102:
728:
1373:
672:
1547:
1479:
1429:
720:
706:
126:
941:
589:
650:
958:. Reduviidae are monophyletic, and the "Phymatine Complex" is consistently recovered as the sister to the higher Reduviidae, which includes 90 percent of the reduviid species diversity. Reduviidae is suggested to have split from other Cimicomorphs during the Jurassic, based on molecular clock. The oldest fossils of the family are from the
667:
Adult insects range from roughly 12 to 36 mm (0.47 to 1.42 in), depending on the species. They most commonly have an elongated head with a distinct narrowed 'neck', long legs, and prominent, segmented, tubular mouthparts, most commonly called the proboscis, but some authors use the term
697:(stridulatory organ). These sounds are often used to discourage predators. When harassed, many species can deliver a painful stab with the proboscis, injecting venom or digestive juices. The effects can be intensely painful and the injection from some species may be medically significant.
877:
Some species are bloodsuckers rather than predators, and they are accordingly far less welcome to humans. The blood-feeding habit is thought to have evolved from species that lived in the nests of mammalian hosts. Several species are known to live among bat roosts, including
388:
The family members are almost all predatory, except for a few blood-sucking species, some of which are important as disease vectors. About 7000 species have been described, in more than 20 recognized subfamilies, making it one of the largest families in the
Hemiptera.
953:
Current taxonomy is based on morphological characteristics. The first cladistic analysis based on molecular data (mitochondrial and nuclear ribosomal DNA) was published in 2009 and called into question the monophyly of some current groups, such as the
814:, an Australian species in which the adult attacks and eats ants, but the nymph waits until the ant bites the feathery tufts on its hind legs, upon which it whips around and pierces the ant's head with its proboscis, and proceeds to feed.
1618:
Hwang, & Weirauch, C. (2012). Evolutionary history of assassin bugs (Insecta: Hemiptera: Reduviidae): insights from divergence dating and ancestral state reconstruction. PLOS ONE, 7(9), e45523–e45523.
829:, in tests on lepidopteran pests. The effects included reduction of food consumption, assimilation, and use. Its antiaggregation factors also affected the aggregation and mobility of haemocytes.
918:, are known as kissing bugs, because they tend to bite sleeping humans in the soft tissue around the lips and eyes. A more serious problem than their bites is the fact that several of these
1506:
Weirauch, Christiane; Munro, James B. (October 2009). "Molecular phylogeny of the assassin bugs (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), based on mitochondrial and nuclear ribosomal genes".
742:
that liquefies the insides of the prey, which are then sucked out. The saliva contains enzymes that digest the tissues they swallow. This process is generally referred to as
372:. Though spectacular exceptions are known, most members of the family are fairly easily recognizable; they have a relatively narrow neck, sturdy build, and formidable curved
1442:
Kitherin, Sahayaraj; Muthukumar, S. (2011). "Zootoxic effects of reduviid
Rhynocoris marginatus (Fab.) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) venomous saliva on Spodoptera litura (Fab.)".
1230:
Stevens, Lori; Dorn, Patricia L.; Schmidt, Justin O.; Klotz, John H.; Lucero, David; Klotz, Stephen A. (1 January 2011). "Chapter 8 - Kissing Bugs. The
Vectors of Chagas".
1632:
Wang, Bo; Xia, Fangyuan; Engel, Michael S.; Perrichot, Vincent; Shi, Gongle; Zhang, Haichun; Chen, Jun; Jarzembowski, Edmund A.; Wappler, Torsten; Rust, Jes (June 2016).
3863:
796:
is an example, and some people breed them as pets and for pest control. Some assassin bug subfamilies are adapted to hunting certain types of prey; for example, the
3737:
3776:
1699:"A primitive triatomine bug, Paleotriatoma metaxytaxa gen. et sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae), in mid-Cretaceous amber from northern Myanmar"
3711:
380:). Large specimens should be handled with caution, if at all, because they sometimes defend themselves with a very painful stab from the proboscis.
749:
The legs of some
Reduviidae have areas covered in tiny hairs that aid in holding onto their prey while they feed. Others, members of the subfamily
3750:
1492:
1296:
1562:"Evolutionary History of Assassin Bugs (Insecta: Hemiptera: Reduviidae): Insights from Divergence Dating and Ancestral State Reconstruction"
1018:"Evolutionary History of Assassin Bugs (Insecta: Hemiptera: Reduviidae): Insights from Divergence Dating and Ancestral State Reconstruction"
101:
1791:
1328:
1251:
636:
734:– predatory flower assassin bug from South Africa, may bite when carelessly handled, painful aftereffects often persist for months
784:, known as the masked hunter because of its habit of camouflaging itself with dust. Some species tend to feed on pests such as
614:
3755:
844:(Servile) have been studied because of their activity against human pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria (including strains of
3858:
3763:
727:
3620:
3607:
610:
599:
125:
3690:
661:
360:; most other predatory Hemiptera are aquatic. The main examples of non-predatory Reduviidae are some blood-sucking
3781:
618:
603:
3703:
338:
212:
1142:
Laiton J., Laura A.; Giraldo-Jaramillo, Marisol; Forero, Dimitri; Benavides M., Pablo (2021). "The wheel bug
685:
The most distinctive feature of the family is that the tip of the proboscis fits into a ridged groove in the
1784:
1372:
840:
768:
themselves effectively with debris or the remains of dead prey insects. The nymphal instars of the species
3547:
1750:
1546:
1478:
1428:
914:
908:
870:
864:
852:
3812:
834:
819:
770:
671:
3625:
719:
419:" or "remnant". Possibly this name was inspired by the lateral flanges on the abdomen of many species.
