108:
324:, composed in an era when oral composition and transmission was the norm, is staunchly embedded in that oral tradition. In order to ensure wide dissemination, Pāṇini is said to have preferred brevity over clarity – it can be recited end-to-end in two hours. This has led to the emergence of a great number of commentaries of his work over the centuries, which for the most part adhere to the foundations laid by Pāṇini's work.
1881:, p. 21: "'rahmins' (Skt. brāhmaṇa) produced the mantras, exegeses, and ritual codes of the Vedic tradition, along with the earliest Vedāṅgas, or 'limbs of the Veda'—ancillary works expounding various aspects of language and ritual. Most notable among these was Pāṇini's Aṣṭādhyāyī ('Eight Lessons,' c. 350 BCE), a foundational grammatical work that has set the standards for proper Sanskrit usage ever since".
1351:
363:
1631:
is complete and clear, but not compact. A group of sūtras, a 'section' or prakaraṇa of the whole compilation, is clear and compact, but not complete. The sūtras achieve compactness i) by making sequence significant, ii) letting one item stand for or range over many, and iii) using grammar and lexicon
1299:
The small number of class 8 verbs are a secondary group derived from class 5 roots, and class 10 is a special case, in that any verb can form class 10 presents, then assuming causative meaning. The roots specifically listed as belonging to class 10 are those for which any other form has fallen out of
168:
In the course of the following centuries, as the popular speech evolved, growing concern among the guardians of the Vedic religion that the hymns be passed on without 'corruption' led to the rise of a vigorous, sophisticated grammatical tradition involving the study of linguistic analysis, in
1636:, which exploits a range of brevity-enabling devices to compose what has often been described as the tersest and yet most complete grammar of any language." The monumental multi-volume grammars published in the 20th century (for Sanskrit, the
349:, language is observed in a manner that has no parallel among Greek or Latin grammarians. Pāṇini's grammar, according to Renou and Filliozat, defines the linguistic expression and a classic that set the standard for Sanskrit language.
1493:(4.3.98) as a proper noun in an honorific sense, that can equally mean a divine or an ordinary person. This has been interpreted by scholars as attesting the significance of god Vasudeva (Krishna) or the opposite. The concept of
311:
Pāṇini makes use of a technical metalanguage consisting of a syntax, morphology, and lexicon. This metalanguage is organised according to a series of meta-rules, some of which are explicitly stated while others can be deduced.
335:
of Patañjali. Non-Hindu texts and traditions on grammar emerged after Patañjali, some of which include the
Sanskrit grammar text of Jainendra of Jainism and the Chandra school of Buddhism.
292:) as input and describes algorithms to be applied to them for the generation of well-formed words. It is highly systematised and technical. Inherent in its approach are the concepts of the
1336:
Listing of pronouns ("pronoun" is not an accurate translation but is commonly used as the list includes 'he', 'she', 'it', but also 'all' (from which the group gets its name), 'that').
70:
and dated to around 350 BCE, it describes the language as current in his time, specifically the dialect and register of an élite of model speakers, referred to by Pāṇini himself as
2055:
2221:"The problem was, however, faced by the Hindu grammarian Panini, who apparently was conscious of the grammatical implications of his phonetic classificatory scheme."
89:
system to describe the language, where real speech is derived from posited abstract utterances formed by means of affixes added to bases under certain conditions.
2362:
2562:
1372:
384:
2146:
1996:
2728:
180:
is the oldest linguistic and grammar text, and one of the oldest
Sanskrit texts, surviving in its entirety. Pāṇini refers to older texts such as the
2611:
204:
consists of 3,995 sūtras in eight chapters, which are each subdivided into four sections or pādas. There are different types of sūtras, with the
2643:
2532:
2511:
2323:
2289:
2242:
2210:
2178:
566:
Thus the two sutras consist of a list of phonemes, followed by a technical term; the final interpretation of the two sutras above is thus:
107:
2384:
649:
are defined in P. 1.3.2 through P. 1.3.8. These definitions refer only to items taught in the grammar or its ancillary texts such at the
2703:
1685:
The earliest secondary literature on the primary text of Pāṇini are by Kātyāyana (~3rd century BCE) and
Patanjali (~2nd century BCE).
