopidae
3288:Phloeidae
3257:Cydnidae
3194:Aradidae
3186:Aradoidea
3155:Tingidae
2795:Omaniidae
2779:Saldidae
2688:Hebridae
2680:Hebroidea
2667:Veliidae
2654:Gerridae
2646:Gerroidea
2519:Suborder
2497:Triozidae
2406:Putoidae
2284:Coccidae
2231:Coccoidea
2221:Aphididae
2170:Suborder
2051:Achilidae
1955:Cicadidae
1945:(cicadas)
1870:Suborder
1844:Pterygota
1824:Kingdom:
1813:Hemiptera
1742:134969065
1720:: 90–97.
1677:2375-2548
1179:240074895
1063:1932-6203
917:species,
671:from the
609:does not
583:Lopodytes
444:Lopodytes
437:include:
403:The name
385:proboscis
361:Hemiptera
332:Vesciinae
251:Chryxinae
224:Latreille
189:Hemiptera
155:Kingdom:
149:Eukaryota
3645:BugGuide
3576:Wikidata
3445:Malcidae
3113:Nabidae
3105:Miridae
2988:Pleidae
2975:Pleoidea
2868:Nepidae
2852:Nepoidea
2211:(aphids)
2099:Gengidae
2086:Flatidae
2071:Derbidae
2061:Cixiidae
1850:Neoptera
1830:Phylum:
1826:Animalia
1815:families
1762:Archived
1695:27386568
1617:23029072
1577:PLOS ONE
1551:19531379
1527:Elsevier
1483:21787800
1433:24650903
1273:21820556
1222:86624882
1134:30698712
1126:24601090
1081:23029072
1033:PLOS ONE
967:Emesinae
960:egg mass
914:Rhodnius
904:Triatoma
837:in vitro
580:– genus
563:– genus
540:Emesinae
493:Rhiginia
486:Reduvius
472:Psyttala
428:hangnail
414:Reduvius
395:Taxonomy
308:Saicinae
263:Emesinae
215:Family:
165:Phylum:
159:Animalia
145:Domain:
3582:Q768510
3450:Ninidae
3412:Cymidae
2109:Issidae
1838:Insecta
1836:Class:
1811:Extant
1722:Bibcode
1686:4928993
1657:Bibcode
1608:3460966
1585:Bibcode
1531:Bibcode
1463:Bibcode
1455:Toxicon
1411:Bibcode
1072:3460966
1041:Bibcode
977:) aged
801:bedbugs
712:Feeding
630:removed
615:sources
545:Emesaya
479:Rasahus
433:Common
423:reduvia
389:rostrum
365:Nabidae
356:of the
185:Order:
179:Insecta
175:Class:
3829:193775
3816:672501
3800:NZOR:
3767:107202
3754:104671
3689:1REDUF
3520:Note:
1740:
1693:
1683:
1675:
1615:
1605:
1549:
1481:
1431:
1338:
1306:
1271:
1261:
1220:
1177:
1132:
1124:
1098:Arilus
1079:
1069:
1061:
983:nymphs
923:, and
873:, and
815:, and
773:nymphs
751:saliva
566:Arilus
435:genera
226:, 1807
3837:Plazi
3793:27479
3749:IRMNG
3741:48959
3702:12836
3528:from
3526:clade
2525:(with
1738:S2CID
1525:(1).
1315:5 May
1218:S2CID
1175:S2CID
1130:S2CID
691:Nepal
687:Nymph
669:nymph
666:Zelus
507:Zelus
500:Sinea
419:Latin
358:order
3788:NCBI
3762:ITIS
3728:4324
3723:GBIF
3684:EPPO
3637:1221
3632:BOLD
1691:PMID
1673:ISSN
1613:PMID
1547:PMID
1479:PMID
1429:PMID
1377:2012
1336:ISBN
1317:2024
1304:ISBN
1269:PMID
1259:ISBN
1122:PMID
1077:PMID
1059:ISSN
897:and
811:eat
613:any
611:cite
344:The
46:PreꞒ
3775:NBN
3676:632
3671:EoL
3663:FKV
3658:CoL
3650:166
3619:AFD
3606:ADW
1730:doi
1681:PMC
1665:doi
1603:PMC
1593:doi
1539:doi
1471:doi
1419:doi
1296:doi
1251:doi
1210:doi
1206:121
1167:doi
1163:123
1112:doi
1067:PMC
1049:doi
885:).
799:or
771:As
624:by
3861::
3839::
3826::
3813::
3790::
3777::
3764::
3751::
3738::
3725::
3712::
3699::
3686::
3673::
3660::
3647::
3634::
3621::
3608::
3593::
3578::
1736:.
1728:.
1718:93
1716:.
1712:.
1689:.
1679:.
1671:.
1663:.
1651:.
1647:.
1611:.
1601:.
1591:.
1579:.
1575:.
1545:.
1537:.
1523:53
1521:.
1477:.
1469:.
1459:58
1457:.
1427:.
1417:.
1407:24
1405:.
1401:.
1369:12
1367:.
1363:.
1302:.
1290:.
1267:.
1257:.
1247:75
1245:.
1216:.
1204:.
1200:.
1173:.
1161:.
1128:.
1120:.
1108:68
1106:.
1102:.
1075:.
1065:.
1057:.
1047:.
1035:.
1031:.
996:.
901:.
893:,
867:,
861:,
664:A
411:,
96:Pg
3536:.
3074:)
3070:(
2531:)
1804:e
1797:t
1790:v
1744:.
1732::
1724::
1697:.
1667::
1659::
1653:2
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1595::
1587::
1581:7
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1541::
1533::
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1485:.
1473::
1465::
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1421::
1413::
1379:.
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1298::
1275:.
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1051::
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973:(
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101:N
91:K
86:J
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66:D
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