316:
3830:
288:
3791:
3659:
3594:
1710:
1645:
1573:
1519:
1451:
1399:
1029:
324:
111:
2689:
304:
268:
3853:
3410:
3151:
2911:
2736:
780:
361:
276:
247:
3420:
3109:
3083:
1346:"Gross Morphology of Feeding Canal, Salivary Apparatus and Digestive Enzymes of Salivary Gland of
705:
284:
2710:
2587:
2578:
1777:
1726:
1698:
1206:
1163:
1118:
711:
120:
3817:
929:, sometimes called American trypanosomiasis. This results in the death of 12,000 people a year.
235:
320:
239:
3799:
3646:
2370:
2330:
2092:
1679:
1661:
1601:
1535:
1467:
1417:
1324:
1292:
1257:
1247:
1110:
1065:
1047:
810:
377:
3742:
817:
Some research on the nature of the venom from certain
Reduviidae is under way. The saliva of
746:. The saliva is commonly effective at killing prey substantially larger than the bug itself.
3804:
3453:
3395:
3390:
3224:
3135:
2898:
2676:
2668:
2595:
2378:
2240:
1718:
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1591:
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1527:
1459:
1407:
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1239:
1198:
1155:
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1055:
1037:
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858:
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560:
231:
3585:
3448:
3415:
3354:
3258:
3253:
3190:
3165:
2906:
2759:
2600:
2564:
2554:
2536:
2472:
2127:
1860:
1754:
971:
959:
761:
675:
657:
546:, unusual in that most species are blood-suckers and several are important disease vectors
357:
346:
1714:
1649:
1577:
1523:
1455:
1403:
1033:
792:
and are accordingly popular in regions where people regard their hunting as beneficial.
668:"rostrum". Most species are bright in colour with hues of brown, black, red, or orange.
3698:
3685:
3474:
3232:
3114:
2877:
2848:
2650:
2559:
2544:
2415:
2402:
2309:
2280:
2160:
2064:
1948:
1907:
1674:
1633:
1596:
1561:
1243:
1060:
1017:
926:
797:
369:
243:
3847:
3522:
3510:
3482:
3341:
3281:
3263:
3219:
3203:
3088:
3073:
2971:
2720:
2705:
2697:
2431:
2354:
2346:
2256:
2132:
2069:
2034:
1995:
1982:
1917:
1897:
1730:
1345:
1182:
1167:
1084:
976:
967:
308:
260:
59:
1288:
1210:
1122:
3599:
3443:
3294:
3119:
3078:
3040:
3023:
3009:
2997:
2950:
2942:
2788:
2775:
2741:
2549:
2516:
2462:
2338:
2301:
2264:
2219:
2044:
1969:
1961:
1872:
1844:
1083:
Aldrich, Jeffrey R.; Chauhan, Kamlesh R.; Zhang, Aijun; Zarbin, Paulo H.G. (2013).
805:
694:
690:
439:
300:
264:
255:
197:
3612:
1722:
1463:
1276:
3651:
1586:
1042:
3768:
3724:
3579:
3518:
3461:
3372:
3307:
3289:
3271:
3240:
3068:
2869:
2617:
2509:
2467:
2457:
2452:
2362:
2293:
2285:
2248:
2117:
2112:
2054:
2026:
2009:
1531:
1386:
Bulbert, Matthew W; Herberstein, Marie
Elisabeth; Gerasimos, Cassis (Mar 2014).
1159:
982:
940:
923:
919:
897:
588:
543:
504:
495:
365:
342:
312:
227:
187:
34:
1620:
1560:
Crandall, Keith A; Hwang, Wei Song; Weirauch, Christiane (September 28, 2012).
1344:
Sahayaraj, Kitherin; Kanna, Ayyachamy Vinoth; Kumar, Subramanian Muthu (2010).
3405:
3364:
3346:
3032:
2929:
2921:
2885:
2802:
2444:
2317:
2235:
2122:
2107:
2102:
2079:
1987:
1974:
1912:
1902:
1881:
1759:
1412:
1387:
1016:
Hwang, Wei Song; Weirauch, Christiane (2012-09-28). Crandall, Keith A. (ed.).
963:
775:
765:
750:
686:
649:
519:
453:
446:
397:
292:
280:
272:
79:
44:
3570:
1665:
1105:
1051:
3672:
3425:
3385:
3377:
3317:
3302:
3276:
3174:
3048:
2827:
2819:
2783:
2634:
2485:
2477:
2423:
2322:
2209:
2039:
1832:
1820:
1801:
1769:
801:
785:
571:
432:
373:
368:, with a few species from South America noted for their ability to transmit
349:
177:
157:
137:
84:
1683:
1657:
1605:
1539:
1471:
1421:
1261:
1146:(Hemiptera: Reduviidae): life history and description of immature stages".
1114:
1069:
693:. Sound is made by rasping the proboscis against ridges in this groove or
411:
3633:
3564:
3490:
3433:
3333:
3325:
3245:
3182:
3143:
3056:
2963:
2840:
2767:
2655:
2642:
2394:
2386:
2272:
2180:
2172:
2087:
2074:
2059:
2049:
1838:
1634:"Debris-carrying camouflage among diverse lineages of Cretaceous insects"
1515:
1202:
955:
902:
892:
825:
754:
528:
481:
474:
460:
416:
402:
296:
251:
74:
69:
54:
49:
39:
3438:
3400:
3101:
3093:
2976:
2856:
2097:
789:
533:
467:
353:
89:
64:
3729:
3638:
1943:
1927:
1826:
1814:
743:
739:
554:
167:
147:
3716:
3541:
3677:
757:, and they catch and hold their prey in a similar way to mantises.
3825:
3514:
2193:
1319:
Weaving, Alan; Picker, Mike; Griffiths, Charles
Llewellyn (2003).