2662:
2591:
2551:
2492:
2473:
2154:
2036:
1973:
1559:
1545:
1398:
532:
represent a list, but a single phoneme, encompassing all supra-segmental features such as accent and nasality. For further example,
410:
304:. A consequence of his grammar's focus on brevity is its highly unintuitive structure, reminiscent of modern notations such as the "
272:. Regarded as extremely compact without sacrificing completeness, it would become the model for later specialist technical texts or
2341:
India as known to Pāṇini. A study of the cultural material in the Ashṭādhyāyī. (Radha Kumud
Mookerji Endowment Lectures for 1952.)
2713:
2708:
2723:
2048:
2268:, The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, Cambridge University Press, (Jan., 1910), pp. 168-170
1507:
1.11). Much social, geographical and historical information has been thus inferred from a close reading of Pāṇini's grammar.
1594:
His rules have a reputation for perfection – that is, they tersely describe
Sanskrit morphology unambiguously and completely.
1528:
1376:
388:
2052:
165:, which formed the canonical basis of the Vedic religion, being transmitted from generation to generation entirely orally.
551:
When a sutra defines the technical term, the term defined comes at the end, so the first sutra should have properly been
1361:
373:
1642:
1896–1957) of course set new standards in completeness, but the Aṣṭādhyāyī remains unrivalled in terms of terseness.
1076:
index), which acts as a symbolic referent for the list. Within the main text, these clusters, referred through the
2261:
1427:
that Indian linguistic science reached its definite form. The system thus established is extremely detailed as to
1380:
1365:
392:
377:
1968:
James
Lochtefeld (2002), "Vyākaraṇa" in The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Vol. 2: N-Z, Rosen Publishing,
1466:
1112:
is organised by the ten present classes of
Sanskrit, i.e. the roots are grouped by the form of their stem in the
308:". His sophisticated logical rules and technique have been widely influential in ancient and modern linguistics.
156:
1987:
1481:
Pāṇini's work has been one of the important sources of cultural, religious, and geographical information about
1444:
1061:
86:
1676:
is more than a commentary on Aṣṭādhyāyī. It is the earliest known philosophical text of the Hindu
Grammarians.
2733:
2683:
670:
2718:
1102:) of classical Sanskrit, indicating their properties and meanings. There are approximately 2300 roots in
440:
In these sutras, the letters which here are put into the upper case actually are special meta-linguistic
1638:
2051:, it was still possible to describe it as "at once the shortest and the fullest grammar in the world".
305:
1412:
1503:
626:
169:
particular phonetics alongside grammar. The high point of this centuries-long endeavour was Pāṇini's
111:
56:
1060:. The notational system introduces different clusters of phonemes that serve special roles in the
2738:
2356:
1571:
1095:
689: – 'There is elision of that (i.e. any of the preceding items which have been defined as an
301:
2563:"Sources of Authority: Authors, Texts, and Institutions in the Formation of Classical Hinduism"
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450:
2658:
2639:
2587:
2547:
2528:
2507:
2488:
2469:
2344:
2319:
2285:
2238:
2206:
2174:
2150:
2032:
1969:
1555:
1541:
1533:
1524:
559:. However the orders are reversed to have a good-luck word at the very beginning of the work;
43:
2200:
2168:
1632:
artificially. The background model is always Pāṇini's grammar for the
Sanskrit language, the
253:
2620:
2570:
1516:
2613:
In Pāṇini We Trust: Discovering the
Algorithm for Rule Conflict Resolution in the Aṣṭādhāyī
78:
form of the language, as well as certain dialectal features current in the author's time.
2265:
2059:
2684:
Online viewer for the Ashtadhyayi of Panini translated into English by Srisa Chandra Basu
2018:
Bloomfield, L., 1929, "Review of Liebich, Konkordanz Pāṇini-Candra", Language 5, 267–276.