939:
922:
Central and South
American species transmit the potentially fatal
726:
718:
704:
679:
648:
488:
423:
407:
1747:
1277:"Assassin Bugs, Kissing Bugs and Others (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)"
3545:
2506:
2157:
1857:
1773:
774:
present one good example of this behaviour where they occur in
582:
1085:"Exocrine Secretions of Wheel Bugs (Heteroptera: Reduviidae:
738:
Predatory
Reduviidae use the long rostrum to inject a lethal
3664:
1764:
1388:"Assassin bug requires dangerous ant prey to bite first"
753:
in particular, have forelegs that resemble those of the
511:, some subfamilies have their own common names such as:
352:(true bugs). Among the Hemiptera and together with the
2341:(cottony cushion scales, giant coccids, ground pearls)
1148:
3521:. Heteroptera with Coleorrhyncha were referred to as
1181:
Fitzsimmons, Jay M.; Fitzsimmons, Lauren P. (2010).
3554:
3473:
3363:
3316:
3202:
3173:
3164:
3031:
3022:
2996:
2962:
2941:
2920:
2897:
2868:
2839:
2818:
2801:
2758:
2719:
2688:
2667:
2633:
2616:
2586:
2577:
2535:
2443:
2414:
2218:
2192:
2171:
2025:
2008:
1960:
1926:
1880:
1871:
1275:Ribes, Eva; Goula, Marta; JeremÍas, Xavier (2008).
808:eat ants. A spectacular example of the latter is
3130:(assassin bugs, wheel bugs, thread-legged bugs)
1748:Reduviidae Systematics Research at UC Riverside
558:, including the common North American species
1785:
1354:Journal of the Entomological Research Society
723:A reduviid camouflaged with debris, Australia
8:
1621:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0045523
896:species and other members of the subfamily
689:, where it can be used to produce sound by
617:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
3542:
3170:
3028:
2993:
2815:
2755:
2630:
2583:
2532:
2528:
2503:
2168:
2154:
2022:
1877:
1868:
1854:
1792:
1778:
1770:
1183:"Pre-copulatory behavior of the wheel bug
503:While members of most subfamilies have no
100:
20:
1673:
1595:
1585:
1411:
1104:
1059:
1041:
637:Learn how and when to remove this message
778:in India. Another well-known species is
670:
1008:
1765:Reduviidae at the Encyclopedia of Life
1321:Field Guide to Insects of South Africa
1508:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
932:The Emesinae live among spider webs.
406:. That name, in turn, comes from the
7:
3864:Taxa named by Pierre André Latreille
3831:C2738789-7719-EC1A-6D3C-FD25FD9857C1
3792:4330e783-5a90-4552-8427-e0bf56a027c3
3704:42972791-7a68-421a-9b5e-37fd7530bbc0
3284:(jewel bugs or metallic shield bugs)
615:adding citations to reliable sources
3096:(plant bugs, leaf bugs, grass bugs)
3043:(minute pirate bugs or flower bugs)
2700:(marsh treaders or water measurers)
1089:spp.): Clarification and Chemistry"
356:almost all species are terrestrial
1350:(Servile) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)"
1244:10.1016/B978-0-12-385863-4.00008-3
936:Phylogeny and evolutionary history
823:showed some insecticidal activity
542:(or cone-headed bugs) – subfamily
14:
3235:(giant shield bugs and relatives)
1990:(typical treehoppers, thorn bugs)
1283:. Springer Netherlands: 311–319.
1545:
1477:
1427:
1371:
1093:Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C
587:
124:
3428:(milkweed bugs, true seed bugs)
3336:(squash bugs, leaf-footed bugs)
2603:(unique-headed bugs, gnat bugs)
1760:Video of Reduviid from Thailand
1697:Poinar, George (January 2019).
1323:. New Holland Publishers, Ltd.
1289:10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_10368
2859:(water scorpions, needle bugs)
1:
1723:10.1016/j.cretres.2018.09.004
1464:10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.06.001
1587:10.1371/journal.pone.0045523
1493:"PAHO | Chagas disease"
1043:10.1371/journal.pone.0045523
3485:(red bugs, cotton stainers)
1532:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.05.039
1160:10.4289/0013-8797.123.3.551
981:belonging to the subfamily
3880:
1281:Encyclopedia of Entomology
832:The saliva of the species
662:Southeastern United States
3506:
2992:
2754:
2531:
2527:
2502:
2312:(pupillarial palm scales)
2167:
2153:
1867:
1853:
1809:
1413:10.1016/j.cub.2014.02.006
868:) and the Gram-positive (
764:, some species cover and
225:
220:
121:Scientific classification
119:
108:
99:
23:
1232:Advances in Parasitology
1187:(Hemiptera: Reduviidae)"
1106:10.1515/znc-2013-11-1211
2426:(woolly conifer aphids)
341:family of the suborder
3349:(scentless plant bugs)
2349:(Mediterranean scales)
1658:10.1126/sciadv.1501918
950:
909:Panstrongylus megistus
871:Streptococcus pyogenes
865:Salmonella typhimurium
853:Pseudomonas aeruginosa
735:
724:
716:
682:
664:
531:, including the genus
3813:Paleobiology Database
3493:(bordered plant bugs)
3266:(includes ebony bugs)
2932:(creeping water bugs)
1348:Catamirus brevipennis
943:
841:Catamirus brevipennis
835:Rhynocoris marginatus
820:Rhynocoris marginatus
771:Acanthaspis pedestris
730:
722:
715:) feeding on a beetle
709:Orange assassin bug (
708:
674:
652:
3859:Heteroptera families
3699:Fauna Europaea (new)
3464:(ash-grey leaf bugs)
3456:(atypical seed bugs)
3122:(old world bat bugs)
3051:(bed bugs, bat bugs)
2979:(pygmy backswimmers)
2888:(velvety shore bugs)
2480:(jumping plant lice)
1203:10.3157/021.121.0314
915:Paratriatoma hirsuta
611:improve this section
396:is derived from the
376:(sometimes called a
112:Rhynocoris iracundus
3328:(broad-headed bugs)
2679:(velvet water bugs)
2267:(ornate pit scales)
1715:2019CrRes..93...90P
1703:Cretaceous Research
1650:2016SciA....2E1918W
1578:2012PLoSO...745523H
1524:2009MolPE..53..287W
1456:2011Txcn...58..415S
1404:2014CBio...24.R220B
1034:2012PLoSO...745523H
888:Eratyrus mucronatus
806:feather-legged bugs
794:Reduvius personatus
781:Reduvius personatus
744:extraoral digestion
567:Grass assassin bugs
2851:(giant water bugs)
2778:(spiny shore bugs)
2711:Paraphrynoveliidae
2624:(semiaquatic bugs)
2579:Enicocephalomorpha
2373:(phenacoleachiids)
2371:Phenacoleachiidae
2333:(false pit scales)
2331:Lecanodiaspididae
1753:2022-11-29 at the
1191:Entomological News
1099:(11–12): 522–526.
951:
884:Triatoma dimidiata
880:Cavernicola pilosa
736:
725:
717:
712:Gminatus australis
683:
665:
525:Thread-legged bugs
3841:
3840:
3800:Open Tree of Life
3548:Taxon identifiers
3539:
3538:
3535:
3534:
3531:
3530:
3526:
3502:
3501:
3494:
3486:
3465:
3457:
3454:Rhyparochromidae
3429:
3381:
3350:
3337:
3329:
3298:
3285:
3267:
3249:
3236:
3228:
3225:Acanthosomatidae
3212:
3194:
3186:
3160:
3159:
3147:
3139:
3138:(royal palm bugs)
3136:Thaumastocoridae
3131:
3123:
3105:
3097:
3064:
3052:
3044:
3018:
3017:
2988:
2987:
2980:
2954:
2933:
2889:
2881:
2860:
2852:
2831:
2811:
2809:(true water bugs)
2797:
2796:
2779:
2771:
2750:
2749:
2729:
2701:
2680:
2659:
2646:
2626:
2612:
2611:
2604:
2573:
2572:
2522:
2498:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2481:
2435:
2427:
2406:
2398:
2397:(giant mealybugs)
2390:
2382:
2379:Phoenicococcidae
2374:
2366:
2358:
2350:
2342:
2334:
2326:
2313:
2305:
2297:
2289:
2276:
2268:
2260:
2252:
2244:
2241:Asterolecaniidae
2228:
2202:
2184:
2149:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2093:Hypochthonellidae
2083:
2018:
2004:
2003:
1991:
1978:
1952:
1936:
1890:
1298:978-1-4020-6242-1
970:, represented by
811:Ptilocnemus lemur
647:
646:
639:
364:in the subfamily
331:
330:
317:Tribelocephalinae
216:
30:Cenomanian–Recent
16:Family of insects
3871:
3834:
3833:
3821:
3820:
3808:
3807:
3795:
3794:
3785:
3784:
3772:
3771:
3769:NBNSYS0000160876
3759:
3758:
3746:
3745:
3733:
3732:
3720:
3719:
3707:
3706:
3694:
3693:
3681:
3680:
3668:
3667:
3655:
3654:
3642:
3641:
3629:
3628:
3616:
3615:
3603:
3602:
3590:
3589:
3588:
3575:
3574:
3573:
3543:
3513:are a different
3508:
3492:
3484:
3463:
3455:
3427:
3396:Cryptorhamphidae
3391:Colobathristidae
3379:
3348:
3335:
3327:
3296:
3283:
3265:
3248:(burrowing bugs)
3247:
3234:
3226:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3192:
3191:Termitaphididae
3184:
3171:
3145:
3137:
3129:
3121:
3103:
3095:
3061:Curalium cronini
3058:
3050:
3042:
3029:
3002:
2994:
2978:
2952:
2931:
2899:Aphelocheiroidea
2887:
2879:
2858:
2850:
2829:
2816:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2777:
2769:
2756:
2730:
2728:
2727:(water treaders)
2725:
2699:
2678:
2657:
2645:(water striders)
2644:
2631:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2602:
2601:Enicocephalidae
2596:Aenictopecheidae
2588:Enicocephaloidea
2584:
2533:
2529:
2521:
2515:
2512:
2504:
2479:
2433:
2425:
2404:
2396:
2388:
2380:
2372:
2364:
2356:
2348:
2340:
2332:
2324:
2311:
2303:
2296:(armored scales)
2295:
2287:
2274:
2266:
2258:
2250:
2242:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2182:
2169:
2155:
2081:
2023:
2019:
2017:
2014:
1989:
1976:
1950:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1878:
1869:
1855:
1794:
1787:
1780:
1771:
1735:
1734:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1677:
1638:Science Advances
1629:
1623:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1599:
1589:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1549:
1543:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1489:
1483:
1482:
1481:
1475:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1431:
1425:
1415:
1398:(6): R220–R221.