1423:
on the Aṣṭādhyāyī is one of the three most famous works in Sanskrit grammar. It was with
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
119:
75:
1628:
67:
2697:
2406:"Paninis Grammatik, Otto von Böhtlingk, Leipzig 1887 – Heidelberg University Library"
1554:, Austin: University of Texas Press, 1987. Reprint Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1989.
1482:
1301:
1113:
2189:"The linguistic investigations of Panini, the notable Hindu grammarian, can be ..."
464:
1608:
1470:
1424:
1420:
1056:
describe a phonemic notational system in the fourteen initial lines preceding the
2633:
2522:
2313:
2279:
2232:
1489:
scholar of grammar and linguistics. His work, for example, illustrates the word
1350:
1280:
The above names are composed of the first verbal root in each class followed by
1052:
1045:
1006:
362:
2574:
584:
155:
By 1000 BCE, a large body of hymns composed in the oldest attested form of the
1064:
of Sanskrit, and are referred to throughout the text. Each cluster, called a
528:
marker: Sutra 1.1.70 defines it as indicating that the preceding phoneme does
48:
2348:
1661:
1458:
1454:
1438:
1434:
142:, 'chapter', thus meaning eight-chaptered, or 'the book of eight chapters'.
2688:
2237:. Columbia University Press. pp. 728 (Panini, Hindu grammarian, 328).
677:
s are metalinguistic markers and not pronounced in the final derived form,
609:
208:– operational rules, being the main one. The other, ancillary sūtras, are:
1413:
1286:
1266:
1248:
1234:
1220:
1202:
1184:
1170:
1156:
1146:
1124:
683:
663:
651:
585:
344:
32:
17:
2524:
The Philosophy of the Grammarians, in Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies
1624:
1490:
1461:
explanations. People interpret his work to be a defence of Pāṇini, whose
297:
265:
60:
2405:
2258:
2624:
2377:"The Astadhyayi of Panini (6 Vols.) by Rama Nath Sharma at Vedic Books"
2281:
The Aṣṭādhyāyī of Pāṇini: English translation of adhyāyas four and five
2202:
The Sound Pattern of Russian: A Linguistic and Acoustical Investigation
1604:
1449:
1428:
293:
269:
261:
257:
161:
1473:
lies in the treatment of the principles of grammar enunciated by him.
74:. The work also accounts both for some features specific to the older
1627:
maximises compactness and completeness, at the expense of clarity. A
1494:
1209:
1135:
743:
441:
328:
1660:
Patañjali may or may not be the same person as the one who authored
1318:
is a list of groups of primitive nominal stems (roots) used by the
1486:
273:
617:
At this point, one can see they are definitions of terminology:
1344:
524:
appearing (in its variant form /d/) in both sutras is also an
448:
markers or, by later writers such as Katyayana and Patanjali,
356:
1106:. Of these, 522 roots are often used in classical Sanskrit.
1798:
1785:
2678:
1578:. Translated into English, Indian Press, Allahabad, 1898.
92:
The Aṣṭādhyāyī is supplemented by three ancillary texts:
1457:) is discussed, and these etymologies naturally lead to
753:
Initial palatals and cerebrals of a suffix. Cf. P. 1.3.7
661:, which is then continued in the following six rules by
563:
happens to mean 'prosperity' in its non-technical use.
327:
The most famous and among the most ancient of these
2567:
A Cultural History of Hinduism in the Classical Age
2315:
Ramopakhyana – The Story of Rama in the Mahabharata
1501:or "he observes dharma (duty, righteousness)" (cf.
2299:
2234:Columbia Chronologies of Asian History and Culture
1011:are a brief but highly organised list of phonemes.
657:; this fact is made clear in P. 1.3.2 by the word
55:) is a grammar that describes a form of an early
2117:
2105:
2031:, pp.213–215. Les Belles Lettres, Paris, 2001.
1956:
1080:, are related to various grammatical functions.
980: class of verbal stems (1.1.20)
2689:An Introduction to Traditional Sanskrit Grammar
1611:, in any discipline, should aspire to clarity (
1469:rather severely. But the main contributions of
492:), respectively, forming what are known as the
625:are the terms for the full and the lengthened
192:but some of these have only survived in part.