1383:
1377:
1376:
1375:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1341:
1335:
1334:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1217:
1178:
1172:
1171:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1129:
1108:
1080:
1074:
1073:
1063:
1045:
1013:
996:Arilus cristatus
946:Arilus cristatus
859:Proteus vulgaris
847:Escherichia coli
642:
635:
631:
628:
622:
591:
583:
561:Arilus cristatus
358:ambush predators
289:Pseudocetherinae
232:Centrocnemidinae
211:
129:
128:
115:) with bee prey
104:
94:
31:
27:Temporal range:
21:
3879:
3878:
3874:
3873:
3872:
3870:
3869:
3868:
3844:
3843:
3842:
3837:
3829:
3824:
3816:
3811:
3803:
3798:
3790:
3788:
3780:
3775:
3767:
3762:
3754:
3749:
3741:
3736:
3728:
3723:
3715:
3710:
3702:
3697:
3689:
3684:
3676:
3671:
3663:
3658:
3650:
3645:
3637:
3632:
3624:
3619:
3611:
3606:
3598:
3593:
3584:
3583:
3578:
3569:
3568:
3563:
3550:
3540:
3527:
3498:
3469:
3449:Pachygronthidae
3416:Heterogastridae
3359:
3355:Stenocephalidae
3312:
3259:Parastrachiidae
3254:Thaumastellidae
3233:Tessaratomidae
3209:
3207:
3206:
3198:
3166:Pentatomomorpha
3156:
3014:
3001:(Coleorrhyncha)
3000:
2999:
2998:Peloridiomorpha
2984:
2958:
2937:
2916:
2907:Aphelocheiridae
2893:
2878:Gelastocoridae
2864:
2849:Belostomatidae
2835:
2830:(water boatmen)
2808:
2806:
2805:
2793:
2760:Leptopodomorpha
2746:
2726:
2724:
2723:
2715:
2684:
2663:
2623:
2621:
2620:
2608:
2569:
2565:Stemmocryptidae
2555:Hypsipterygidae
2537:Dipsocoromorpha
2523:
2519:
2513:
2490:
2473:Phacopteronidae
2439:
2410:
2405:(stictococcids)
2403:Stictococcidae
2387:Pseudococcidae
2365:(ensign scales)
2310:Halimococcidae
2226:(scale insects)
2225:
2223:
2222:
2214:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2188:
2163:
2137:
2128:Tettigometridae
2015:
2013:
2012:
2000:
1956:
1951:(hairy cicadas)
1949:Tettigarctidae
1933:
1931:
1930:
1922:
1887:
1885:
1884:
1863:
1861:Auchenorrhyncha
1849:
1805:
1798:
1755:Wayback Machine
1744:
1739:
1738:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1644:(6): e1501918.
1631:
1630:
1626:
1617:
1613:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1544:
1505:
1504:
1500:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1476:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1426:
1392:Current Biology
1385:
1384:
1380:
1370:
1363:
1361:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1331:
1318:
1317:
1313:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1254:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1215:
1213:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1127:
1125:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1015:
1014:
1010:
1005:
991:
989:Example species
960:Late Cretaceous
938:
703:
643:
632:
626:
623:
608:
592:
581:
501:
386:
325:Visayanocorinae
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
258:(=Hammacerinae)
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
210:
123:
95:
93:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
37:
29:
28:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3877:
3875:
3867:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3846:
3845:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3835:
3822:
3809:
3796:
3786:
3773:
3760:
3747:
3734:
3721:
3708:
3695:
3686:Fauna Europaea
3682:
3669:
3656:
3643:
3630:
3617:
3604:
3591:
3576:
3560:
3558:
3552:
3551:
3546:
3537:
3536:
3533:
3532:
3529:
3528:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3496:
3488:
3483:Pyrrhocoridae
3479:
3477:
3475:Pyrrhocoroidea
3471:
3470:
3468:
3467:
3459:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3375:
3369:
3367:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3357:
3352:
3344:
3339:
3331:
3322:
3320:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3292:
3287:
3282:Scutelleridae
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:Thyreocoridae
3261:
3256:
3251:
3243:
3238:
3230:
3222:
3216:
3214:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3196:
3193:(termite bugs)
3188:
3179:
3177:
3168:
3162:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3154:
3149:
3141:
3133:
3125:
3117:
3115:Plokiophilidae
3112:
3107:
3099:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3054:
3046:
3037:
3035:
3026:
3020:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3012:
3006:
3004:
2990:
2989:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2974:
2968:
2966:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2956:
2953:(backswimmers)
2947:
2945:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2935:
2926:
2924:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2914:
2909:
2903:
2901:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2891:
2883:
2874:
2872:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2862:
2854:
2845:
2843:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2833:
2824:
2822:
2813:
2799:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2773:
2764:
2762:
2752:
2751:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2744:
2739:
2733:
2731:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:Hydrometridae
2694:
2692:
2690:Hydrometroidea
2686:
2685:
2683:
2682:
2673:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2653:
2651:Hermatobatidae
2648:
2639:
2637:
2628:
2614:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2606:
2598:
2592:
2590:
2581:
2575:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2567:
2562:
2560:Schizopteridae
2557:
2552:
2547:
2545:Ceratocombidae
2541:
2539:
2525:
2524:
2507:
2500:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2488:
2483:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2449:
2447:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2437:
2434:(phylloxerans)
2432:Phylloxeridae
2429:
2420:
2418:
2416:Phylloxeroidea
2412:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2400:
2392:
2384:
2376:
2368:
2360:
2357:(giant scales)
2355:Monophlebidae
2352:
2347:Micrococcidae
2344:
2336:
2328:
2320:
2315:
2307:
2299:
2291:
2286:Dactylopiidae
2283:
2281:Conchaspididae
2278:
2270:
2262:
2259:(carayonemids)
2257:Carayonemidae
2254:
2246:
2238:
2232:
2230:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2212:
2206:
2204:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2177:
2175:
2165:
2164:
2161:Sternorrhyncha
2158:
2151:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2082:(lanternflies)
2077:
2072:
2067:
2065:Dictyopharidae
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2031:
2029:
2020:
2016:(planthoppers)
2006:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1993:
1985:
1980:
1972:
1966:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1954:
1946:
1940:
1938:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1908:Clastopteridae
1905:
1900:
1894:
1892:
1875:
1865:
1864:
1858:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1847:
1841:
1835:
1829:
1823:
1817:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1799:
1797:
1796:
1789:
1782:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1743:
1742:External links
1740:
1737:
1736:
1689:
1624:
1611:
1552:
1498:
1484:
1450:(5): 415–425.
1434:
1378:
1336:
1329:
1311:
1297:
1267:
1252:
1222:
1197:(3): 304–307.
1173:
1154:(3): 551–563.