2619:(PhD dissertation). University of Cambridge.
2167:Steven Weisler; Slavoljub P. Milekic (2000).
2143:L'Inde Classique, manuel des etudes indiennes
1465:are elaborated meaningfully. He also attacks
66:Authored by Sanskrit philologist and scholar
8:
2521:Harold G. Coward (1990). Karl Potter (ed.).
2485:Pāṇini – His Work and its Traditions – Vol 1
1029:is a lexical list of nominal stems grouped (
284:The text takes material from lexical lists (
2527:. Vol. 5. Princeton University Press.
1379:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
722:in verbal or nominal endings. Cf. P. 1.3.4.
391:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2361:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2129:
1907:
1905:
1765:
1485:, with he himself being referred to as a
1399:Learn how and when to remove this message
1276:presents (causatives, denominatives etc.)
1119:The ten present classes of Sanskrit are:
411:Learn how and when to remove this message
772:A few examples of elements that contain
173:, which eclipsed all others before him.
106:
2093:
1871:
1777:
1743:
1696:
1587:
2657:(2000 ed.). Motilal Banarsidass.
2546:(2002 ed.). Motilal Banarsidass.
2468:(2001 ed.). Motilal Banarsidass.
2354:
260:), and complements others such as the
2487:(2nd ed.). Motilal Banarsidass.
2284:. Munshiram Manoharlal. p. 377.
1878:
798: strong case endings
693:).' Accordingly, Pāṇini defines the
423:The first two sutras are as follows:
256:, one of the Vedic ancillary fields (
42:
7:
1607:states that a technical treatise or
1497:is attested in his sutra 4.4.41 as,
1377:adding citations to reliable sources
1292:thus means "the class starting with
1068:, ends with a dummy sound called an
681:(word), they are elided by P. 1.3.9
504:. They denote the list of phonemes {
389:adding citations to reliable sources
2141:Louis Renou & Jean Filliozat.
1566:The Descriptive Technique of Panini
1447:). Syntax is scarcely touched, but
1304:, so to speak, and denominatives).
1018:is a lexical list of verbal roots (
2506:(2010 ed.). Wiley-Blackwell.
2504:Indo-European Language and Culture
1521:The Aṣṭādhyāyī of Pāṇini (6 Vols.)
25:
2729:Ancient Indian mathematical works
2205:. Walter de Gruyter. p. 88.
1989:Sanskrit Philosophical Commentary
768:'secondary' suffix. Cf. P. 1.3.8.
2147:École française d'Extrême-Orient
1349:
1033:, "group") by common properties.
785: nominal suffix
361:
2584:A Sanskrit Grammar for Students
2387:from the original on 2016-09-23
2064:The Imperial Gazetteer of India
2002:from the original on 2020-11-27
951: verbal suffix
810: active marker
496:s "comprehensive designations"
237:pratiṣedha- & niṣedha-sūtra
159:had been consolidated into the
2259:Vasudeva of Panini IV, iii, 98
1738:Traditional glossary and notes
895: Desiderative
1:
2610:Rajpopat, Rishi Atul (2021).
2339:VĀSUDEVA S. AGARVĀLĀ (1963).
2635:Syntax – Theory and Analysis
1329:Listing of verbal prefixes (
1325:Examples of groups include:
1001:has three associated texts.
2582:Macdonnel, Arthur Anthony.
2302:, अष्टाध्यायी ४, Wikisource
2049:Imperial Gazetteer of India
1414:
1287:
1267:
1249:
1235:
1221:
1203:
1185:
1171:
1157:
1147:
1125:
963: Precative
922: Causative
684:
664:
652:
586:
345:
44:[ɐ.ʂʈaː.ˈdʰjaː.jiː]
33:
2755:
2704:4th-century BC manuscripts
2575:10.5040/9781350024311.0007
2318:. Routledge. p. 192.
1043:
1022:) sorted by present class.
928: ī-stems
858: (7.1.37)
764:, and velars but not in a
2653:Whitney, William Dwight.
2605:. Oxford Clarendon Press.
2601:Monier-Williams, Monier.
2544:A Higher Sanskrit Grammar
2278:Rama Nath Sharma (1999).
2257:R. G. Bhandarkar (1910),
2173:. MIT Press. p. 44.
2149:, 1953, reprinted 2000.
1976:, pages 476, 744-745, 769
1576:The Ashṭádhyáyí of Páṇini
1166:) – reduplicated presents
1094:is a lexicon of Sanskrit
988: (1.4.7)
885: elision
825: elision
804: elision
176:While not the first, the
157:Proto-Indo-Aryan language
52:
27:Early grammar of Sanskrit
2483:Cardona, George (1997).
2066:, vol. 2 (1909), p. 263.
1437:, including accent) and
957: Aorist
714:2. (a) except a dental,
2714:Systems of formal logic
2709:4th century BC in India
2586:. Motilal Banarsidass.
2561:Lubin, Timothy (2024).
1770:Brahmic transliteration
1568:, Mouton and Co., 1966.
701:Nasalized vowels, e.g.
2724:Indo-European grammars
1959:, pp. 13–14, 111.
1899:Monier Monier-Williams
629:grades, respectively.
316:Commentarial tradition
123:
2638:. Walter de Gruyter.
2603:A Sanskrit Dictionary
2502:Fortson, Benjamin W.
2466:The Sanskrit Language
2312:Peter Scharf (2014).
2199:Morris Halle (1971).
2118:Harold G. Coward 1990
2106:Harold G. Coward 1990
1957:Harold G. Coward 1990
1639:Altindische Grammatik
1619:), and completeness (
252:is the foundation of
151:Grammatical tradition
134:is made of two words
110:
2231:John Bowman (2005).
1623:). A compilation of
1564:Misra, Vidya Niwas,
1552:Astadhyayi of Panini
1504:Taittiriya Upanishad
1373:improve this section
627:Indo-European ablaut
520:} respectively. The
385:improve this section
2632:Tibor Kiss (2015).
2300:४.४.४१ धर्मं चरति ।
2145:, vol.II pp.86–90,
2096:, pp. 243–259.
2053:Sanskrit Literature
1947:Cardona (1997) §10.
1572:Vasu, Srisa Chandra
1550:Katre, Sumitra M.,
1540:1887, reprint 1998
1284:"etc.; and next" –
708:A final consonant (
233:– restrictive rules
2625:10.17863/CAM.80099
2569:. pp. 21–44.
2381:www.vedicbooks.net
2264:2023-02-10 at the
2170:Theory of Language
2058:2021-04-21 at the
1731:aphoristic threads
1538:Panini's Grammatik
1411:After Pāṇini, the
831:
776:s are as follows:
454:(see below). The
444:; they are called
339:Critical responses
124:
114:from a version of
2645:978-3-11-037740-8
2534:978-81-208-0426-5
2513:978-1-4051-8895-1
2325:978-1-136-84655-7
2291:978-81-215-0747-9
2244:978-0-231-50004-3
2212:978-3-11-086945-3
2180:978-0-262-73125-6
2132:, pp. 71–72.
2120:, pp. 16–17.
1986:Jonardon Ganeri,
1863:
1862:
1710:: reading, lesson
1477:Other information
1409:
1408:
1401:
1216:thematic presents
1180:thematic presents
1142:thematic presents
421:
420:
413:
227:– extension rules
16:(Redirected from
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2668:
2655:Sanskrit Grammar
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1651:great commentary
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1615:), compactness (
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1592:
1517:Rama Nath Sharma
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1345:
1290:
1270:
1252:
1238:
1224:
1206:
1188:
1174:
1160:
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1128:
750:). Cf. P. 1.3.6.
712:). Cf. P. 1.3.3.
687:
667:
655:
589:
416:
409:
405:
402:
396:
365:
357:
348:
306:Backus–Naur form
239:– negation rules
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41:
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21:
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2679:Ashtadhyayi.com
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2084:Coulson, p xvi.