1134:
1075:
1007:
1006:
1004:
1001:
1000:
999:
990:
987:
974:and the genus
937:
934:
927:Chagas disease
920:haematophagous
798:Ectrichodiinae
755:praying mantis
702:
699:
645:
644:
627:September 2018
595:
593:
586:
580:
577:
576:
575:
564:
547:
537:
522:
500:
499:
492:
485:
478:
471:
464:
457:
450:
443:
436:
428:
385:
382:
370:Chagas disease
329:
328:
305:Sphaeridopinae
269:Manangocorinae
244:Ectrichodiinae
223:
222:
218:
217:
205:
201:
200:
195:
191:
190:
185:
181:
180:
175:
171:
170:
165:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
135:
131:
130:
117:
116:
109:Assassin bug (
106:
105:
97:
96:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
33:
32:
26:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3876:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3832:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3814:
3810:
3806:
3801:
3797:
3793:
3787:
3783:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3765:
3761:
3757:
3752:
3748:
3744:
3739:
3735:
3731:
3726:
3722:
3718:
3713:
3709:
3705:
3700:
3696:
3692:
3687:
3683:
3679:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3661:
3657:
3653:
3648:
3644:
3640:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3596:
3592:
3587:
3581:
3577:
3572:
3566:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3544:
3524:
3523:Prosorrhyncha
3520:
3516:
3512:
3511:Coleorrhyncha
3505:
3495:
3489:
3487:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3476:
3472:
3466:
3460:
3458:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3411:Henicocoridae
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3366:
3362:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3345:
3343:
3342:Hyocephalidae
3340:
3338:
3332:
3330:
3324:
3323:
3321:
3319:
3315:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3295:Pentatomidae
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3231:
3229:
3227:(shield bugs)
3223:
3221:
3220:Urostylididae
3218:
3217:
3215:
3210:(shield bugs)
3205:
3204:Pentatomoidea
3201:
3195:
3189:
3187:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3176:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3163:
3153:
3152:Velocipedidae
3150:
3148:
3142:
3140:
3134:
3132:
3126:
3124:
3120:Polyctenidae
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3104:(damsel bugs)
3100:
3098:
3092:
3090:
3089:Microphysidae
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3074:Lasiochilidae
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3055:
3053:
3047:
3045:
3041:Anthocoridae
3039:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3021:
3011:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3003:
2995:
2991:
2981:
2975:
2973:
2972:Helotrephidae
2970:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2961:
2955:
2951:Notonectidae
2949:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2943:Notonectoidea
2940:
2934:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2923:
2919:
2913:
2912:Potamocoridae
2910:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2900:
2896:
2890:
2884:
2882:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2867:
2861:
2855:
2853:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2838:
2832:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2817:
2814:
2804:
2800:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2776:Leptopodidae
2774:
2772:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2737:Madeoveliidae
2735:
2734:
2732:
2722:
2721:Mesovelioidea
2718:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2706:Macroveliidae
2704:
2702:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2687:
2681:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2666:
2660:
2658:(riffle bugs)
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2632:
2629:
2619:
2615:
2605:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2576:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2518:
2517:Coleorrhyncha
2511:
2505:
2501:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2442:
2436:
2430:
2428:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2413:
2407:
2401:
2399:
2393:
2391:
2385:
2383:
2381:(palm scales)
2377:
2375:
2369:
2367:
2361:
2359:
2353:
2351:
2345:
2343:
2339:Margarodidae
2337:
2335:
2329:
2327:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2308:
2306:
2304:(felt scales)
2302:Eriococcidae
2300:
2298:
2292:
2290:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2275:(soft scales)
2271:
2269:
2265:Cerococcidae
2263:
2261:
2255:
2253:
2247:
2245:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2221:
2217:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2195:
2191:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2156:
2152:
2134:
2133:Tropiduchidae
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2070:Eurybrachidae
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2035:Acanaloniidae
2033:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2024:
2021:
2011:
2010:Fulgoromorpha
2007:
1997:
1996:Myerslopiidae
1994:
1992:
1986:
1984:
1983:Melizoderidae
1981:
1979:
1977:(leafhoppers)
1975:Cicadellidae
1973:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1959:
1953:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1929:
1925:
1919:
1918:Machaerotidae
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1898:Aphrophoridae
1896:
1895:
1893:
1888:(froghoppers)
1883:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1856:
1852:
1846:
1842:
1840:
1836:
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1783:
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1776:
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1622:
1615:
1612:
1607:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1572:(9): e45523.
1571:
1567:
1563:
1556:
1553:
1548:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
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1509:
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1499:
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1473:
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1423:
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1401:
1397:
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1389:
1382:
1379:
1374:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1349:
1340:
1337:
1332:
1330:1-86872-713-0
1326:
1322:
1315:
1312:
1300:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1271:
1268:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1253:9780123858634
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1226:
1223:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1186:
1185:Arilus gallus
1177:
1174:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1144:Arilus gallus
1138:
1135:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1088:
1079:
1076:
1071:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1028:(9): e45523.