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1946:
1942:
1937:
1933:
1928:
1924:
1920:Coulson, p. xv.
1919:
1915:
1910:
1903:
1898:
1894:
1889:
1885:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1864:
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1749:
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1698:
1694:
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1680:
1671:
1667:
1659:
1655:
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1598:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1513:
1479:
1405:
1394:
1388:
1385:
1370:
1354:
1343:
1312:
1300:use (causative
1230:-infix presents
1152:– root presents
1088:
1072:(the so-called
1048:
1042:
995:
993:Auxiliary texts
713:
705:. Cf. P. 1.3.2.
641:Markers called
639:
417:
406:
400:
397:
382:
366:
355:
341:
318:
282:
246:
198:
153:
148:
129:
94:Akṣarasamāmnāya
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2752:
2750:
2742:
2741:
2736:
2734:Sanskrit texts
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2696:
2695:
2692:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2674:
2673:External links
2671:
2670:
2669:
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1890:Cardona, §1-3.
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991:
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981:
973:
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697:s as follows:
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548:respectively.
438:
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369:
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281:
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245:
244:Related fields
242:
241:
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234:
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216:
197:
194:
152:
149:
147:
144:
138:, 'eight' and
128:
125:
120:Grantha script
112:Palm-leaf page
26:
24:
14:
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10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2751:
2740:
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2732:
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2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2719:Grammar books
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
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2699:
2690:
2687:
2685:
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2664:81-208-0620-4
2660:
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2599:
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2593:81-246-0094-5
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2572:
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2564:
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2553:81-208-0177-6
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2536:
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2526:
2525:
2519:
2515:
2509:
2505:
2500:
2496:
2494:81-208-0419-8
2490:
2486:
2481:
2477:
2475:81-208-1767-2
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2317:
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2308:
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2301:
2293:
2287:
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2274:
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2267:
2263:
2260:
2254:
2251:
2246:
2240:
2236:
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2227:
2224:
2220:
2214:
2208:
2204:
2203:
2195:
2192:
2188:
2182:
2176:
2172:
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2163:
2160:
2156:
2155:2-85539-903-3
2152:
2148:
2144:
2138:
2135:
2131:
2126:
2123:
2119:
2114:
2111:
2108:, p. 16.
2107:
2102:
2099:
2095:
2090:
2087:
2081:
2078:
2072:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2054:
2050:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2037:2-251-41015-5
2034:
2030:
2024:
2021:
2015:
2012:
1998:
1991:
1990:
1982:
1979:
1975:
1974:0-8239-2287-1
1971:
1965:
1962:
1958:
1953:
1950:
1944:
1941:
1935:
1932:
1926:
1923:
1917:
1914:
1911:Burrow, §2.1.
1908:
1906:
1902:
1896:
1893:
1887:
1884:
1880:
1875:
1872:
1866:
1852:
1849:
1843:
1840:
1834:
1831:
1825:
1822:
1816:
1813:
1807:
1804:
1800:
1794:
1791:
1787:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1761:Brahmic notes
1760:
1752:
1747:
1744:
1737:
1728:
1725:
1721:
1716:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1700:
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1669:
1666:
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1657:
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1614:
1610:
1606:
1600:
1597:
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1577:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1563:
1561:
1560:0-292-70394-5
1557:
1553:
1549:
1547:
1546:3-87548-198-4
1543:
1539:
1535:
1532:
1530:
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1518:
1515:
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1510:
1508:
1506:
1505:
1500:
1496:
1492:
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1484:
1483:ancient India
1476:
1474:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1442:
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1436:
1432:
1431:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1416:
1403:
1400:
1392:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1363:
1358:This section
1356:
1352:
1347:
1346:
1340:
1335:
1332:
1328:
1327:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1310:
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1295:
1291:
1289:
1283:
1275:
1271:
1269:
1264:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1251:
1246:
1243:
1239:
1237:
1232:
1229:
1225:
1223:
1218:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1205:
1200:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1187:
1182:
1179:
1175:
1173:
1168:
1165:
1164:juhoti-ādayaḥ
1161:
1159:
1158:juhoty-ādayaḥ
1154:
1151:
1149:
1144:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1127:
1122:
1121:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1114:present tense
1111:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1054:
1047:
1040:
1037:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1004:
1003:
1002:
1000:
992:
987:
986:
982:
979:
978:
974:
972:
971:
967:
962:
959:
956:
953:
950:
947:
943:
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938:
935:
933:
930:
929:
927:
924:
921:
918:
917:
916:
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911:
909:
908:
904:
902:
901:
897:
894:
893:
889:
884:
881:
879:
876:
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874:
873:
869:
867:
866:
862:
857:
854:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
836:
834:
830:
827:
824:
821:
820:
819:
818:
814:
809:
806:
803:
800:
797:
794:
793:
792:
791:
787:
784:
783:
779:
778:
777:
775:
767:
763:
759:
755:
752:
749:
745:
741:
737:
735:. Cf. P 1.3.5
734:
731:
728:
724:
721:
717:
711:
707:
704:
700:
699:
698:
696:
692:
688:
686:
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672:
668:
666:
660:
656:
654:
648:
644:
636:
632:
630:
628:
624:
620:
612:
611:
607:} are called
606:
602:
598:
594:
591:
590:
588:
582:} are called
581:
577:
573:
569:
568:
567:
564:
562:
558:
557:vṛddhir ādaiC
554:
553:ādaiJ vṛddhir
549:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
466:
461:
457:
453:
452:
447:
443:
436:
432:
430:
429:vṛddhir ādaiC
426:
425:
424:
415:
412:
404:
401:November 2018
394:
390:
386:
380:
379:
375:
370:This section
368:
364:
359:
358:
352:
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315:
313:
309:
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279:
277:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
243:
238:
235:
232:
229:
226:
225:atideśa-sūtra
223:
220:
217:
214:
211:
210:
209:
207:
203:
195:
193:
191:
187:
183:
179:
174:
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166:
164:
163:
158:
150:
145:
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141:
137:
133:
126:
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113:
109:
105:
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95:
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84:
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69:
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62:
58:
50:
45:
37:
35:
19:
2654:
2634:
2612:
2602:
2583:
2566:
2543:
2523:
2503:
2484:
2465:
2458:Bibliography
2420:
2409:. Retrieved
2400:
2389:. Retrieved
2380:
2371:
2340:
2334:
2314:
2307:
2280:
2273:
2253:
2233:
2226:
2218:
2201:
2194:
2186:
2169:
2162:
2142:
2137:
2125:
2113:
2101:
2094:Cardona 1997
2089:
2080:
2071:
2063:
2047:In the 1909
2043:
2028:
2023:
2014:
2004:, retrieved
1988:
1981:
1964:
1952:
1943:
1938:Cardona, §4.
1934:
1925:
1916:
1895:
1886:
1874:
1851:
1842:
1833:
1824:
1815:
1806:
1793:
1786:वृद्धिरादैच्
1780:
1750:
1746:
1727:
1719:
1715:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1681:
1673:
1668:
1656:
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1620:
1616:
1612:
1599:
1590:
1575:
1565:
1551:
1537:
1520:
1502:
1498:
1480:
1462:
1448:
1439:
1429:
1410:
1395:
1386:
1371:Please help
1359:
1330:
1324:
1319:
1315:
1313:
1308:
1298:
1293:
1285:
1281:
1279:
1273:
1265:
1259:
1255:
1247:
1241:
1233:
1227:
1219:
1213:
1201:
1195:
1191:
1183:
1177:
1169:
1163:
1155:
1145:
1139:
1131:
1123:
1118:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1099:
1096:verbal roots
1091:
1089:
1084:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1057:
1051:
1049:
1038:
1030:
1026:
1019:
1015:
1007:
998:
996:
984:
983:
976:
975:
969:
968:
960:
954:
948:
941:
936:
931:
925:
919:
913:
912:
906:
905:
899:
898:
891:
890:
882:
877:
871:
870:
864:
863:
855:
848:
843:
838:
832:
828:
822:
816:
815:
807:
801:
795:
789:
788:
781:
780:
773:
771:
765:
761:
757:
747:
739:
732:
729:
726:
719:
715:
709:
702:
694:
690:
682:
678:
674:
662:
658:
650:
646:
642:
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634:
622:
618:
616:
608:
604:
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596:
583:
579:
575:
571:
565:
560:
556:
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545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:Shiva Sutras
463:
459:
455:
449:
445:
439:
434:
428:
422:
407:
398:
383:Please help
371:
342:
332:
326:
321:
319:
310:
289:
285:
283:
249:
247:
236:
231:niyama-sūtra
230:
224:
218:
212:
205:
201:
199:
189:
185:
181:
177:
175:
170:
167:
160:
154:
139:
135:
131:
130:
115:
101:
97:
93:
91:
87:derivational
82:
80:
71:
65:
31:
29:
2542:Kale, M R.