1027:
1023:
1019:
1012:
1009:
1002:
998:
997:
993:
992:
988:
986:
984:
980:
978:
977:Paleotriatoma
973:
969:
968:Burmese amber
965:
961:
957:
948:
947:
942:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
921:
917:
916:
911:
910:
905:
904:
899:
895:
894:
889:
885:
881:
875:
873:
872:
867:
866:
861:
860:
855:
854:
849:
848:
843:
842:
837:
836:
830:
828:
827:
822:
821:
815:
813:
812:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
782:
777:
773:
772:
767:
763:
758:
756:
752:
747:
745:
741:
733:
729:
721:
714:
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707:
700:
698:
696:
692:
688:
681:
677:
673:
669:
663:
659:
656:
651:
641:
638:
630:
620:
616:
612:
606:
605:
601:
596:This section
594:
590:
585:
584:
578:
574:
573:
568:
565:
563:
562:
557:
556:
551:
548:
545:
541:
538:
536:
535:
530:
526:
523:
521:
517:
514:
513:
512:
510:
509:assassin bugs
506:
498:
497:
493:
491:
490:
486:
484:
483:
479:
477:
476:
472:
470:
469:
465:
463:
462:
458:
456:
455:
451:
449:
448:
444:
442:
441:
437:
435:
434:
430:
429:
427:
425:
420:
418:
414:
413:
409:
405:
404:
399:
395:
390:
383:
381:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
362:ectoparasites
359:
355:
351:
348:
344:
340:
336:
327:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
309:Stenopodainae
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
277:Phimophorinae
274:
270:
266:
262:
261:Harpactorinae
257:
253:
249:
248:Elasmodeminae
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
224:
219:
214:
209:
206:
203:
202:
199:
196:
193:
192:
189:
186:
183:
182:
179:
176:
173:
172:
169:
166:
163:
162:
159:
156:
153:
152:
149:
146:
143:
142:
139:
136:
133:
132:
127:
122:
118:
114:
113:
107:
103:
98:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
41:
36:
22:
19:
3555:
3462:Piesmatidae
3444:Oxycarenidae
3421:Idiostolidae
3380:(stilt bugs)
3297:(stink bugs)
3127:
3110:Pachynomidae
3084:Medocostidae
3079:Lyctocoridae
3060:
3024:Cimicomorpha
3010:Peloridiidae
2789:Aepophilidae
2770:(shore bugs)
2742:Mesoveliidae
2550:Dipsocoridae
2463:Carsidaridae
2363:Ortheziidae
2325:(lac scales)
2294:Diaspididae
2288:(cochineals)
2251:(beesoniids)
2249:Beesoniidae
2243:(pit scales)
2183:(whiteflies)
2181:Aleyrodidae
2173:Aleyrodoidea
2045:Achilixiidae
1988:Membracidae
1970:Aetalionidae
1962:Membracoidea
1873:Cicadomorpha
1845:Paraneoptera
1843:Superorder:
1837:Infraclass:
1706:
1702:
1692:
1641:
1637:
1627:
1614:
1569:
1565:
1555:
1511:
1507:
1501:
1487:
1447:
1443:
1437:
1395:
1391:
1381:
1362:. Retrieved
1357:
1353:
1347:
1339:
1320:
1314:
1302:. Retrieved
1280:
1270:
1235:
1231:
1225:
1214:. Retrieved
1194:
1190:
1184:
1176:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1137:
1126:. Retrieved
1096:
1092:
1086:
1078:
1025:
1021:
1011:
994:
975:
952:
944:
931:
924:trypanosomal
913:
907:
901:
891:
887:
883:
879:
876:
869:
863:
857:
851:
845:
839:
833:
831:
824:
818:
816:
809:
793:
779:
769:
759:
748:
737:
731:
710:
695:stridulitrum
691:stridulation
684:
666:
654:
633:
624:
609:Please help
597:
570:
566:
559:
553:
549:
540:Kissing bugs
539:
532:
527:– subfamily
524:
518:– subfamily
515:
508:
505:common names
502:
494:
487:
480:
473:
466:
459:
452:
445:
440:Melanolestes
438:
431:
421:
410:
401:
393:
391:
387:
339:cosmopolitan
334:
332:
301:Salyavatinae
285:Physoderinae
265:Holoptilinae
256:Microtominae
226:
221:Subfamilies
207:
198:Cimicomorpha
194:Infraorder:
110:
18:
3725:iNaturalist
3580:Wikispecies
3519:Heteroptera
3373:Artheneidae
3347:Rhopalidae
3308:Megarididae
3290:Plataspidae
3272:Lestoniidae
3241:Dinidoridae
3185:(flat bugs)
3146:(lace bugs)
3128:Reduviidae
3069:Joppeicidae
3057:Curaliidae
2930:Naucoridae
2922:Naucoroidea
2886:Ochteridae
2880:(toad bugs)
2870:Ochteroidea
2618:Gerromorpha
2510:Heteroptera
2468:Homotomidae
2458:Calophyidae
2453:Aphalaridae
2389:(mealybugs)
2118:Nogodinidae
2113:Meenoplidae
2080:Fulgoridae
2055:Delphacidae
2027:Fulgoroidea
1882:Cercopoidea
1518:: 287–299.
1364:14 December
1238:: 169–192.
983:Triatominae
898:Triatominae
838:(Fab.) and
786:cockroaches
678:, found in
544:Triatominae
516:Ambush bugs
507:other than
415:, meaning "
366:Triatominae
343:Heteroptera
337:is a large
313:Triatominae
228:Bactrodinae
188:Heteroptera
3854:Reduviidae
3848:Categories
3613:REDUVIIDAE
3600:Reduviidae
3586:Reduviidae
3556:Reduviidae
3426:Lygaeidae
3406:Geocoridae
3378:Berytidae
3365:Lygaeoidea
3049:Cimicidae
3033:Cimicoidea
2828:Corixidae
2820:Corixoidea
2803:Nepomorpha
2478:Psyllidae
2445:Psylloidea
2424:Adelgidae
2323:Kerriidae
2318:Kermesidae
2236:Aclerdidae
2194:Aphidoidea
2123:Ricaniidae
2108:Lophopidae
2103:Kinnaridae
1928:Cicadoidea
1913:Epipygidae
1903:Cercopidae
1831:Subclass:
1821:Arthropoda
1360:(2): 37–50
1216:2022-02-01
1128:2022-02-01
1003:References
964:Cenomanian
900:, such as
802:millipedes
776:Tamil Nadu
766:camouflage
751:Phymatinae
732:Rhynocoris
687:prosternum
579:Morphology
550:Wheel bugs
520:Phymatinae
454:Pselliopus
447:Platymeris
398:type genus
394:Reduviidae
335:Reduviidae
293:Reduviinae
281:Phymatinae
273:Peiratinae
236:Cetherinae
208:Reduviidae
184:Suborder:
158:Arthropoda
24:Reduviidae
3491:Largidae
3386:Blissidae
3334:Coreidae
3326:Alydidae
3318:Coreoidea
3303:Canopidae
3277:Phloeidae
3246:Cydnidae
3183:Aradidae
3175:Aradoidea
3144:Tingidae
2784:Omaniidae
2768:Saldidae
2677:Hebridae
2669:Hebroidea
2656:Veliidae
2643:Gerridae
2635:Gerroidea
2508:Suborder
2486:Triozidae
2395:Putoidae
2273:Coccidae
2220:Coccoidea
2210:Aphididae
2159:Suborder
2040:Achilidae
1944:Cicadidae
1934:(cicadas)
1859:Suborder
1833:Pterygota
1813:Kingdom:
1802:Hemiptera
1731:134969065
1709:: 90–97.
1666:2375-2548
1168:240074895
1052:1932-6203
906:species,
660:from the
598:does not
572:Lopodytes
433:Lopodytes
426:include:
392:The name
374:proboscis
350:Hemiptera
321:Vesciinae
240:Chryxinae
213:Latreille
178:Hemiptera
144:Kingdom:
138:Eukaryota
3634:BugGuide
3565:Wikidata
3434:Malcidae
3102:Nabidae
3094:Miridae
2977:Pleidae
2964:Pleoidea
2857:Nepidae
2841:Nepoidea
2200:(aphids)
2088:Gengidae
2075:Flatidae
2060:Derbidae
2050:Cixiidae
1839:Neoptera
1819:Phylum:
1815:Animalia
1804:families
1751:Archived
1684:27386568
1606:23029072
1566:PLOS ONE
1540:19531379
1516:Elsevier
1472:21787800
1422:24650903
1262:21820556
1211:86624882
1123:30698712
1115:24601090
1070:23029072
1022:PLOS ONE
956:Emesinae
949:egg mass
903:Rhodnius
893:Triatoma
826:in vitro
569:– genus
552:– genus
529:Emesinae
482:Rhiginia
475:Reduvius
461:Psyttala
417:hangnail
403:Reduvius
384:Taxonomy
297:Saicinae
252:Emesinae
204:Family:
154:Phylum:
148:Animalia
134:Domain:
3571:Q768510
3439:Ninidae
3401:Cymidae
2098:Issidae
1827:Insecta
1825:Class:
1800:Extant
1711:Bibcode
1675:4928993
1646:Bibcode
1597:3460966
1574:Bibcode
1520:Bibcode
1452:Bibcode
1444:Toxicon
1400:Bibcode
1061:3460966
1030:Bibcode
966:) aged
790:bedbugs
701:Feeding
619:removed
604:sources
534:Emesaya
468:Rasahus
422:Common
412:reduvia
378:rostrum
354:Nabidae
345:of the
174:Order:
168:Insecta
164:Class:
3818:193775
3805:672501
3789:NZOR:
3756:107202
3743:104671
3678:1REDUF
3509:Note:
1729:
1682:
1672:
1664:
1604:
1594:
1538:
1470:
1420:
1327:
1295:
1260:
1250:
1209:
1166:
1121:
1113:
1087:Arilus
1068:
1058:
1050:
972:nymphs
912:, and
862:, and
804:, and
762:nymphs
740:saliva
555:Arilus
424:genera
215:, 1807
3826:Plazi
3782:27479
3738:IRMNG
3730:48959
3691:12836
3517:from
3515:clade
2514:(with
1727:S2CID
1514:(1).
1304:5 May
1207:S2CID
1164:S2CID
1119:S2CID
680:Nepal
676:Nymph
658:nymph
655:Zelus
496:Zelus
489:Sinea
408:Latin
347:order
3777:NCBI
3751:ITIS
3717:4324
3712:GBIF
3673:EPPO
3626:1221
3621:BOLD
1680:PMID
1662:ISSN
1602:PMID
1536:PMID
1468:PMID
1418:PMID
1366:2012
1325:ISBN
1306:2024
1293:ISBN
1258:PMID
1248:ISBN
1111:PMID
1066:PMID
1048:ISSN
886:and
800:eat
602:any
600:cite
333:The
35:PreꞒ
3764:NBN
3665:632
3660:EoL
3652:FKV
3647:CoL
3639:166
3608:AFD
3595:ADW
1719:doi
1670:PMC
1654:doi
1592:PMC
1582:doi
1528:doi
1460:doi
1408:doi
1285:doi
1240:doi
1199:doi
1195:121
1156:doi
1152:123
1101:doi
1056:PMC
1038:doi
874:).
788:or
760:As
613:by
3850::
3828::
3815::
3802::
3779::
3766::
3753::
3740::
3727::
3714::
3701::
3688::
3675::
3662::
3649::
3636::
3623::
3610::
3597::
3582::
3567::
1725:.
1717:.
1707:93
1705:.
1701:.
1678:.
1668:.
1660:.
1652:.
1640:.
1636:.
1600:.
1590:.
1580:.
1568:.
1564:.
1534:.
1526:.
1512:53
1510:.
1466:.
1458:.
1448:58
1446:.
1416:.
1406:.
1396:24
1394:.
1390:.
1358:12
1356:.
1352:.
1291:.
1279:.
1256:.
1246:.
1236:75
1234:.
1205:.
1193:.
1189:.
1162:.
1150:.
1117:.
1109:.
1097:68
1095:.
1091:.
1064:.
1054:.
1046:.
1036:.
1024:.
1020:.
985:.
890:.
882:,
856:,
850:,
653:A
400:,
85:Pg
3525:.
3063:)
3059:(
2520:)
1793:e
1786:t
1779:v
1733:.
1721::
1713::
1686:.
1656::
1648::
1642:2
1608:.
1584::
1576::
1570:7
1542:.
1530::
1522::
1495:.
1474:.
1462::
1454::
1424:.
1410::
1402::
1368:.
1333:.
1308:.
1287::
1264:.
1242::
1219:.
1201::
1170:.
1158::
1131:.
1103::
1072:.
1040::
1032::
1026:7
979:,
962:(
640:)
634:(
629:)
625:(
621:.
607:.
90:N
80:K
75:J
70:T
65:P
60:C
55:D
50:S
45:O
40:Ꞓ
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