2464:Burrow, T.
1222:rudh-ādayaḥ
1053:Śiva Sūtras
1046:Śiva Sūtras
1039:Śiva Sūtras
1008:Śiva Sūtras
685:tasya lopaḥ
673:. As these
555:instead of
215:– metarules
196:Arrangement
53:अष्टाध्यायी
2698:Categories
2411:2023-01-08
2391:2016-09-22
2343:Varanasi.
2298:Sanskrit:
2006:2021-03-19
1879:Lubin 2024
1867:References
1674:Mahābhāṣya
1662:Yogasūtras
1634:Aṣṭādhyāyī
1529:8121500516
1445:morphology
1415:Mahābhāṣya
1341:Commentary
1320:Aṣṭādhyāyī
1288:bhv-ādayaḥ
1268:cur-ādayaḥ
1256:krī-ādayaḥ
1250:kry-ādayaḥ
1236:tan-ādayaḥ
1210:zero grade
1204:tud-ādayaḥ
1172:div-ādayaḥ
1136:full grade
1132:bhū-ādayaḥ
1126:bhv-ādayaḥ
1110:Dhātupāṭha
1104:Dhātupāṭha
1092:Dhātupāṭha
1085:Dhātupāṭha
1078:anubandhas
1066:pratyāhāra
1062:morphology
1058:Aṣṭādhyāyī
1016:Dhātupāṭha
999:Aṣṭādhyāyī
653:Dhātupāṭha
540:represent
494:pratyāhāra
480:) and 3 ("
451:anubandhas
435:adeṄ guṇaḥ
346:Aṣṭādhyāyī
333:Mahābhāṣya
322:Aṣṭādhyāyī
286:Dhātupāṭha
250:Aṣṭādhyāyī
221:– headings
206:vidhisūtra
202:Aṣṭādhyāyī
186:Dhātupāṭha
182:Unādisūtra
178:Aṣṭādhyāyī
171:Aṣṭādhyāyī
146:Background
132:Aṣṭādhyāyī
116:Aṣṭādhyāyī
98:Dhātupāṭha
85:employs a
83:Aṣṭādhyāyī
59:language:
57:Indo-Aryan
49:Devanagari
34:Aṣṭādhyāyī
18:Astadhyayi
2739:Vyakarana
2357:cite book
2349:504674962
1799:अदेङ्गुणः
1471:Patañjali
1467:Kātyāyana
1455:etymology
1440:vyākaraṇa
1435:phonology
1425:Patañjali
1421:Patañjali
1389:July 2024
1360:does not
1316:Gaṇapāṭha
1309:Gaṇapāṭha
1302:deponents
1192:su-ādayaḥ
1186:sv-ādayaḥ
1148:ad-ādayaḥ
1134:) – root-
1070:anubandha
1027:Gaṇapāṭha
997:Pāṇini's
695:anubandha
675:anubandha
647:anubandha
462:refer to
372:does not
290:Gaṇapātha
266:Nighaṇṭus
254:Vyākaraṇa
213:paribhāṣā
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